Archaeology Cultural Heritage Long Marston

8/8/2019 Archaeology Cultural Heritage Long Marston

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Waterman CPM

Environmental Planning & Design

31 July 2008

Middle Quinton

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment

H3016a_01


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DRAFT 31 July 2008

Middle Quinton

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Assessment

H3016a_01

Quality Assurance Approval Status

This document has been Prepared and checked in accordance withWaterman CPMs IMS (BS EN ISO 9001: 2000 and BS EN ISO 14001: 2004)

Author TD Date 31/07/08

Approved BES

QA Checked AS

CCFF Sent Copyright : No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the permission of

Waterman CPM (WCPM)


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Contents

Summary ........................................................................................................................ iSection 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1

Section 2 Methodology ............................................................................................. 3

Section 3 The Site ..................................................................................................... 4

Section 4 Previously Identified Archaeology and Cultural Heritage........................... 5

Section 5 Documentary Sources Including Historic Maps and Aerial Photographs . 8

Section 6 Site Visit..................................................................................................... 12

Section 7 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................ 14

Section 8 References and Sources........................................................................... 16

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 National Guidance and Relevant Local Policy

Appendix 2 Warwickshire and Worcestershire Historic Environment Record (WaHERand WoHER) Sites and Listed Building Information

Appendix 3 Time Chart and Glossary

PLANS

Plan 1 Previously Identified Archaeology and Cultural Heritage(3016a/01 07/08 TD/TB)

Plan 2 Extracts from Historic Maps(3016a/02 07/08 TD/TB)

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Summary

S1 This desk-based archaeological and cultural heritage assessment has beenprepared by Waterman CPM Limited (WCPM) on behalf of The Bird Group ofCompanies Limited, to support the development of a new eco-town, Middle

Quinton, near Long Marston, Warwickshire.

S2 This assessment has been prepared in accordance with Planning Policy GuidanceNote 16 (PPG16) and Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 (PPG15). On a regionallevel it is in accordance, with Policy QE5 of the West Midlands Regional SpatialStrategy. On a sub-regional level this assessment is in accordance with savedpolicies of the Worcestershire County Structure Plan and on a local level, with the

Stratford-on-Avon District Local Plan Review 1996-2011 and the Wychavon District

Local Plan, adopted June 2006. None of the saved policies from the WarwickshireStructure plan are relevant to this assessment.

S3 The aims of this report are to assess the potential nature, importance and survival ofarchaeological remains and cultural heritage within the area of proposeddevelopment. The archaeological and cultural heritage background has beenassessed using the Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (WaHER) and theWorcestershire Historic Environment Record (WoHER), which hold records relating

to archaeological sites, chance discoveries and archaeological site investigations,and, listed and locally listed buildings. The history of the site has been documentedby a study of historical maps, books, articles and aerial photographs held at theWaHER and WoHER, the Warwickshire County Record Office and the National

Monuments Record in Swindon.

S4 This desk-based assessment has shown that there is some potential for Roman

remains in the north of the site. This is based on previous archaeologicalinvestigation carried out immediately north of the site.

S5 The assessment also uncovered limited potential for medieval remains relating tothe medieval shrunken village at Long Marston to the west of the site. Extensivemedieval and post-medieval ridge and furrow ploughing was recorded across the

site and its environs by the English Heritage National Mapping Programme. Thiswould suggest that any potential medieval or post-medieval remains are likely to beof an agricultural nature and are likely to have been heavily impacted by laterploughing and activity associated with the Central Engineers Depot.

S6 Although some potential has been identified by this assessment, it is unlikely thatany remains survive which would rate as of greater than local importance, and

these could be dealt with under a suitable planning condition through further

investigation and recording. Initial investigation could be carried out through a non-intrusive programme of geophysical survey, followed by trial trenching in the eventthat the survey identifies any potentially significant remains.

S7 A group of historic buildings were identified at Broad Marston Grounds, alsoreferred to as Long Marston Hamlet, in the southern area of the site. Althoughthese are not designated they are of probable 19th century or earlier date and

should be retained and restored as part of the proposed development.

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S8 Other structures on site reflect its use as the Central Engineers Depot fromthe1940s. None of these structures is of particular historic or architecturalsignificance, but some building recording may be required in advance of

demolition.

S9 The proposed development would no significant impact to the setting of an 18th

century building, Long Marston Grounds, which lies immediately to the north-eastof the site or on a group of listed buildings at Broad Marston to the west of the site.It is recommended that the landscaping associated with the development issensitive to these buildings.

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Section 1 Introduction

1.1 This assessment has been prepared by Waterman CPM Limited (WCPM) for TheBird Group of Companies Limited to support the redevelopment of a new eco-town,Middle Quinton, near Long Marston, Warwickshire. It sets out the results of an

archaeological and cultural heritage desk based assessment. The location of thesite, as well as the wider study area, is shown on Plan 1 (3016a/01).

1.2 The aim of the report is to provide a summary of known archaeological and culturalheritage information for the area, based on existing data and the analysis of historicsources and aerial photographs. The likely nature of archaeological deposits and

features, which may be impacted upon by any proposed development, is outlined.The potential impact upon built heritage on site and in the surrounding area is alsoconsidered. It follows best practice procedures produced by English Heritage (EH

1988) and the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA 2001) and contained in PlanningPolicy Guidance 15 Planning and the Historic Environment (DoE 1994) and

Planning Policy Guidance 16 Archaeology and Planning (DoE 1990). Relevantpassages are included in Appendix 1. This advice recommends identification ofthe likely presence and significance of any archaeological deposits or importantelements of the historic environment at an early stage. Local plans tend to reflect

this guidance.

1.3 On a regional level this assessment is in accordance with the Regional SpatialStrategy for the West Midlands and on a sub-regional level with the WorcestershireCounty Structure Plan adopted in June 2001. None of the policies saved undergovernment direction from the Warwickshire Structure Plan 1996-2011 are relevantto this assessment. Relevant policies are set out in Appendix 1.

1.4 The Stratford-on-Avon District Local Plan Review, adopted in July 2006 and theWychavon District Local Plan, adopted June 2006, set out the relevant localguidance for the district.

1.5 With regard to designated and non-designated archaeological remains Policy EF11of the Stratford on Avon District Local Plan states:

Sites of archaeological importance and their settings will be protected,enhanced and preserved. There will be a presumption in favour of the

physicalin situ preservation of remains of national importance, whetherscheduled or otherwise. Developers will be expected to assist in that processwhere such remains are affected by development proposals. Development

which would adversely affect such remains or their setting will not bepermitted.

In the case of remains of regional or local importance, the case forin situpreservation will be assessed against other factors including the importance ofthe remains and the need for the proposed development.

Those proposing development on sites which may contain important

archaeological remains will need to submit the results of an archaeologicalassessment/field evaluation with their planning application. Failure to supplysuch an assessment or evaluation may delay the progress of the application orlead to the refusal of planning permission.

