ARCH 572: ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE II · 1.1 The AIA Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2 1.2...
Transcript of ARCH 572: ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE II · 1.1 The AIA Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2 1.2...
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ARCH 572: ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE IIEconomics
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AGENDA FOR TODAY
ARCHITECTURAL BUSINESS PRACTICES INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE?
HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION WESTERN WORLD ANCIENT EGYPT ANCIENT GREECE ANCIENT ROME MIDDLE AGES RENAISSANCE 17TH CENTURY 18TH CENTURY 19TH CENTURY
QUESTIONS
READINGS
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
What is Architectural Practice?
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
PROFESSION: is not commercial. A profession....
1- involves a store of knowledge that is more than ordinarily complex
2- is an intellectual enterprise
3- applies theoretical and complex knowledge to the solution of human and social problems
4- strives to add to and improve the stock of knowledge
5- passes its knowledge to novice generations, usually through universities
6- tends to organize in peer formations that establish criteria for admission, practice, and conduct
- Abraham Flexner Columbia University, 1915
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
Gary Cooper as Howard Roark in The Fountainhead, 1949
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE: must combine design, service, and business..
1- Design: - full range of planning for the best utilization of all a client’s (& society’s) resources including land, labor, time, energy, and money
2- Service: - independence / integrity in giving the best advice to the client - usefullness in solving the client’s problem in the best way - reliability in getting things done one time and on budget
3- Business: - over a given period a practice must function to make a profit - to have more income than expenses - Paul Segal Professional Practice, 2006, (pgs 14-17)
vi Con t e n t s
14 Research in Practice 89914.1 Research in Practice Overview 89914.2 Research Methods 91114.3 Research and Practice 92014.4 Evidence-Based Design 937
PA R T 4 CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS 951
15 Project Definition 95215.1 Defi ning Project Services 95215.2 Services and Compensation 96115.3 Negotiating Agreement 975
16 Risk Management 98916.1 Risk Management Strategies 98916.2 Insurance Coverage for Business and
Professional Liability 100716.3 Risks and Emerging Practices 102116.4 Dispute Management and Resolution 1030
17 Agreements and AIA Document Program 104017.1 Agreements with Owners 104017.2 Project Team Agreements 105517.3 Owner-Generated Agreements 107017.4 Construction Contracts 108317.5 The AIA Documents Program 1093
Appendix A: Allied Professional Organizations 1113
Appendix B: Glossary 1117
Index 1141
About the Companion Website 1166
9.6 Architect Developer 563 9.7 Emerging Issues in Project Delivery 577
10 Design Project Management 58410.1 Managing Architectural Projects 58410.2 Project Teams 60310.3 Project Budgets, Work Planning, and
Monitoring 62110.4 Project Management with Building
Information Modeling Processes 64110.5 Design Phases 65410.6 Construction Drawings 66810.7 Construction Specifi cations 68910.8 Bidding and Negotiation 70110.9 Construction Phase Services 713
10.10 Project Completion and Post-Construction 729
11 Technology in Practice 74011.1 Technology in Practice Overview 74011.2 Technology in Project Delivery Phases 75411.3 Small Firms, Small Projects, and Building
Information Modeling 76411.4 Collaborative Technologies 78011.5 Technology Management 78511.6 Emerging Technology in Practice 798
12 Quality Management 81012.1 Origins and Development of Quality
Management 81012.2 Quality Management in Schematic
