Arch 532_bim Handbook

7/25/2019 Arch 532_bim Handbook

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PennDesign - Architecture

Building Information Modeling BIM Handbook 2Autodesk REVITARCH 432/532 Construction Technology 2

University of PennsylvaniaFirst Edition (January, 2012- Philadelphia)Copyright Franca Trubiano + Allison WeilerGraphics + Content Editors: Franca Trubiano + Allison Weiler


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Building Information Modeling BIM Handbook 2Autodesk REVIT


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PART 0 INTRODUCTION - 3D MODELING, TOOLS + TIPS PART 2 ASSIGNMENT 2 - BUILDING STRUCTURE

2.1 Building Structure Typologies 2.1.1 Steel 2.1.2 Concrete2.2 Beams - Steel Beams, Joists, and Trusses2.3 Beams - Concrete

2.3.1 Concrete Beams, Girders, One-Way Joists2.3.2 Custom Concrete Floor Assemblies -

Wafe Slabs, Coffers2.4 Columns (Steel or Concrete )

2.5 Bracing (Steel )

0.1 REVITs dual Modeling Capacity0.2 Notes on Line Work

0.2.1 Line work for Modeling0.2.2 Reference Lines

0.2.2 Model Lines 0.2.3 Work Planes0.3 Modeling Custom Building Elements in 3D 0.3.1 Modeling New Families + In-Place Families 0.3.2 Family Editor-specic Tools0.4 Modeling New Geometric Masses 0.4.1 General Massing Tools (Conceptual Masses)

0.4.2 Modeling Solid Masses0.4.3 Modeling Void Masses

0.5 Editing Masses in 3D ( Tools)

0.5.1 Grips 0.5.2 The Gizmo 0.5.3 The Blue Dot

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PART 1 ASSIGNMENT 1- BUILDING MASS + FOUNDATIONS

1.1 Setting Up the Project and its Description 1.1.1 Drawing Sheet Layout

1.1.2 Dening Levels for a Multistory Building 1.1.3 Column Grids1.2 Conceptual Massing of the Building

1.2.1 Identifying the Volume Method 1 1.2.2 Identifying the Volume Method 21.3 Mass Floors1.4 Mass Floors to Material Floors1.5 Notes on Editing the Mass1.6 Foundations 1.6.1 Pads - Editing the Topography 1.6.2 Walls - Foundation + Retaining 1.6.3 Basement Floors

1.6.4 Footings 1.6.5 Notes on 2D work

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PART 3 ASSIGNMENT 3 - BUILDING SKINS/ENVELOPES

3.1 Building the Roof 3.1.1 Flat Roof - Adding a Final Floor Level 3.1.2 Flat Roof - Dening its Footprint + Mtl Assembly 3.1.3 Flat Roof - Skylight denition3.2 Curtain Walls - Conceptual Massing

3.2.1 Creating the Curtain Wall from Conceptual MassFaces 3.2.2 Dividing the Surface3.3 Curtain Walls - Custom Building Elements 3.3.1 Creating a New Curtain Wall Family 3.3.2 Selecting a Pattern 3.3.3 Creating the Wall Panel 3.3.4 Creating the Mullions 3.3.5 Loading the New Curtain Wall System 3.3.6 Applying + Adjusting the New Curtain Wall System3.4 Walls from Mass3.5 Revising the Mass - Dependent Assemblies

3.6 Shading Devices 3.6.1 Editing the Curtain Wall Panel

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Contents

PART 4 ASSIGNMENT 4 - BUILDING SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

- CIRCULATION, MECHANICAL + FOUNDATIONS

4.1 Vertical Circulation - Elevators and Stairs4.1.1 Creating the Perimeter Core Walls

4.1.2 Removing the Floor Slab from the Core4.1.3 Adjusting the Buildings Structure

4.1.4 Modeling Multistory Stairs in an Exit Stair4.1.5 Drawing Elevator Cabs

4.2 Buildings Mechanical Systems ( Detailing in 2D )4.2.1 Conditioning Air or Water4.2.2 Natural Ventilation

4.2.3 Day Lighting Control4.2.4 Articial Lighting

4.3 Foundations ( Detailing in 2D )

4.3.1 Retaining Walls4.3.2 Drainage

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PART 5 ASSIGNMENT 5 - DETAILING, RENDERING +PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