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1.6 Regarding the requirements placed upon proposed developments, Policies EF11 and 11a state:Those proposing development on sites which may contain importantarchaeological remains will need to submit the results of an archaeologicalassessment/field evaluation with their planning application. Failure to supplysuch an assessment or evaluation may delay the progress of the application or

lead to the refusal of planning permission.

Where it is considered, in the light of expert advice, thatin situ preservation ofarchaeological remains is not merited, appropriate provision for an agreedprogramme of archaeological works will need to be made before planningpermission is granted.

1.7 Regarding listed buildings and built heritage, Policy EF14 states:The preservation of buildings listed as being of special architectural orhistoric interest, and their settings, will be secured through the followingmeans:

a) applying the presumption in favour of the preservation of listed buildings;b) ensuring that proposed alterations, extensions or changes of use to listed

buildings, or development on adjoining land, will not have an adverseimpact on the special qualities of such buildings or their setting;

c) requiring applications for Listed Building Consent include fully detailedand accurate drawings of the existing building and the proposed scheme;

d) taking enforcement action to rectify unauthorised and unacceptableworks to listed buildings; and

e) taking measures to ensure that neglected listed buildings are repaired.1.8 With regard to the Broad Marston Conservation Area, Policy ENV12 of the

Wychavon District Local Plan states that: Proposals for development within or affecting the setting of ConservationAreas will be required to preserve or enhance their character or appearance.

1.9 The other relevant policies of the Wychavon District Local Plan broadly reiterate thecontent of those of the Stratford on Avon District Local Plan and are set out in full inAppendix 1.

1.10 This archaeology and cultural heritage assessment forms the basis for any furtherarchaeological work, such as field investigation, should this be deemed necessary.



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Section 2 Methodology

2.1 This archaeological assessment is primarily a desk-based exercise. The sourcesconsulted include information held in the Warwickshire Historic Environment Record(WaHER) and the Worcestershire Historic Environment Record (WoHER). These

consist of records relating to sites and findspots in the area, listed buildings andreports relating to past archaeological investigations.

2.2 The WaHER, WoHER, Warwickshire County Records Office and the EnglishHeritage National Monuments Record were consulted for further records relating tothe area. Information noted consists of early maps, documents, secondary sources

and aerial photographs.

2.3 Previously recorded archaeological information, as well as details of designatedheritage in the vicinity of the site, is presented in Section 4 of this report. Thenumbers used in the text are those issued by the WaHER and WoHER. Information

from early maps and other historic records, aerial photographs and secondarysources are presented in Section 5. Section 6 discusses the site visit to thenorthern and central parts of the site.

2.4 Section 7 provides a summary of both known structures and features and potentialfor hitherto undiscovered sub-surface deposits. An appropriate approach to furtherevaluation and mitigation is recommended where relevant.

2.5 A gazetteer of WaHER and WoHER information is included as Appendix 2. Inaddition, Appendix 3 provides an archaeological time chart and glossary.

2.6 The locations of the known archaeological sites and findspots are shown on Plan 1(3016a/01). Plan 2 (3016a/02) reproduces the relevant extracts from historic

maps.



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Section 3 The Site

Site Location

1.1 The site is located approximately 8km to the south-west of Stratford-on-Avon andlies between 45 and 50m Above Ordnance Datum and is centred on NGR SP 16004700. It covers approximately 250 hectares (ha).

1.2 As Plan 1 (3016a/01) shows, the western site boundary is formed by the formerroute of the Hatton to Honeybourne branch of the Great Western Railway (GWR)and the Long Marston Road. The southern boundary is formed by open fields. To

the north, the site is bounded by the road between Long Marston and LowerQuinton, and the buildings of Long Marston Grounds. The B4362 from Stratford-on-Avon runs along the eastern boundary.

1.3 The site is occupied, in part, by the buildings of the former Central Engineers Depot.A rail system runs across the site, which formerly linked the Central EngineersDepot to the GWR. This is now used as extended sidings. The warehouse

buildings form two distinct groups one in the southern area and the other in thenorth. The north-eastern area of the site is occupied by a sports ground and thesouth-eastern area is occupied by a complex of accommodation buildings and afire station surrounding a former parade ground, now used as a car park. Thesouth-western area of the site is occupied by a large car park and scrap yardalongside the buildings of Marston Fields Hamlet and Marston Grange.

1.4 Outside the areas of the site currently taken up by buildings, the land comprisesareas of woodland and fields. There are two main open areas, the central area

between the north and south building complexes and the majority of the westernthird of the site.

Geology and Topography

3.1 The site lies on relatively flat land declining gently to the north. The underlyinggeology is recorded as waterlogged clayey soils and loamy clayey soils of theDenchworth association, overlying Jurassic and Cretaceous clay (Soil Survey ofEngland and Wales (SSEW 1983)).



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Section 4 Previously Identified Archaeology and CulturalHeritage

4.1 The archaeological and cultural heritage background has been assessed using theWarwickshire Historic Environment Record (WaHER) and Worcestershire HistoricEnvironment Record (WoHER). The Gloucestershire Sites and Monuments Record

(GSMR) were also consulted as all three counties lie close to the site. It wasconfirmed that the GSMR included no entries within the study area (D Overton andT Grubb,pers comm). In relation to archaeology, the intention of the search is tolocate known sites, which may be affected by groundwork associated with thedevelopment of the site, and to predict and extrapolate likely archaeological

conditions within the site area from finds made nearby. Regarding cultural heritage,the intention is to identify historic buildings within the site or its vicinity which arelikely to be impacted by the development proposals.

4.2

The location of the entries recorded on the WaHER and WoHER within a 0.5kmradius of the site are tabled in Appendix 2 and indicated on Plan 1 (3016a/01).

The numbers referenced on the plan and in brackets in the text are the WaHER andWoHER identifiers. The WaHER identif iers are prefixed by MWA or EWA, dependingupon whether they refer to monuments or events. The WoHER identifiers areprefixed by WSM. Appendix 3 provides a glossary of archaeological terms and a

time chart.

Designated Heritage

4.3 There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, World Heritage Sites, registeredbattlefields or parks and gardens within the site or the wider study area.

4.4 There are 22 listed structures within the wider study area. None of these lie withinthe site. These form two groups at Long Marston and Broad Marston. The longMarston group comprises eleven buildings the closest of which lies over 400m tothe north of the site. The Broad Marston group comprises ten listed structures lyingbetween 850 and 1300m to the west of the site. Outside of either group the Grade

II listed Long Marston Grounds farmhouse, which was built circa 1700, is recordedimmediately north-east of the site [WaHER 482976].

