Architectural Detailing and Construction Issues · 1 High-containment Laboratory Design &...

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High-containment LaboratoryDesign & Construction

Part Two – Architectural Detailing and Construction Issues

Presented by:Gary Zackowitz, R.A.

Harvard School of Public Health Center for Continuing Professional EducationJuly 14 - 25, 2008 Boston, Massachusetts

Goals of This Course

Understanding Containment The “containment barrier”

Bio-safety Level comparison

Components, Details, SystemsMethods and materials

Focus IssuesRenovation for Containment

Challenges in developing countries

Maintaining Construction Quality

Architectural Detailing and Architectural Detailing and Construction IssuesConstruction Issues

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Goals of This CourseUnderstanding Major Components

Be able to make reasonable choices

Recognize good (and bad) work

Identify Potential Issues

Be an active member of the “Team”

Architectural Detailing and Architectural Detailing and Construction IssuesConstruction Issues

Submarine ComparisonContinuous Barrier

Complexity

Penetrations

Functionality

Understanding ContainmentUnderstanding Containment

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Continuous Barrier


Complexity


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Penetrations


Functionality


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Bio Safety Level ComparisonBSL4 Level Requirements

Specific Engineering Criteria to mitigate risk

BSL3 Level Requirements

Open to more interpretation and possible solutions

Allows SOPs to compensate for lack of Engineering solution

BSL3 + (Enhanced)

Not an official designation

Employs additional enhancement to meet identified risks/criteria

BSL3 Ag


Conflicting Requirements and Interpretation


BMBL a. Laboratory Personnel must be able to verify directional air flow. A visual monitoring device which confirms directional air flow must be provided at the laboratory entry. Audible alarms should be considered to notify personnel of air flow disruption.

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Components, Details, SystemsComponents, Details, SystemsBSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Architectural Detailing3 Architectural Detailing

Sanitary, monolithic surfaces

Caulked joints

Durable materials & finishes

Resistant to disinfectants

Impact protection

Water / moisture resistant

Vermin / pest resistance

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Partitions & Finishes3 Partitions & Finishes

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Concrete Masonry Units (CMU)

ABSL-3 masonry partitions

Joint tooling

Grout filled door frames

Quality control for imbedded devices

Finishing Challenges

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Partitions3 Partitions

Gypsum Wall Board (GWB)

BSL-3 gypsum wall board partitions

Abuse-resistant GWB, 20 ga. studs

Blocking and support

Wall protection

Security reinforcement may be required


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Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)

BSL-3 or ABSL-3 with proper protection

Composite panels vs. sheet material

Joint treatment

Sealant compatibility

More expensive option


Wall Protection

Railings

Curbs

Blocking and support

Heights


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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Ceilings3 Ceilings

Suspended GWB ceiling construction

FRP Grid and panel systems

Locking Tiles

Access above ceiling

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Finishes3 Finishes

Qualities

Durable


Choices

Polymer coating systems

Fiber reinforced systems

Glove testing

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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Floors3 Floors

Monolithic (including base)Resistance to disinfectantsEpoxy resin systems (ABSL-3)Seamless vinyl systems (BSL-3/BSL-2)Slip resistanceSubstrate preparationMoisture testing and waterproof coatings

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Floors3 Floors

Base Detailing

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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Doors, Windows & Hardware3 Doors, Windows & Hardware

Stainless steel or FRP construction (ABSL-3)

Hollow Metal Seamless construction

Grouted frames (in CMU)

Tight-fitting

Electronic hardware provisions

Sealed windows


Details

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HardwareHas to be selected to meet required use

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Access Panels3 Access Panels

Avoid access panels within containment

Gasketed vs. gas-tight

Hinge design

Stainless steel preferred

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Simple design and accessibility for sanitation and decontamination

Suspended or mobile preferred

No sharp edges or rough surfaces

No void areas or inaccessible slots (e.g. shelving standards)

Durable finish resistant to disinfectants

Smooth, water-resistant counter tops (epoxy, stainless steel, phenolic) – no undercoatings

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Casework3 Casework

BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Casework3 Casework

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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Barrier Penetrations3 Barrier Penetrations


General Requirements

Support of penetrating item or device

Clean, hard surfaces to seal against

Space for sealant

Use of proper sealant

Cupped escutcheons that obscure penetration not recommended

Consolidate construction details on architectural drawing(s)

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Recessed Eyewash


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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Sealants3 Sealants

NIH sealant matrix

Paintable vs. non-paintable sealants

Apply AFTER finish coatings are installed

Sealant detailing is important

MOCK UP detailed solutions

Workmanship is important

Sealant scheduleSeams and jointsPenetrationsJuncture between dissimilar materialsGaps too small to access for cleaning

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Neatness Counts!!Neatness Counts!!