5.1 Modeling a Double Skin 5.1.1 Types of Walls and Notes

5.2 Exporting the Revit Model

5.2.1 Exporting to DXF 5.2.2 Importing into Rhino 5.2.3 Tips for Modeling

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APPENDIX 1 - PROJECT STATEMENT + ASSIGNMENTS

0.0 Project Statement0.1 Project Outline

0.2 Site Information 0.3 Building Design Parameters1.0 Assignment Building Mass + Foundations

2.0 Assignment Building Structure

3.0 Assignment Building Skins/Envelopes

4.0 Assignment Building Systems IntegrationVertical Circulation, Mechanical Systems + DeepFoundations

5.0 Assignment Detailing, Rendering + Performance

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APPENDIX 2 - SAMPLE DRAWING SET

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Acknowledgments

The production of Handbook 2 was made possible by the support of Prof. David Leatherbarrow,Interim Chair of the Graduate Architecture Program. Many thanks to him for his commitment tothis second installment in the series of Tutorials which introduces Building Information Modelingto Penn Design Architecture students. I am also thankful for the continued encouragement of

Prof. Lindsay Falck whose Construction Technology ARCH 532 will be the venue within which thispedagogical transformation will take place. Architecture students Patrick Morgan and Eric Hullhave been instrumental in translating the content of Handbook 1 and will be essential to the suc-cess of Handbook 2.

And as with Handbook 1, the completion of its sequel - Handbook 2, attests once again to theinventive spirit of student Allison Weiler who co-authored this work.

Many Many thanks !

F. Trubiano (University of Pennsylvania - 01.03.2012)


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PART 0INTRODUCTION -

3D MODELING, TOOLS + TIPS


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ARCH 432/532 Construction Technology 2 PennDesign Architecture

0.0 INTRODUCTION - 3D MODELING, TOOLS + TIPS

0.1 REVITs dual Modeling Capacity ( Building Elements vs Conceptual Masses)

0.2 Notes on Line Work

0.2.1 Line work for Modeling Custom Building Elements and Conceptual Masses0.2.2 Reference Lines 0.2.2 Model Lines 0.2.3 Work Planes

0.3 Modeling Custom Building Elements in 3D 0.3.1 Modeling New Families + In-Place Families for Custom Building Elements

0.3.2 Family Editor-specic Tools

0.4 Modeling New Geometric Masses 0.4.1 General Massing Tools (Conceptual Masses)

0.4.2 Modeling Solid Masses0.4.3 Modeling Void Masses

0.5 Editing Masses in 3D ( Tools)0.5.1 Grips

0.5.2 The Gizmo 0.5.3 The Blue Dot


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Revit software models buildings and

their components in one of two ways: by

using Building Element Tools and by using

Conceptual Massing Tools.

In Volume 1 of the Handbook - modeling

proceeded by using Revits Building

Element tools. The building model was

constructed using predened virtual

components representative of actual

building elements with measure, matter

and positional relationships. Modeling of a

wall meant that you inserted a virtual wallsuch that the drawing lines descriptive of

the wall contained data about the walls

material construction as well as its position

in the model.

At times, modeling a building to this degree

of detail is premature and cumbersome

for manipulating the overall model. This is

the case during the projects conceptual

design stage when building details are not

known and what is sought is the buildings

formal denition. In this case, it is useful to

use Revits Conceptual Mass tools. These

modeling tools dene a buildings volume

using solid and void functions.

Conceptual Mass Building Elements

0.1 Revits Dual Modeling Capacity

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Revits Conceptual Mass Tools can be used

to generate forms and gures that are

modeled without material or construction

technology information. When used to

design the overall gure of a building,

Conceptual Mass Tools allow you create

the line work depicting the buildings

organizational planes with geometry and

parametric relationships but without data

descriptive of its material construction.

These conceptual masses are used for

volumetric control and not for material

detailing. Only when these planes, solidsand voids are redened as walls, oors and

skins, can they then be inclusive of building

related data.

Conceptual Mass Tools are, however,

only one way that Revit generates new

geometries. The Family Editor, with its

own drawing tools, is another way that

new Geometric gures can be designed.

However, because these particular gures

are typically considered new Components,

i.e., partial segments of buildings, this

modeling method is recommended

for modeling new Building Elements or

Components rather than entire building

outlines.

Assignment 4 - Building Systems

(Circulation, Mechanical + Foundations).