4.5 Within the Long Marston group there is one Grade I listed structure, the Church ofSt James which is of 14 th century date [MWA 1823] located 400m north-west of thesite. A Grade II listed group of seven chest tombs and two headstones arerecorded in the churchyard which date between circa 1650 and circa 1731 [WaHER

482981]. A second group of five headstones which date between 1700 and 1740are also recorded [WaHER 482982] along with a 17 th century Grade II listed Chesttomb and headstone [WaHER 482980]. Arborfield House, a Grade II listed 17th

century timber framed house is recorded on the WaHER 400m north-west of the site

[WaHER 482977]. The timber framed Grade II listed Court Farmhouse, which is of17th century date, is recorded 380m north-west of the site [WaHER 482985]. CourtFarmhouse has two adjacent Grade II listed barns and a stable immediately west of

the farmhouse [WaHER 482986]. A second farm building is recordedapproximately 20m south-west of Court Farmhouse which is Grade II listed and



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formerly served as a Manorial court house [WaHER 482987]. Orchard Cottages area Grade II listed pair of houses of 17th century date with later alterations and an ex situ circa14th window stand 500m north-west of the site [WaHER 482993]. ButterflyCottage, a Grade II listed house of 17th century date with later alterations standsnearby [WaHER 482978]. An early 17th century Grade II listed house called the

Kings Lodge stands on Main Street 420m north of the site [WaHER7558/482990].

4.6 The Broad Marston Conservation Area designated in March 1976 and revised inJune 2005 comprises two Grade II* listed buildings, eight Grade II listed buildingsand one locally listed building. The Priory, which is of 17th century date [WSM00864], and a cruck and timbered frame barn which includes material of medievaldate in its build are also recorded [WSM 35100]. Grade II listed buildings at BroadMarston comprise Broad Marston Manor, which was built in the 16th century and

extensively rebuilt during the 17 th [WSM 40321]. A dovecote is also listed at the

manor house [WSM 09010]. To the south of the manor house are The Priory andChapel House, which may formerly have been a chapel attached to The Priory

[WSM 00864 and 40322]. A second dovecote is recorded at Manor Farm [WSM00866]. Other Grade II listed structures at Broad Marston, within the study area,comprise three 16th to 17th century houses, Martins, Rowans and Nolans Cottageand the 17th century Shoulder of Mutton Public House [WSM40317, 40318, 40319and 40320]. These buildings lie at the western extent of the village along MarstonRoad. The WoHER records a locally-listed coach house at Broad Marston Manor.

The building is stone built with a slate roof and has a hayloft, suggesting that it wasformerly used as a barn [WSM27986].

Non-designated Heritage

Prehistoric

4.7 There were no entries of prehistoric date recorded on the WaHER or the WoHER within the site or in the wider study area.

Roman

4.8 A Roman rural settlement is recorded on the WaHER 50m north of the site. The settlement was recorded during excavations carried out for the Honeybourne toNewbold Pacey pipeline in 1999. The entry on the WaHER includes a probableditch and several pits [MWA 9139].

4.9 The WaHER records an undated possible enclosure within the northern area of thesite which is based on aerial photographic evidence [MWA 4569]. It is possible thatthis relates to the Roman activity to the north.

Medieval

4.10 The WaHER records the site of the shrunken medieval village of Upper Quinton450m east of the site. Earthworks relating to the village were noted on aerialphotographs at the southern edge of the current village [MWA 6452]. The shrunkenmedieval village of Long Marston is recorded on the WaHER 450m north-west of thesite [MWA 6450]. Both the WaHER and the WoHER record extensive ridge andfurrow cultivation in the area of Long Marston within and immediately west of the

site [MWA 6449]. The ridge and furrow, across the area, has been recorded fromaerial photographs. Their survival, within the site, after the development of the



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engineers depot and later ploughing, has not been confirmed. The areas of ridgeand furrow identified are shown as hatched areas on Plan 1 (3016a/01).

Post-medieval

4.11 A stone tower mill of early 19th century date is recorded at Lower Quinton 450m eastof the site [MWA 1817].

Previous Investigations

4.12 There are two previous investigations recorded on the WaHER; no previousinvestigations are recorded on the WoHER within the study area. The WaHERrecords the archaeological monitoring of a pipeline which ran east to west 30mnorth of the site beyond Station Road which recorded the Roman settlement [MWA9139 [EWA 7522]. A total 26km stretch of pipeline was executed throughWorcestershire and Warwickshire with a strip width of 25m. Archaeologicaldeposits and features were recorded at Long Marston over a length of 120m. A

number of second to 4th century AD ditches and pits were recorded containing an

assemblage of varied domestic wares. First century pottery was absent and it wasnoted that the majority of the material belonged to the 3rd and 4th centuries AD.

Other notable finds include a concave moulded plaster fragment recovered fromthe top soil which was of uncertain date, iron work and blown glass.

4.13 An archaeological record was made of the remains of the mill at Upper Quinton in2000 [EWA 6876]. The Lower Quinton mill was a stone tower mill built in the early19th century which ceased work by the 1870s. It was eventually dismantled to make

way for a housing estate in1951.

Undesignated Historic Buildings

4.14 Marston Fields Hamlet comprises a group of historic buildings of 19 th century orearlier date (see Section 6.11). These comprise domestic dwellings and ancillaryagricultural buildings Plan 1 (3016a/01).



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Section 5 Documentary Sources Including Historic Mapsand Aerial Photographs

5.1 The Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (WaHER) and WorcestershireHistoric Environment Record (WoHER) and Warwickshire County Records Office(WCRO) were consulted as to their collections of historic documents and maps

relating to the site and its environs. The collection of aerial photographs held byEnglish Heritage (EH) was examined, along with further secondary sources andNational Mapping Programme data, at the National Monuments Records.

Historic Maps

5.2 A series of historic maps were assessed in order to examine the development of thesite and surrounding area. The earliest available map showing the whole site is the1884 first edition Ordnance Survey (OS) map of Long Marston Plan 2 (3016a/02).

An earlier Tithe map of the northern area of the site exists, but the whereabouts ofthis plan is currently unknown.

5.3 The first edition OS map of 1884 shows the site as open fields with some tree linedboundaries and roads. Marston Fields Hamlet, comprising houses and

outbuildings, is depicted in the south-west area of the site, and is entitled BroadMarston Grounds. A stream crossed through the hamlet with two footbridgesmarked and a lane called Sharry Lane entered the site from the east with a secondlane located to the south-west.

5.4 The second edition OS map of 1903 shows three new buildings within the south-west area of the site. These buildings are currently known as Marston GrangePlan 1 (3016a/01). A footpath is shown crossing the site and a turnpike house ismarked on the Quinton road beyond the eastern site boundary.

5.5 The 1924 OS map of Long Marston shows a similar layout to the 1903 map. Twonew barns are shown within the western half of the site and two more had beenadded at Sharry Lane. Cattle pens had been added along the railway line at thewestern boundary.

5.6 The 1955 OS map of Long Marston shows considerable change in the siteassociated with the development of the Central Engineers Depot. A network ofroads and rail tracks is shown across the site connecting to the Honeybourne toHaddon branch line and a second complex of terminus lines are shown in thesouth-west of the site. A number of buildings are shown across the site which were

concentrated in the eastern area and Sharry Lane had been extended across thesite to connect with the south-western lane shown on the first edition OS map.