Design 82212.3 Checklists 83312.4 Quality Management in Construction
Procurement, Contract Administration, and Post-Construction 847
13 Building Codes, Standards, and Regulations 85713.1 Building Codes and Standards 85713.2 Planning, Urban Design, and the Regulatory
Environment 880
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Foreword vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
About the 15th Edition of the Handbook xv
PA R T 1 THE PROFESSION 1
1 Ethics and Professional Practice 21.1 The AIA Code of Ethics and Professional
Conduct 21.2 Ethics and Architectural Practice 131.3 Design Beyond Ethics 19
2 Diversity and Demographics 272.1 Diversity and Practice Management 272.2 Demographics of Practice: 2012 AIA Firm
Survey 36
3 Career Development 523.1 Regulation of Professional Practice 523.2 Intern Development 683.3 The Career Paths of an Architect 823.4 AIA Continuing Education System 933.5 Participating in Professional Organizations 993.6 Participating in Architectural Education 113
4 Public Interest Design 1174.1 Socially Responsible Design Overview 1174.2 The Role of Architects in Disaster Response
and Recovery 1314.3 Architects in the Nonprofi t Sector 1474.4 Public Service and Community
Involvement 156
PA R T 2 FIRM MANAGEMENT 167
5 Organizational Development 1685.1 Architects and the Law 1685.2 Entrepreneurial Practice: Starting an
Architecture Firm 185
5.3 Strategic Planning for the Design Firm 203 5.4 Firm Growth and Development: How to
Build a Creative Culture 216 5.5 Leader Effectiveness 227 5.6 Ownership Transitions 237 5.7 Small-Firm Collaboration 252 5.8 Practicing in a Global Market 262 5.9 Developing and Managing Multiple-Offi ce
Firms 2755.10 Offi ce Administration 2915.11 Knowledge Management 3085.12 Information Management and Services 321
6 Marketing and Business Development 3326.1 Marketing Architectural Services 3326.2 Developing Marketing Strategy 3426.3 Public Relations and Communications 3556.4 Networking and Business Development 3706.5 Qualifi cations, Proposals, and Interviews 381
7 Financial Management 3967.1 Navigating Economic Cycles 3967.2 Financial Management Overview 4097.3 Financial Management Systems 4187.4 Developing Annual Budgets and Profi t
Planning 428
8 Human Resources 4448.1 Human Resources Management
Overview 4448.2 Compensation Strategy and Philosophy 4618.3 Recruiting and Hiring: Strategies and
Methodology 4758.4 Professional Development and Mentoring 487
PA R T 3 PROJECT DELIVERY 507
9 Design Project Delivery 5089.1 Project Delivery Methods 5089.2 The Architect’s Role in Construction Manager-
Constructor Project Delivery 5209.3 Integrated Project Delivery Overview 5309.4 Contractor-Led Design-Build 5419.5 Architect-Led Design-Build 555
Contents
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COPYRIG
HTED M
ATERIAL
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
American Institute of Architect’s Best Practices, 2015
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
ARCHITECT
OWNER / CLIENT CONTRACTOR
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ WESTERN WORLD ROLE EDUCATION INDIVIDUALS OWNER/CLIENT KNOWLEDGE MATERIALS/MEDIA
ANCIENT EGYPT - HIGH PRIEST- RULER
- APPRENTICESHIPS - Priests
- IMHOTEP- SENENMUT
- PHARAOHS - MATHEMATICS - STONE- PAPYRUS ROLLS - STONE RELIEFS
ANCIENT GREECE - DIRECTOR OF WORKMEN
- APPRENTICESHIPS- SCHOOLS
- DAEDALUS - GOVERNMENT - GEOMETRY- HYDROLOGY - HUMANITIES
- STONE- SCROLLS
ANCIENT ROME - DIRECTOR OF WORKMEN
- APPRENTICESHIPS - Trades
- VITRUVIUS- ANTHEMIUS- ISIDORUS
- GOVERNMENT- MILITARY
- CITY PLANNING- HYDROLOGY- HUMANITIES
- CONCRETE- MANUSCRIPT BOOKS
MIDDLE AGES - MASTER MASON
- APPRENTICESHIPS - Guilds- MONASTERIES
- VILLARD DE HONNECOURT
- ABBOTS- CHURCH NOBLES- MERCHANTS
- ALGEBRA- MECHANICS
- STONE- MANUSCRIPT BOOKS
RENAISSANCE - ARCHITECT - Artisans
- APPRENTICESHIPS - Guilds - Architects - Vatican Wkshp. - MANUSCRIPTS
- F. BRUNELLESCHI- L.B. ALBERTI- D. BRAMANTE- A. PALLADIO