This Assignment introduces the modeling of

a buildings vertical Circulation system and

the 2D detailing of its Mechanical systems

and Foundations.

Assignment 5 - Detailing, Rendering +

Performance Analysis

This assignment describes how to export the

REVIT model into Rhino for further detailing

of the exterior buidling skin and into Ecotect

for running a solar analysis of the building.

The assignments in this Handbook # 2 will

engage both Conceptual Mass Tools as

well as Family Editor tools for modeling

new Buildings Elements that are not part of

Revits predened Families.

Assignment 1 - Building Mass + Foundations.

This Assignment introduces Conceptual

Mass tools for the denition of a buildings

volume as well as Conceptual Floor Mass

tools for dening Floors. It also describes the

steps for modeling a buildings foundations.

Assignment 2 - Building Structure

This Assignmentuses Revits Building Element

tools to populate the model with the

buildings horizontal and vertical structure,

in concrete and/or steel.

Assignment 3 - Building Skins/Envelopes

This Assigment returns to the Conceptual

Mass Tools and to the Family Editor Tools for

modeling the buildings exterior building

envelope.

0.1 Revits Dual Modeling Capacity


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0.2 Notes on Line Work0.2.1 Line work for Modeling Custom Building Elements and Conceptual Masses

Revits modeling tools are dependent on a

set of drawing techniques that produce its

smart geometry.

1. Conceptual Masses made from Closed

Loop Planes, ( Solid or Void )

When creating a Conceptual Mass (Solid

or Void), Revit uses closed loop planes.

The designer draws a series of closed

loop planes that dene important planes

of reference for the building mass. For

example, closed loop planes can bedesignated as the bottom and the top

plane of a mass. See Fig. 1.

2. Conceptual Surfaces made from Open

Loop Lines.

To create a Conceptual Surface, Revit uses

reference lines to model the surface. These

2D lines may be sketched using open

loops. See Fig. 2.

Reference Lines and Model Lines.

For the drawing of all Line work, Revits

Home Ribbon offers the designer two types

of Drawing Lines - Reference Lines and

Model Lines. They are different in scope

and should be used in their appropriate

circumstances. (See Sections 0.2.2 and 0.2.3

of this Handbook)

Fig 1. A Conceptual Solid Mass created using Closed Loop Planes

Fig 2. A Conceptual Surface created using Open Loop Lines



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0.2.2 Reference Lines

When modeling new Building Element Components ( as when editing Family templates for Curtain Wall Panels )or when modeling Conceptual Masses,

it is important to understand the purpose and proper use of Reference Lines. Reference Lines are used for drawing and for placing or positioning

building elements within a model. However, Reference Lines function as a means of reference ONLY,they will not display in views other than the one

you are drawing in and will NOT display in printed drawings. For this reason, Reference Lines are used when drawing the necessary 2D reference

geometry needed for the modeling of Conceptual Masses, as they should not be visible after the Mass has been substantially modeled with its Building

Elements.

In addition, Reference Lines, when

automatically generated by Revit in the

template of a Family, are used to place

or position a building element component

within a model. Which lines are designated

as Reference lines for any given Family

type is different for each Family becauseof the particular denition of each Building

Element. For example, in the Door Family

Template, the green dashed lines are

Reference Lines which assist in modeling

the door and in placing it in the model.

When you create a new door type, it will

attempt to snap to these lines as part of

its denition.

When doors are placed in a model, you

can adjust their Reference Lines such as

that of its (height) using the Properties

Palette, and it will adjust the height of

your custom geometry accordingly. By

using these References Lines, a door with

the same custom conguration can be

applied, many times in different sizes and

orientations, based on the one new family

you created.



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0.2.3 Model Lines

WHEN TO USE MODEL LINES

Differently than Reference Lines, Model

Lines, when used in modeling a custom

geometry for a new Building Element

component or a Conceptual Mass,

become part of that geometry. As such,

they will be displayed in any and all views of

your model, and when the model is printed

( unless you expressly control their visibility -

see Section 0.3.4)

As already noted, line work used to produce

new Building Elements or ConceptualMasses can be either Reference Lines or

Model Lines. However, when using Model

Lines, all of the lines dene actual, physical

aspects of the models geometry - albeit

without Material denition nor Construction

logic.

Whether to use Reference Lines or Model

Lines must be evaluated by the designer.