5.7 The 1969 OS map shows a decommissioned Central Engineers Depot. The railtracks appear to have been partially removed. Three large structures stood in thenorth-western area. A large factory building stood in the western enclosure whichwas surrounded by a number of smaller buildings. The sidings in the western areaare shown in a completed state and a sewage pumphouse is shown at the northernboundary. A parade ground surrounded by a complex of buildings is shown in the



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eastern area of the site; north of this was a sports ground. Sporadic trees andbushes are shown across the site and Broad Marston Grounds, now Marston FieldsHamlet, had been retitled Jordans Farm. The new buildings, shown in the south-west area of the site on the 1903 OS map, are titled South Dakota and NewBuildings.

5.8 Changes to the site and the surrounding area shown on the 1998 OS map arelimited. The factory structure in the north-east area of the site had been removedand two additional buildings are shown in the north-east area. A scrap yard hasbeen added in the south-west corner of the site. The villages of Long Marston andLower Quinton were largely unaltered at this juncture.

Other Sources

5.9 Documentary sources provided no evidence of prehistoric activity and one instanceof Roman activity in the study area which may reflect the limited amount ofarchaeological investigation carried out. The main source of information for earlieractivity is the archaeological monitoring of the pipeline carried out in 2000, which

includes a general appraisal regarding prehistoric and Roman archaeology inWarwickshire. To summarise, the appraisal states that, to date, there is scarceevidence for Mesolithic activity and little material in the way of flint tools or other

finds has been recovered. This may be due to poor quality local flint. Finds ofNeolithic and Bronze Age date, particularly sizable flint scatters, are also rare evenat the sites of prehistoric monuments. Regarding Roman occupation ofWarwickshire assessment of the assemblages of Roman sites in the countysuggest that Roman settlement occurred from the early 2nd century. The majority ofRoman settlements in Warwickshire are recorded from aerial photographs. Beyondthe wider study area are Meon Hill, a multivallate fort occupied in the Iron Age and

the Roman period and Ryknild Street, a Roman road which lies over 4km to thewest of the site. Ryknild Street has some associated road side settlement atUllington.

5.10 Both Long Marston and Lower Quinton are thought to be of medieval date. Quintonis first recorded as Quenton in 1221 and considered to mean the farm of Cwena.Marston is considered to mean Marsh Farm and is considered to be of earlymedieval origin (Place Names Society 1927). The medieval church of St James, at

Long Marston, has a mixture of perpendicular and Early English features. AGrange belonging to the Convent of Hales is recorded in the Domesday Book of1086 called Ridgacre at Quinton. The modified medieval church at Lower Quintonstill stands. The other buildings of the village generally belong to the 19th century

with some 18th century inclusions.

5.11 Long Marston parish was one of a number of parishes making up an isolated partof Gloucestershire until 1931 when it was transferred to Warwickshire (VCH 1949).

Whilst part of Gloucestershire, the parish was named Marston Sicca.

5.12 Broad Marston hamlet is first mentioned in the Domesday Book as beingsubjugated to Pebworth, which lies to the west. The presence of a moated manorat the hamlet suggest that it originated as a medieval homestead. TheHoneybourne area of Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, which

includes the site, has been noted for the extensive remains of medieval ridge andfurrow ploughing (Brooks and Pevsner 2007).



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5.13 The Central Engineers Depot at Long Marston was constructed as an army trainingcamp in 1940-41 during the Second World War. During the war the depot served

as a satellite to RAF Honeybourne. Many of the initial buildings were temporary andwere replaced in the post-war period. The replacement buildings were morepermanent brick buildings and large storage sheds used by the Royal Engineers.The Royal Engineers vacated the site and closed the branch line in 1999, sincewhich storage has been leased to private companies. Due to the post-war re-

development of Long Marston there are relatively few surviving war time structuressuch as Romney huts (Carrell 2007).

Aerial Photographs

5.14 A total of 83 photographs were identified by EH for the site. The vertical aerialphotographs span the period from 1946 to 1993. They show the early development

of the Central Engineers Depot, its completion and its use after decommissioning.The buildings comprise factory and warehouse structures with single and multiplepitch roofs and cylindrical storage tanks. Details of the buildings were examinedacross the series of photographs.

5.15 There was evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing on various photographs acrossthe series, with some elements visible within the southern area of the site. Thefields in the southern area of the site, outside of the Central Engineers Depot, latershowed extensive evidence of modern ploughing. Within the area of the Central

Engineers Depot, the tracks of military vehicles covered most of the area and arelikely to have obscured any underlying cropmarks.

5.16 The earliest photographs, taken on the 1st of April 1946, show the depot with railsystem and road network largely complete. Extensive parts of the south and east

areas are being used for vehicle storage and parking. The parade ground is shownwith surrounding buildings which differ slightly to the current layout. The area to thenorth of the parade ground has a complex of buildings on it. The only crop marks

on site relate to modern agriculture and vehicle tracks. The western area is

undeveloped. The buildings of Marston Fields Hamlet and Marston Grange aresurrounded by open fields which show evidence of ridge and furrow ploughingalongside the modern ploughing (RAF/106G/UK/1345/5356-5358). Later sortiescarried out in March 1993 show a scrap yard to the south-west of these buildings

comprising temporary structures and a concrete yard surface. The south-westerncorner of the site which comprises the scrap-yard, parking and adjacent woodlandwhich would obscure any indicators of ridge and furrow ploughing (OS/93056 183-187).

National Mapping Programme

5.17 English Heritages National Mapping Program (NMP) plot of features observed onaerial photographs was examined for the Long Marston and Lower Quinton area.

There are no cropmarks at the location of the site recorded on the WaHER as lyingwithin the site (MWA 4569). With regards to ridge and furrow the NMP datacontrasts with that from the WaHER which shows ridge and furrow associated withLong Marston extending into the western area of the site. Within the wider studyarea earthworks relating to the shrunken medieval village at Lower Quinton wererecorded. There are no earthworks recorded at Long Marston which would



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correspond with the shrunken medieval village recorded on the WaHER. Ridge andfurrow ploughing was shown across the fields of the wider study area on the NMP.



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Section 6 Site Visit

6.1 The northern part of the site was visited in August 2007 to assess the currentground conditions and topography and, in addition, to identify remains of previouslyrecorded sites or any hitherto unrecorded archaeological or cultural heritage

features of significance. Photographs of the buildings at Marston Fields Hamlet, inthe southern area, have also been considered.

6.2 The site visit did not identify the remains of any previously unknown above groundfeatures within the boundaries of the site.

6.3 Within the southern area of the site, the group of buildings which make up MarstonFields Hamlet, appear from photographs, to include a single storey 17th to 18th

century timber framed, brick built barn and an adjacent 19th century brick barn witha first storey entrance, accessed by a flight of steps. The remainder of the group

comprises later stone built 18th and 19th century agricultural buildings and a 19th

century red brick house which are either in a state of disrepair, converted or underconversion. The timber framed building appears to be in a poor state and maypossibly be becoming unstable.