- CHURCH NOBLES- MERCHANTS- MILITARY
- PERSPECTIVE- SKETCHING- ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS- HUMANITIES
- STONE- PRINTED BOOKS
17TH CENTURY - ARCHITECT - Institutions
- ROYAL ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE (Ecole des Beaux Arts)- TRAVEL
- ROYAL BUILDING ADMINISTRATION - Jean Baptise Colbert - Louis Le Vau
- GOVERNMENT- ROYALTY
- ANALYTIC GEOMETRY (DESCARTES)- HUMANITIES
- PRINTED BOOKS - Précis des leçons d’architecture données à l’École royale polytechnique
18TH CENTURY - ARCHITECT - Gentlemen Amateurs - Professionals
- APPRENTICESHIPS - Architectural Offices- TRAVEL
- SIR JOHN SOANE- B. HENRY LATROBE
- GOVERNMENT- BUSINESSES- INSTITUTIONS
- ENGINEERING- HUMANITIES
- PRINTED BOOKS - Manufacturing Division of Labor Infrastructure
19TH CENTURY - ARCHITECT - Architecture Firms
- APPRENTICESHIPS- UNIVERSITIES - MIT (1870) - Harvard (1899)
- ADLER & SULLIVAN- MCKIM, MEAD, & WHITE
- GOVERNMENT- BUSINESSES- INSTITUTIONS
- MATHEMATICS- HUMANITIES
- CAST IRON- STEEL- REINFORCED CONCRETE- PHOTOGRAPHY
20TH CENTURY - ARCHITECT - Architecture Firms
- APPRENTICESHIPS - IDP (1980’s)- UNIVERSITIES - Professional Degrees - Exams
- MIES VAN DER ROHE- LE CORBUSIER- EERO SAARINEN- MORPHOSIS- OMA
- GOVERNMENT- BUSINESS- INSTITUTIONS
- MATHEMATICS- HUMANITIES
- ALUMINUM- GLASS- PLASTIC- FIBERGLASS- COMPUTERS
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ ANCIENT EGYPT
Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut _ 1473-1458 BCE
(ARCHITECT)- High Priest- Ruler
OWNER / CLIENT- Pharoah
Djoser’s Funerary Complex _ 2630-2611 BCE
Stoa of Attalos _ 150 BCE Parthenon _ 488-432 BCE
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ ANCIENT GREECE
(ARCHITECT)- Director of Workman
OWNER / CLIENT- Government
Trajan’s Market _ 100-114 CE Parthenon _ 125 CE
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ ANCIENT ROME
(ARCHITECT)- Director of Workman
OWNER / CLIENT- Government
TRADE ORGANIZATIONS- Blacksmiths - Carpenters- Ironworkers - Stone workers- Brick makers
St. Gall Plan_ 9th CENTURY CE Notre Dame Cathedral _ 1163 CE
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ MIDDLE AGES
(ARCHITECT)- Master Mason
OWNER / CLIENT- Abbots- Church Nobles- Merchants
GUILDS- Blacksmiths - Carpenters- Ironworkers - Stone workers- Brick makers - Geometers
Sant’ Andrea _ 1470 CE & ON Saint Peter’s _ 1506 CE & ON
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ RENAISSANCE
ARCHITECT
OWNER / CLIENT- Church Nobles- Merchants- Military
GUILDS - Blacksmiths - Carpenters - Ironworkers - Stoneworkers - Brick makers
Versailles_ 17th CENTURY CE Louvre_ 17th CENTURY CE
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ 17TH CENTURY
ARCHITECT
OWNER / CLIENT- Government- Royal
GUILDS - Blacksmiths - Carpenters - Ironworkers - Stoneworkers - Brick makers
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ 18TH CENTURY
Bank of England_ 1788 CE US Capital_ 1803 CE
ARCHITECT
OWNER / CLIENT- Government- Businesses- Institutions
GUILDS - Blacksmiths - Carpenters - Ironworkers - Stoneworkers - Brick makers
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HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION _ 19TH CENTURY
Chicago Auditorium Building_ 1886-1890 CE Pennsylvania Station _ 1910 CE
ARCHITECT
OWNER / CLIENT- Government- Businesses- Institutions
CONTRACTOR
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ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
Questions?
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READINGS
REQUIRED:
1- Dovey, Kim. “Architectural Ethics: A Dozen Dilemmas”. Architecture Australia. 1989.
2- Segal, Paul. “CH 2 - The Parties in the Construction Industry”. Professional Practice: A Guide to Turning Designs into Buildings. 2006.
SUGGESTED:
3- Roth, Leland M. “CH 6 - The Architect: From High Priest to Professional”. Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History, and Meaning. 1993.