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BSLBSL--3 / ABSL3 / ABSL--3 Equipment3 Equipment

Sterilization Equipment

Autoclaves

Tissue digestors

Bioseals

Capture hoods

Gas and vapor decontamination systems

FormaldehydeVHPChlorine dioxide

Require proven test results and efficacy testing


Bioseals

For all pass through equipment

Factory testing of equipment flange

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Bioseals

Special Details

Stainless Steel Barrier Panels


Bioseals

Challenges in Gyp Board

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Containment EquipmentClass II biosafety cabinetsClass III biosafety cabinetsPass boxesDunk tanksNecropsy equipment

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Equipment EvaluationAppropriate UseAppropriate LocationAccessories

Components, Details, SystemsComponents, Details, SystemsBSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Architectural Detailing4 Architectural Detailing

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Sanitary, monolithic surfaces

Durable materials and finishes

High-build finishes


Impact protection

Water / moisture resistant

Vermin / pest resistance

Air pressure resistant

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Partitions & Finishes4 Partitions & Finishes

Reinforced Concrete

Imbedded utility pathways & penetrations

Ultra-critical mix & curing procedures

Sandblasted to ensure finish adhesion

Pressure resistant construction

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Construction & Finishes4 Construction & Finishes

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BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Penetrations and Imbeds4 Penetrations and Imbeds

Steel

Used selectively in USA

Offers flexibility and accuracy for equipment / barrier interface

Can be adapted later in the process


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Air Pressure Resistant (APR) doors

Pneumatic and mechanical

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Doors & Hardware4 Doors & Hardware

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APR Door Complexity

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Doors & Hardware4 Doors & Hardware

Simple design & accessible for sanitation and decontamination

Stand off at walls for sanitation and decontamination

Suspended, mobile, or Freestanding tables

No sharp edges or rough surfaces

No void areas or inaccessible slots (e.g. shelving standards)

Durable finish resistant to disinfectants

Smooth, water-resistant counter tops (epoxy, stainless steel, phenolic) – no undercoatings

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Casework4 Casework

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Breathing air systems

BSLBSL-- 4 / ABSL4 / ABSL-- 4 Special Features4 Special Features

Chemical decontamination showers


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Effluent decontamination systems

Double walled containment pipe


Focus IssuesFocus Issues

-- Renovation for ContainmentRenovation for Containment

-- Challenges in Developing CountriesChallenges in Developing Countries

-- Maintaining Construction QualityMaintaining Construction Quality

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Renovation For ContainmentRenovation For Containment

How does it compare to new construction

Client expectations = new constructionDesign criteria = new constructionBiosafety criteria = new constructionSecurity requirements = new constructionDesign objectives = new constructionSF costs often > new constructionConstraints often > new construction


Limited Design Flexibility

Creating the Barrier

Accommodating Special Features

Inappropriate Utility Systems

Demanding capacities for Biocontainment

Poor Maintenance Accessibility

Difficult to keep maintenance out of containment

Renovation Issues Renovation Issues Effecting ContainmentEffecting Containment

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Restrictive Site Conditions

Impact on/to adjoining spaces

Inadequate Structure

Inadequate Headroom

Limitations on equipment selection

Inexperienced Designers & Contractors

Reluctant Neighbors

Additional Scrutiny for a Biocontainment project

Renovation Issues Effecting Renovation Issues Effecting ContainmentContainment……Cont.Cont.

Local MaterialsEvaluate use of local materials

ExpertiseDesign Specialties

Construction Trades

EquipmentAvailability – Long lead

Follow-up Service

The Modular OptionCost vs. Time

Challenges in Developing Countries Challenges in Developing Countries

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Local MaterialsEvaluate use of local materials for containment

Field fabricated vs. catalog items

First cost vs. maintenance labor costs


ExpertiseCapable design and construction services available locally

Need to supplement with outside expertise in specialized areas


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Equipment


Laboratory Equipment

Equipment


Vivarium Specialties

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The Modular Option


Full Turn Key Package

Time Savings

Quality control

Involve Local labor

Commissioning and certification

Maintaining Construction QualityMaintaining Construction Quality

Field quality control – mock ups

Coordination DrawingsLarge Scale or 3D

Value Engineering

Proven Technology

Neatness Counts

Construction Dos and Don'ts

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Field quality control –Mock ups

Adequate Scope

In Budget and Schedule

Timing – Before actual construction


Field quality control –Mock ups


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Coordination DrawingsLarge Scale or 3D

“Butterfly Drawings”

Combine All Trades

Confirm Access

Value EngineeringTeam Review

Consider project scale

Consider long-term effect

Putting back in is costly!


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Proven TechnologiesSafety First!

Contractor’s Abilities

Project Scrutiny



Utility PipingUtility Piping

Neatness CountsNeatness Counts

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Welded Stainless SteelWelded Stainless Steel



Neatness counts!Neatness counts!


Interstitial DeckInterstitial Deck

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Dust Collecting in HEPADust Collecting in HEPA Equipment ProtectedEquipment Protected

Does it Look right?Does it Look right?


Deformed DuctworkDeformed Ductwork Different Box typesDifferent Box types

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Does it Look right?Does it Look right?


Duct tape Duct tape BiosealBioseal Pipe through a DuctPipe through a Duct


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DosDosGet BSL experienced contractor or have contractor visit similar jobs

Have the right people on the job review shop drawings and submittals

Construct a mock up before its too late-for ALL finishes and penetrations.

Check equipment access and delivery paths

Protection of equipment and finishes during construction

Check work quality thoroughly and often

Commissioning (barrier integrity, security hardware, door interlocks, equipment)


Don'ts Don'ts

Burden the future operation of the building by accepting VE items that may not pay off in the long run

Skimp on the preparation of substrate for high performance coatings.

Have the sealants and finishes done by the wrong sub contractors

Forget the users during the evaluation of any construction issues that may impact them

Allow changes to the program after construction has started.

-- [email protected]@niaid.nih.gov

Part Two – Architectural Detailing and Construction

Questions?Questions?

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Thanks to Thanks to Uri Yokel, Uri Yokel, R.A. with LSY Architects for contributing R.A. with LSY Architects for contributing material and support for this lecture.material and support for this lecture.

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