6.4 The northern and southern industrial areas were linked by the rail system and roadsand the buildings across the site mostly comprised warehouses and Romney huts.

The northern area contained a number of warehouses. The western area of the sitewas occupied by railway sidings and the Long Marston Bowls and Tennis Clubwhich was derelict. The central area contained a number of newer warehouses andthe south-eastern area contained the accommodation blocks, a school building andthe army fire station.

6.5 The site was generally flat and may have been levelled during the construction ofthe depot. The rail system runs across the site linking to the Haddon toHoneybourne branch line and was being used as storage sidings for

decommissioned trains at the time of the visit. The road network across the site isbroadly the same as the depot network although some roads are no longer used. Anumber of deep holding ponds were inspected across the site, which wereconnected by water filled irrigation channels.

6.6 The warehouses of both industrial areas are light corrugated steel and Perspexstructures supported by a number of stanchions and simple steel roof frameworks.The buildings were open inside and generally had one or two sub-divisions forming

office rooms against the main walls. Since the closure of the depot, thewarehouses have been used by a variety of businesses, but appear to have beensubject to little development or alteration. The northern and southern groups ofwarehouses are those of the Central Engineers Depot. A number of new

warehouses have been built in the central area of the site.

6.7 The Romney huts are semi-circular corrugated steel sheet covered structuressupported by a steel tube curved rib framework. They are similar to the smaller andbetter known Nissen hut, but are larger and lack the T-section support of the Nissen

hut. They were used for stores and workshops. There were a number of Romneyhuts across the site standing alone or in groups of less than four. Most werelocated within the northern and southern areas. At the time of the visit they weregenerally being used for storage.



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6.8 Two other military structures were inspected during the site visit. A reinforcedconcrete and packed earth shooting range stood in the northern area of the site to

the south of the warehouses. The structure is around 5m tall and is filled with earth.A building which presumably housed guard dogs was inspected in the centraleastern area of site north of the access road. The building was brick built andcomprised two areas of kennels with animal access hatches or dog gates.

6.9 In the north-western area of the site, a small complex of brick buildings stood adjacent to the branch line sidings. To the south-east of these was the Long Marston Depot Bowls and Tennis Club comprising an overgrown tennis court and bowling green with wooden clubhouse. It seems likely that the small complex ofbuildings to the north served as the bar or mess.

6.10 The south-eastern area of the site was separated from the rest of the site by fencesand a water channel and accessed from the approach road at the east of the site.The army fire station buildings alongside the approach road consist of a main fire

station building and drill tower. The former parade ground to the south of the firestation has been turned into a car park. Three accommodation blocks stood to thesouth of the parade ground which were flat roofed and built of beige brick withwood trim. The mess building stood to the east of the parade ground. Both the firestation and the northern area mess building at the bowling and tennis club werebuilt in the same style. A school building stood immediately to the west of the

accommodation compound which was wood panelled.

6.11 The south-western area of the site is occupied by a small group of late 20 th centurywarehouses and ancillary buildings, which l ie in the south-western corner of asurrounding store yard. These buildings have no discernible architectural merit. Anextensive car park lies to the east of the warehouse compound, which issurrounded by woodland to the north and fields to the east. The 20th centurybuildings at Marston Grange lie to the north of these woods, comprising a largehouse, horse parade ground, swimming pool and outbuildings.

6.12 The listed Long Marston Grounds was assessed from Station Road. This building issurrounded by trees and lies opposite a copse within the development site.



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Section 7 Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1 A desk-based archaeological assessment has been undertaken for the proposeddevelopment of an eco town, Middle Quinton, near Long Marston, Warwickshire.The local archaeological databases, and other secondary sources, indicate that

there are no known sites within the area of the site and that there is little potential forsignificant archaeological features and deposits within the site. An undatedcropmark is recorded on the Warwickshire Historic Enrionment Record in the northof the site, but there was no evidence for this on aerial photographs consulted forthis assessment or seen during the site visit.

7.2 Archaeological fieldwork carried out for a pipeline in 2000 to the north of the siterecorded archaeological remains relating to a Roman settlement. The assessmentalso identified limited potential for medieval remains within the western area of thesite based upon evidence of a shrunken medieval settlement recorded at Long

Marston. No significant potential for other prehistoric or Roman remains was

uncovered within the study area. Limited potential for ridge and furrow was alsoidentified across the site. Any remains are likely to have been impacted byagricultural activity before the 1940s and the construction of the depot during theSecond World War. The latter does not apply to the southern area of the site which

lies outside of the Central Engineers Depot.

7.3 Although the site has been assessed to have low archaeological potential, theabsence of past finds may be a reflection of the absence of past investigation. Thediscovery of Roman remains to the north during the construction of a pipelinesuggest that sub-surface remains may lie within the site. However, given laterimpacts on the site, it is most likely that any remains could be dealt with through aplanning condition requiring further investigation in advance of construction. Initial

investigation could be carried out through a non-intrusive programme of

geophysical survey, followed by trial trenching in the event that the initial surveyidentifies any potentially significant remains.

7.4 The undesignated buildings which make up the hamlet of Broad Marston Grounds,in the south of the site, have local historic and architectural importance and shouldideally be retained and restored within the proposed development.

7.5 Across the site there are a number of post-war structures associated with the LongMarston Central Engineers Depot surviving across the site comprising warehouses,Romney huts and accommodation buildings along with a shooting range andkennel.

7.6 Nonetheless, the existing buildings on site have limited architectural or historicalimportance. It may be appropriate to complete a suitable level of building recording

in advance of the demolition of any structures.

7.7 The warehouses at the south-western corner of the site have little architectural orhistoric merit. There removal as part of any proposed development would notconstitute an adverse effect.



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7.8 The listed Long Marston Grounds lies to the north-east. This building is surroundedby woodland and although the development should respect its setting, nosignificant effect is anticipated. Listed buildings at Long Marston, Quinton andBroad Marston are screened from the site by intervening form comprising 20th

century development and vegetation.