For example, when modeling the over all

solid geometry of a new door, the use of

Reference lines is preferred because they

do not appear in the nal door model.

However, if you want 2D details on the face

of the door to be seen every time the door

is modeled, Model Lines should be used.



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0.2.3 Model Lines

EDITING THEIR VISIBILITY

Once Model Lines are drawn either in the

modeling of a custom Building Element

( as in this example) or in the modeling of

a Conceptual Mass, their visibility can be

further dened by controlling their Visibility

Setting. This allows you to determine what

types of views these lines are displayed in.

By selecting the Model Lines, and then

selecting Visibility Settings from the Modify

Ribbon you can bring up the displayeddialogue box. This allows you to choose

both what types of views the lines will be

seen in, as well as what detail level must be

selected for them to be displayed.

For a door swing, for example, you may

want the lines to display in Floor Plans at

Medium and Fine Detail Level.



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0.2.4 Work Planes

DEFINING AND USING WORK PLANES

One of the most common difculties in

drawing in 2D in a 3D environment is being

sure that you are drawing on the proper

plane (as dened by an x and y axis). This is

no different in Revit, but Revit provides tools

to help visualize the plane upon which you

are drawing. In Revit, the plane on which

you are drawing is called the Work Plane.

When you are in any model view, 3D or

otherwise, Revit will automatically dene

a work plane. In all plan views, the WorkPlane is a horizontal plane cut through at

the height of level you are working on.For

example, if you are drawing on the second

level plan, you are drawing on a at plane

at the second level.For Elevations, Sections,

and 3D views, the location of the Work

Plane is more difcult to ascertain. For this

reason, it is important to understand how to

show and change your work plane.

First, to identify the Work Plane in a 3D

Model View, from the Home Ribbon, select

Show (from the Work Plane section). Your

Work Plane will display as a blue surface.

Note.In the Family Editor, the Home Ribbon

will offer different tools, but will always

include the Work Plane tools.



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0.2.4 Work Planes

SETTING THE WORK PLANE

It is important that you know how to select

and edit your Work Plane. If, for example,

you wish to draw on a surface that you

created, which is not planar to an existing

view, you will need to set the work plane

on that surface. To do this, from the Home

Ribbon, select Set from the Work Plane

section of the tools.

In the resulting dialogue box, you will be

given the option of selecting a work planebased on an existing plane (such as a level),

selecting a plane from existing geometry, or

selecting existing 2D geometry and using

the plane on which it was sketched.

Most often, when modeling custom

components, you will use the Pick a Plane

option. With this tool, you may click any

planar surface in your model and Revit will

set it as the Work Plane. By doing this, you

can draw directly on the select surface,

even if it is not at a perfect vertical or

horizontal orientation.



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When modeling in Revit using the Building

Elements Tools, the program offers many

pre-made or pre-dened components

and assemblies to be used in 2D drawing

and 3D modeling. These are the typical

material assemblies regularly used in

the construction industry and in the

detailing of buildings. They include typical

walls, windows, structural components

and foundation systems whose industry

specications are well known.

There are, however, many instances whenRevit does not have the desired building

element component that you want to use

in your building. You are unable to Load the

element you want from the Families folders

and subfolders and no amount of Editing an

existing element in the Properties Palette will

allow you dene the building element you

are trying to model.

Design invention and innovation often

requires the designer to model custom

components such as custom curtain wall

panels and mullions, custom shading

devices, and custom slab congurations.

In this case, the modeling of custom building

elements is required.

0.3 Modeling new Custom Building Elements + Components in 3D

There are any ways to create custom

building element components, however,

most modeling procedures for making a

new custom element are, in fact, similar.

Required is the knowledge of how to create

a new Family and how to edit its denition.

There are two methods for dening a new

Family ( described in Section 0.3.1).

Regardless of which method used,

however, knowledge of the Family EditorTools is needed for modeling the new

building element within a new Family Type,

for dening its particular geometry and for

dening its materiality and construction

technology logic.

This would be the process used for dening

a new column type, a new beam type,

a new wall type or a new facade system

whose parts are custom modeled by you.

0.3 Modeling new Custom Building Elements


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0.3.1 Modeling New Families + In-Place Families for Custom Building Elements

CREATING NEW CUSTOM FAMILIES FOR USE

IN YOUR PROJECT

If you need to create a custom building

component for your project, this is done

by creating a new Family, using one of two

methods:

Method 1 - Modeling New Families. This

method creates an entirely New Family by

modeling a new building component that

can be used in your current project and in

future projects. This method requires you to

load the new building element into your

project once dened.