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Section 8 References and Sources

Brooks A & Pevsner N 2007 The Buildings of England: Worcestershire China

Carrell S 2007 20th century defences in Warwickshire Gloucestershire

Department of the Environment (DoE) 1990 Planning Policy Guidance Note 16:Archaeology and Planning London

Department of the Environment (DoE) 1994 Planning Policy Guidance Note 15:Planning and the Historic EnvironmentLondon

English Heritage (EH) 1988Archaeological Guidance Paper: Desk-basedAssessmentLondon

Government office for the West Midlands 2004 West Midlands Regional Spatial

Strategy (RPG11)

Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA) 2001 Standards and Guidance forArchaeological Desk-based Assessments Reading

May T 2002 Military Barracks Buckinghamshire

Osborne M 2004 Defending Britain - 20th century Military Structures in theLandscape Gloucestershire

Pevsner N & Wedgewood A 1966 The Buildings of England: WarwickshireHarmondsworth

Place Names Society 1927 The Place Names of Worcestershire Cambridge

Place Names Society 1936 The Place Names of Warwickshire Cambridge

Stratford on Avon District Council (SDC) 2004 Stratford upon Avon District LocalPlan Review 1996-2011

Thompson P and Palmer S 2006An Inventory of Iron Age, Romano-British andMedieval settlements on the Transco Newbold Pacey to Honeybourne Gas |PipelineWarwick

Victoria County History 1945A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. III London

Victoria County History 1949A History of the County of Warwick, Vol. VLondon

Victoria County History 1901A History of the County of Worcester Vol. I London

Warwickshire County Council 2004 Warwickshire Structure Plan 1996-2011

Worcestershire County Council 2001 The Worcestershire County Structure Plan1996-2011 Worcester

Wychavon District Council 2006 Wychavon District Local Plan Worcester



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Map Sources

First Edition 1:2500 scale Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston 1884 SheetsGlos. III.8, IV.5 and III.2

Second Edition 6 inch scale Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston 1903 SheetsGlos. III NE, Warks. XLIX NE, Glos. IV NW, Warks. L NW, Worcs. XLIV NW, Glos IV

SW and Warks. L SW

Third Edition 6 inch scale Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston 1924 Sheets

Glos. III NE, Warks. XLIX NE, Glos. IV NW, Warks. L NW, Worcs. XLIV NW andGlos. IV.9

1955 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston Sheet 42 SP 14 NE

1969 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston Sheet 42 SP 14 NE

Explorer Series 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map of Long Marston 205

Soil Survey of England Wales (SSEW) Sheet 3: Soils of Midland and Western

England 1983



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Appendix 1 National Guidance and Relevant Local Policy

Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 - Planning and the Historic Environment

(PPG15)

A1.1 Planning Policy Guidance 16 (PPG16) has been supplemented by Planning PolicyGuidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment(PPG15). PPG15 is to beused in conjunction with PPG16, as expressed in PPG15 paragraph 1. PPG15 setsout the Secretary of States policy on the historic built environment, and providesrecommendations, many of which have been integrated into local developmentplans. The key points in PPG15 (DoE 1994) can be summarised as follows:

There is a presumption against the demolition of Listed Buildings; The desirability of preserving and enhancing the character and appearance of

Conservation Areas is stressed;

Alteration and change of use of historic buildings must be appropriate.Applicants need to justify needs for development against the significance andvalue of historic features; and

Planning authorities, where they propose to allow development which isdamaging to the historic built environment, must ensure that the developer has

satisfactorily provided for a programme of building recording or otherappropriate works, either through a voluntary agreement with thearchaeologists, or, in the absence of agreement, by the imposition of anappropriate condition on the Planning Permission.

Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 - Archaeology and Planning (PPG16)

A1.2 Archaeology is a material consideration in the planning process, and governmentguidance stresses the important role that LPAs have in safeguarding thearchaeological heritage through the development control process.

A1.3 PPG16 sets out the Secretary of States policy on archaeological remains on land,

and provides recommendations, many of which have been integrated into localdevelopment plans. The key points in PPG16 (DoE, 1990) can be summarised asfollows:

Archaeological remains should be seen as a finite and non-renewableresource, and in many cases highly fragile and vulnerable to damage anddestruction. Appropriate management is therefore essential to ensure that

they survive in good condition. In particular, care must be taken to ensure thatarchaeological remains are not needlessly or thoughtlessly destroyed. They

can contain irreplaceable information about our past and the potential for anincrease in future knowledge. They are part of our sense of national identityand are valuable both for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure

and tourism;



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Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not,and their settings, are affected by a proposed development there should be apresumption in favour of their physical preservation;

The key to informed and reasonable planning decisions is for consideration tobe given early before formal planning applications are made, to the question ofwhether archaeological remains are known to exist on a site where

development is planned and the implications for the development proposal;

When important remains are known to exist, or when archaeologists have goodreason to believe that important remains exist, developers will be able to helpby preparing sympathetic designs using, for example, foundations which avoiddisturbing the remains altogether, or which minimise damage by raisingground levels under a proposed new structure, or by careful siting oflandscaped or open areas. There are techniques available for sealingarchaeological remains underneath buildings or landscaping, thus securingtheir preservation for the future even though they remain inaccessible for the

time being;

If physical preservationin situ is not feasible, an archaeological excavation forthe purposes of preservation by record may be an acceptable alternative.From an archaeological point of view, this should be regarded as a secondbest option. Agreements should also provide for the subsequent publicationof the results of any excavation programme;

Development plans should reconcile the need for development with theinterests of conservation - including archaeology. Detailed development plansshould include policies for the protection, enhancement and preservation ofsites of archaeological interest, and their settings;

Decisions by planning authorities, in the face of proposed development, onwhether to preserve archaeological remainsin situ, have to be taken on merit,taking account of development plan policies and all other materialconsiderations - including the importance of the remains - and weighing theseagainst the need for development; and

Planning authorities, when they propose to allow development which isdamaging to archaeological remains, must ensure that the developer hassatisfactorily provided for excavation and recording, either through voluntaryagreement with the archaeologists or, in the absence of agreement, byimposing an appropriate condition on the planning permission.

The West Midlands Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) adopted June 2004

Policy Qe5: Protection and Enhancement of the Historic Environment

A. Development plans and other strategies should identify, protect, conserveand enhance the Regions diverse historic environment and managechange in such a way that respects local character and distinctiveness;

B. Of particular historic significance to the West Midlands are: i) The historic rural landscapes and their settlement patterns;



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regionally or locally important remains every effort should be made to preservethem intact. Where preservationin situ cannot be justified, arrangements should bemade to record those parts of the site that may be destroyed or altered.

Enhancement and Management of Archaeological Sites - Policy CTC.18

A1.6 The management, understanding and enhancement of archaeological sites is to beencouraged and where relevant should be taken into account by the Local Planning

Authority when considering development proposals. To assist in this DistrictPlanning Authorities should set out appropriate policies for their area within Local

Plans.

Areas and Features of Historic and Architectural Significance - Policy CTC.19

A1.7 Any development which would adversely affect those features and areas of historicand/or architectural significance which contribute to the character of the urban or

rural parts of the County will not normally be allowed. Such features and areasshould be retained and their appropriate management encouraged. Features and

areas include:

(i) listed buildings and their settings and conservation areas and their settings;

(ii) significant historic landscapes; and

(iii) significant buildings or features of local historic and/or architectural interest.

Reuse and Conversion of Buildings - Policy CTC.21

A1.8 In considering alternative uses which assist in the retention of buildings ofspecial architectural and/or local architectural or historic interest, the primaryconcern will be the retention of the architectural and/or historic interest that relatesto that building. Alternative uses will be supported provided that the building andthe proposed uses are compatible and appropriate to the specialor local architectural and/or historic character, setting and the environmental

character of the area. Conversions to residential or other use of listed buildingswhich adversely affect the special character and/or historic character of the listed

building will not normally be allowed. Where alterations or conversions do takeplace consideration should be given to the need for the recording of changes, asappropriate.