From the main Revit menu Select New

> Family. Revit will ask you to select a

template to use for the new component as it

assumes your new component is a variation

of an existing component. The template will

provide you with a set of Reference Lines

to help in building the component. These

Reference Lines will also assist you in the

eventual placement of the component

relative to your model (Reference Lines

are discussed in more detail in 0.2.1). Once

the New Family template chosen, you can

create the new Building Element using

the set of geometric modeling tools in the

Family Editor Ribbon.

Method 1 -Modeling New Families. Method 2 - Modeling In Place Families.



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0.3.1 Modeling New Families + In Place Families for Custom Building Elements

CREATING NEW CUSTOM FAMILIES FOR USE

IN YOUR PROJECT

Note: When creating a new BuildingElement that you intend to use on various

views and in more than one project, it is best

to create the new Element using Method 1,

just described.

Method 2 - Modeling In Place Families. This

method models the new Building Element

component within the project model you

are working on. As such, the denition of

the new member is specic to the particular

project you are working on. As a result, it

cannot be transferred to another model or

project. This method has limited use .

Select from the Home - Build Ribbon,

Component > Model In-Place. This will take

you to the Family Editor set of tools which

you will use to create the new entity within

the model.

Whether using Method 1 or 2, the followingis consistent when modeling a new Custom

Building Element:

1. Denition and creation of a New Family

Type (see Section 0.3.1)

2. Modeling of the new Building Element

as a new geometric mass using the Family

Editor Tools

Once the New Family type is dened, the

drawing work required to model custom 3D

Building Elements and Components from

scratch, is similar whether modeling:

1. A custom curtain wall and its various

panels, as discussed in Section 3.2, of this

Handbook.

2. A custom slab assembly such as

described in great detail in Section 2.3.2. of

this Handbook.

Signicantly, these modeling tools arealso the same as those used in the initial

modelingof Conceptual Masses that are

used to dene the Mass/ Volume of entire

buildings at the beginning of the design

process. (As described in Section 1.3 of this

Handbook )

The exact drawing tools are slightly

different, but the theory behind their use

remains the same.



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0.3.2 Family Editor-Specic Tools

FAMILY EDITOR TOOL SET

When you want to model a custom building

element or component because it is notprovided in the existing set of Revit Family

types, these new elements can be modeled

using the Family Editor specic tools.

Because it is expected you will generate

your own custom geometry within a new

Family, the Family Editor offers a more

robust set of 3D modeling tools than other

modeling tools found in Revit.

These tools still rely, however, on 2D lines to

generate the 3D geometry, but the ways

in which this geometry can be created is

more exible.

At right is shown the typical 3D form creation

tools that denes the Family Editor Tools.

They can be found either using Method 1 or

Method 2 described in 0.3.1.

EXTRUSION: Draw one Closed loopand extrude it along an axis

BLEND: Draw two Closed loops ondifferent work planes and they will beBlended (lofted) together.

REVOLVE: Draw one Closed loop to actas a prole, and an axis around whichto rotate the prole. Dene the angle ofrotation and the prole will be extrudedaround the axis to ll the angle.

SWEEP: Draw one Closed loop to act asa prole, and either an open or closedloop to act as a rail (a path on whichto extrude the prole). The prole will beextruded along the prole line.

SWEPT BLEND: Draw the path of thesweep, then the rst and second proleclosed loops. The rst prole will beblended along the path into the second.

VOID FORMS: All of the forms producedusing this tool are modeled as void forms.When a void form intersects a solid form,it removes the intersecting area as a voidform.



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0.3.2 Family Editor-Specic Tools

COMMON PROMPTS

For each tool that can be used to dene

a new geometric form, you are required toprovide a set of organizing planes used to

dene the geometry of said forms.

Regardless of which tool selected, these

prompts will be shown on the Modify

Ribbon. For the purpose of this example, the

prompts for aBlend formwill be described.

When you rst begin to model a new form,

Revit will default to a type of reference

drawing, which in the case of a Blend is

the base. You will know what reference

geometry you are drawing by the options

shown on the Modify Ribbon. Because a

Blend has a top and base curve, and the

Modify Ribbon offers the option to Edit Top,

you know you are drawing a Base curve.