Stratford-on-Avon District Local Plan Review 1996-2011

Policy EF11

A1.9 Sites of archaeological importance and their settings will be protected, enhancedand preserved. There will be a presumption in favour of the physicalin situpreservation of remains of national importance, whether scheduled or otherwise.Developers will be expected to assist in that process where such remains areaffected by development proposals. Development which would adversely affectsuch remains or their setting will not be permitted.

A1.10 In the case of remains of regional or local importance, the case for in situpreservation will be assessed against other factors including the importance of the

remains and the need for the proposed development.

A1.11 Those proposing development on sites which may contain importantarchaeological remains will need to submit the results of an archaeological



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assessment/field evaluation with their planning application. Failure to supply suchan assessment or evaluation may delay the progress of the application or lead tothe refusal of planning permission.

Policy EF11A

A1.12 Where it is considered, in the light of expert advice, that in situ preservation of

archaeological remains is not merited, appropriate provision for an agreedprogramme of archaeological works will need to be made before planningpermission is granted.

Policy EF14

A1.13 The preservation of buildings listed as being of special architectural or historicinterest, and their settings, will be secured through the following means:

f) applying the presumption in favour of the preservation of listed buildings;g) ensuring that proposed alterations, extensions or changes of use to listed

buildings, or development on adjoining land, will not have an adverse impacton the special qualities of such buildings or their setting;

h) requiring applications for Listed Building Consent include fully detailed andaccurate drawings of the existing building and the proposed scheme;

i) taking enforcement action to rectify unauthorised and unacceptable works tolisted buildings; and

j) taking measures to ensure that neglected listed buildings are repaired.

Wychavon District Local Plan June 2006

Policy ENV10 Sites of Archaeolgical SignificanceA1.14 Proposals for development affecting national, regional or locally important

archaeological sites and their settings whether scheduled or unscheduled, willonly be permitted where proposals can demonstrate that the archaeological interestis capable of being preservedin situ and without damage to its setting. If this is notmerited, where the reasons for the proposal outweigh the intrinsic importance of thesite/remains or the setting of the feature and there is no reasonable alternative siteor solution to accommodate the development proposed, then the developer mustagree to an appropriate level of investigation and recording prior to and duringdevelopment and the subsequent analysis and publication of results and curationof remains. Applications for development affecting sites where archaeologicalremains are likely to exist should be accompanied by an assessment/survey to

establish the nature, condition or significance of any remains prior to the

determination of any planning application.

Policy ENV12 Conservation Areas (General)

A1.15 Proposals for development within or affecting the setting of conservationareas willbe required to preserve or enhance their character or appearance. Development

that would affect a conservation area will be determined having regard to thefollowing:



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a) the siting, position, layout and landscaping of new developmentproposals should respect traditional street patterns, buildinglines, existing landscape features including trees and hedges, plot

layouts and views into and out of the area;

b) the proportions and design of new development and alterations toexisting buildings should respect the context provided by adjacent

buildings and the surrounding area. Building materials must beappropriate to the locality;

c) changes of use should preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the area; and

d) the development should not involve the demolition of any buildingor feature that makes a positive contribution to the character or appearance ofthe area, unless the Council is satisfied that there is an overriding justificationfor the demolition proposed.

Policy ENV14 Settings of Listed Buildngs

A1.16 Proposals for development will only be permitted where they would preserve the

setting of a listed building.



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Appendix 2 Warwickshire and Worcestershire HistoricEnvironment Record (WaHER and WoHER)

Sites and Listed Building Information

WaHER/WoHERRef.

NGR(all SP

REGION)

Period Monument Description

MWA 1817 1759 4734 Post-medieval

Imperial 1751-1913

Early 19th century stone tower mill.

Three storeys high with woodenmachinery and two pairs of grind

stones. Now demolished but has

extant foundations. It was recorded aspart of EWA 6876 in 2000 AD.

MWA 4569 1596 4752 Undated Possible enclosure visible as acropmark on aerial photographs.

Located in Central Engineer Park, Long

Marston.

MWA 6449 15 (centroid) Medieval to

unknown

Ridge and Furrow cultivation

transcribed from aerial photographs.

MWA 6450 1534 4837 Medieval (1066-

1539 AD)

Site of Shrunken Medieval village of

Long Marston. Visible as earthworkson aerial photographs, outside of

current village.

MWA 6452 1774 4629 Medieval Site of Shrunken Medieval village of

Upper Quinton. Earthworks noted on

aerial photographs at southern edge ofcurrent village.

EWA 6876 1759 4734 event Archaeological recording of mill atLower Quinton carried out in 2000AD.

EWA 7522 30060 56600 event Transco Honeybourne to Newbold

Pacey pipeline. Unpublished report.MWA 9139 15975 47958 Roman Roman rural settlement, Long Marston.

Includes probable ditch and pits.Roman pottery recovered. Recorded

during a pipeline monitoring in 1999.



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WaHER/WoHER

Ref.NGR

(all SPREGION)

Period Building Description

WSM 00864 14192 46305 Post-medieval The Priory (formerly listed as Broad

Marston Priory) II* Large house mainly17th and 18th century on an earlier core.

WSM 00866 14002 46278 Post-medieval Grade II listed 18-19th centuryrectangular stone dovecote with gabled

ends. Red brick with tiled roof and a

square wooden lantern with entrancehole and perch in each face.

MWA 1823/482979 1528 4811 Medieval to

Imperial 1066-1900AD

Church of St James, Long Marston.

Has Quire (with early English andPerpendicular features) nave and half

timbered western bell-turret and south

porch. Grade I listed with 14th century

nave and chancel with 16th century

porch and a restored bell tower.

MWA 7558/482990 1519 4796 Post-medieval Kings Lodge, Long Marston. Stone

house of post-medieval date. Partially

rebuilt 19th century. King Charles isbelieved to have stayed there during

retreat from the battle of Worcester.

Has stone mullion windows with

continuous hood moulds.WSM 09010 14200 46300 Post-medieval Grade II listed Square stone dovecote.

WSM 27986 14025 46323 Post-medieval Stone and slate coach house with hay

loft over at Broad Marston Manor.

WSM 35100 14068 46318 Medieval Grade II * listed cruck and timber frame

barn, with ranges of late medieval and

18th century date.

WSM 40317 13990 46432 Post-medieval Martins, Grade II listed house of late

16th or 17th century date. Timber-

framed with painted brick infill,extended in painted brick to south.

WSM 40318 14025 46403 Post-medieval Rowans Grade II listed cottage 17th

century timber-framed and painted

brick, extended in painted brick eachend. Has a thatched roof with ridge

stack at original East end and East endstack.