In this case, the two curves can be drawnon the same work plane, and then its

height can be dened in the Properties

Palette.

While the individual options will be different,

prompts for the required reference

geometry for each of the form types

can be found on the Modify Ribbon, as

demonstrated here.


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0.4 Modeling new Geometric Masses

To model any new gure in Revit, it is

important to understand the distinction

between Solid and Void Masses.

In Revit, masses (descriptive of Building

Elements or Building Volumes) are not

created by only modeling SOLID forms in

additive process, they are also created

by modeling VOID masses in a subtractive

process. Both Solids and Void masses are

modeled using the same tools - it is their

denition as either a Solid or a Void that

determines their additive or subtractive

nature.

The following describes the modeling

of Solids and Voids for the design of

Conceptual Masses; being, building

volumes geometrically dened at the

Conceptual stage of a projects design.

Note. These Solids and Voids do not have

material denition nor constructional logic.

MODELING FOR CONCEPTUAL MASSES

When modeling a new geometric gure

dened as a Mass, this can take place in

one of two ways.



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Method 1. Modeling New Conceptual

Masses. This method creates an entirely

new Conceptual Mass that can be used in

your current project and in future projects.It requires you to load the new building

element into your project once dened and

will be Loadable in other projects. From the

main Revit menu Select New > Conceptual

Mass with the Drawing Tools offered as seen

to the right.

Method 2. Conceptual Mass Tools . Found in

the Massing & Site Ribbon, whose tools are

used primarily to model the main geometric

gure of a building within a project. The

main tool of which is the Mass in Place tool.

As above, when generating an In-Place

Mass in your project, the form creation

options are limited. Rather than offering the

full range of modeling tools for form making

such as Blend, Sweep, etc., you are asked

to draw 2D geometry without prompts, and

then given the option to create a form,from it, be it solid or void.

At right is the Modify Ribbon available

when creating a Mass. After one or multiple

sketches are drawn and selected, it

displays the Create Form (Solid or Void) tool.

Depending on the curves youve drawn,

Revit predict the form you wish to create.

This is described more fully in Assignment 1.

0.4.1 General Massing Tools (Conceptual Masses)


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Revit tries to predict what you wish to model based on the types of 2D geometry you create. If you draw one closed loop plane, an extrusion of that

plane will be automatically created by REVIT when you ask it to generate a Mass. If two loop planes are drawn on different work planes, a Blend will

be automatically created between the two planes when you ask it to generate a Mass.

For more complex geometry, it may be advisable to create a new Mass Family,so that you will be offered the full set of form creation tools available

in the Family Editor tools. (This however will not be required for the creation of your main building volume in the Assignments that follow.)

0.4.1 General Massing Tools ( Conceptual Masses)



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ADDITIVE GEOMETRY

All of the tools described above can be used to create Solids. Solids are an additive form of geometry, meaning they represent physical mass and are

seen as such in your model. When modeling a complex geometry, it is advisable to begin with a simply geometric solid. This element was modeled

using .................

Thereafter, if you which to further articulate the section of this particular mass, you can carve a series of voids within it, as described in the following

pages.

0.4.2 Modeling Solid Masses


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SUBTRACTIVE GEOMETRY

Rather than modeling the following form by using solid forms and joining them together, it is easier to conceive of the form as a solid, thereafter trimmed

by a void form. Just as when you modeled the Solid form, you can model Void Forms (as described in Assignment 1 ) which, when they intersect the

Solid form, subtract the intersection geometry. Void forms can be very useful, especially when used with other modify tools. Below is shown the resultof how one creates a void form and then arrays it along the length of a Solid to create a perforated gure.

0.4.3 Modeling Void Masses

0.4 Modeling new Geometric Masses0.4 Modeling new Geometric Masses

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0.5 Editing Masses in 3D - Tools

SCULPTING SOLIDS AND VOIDS USING GRIPS, GIZMOS AND BLUE DOTS

Once a form is created, you may want to make adjustments without generating new 2D geometry. The form can be selected and manipulated in a

series of ways to edit its 3D form. The three sets of tools you available are Grips,Gizmos, and Blue Dots

Fig. 1 Grips Fig. 2 The Gizmo


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0.5.1 Grips

EDITING MASSES USING GRIPS

Grips allow you to push and pull surfaces

along an axis.