WSM 40319 13923 46391 Post-medieval Nolan Cottage Grade II listed house of

late 16th or 17th century date. It istimber framed with painted brick and

plaster infill. And has a thatched roofwith central rendered stack.

WSM 40320 13958 46376 Post-medieval The Shoulder of Mutton public house,

Grade II listed and of 17th century date.

Thatched roof with ridge and end wall

stacks.

WSM 40321 14048 46306 Post-medieval Broad Marston Manor Grade II listed

manor house 16th century largely rebuilt

in 17th century. Built from Cotswold

stone with some blue lias. Has animitation stone tile roof with coped

gables.

WSM 40322 14135 46202 Post-medieval Chapel House. Grade II listed house,possibly formerly a chapel which was

associated with The Priory.

482976 16689 47574 Post-medieval Long Marston Grounds. Grade II listed

farmhouse built circa.1700 with 20th

century rear additions. Limestone

ashlar with dressed stone returns.

Building has three unit plan plus 20th

century rear wing. Has 19th century



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WaHER/WoHER

Ref.NGR

(all SPREGION)

Period Building Description

fireplace addition.

482977 15167 48109 Post-medieval Grade II Arborfield House. 17th century

timber framed house 1600-99, with late

17th century rebuild and 20th centuryalterations. Date stone in house reads

1685 AD. Limestone and brick infill.

482978 15077 48157 Post-medieval Butterfly cottage. Grade II listed house.17th century with later alterations.

Timber framed with plaster infill and

plastered brick outshut.

482980 15295 48108 Post-medieval Grade II listed Chest tomb and

headstone approximately 6m from theChancel of the Church of St James.

Chest tomb to John Cooper dates to

1643 AD. Gravestone circa.1700.482981 15269 48110 Post-medieval Grade II listed group of seven chest

tombs and two headstones

immediately south of Church of St

James. Circa.1650-1731 AD. Invernacular Cotswold funerary tradition.

482982 15275 4814 Post-medieval Group of five headstones

approximately 13.5m north of chancelof Church of St James. Grade II listed

1700-1740 AD.

482985 15022 47884 Post-medieval Grade II listed Court Farmhouse.

Timber frame with plastered infill and

brick laid to Flemish bond. 17th century

L plan with re-entrant block.

482986 14994 47871 Post-medieval Grade II listed two barns and a stable

immediately west of Court Farmhouse.

Weatherboarded timber frame. 17th

century with 18th and 19th century

alterations.

482987 15010 47858 Post medieval Farm building approximately 20m

south-west of Court Farmhouse. GradeII listed. Manorial court house now

barn. Datestone 1671 AD. Probablyrepresenting an extension to a 16th

century building. Coursed blue lias

rubble with some ashlar dressings.Has later alterations.

482990 15190 47973 Post-medieval Kings Lodge. Grade II listed housenow hotel on Main Street Long

Marston. Early 17th century date with

18th and 19th century. L plan buildingwith rear cross wing.

482993 15274 48236 Post-medieval Orchard Cottages. Grade II listed pair

of houses. 17th century with later

alterations and ex-situ 14th centurywindow. Timber-frame with plaster infill

and brick. One coursed rubble wing. L

plan.



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Time Chart

Palaeolithic c.8000BC and earlier Early stone age, early development ofman and earlier hominids.

Mesolithic c.8000BC - 3500BC Middle stone age, nomadic huntergatherer groups.

Neolithic 3500BC - 2000BC New stone age, first settled agrarian

communities and monumentalstructures.

Bronze Age 2000BC - 500BC First use of bronze, divided into early,

middle and later sub-periods.

Iron Age 500BC - 43AD First use of iron, divided into early,middle and later, some interaction withRomans and others.

Roman 43AD - 410AD The first historical period, with written

records, saw southern Britain subject toRoman government and culture (alsoRomano-British).

Early medieval 410AD - 1066AD What has been called the Dark Ages,the period from the departure of theRoman legions to the Norman

Conquest which saw the colonisation ofmuch of Britain by Angles, Saxons and

others.

Medieval 1066AD - c.1500AD From the Norman Conquest through tothe Renaissance.

Post-medieval 1500 - 1945 Everything in recent Centuries,

especially monuments relating to theIndustrial Revolution and the military.



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Terms

Air photographs Photographs taken from the air by archaeologists andother organisations such as the OS and RAF often showarchaeology on the ground in the form of cropmarks,

earthworks or soilmarks.

Archaeological value/

Potential

Value relates to known archaeology and is

synonymous with significance and importance, whilstpotential is a gauge of the probability of furtherarchaeology lying undiscovered beneath the surface.

Artifact (artefact) Catch all term for a discrete archaeological object asopposed to a site or debris i.e. prehistoric flint work and

later metal objects and ceramics, not pottery sherds orwalls.

Deposit A sub-surface accumulation of archaeological material.

Features Discrete remains forming part of an archaeological sitei.e. ditches, pits, hearths, and walls.

Listed Building Statutory protection for buildings with special historic orarchitectural value. Grades I and II* require consultationwith English Heritage where affected by development.

Grade II usually dealt with solely by local planningauthority.

Mitigation Strategy Preservation/retrieval of the archaeological value of adevelopment site through excavation, repositioning ofdevelopment or change in the nature of development

once identified through evaluation.

Preservation(in situ/by record)

Although current guidance advocates preservation ofimportant archaeologyin situ i.e. by not developing thearea, the alternative (especially with less importantremains) is to preserve by record through archaeological

excavation.

Scheduled AncientMonument

Statutory protection afforded to archaeological sitesand monuments deemed to be of national importance.Consent required from EH for activity impacting on thesite (SAM).



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Plans

Plan 1 Previously Identified Archaeology and Cultural Heritage(3016a/01 07/08 TD/TB)

Plan 2 Extracts from Historic Maps(3016a/02 07/08 TD/TB)


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482987482986

482978

482982482980482977

482990

48282

MWA7558

EWA7522

EWA6876

0

W

482987

482986

482985

482993

829 7

482981

482986

2978

MWA6449

482990

MWA7558

MWA1823

WA7522

MWA9139

EWA6876

MWA1817

MWA6452

MWA4569

82982

8298

MWA6450

W

WSM40320

See BroadMarston Inset

Broad Marston -

WATERMAN CPM

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey with the permission of the Controller of HMSO, Crown Copyright reserved.

c


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1st Edition 1:2500 Scale Ordnance Survey Map of Long Marston, 1884

1969 Edition 1:2500 Scale Ordnance Survey Map of Long Marston

Site boundary (approximate)

N

Drawing TitlePlan 2: Extracts from Historic MapsClientThe Bird Group of Companies LimitedProjectMiddle Quinton

Akeman Barns, Coln St Aldwyns, Cirencester, Gloucestershire GL7 5AWT: 01285 750555 F: 01285 750636 E: [email protected] W: www.waterman-cpm.co.uk 3016a/02 Drawing No

DateChecked TD/TB 07/08
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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www.waterman-cpm.co.uk

Archaeology Cultural Heritage Long Marston

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