When editing a form in the Family Editor, or

when editing a Finished mass, the grips will

be displayed.

They offer a simple means of pushing and

pulling faces without editing the reference

geometry directly.

It is important to note that when 2D

reference geometry is in place, that

geometry will be edited as the grips are

used to match the new form.

Fig. 1 Original Geometry

Fig. 2 Result of dragging the faces Grip

Fig. 3 Resulting Form Updated w/ Extrusion Geometry


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0.5.2 The Gizmo

EDITING MASSES USING THE GIZMO

When editing an In-Place Mass, you will

be able to use the Gizmo to edit faces oredges of your forms. To use the Gizmo, you

must select your Mass and select Edit In-

place from the Modify Ribbon. Once the

Mass is open for editing, you can select any

face or edge. When the Gizmo is displayed,

you click and hold any axis to drag the

geometry along that axis only, or click and

hold planes at the center of the gizmo to

drag along that plane.

Move on Blue Axis (local z)

Move on Red Plane (local yz)


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0.5.3 The Blue Dot

EDITING THE VERTICES OF MASSES USING THE BLUE DOT

When editing an In Place Mass, hovering over any of the corner vertices will make the blue dot appear. By clicking on this dot, the Gizmo will be

displayed allowing you to edit that vertice independently. Modeling your building mass by dragging the blue dot vertices will likely give you the most

variation in your geometry, however, be weary, for even slight adjustments to one vertices can create complex, unintended geometry.


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Part0


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35

PART 1BUILDING MASS + FOUNDATIONS


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1.0 ASSIGNMENT 1- BUILDING MASS + FOUNDATIONS

1.1 Setting Up the Project and its Description 1.1.1 Drawing Sheet Layout and Construction Documentation Set 1.1.2 Dening Levels for a Multistory Building 1.1.3 Column Grids

1.2 Conceptual Massing of the Building1.2.1 Identifying the Volume (Solid Mass and Void Mass ) Method 1

1.2.2 Identifying the Volume (Solid Mass and Void Mass ) Method 2

1.3 Mass Floors

1.4 Mass Floors to Material Floors

1.5 Notes on Editing the Mass

1.6 Foundations 1.6.1 Pads - Editing the Topography 1.6.2 Walls - Foundation + Retaining

1.6.3 Basement Floors1.6.4 Footings

1.6.5 Notes on 2D work

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Part1


1.1 Setting Up the Project and its Description1.1.1 Drawing Sheet Layout and Construction Documentation Set

In a similar manner as in the rst set of Assignments associated with HandBook 1, a fully articu-

lated Construction Document Set will be produced in addressing all of the design questions cov-

ered in Assignments 1 to 5 of Handbook 2.

Drawing Sheet Dimensions: 30 x 42

Include an edited, design and identiable Title Block + Sheet Layout

See Appendix 2 for a sample set

( NB. your drawing set will be greatly more detailed than the set here included).

FINAL DRAWING SHEET DISTRIBUTIONDWG A101 Two Rendered 3D images of the Final model in Perspective (Exterior View) with site informationDWG A102 Two Rendered 3D Images of the Final model in Perspective (Interior View)DWG A103 Two Rendered 3D images of the Buildings Section at the Buildings SkinDWG A104 Site Plan of the Building and its surrounding neighbors, 1 = 30 with Detailed Roof Plan @ 1/16 (with planting schedule for Green Roof or view of Roof Curtain Wall)DWG A105 Typical Ofce Floor Plan @ 1/16 (with Dimensions)

Lobby Entrance Plan @ 1/16 (with Dimensions)Mezzanine Plan @ 1/16 (with Dimensions)

DWG A106 Two Building Elevations @ 3/32

DWG A107 One Building Elevation @ 3/32 and One Building Section at @ 3/32 DWG A108 Two Building Sections @ 3/32 (including the min. 3 basement oors and retaining walls)DWG A109 One Detailed Building Section @ 1/8 ( with Annotations and all Vertical Dimensions )DWG A110 Two Partial Detailed Sections @ - Typical Floors (2 min) from the Building Skin to the Atrium OpeningDWG A111 Two Detailed Rendered Wall Sections of the Double Skin Faade @ in RhinoDWG A112 Two Schedules + one Energy Export

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CREATING LEVELS

To create a conceptual massing, it is necessary to rst dene the overall height of the project. While the height and number of Floor levels can be

changed later, creating a basic organization for the various levels of the building will assist in designing the conceptual massing.

To create new levels, open an elevation view and select Levelfrom the Datum Sectionof the Home Ribbon. Click once to start the level line, and again

to end it. Revit will attempt to snap to the ends of the existing level lines, so that the new level will align. To change the height of the level, you can

either manually move the new level, or click the level label, and enter a new height.

1.1 Assignment 1

1.1.2 Dening Levels for a Multistory Building

Elevation View

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Elevation View

Part1

ARCH 432/532 Construction Technology 2 PennDesign Architecture1.1 Assignment 1

CREATING LEVELS

Multiple levels can also be created at once by copying the existing levels, pasting them, and placing them above the existing set of levels. These

new levels will have the same relationship to one another as the originals, though their heights can be changed once they are placed. To change

the height of the level, you can either manually move the new level, or click the level label, and enter a new height.


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Elevation View


CREATING LEVELS BELOW GRADE

The same process can be used to create levels below grade, albeit necessary to rename the levels to reect their position in their basement. To rename

a level, double click on the Levels existing name. This will allow you to enter a new name to reect the Level as a basement oor. A naming convention

such as Level B1, B2, etc. is appropriate.


1.1 Assignment 11.1 Assignment 1

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Part1


CREATING PLAN VIEWS FOR EACH OF THENEW LEVELS

In order to add plan views of these new

levels to your Project Browser, go to the

View Ribbon and select Plan Views > Floor

Plan. This will generate a dialogue box,

from which the levels to be used can be

selected. Selecting all available levels and

clicking Ok will generate plan views of all

created levels.

This will allow you to generate oor plans of

each of the separate oors of you modelwhile you are modeling the conceptual

mass.


1.1 Assignment 1

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PLACING A COLUMN GRID

In preparation for introducing the buildingsstructural system, it is rst necessary to

determine the design of the structuralgrid. To do this, you will layout a columngrid organization which will determine thelocation of the buildings horizontal andvertical structural members.

To begin a column grid, open the planview ofSite Planand select Grid from theStructure Ribbon. Click once to start thecolumn line, and again to end it. Whendrawing additional grid lines, Revit willattempt to make them parallel to the rst.

You may decide to reject this defaultshould the plan of your building be non-orthogonal.

Keep in mind that it may be necessary toadd secondary column grid lines to addressa shifting grid through the building.

Laying out this grid before creating yourbuildings mass will allow you to makeinformed decisions about your buildingssize, location and placement of the void

(atrium) space. The grid can always beadjusted in the future.

Make sure the bays grid distance is aminimum of 20 feet and a maximum of 35feet wide.

Label one set of grid lines using numbers(1,2,3 etc ), label the opposing set usingletters (a,b,c, etc.)

1.1.3 Column Grids


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Part1


1.2 Conceptual Massing of the Building1.2.1 Identifying the Volume ( Solid Mass and Void Mass) Method 1

CREATING THE SOLID MASS

A Conceptual Mass represents the

volumetric outline of your above groundbuilding model within Revit. There aretwo methods to create the buildingsconceptual mass. Both will be described.

For our work, it will be necessary to rst createa solid mass, and then a void mass within it.And regardless of which method used, anychanges to the conceptual mass will bepropagated to any of the building systemsthat are dependant upon it - including thebuilding oors, structure and skin .

Method OneThe rst method assumes the volume isextruded from an original drawing planethat represents the buildings footprint.

To begin, in the Level 1 View, select In-PlaceMassfrom the Massing & Site Ribbon. Whenprompted, name the new mass as BuildingExterior Volume.

Once named, you may begin to draw thebuildings foot print. Using the Draw toolsonthe Modify|Lines Ribbon (will automaticallybe displayed), draw the Level 1 footprint ofthe mass in the view Level 1.

Ensure you are using the MODEL Line tools.when drawing the lines of the footprint.

1.2 Assignment 1

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1 2 1 Id tif i th V l ( S lid M d V id M ) M th d 1


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1.2.1 Identifying the Volume ( Solid Mass and Void Mass ) Method 1


Once the outline of the geometry is drawnon Level 1, select Create Form > Solid Form

to create the extruded geometric gure.

Look at your gure in elevation. The programwill have extruded a simple volume fromyour plan conguration. If satised chooseFinish Mass.

If not satised with the form, before selectingFinish mass, you can manipulate the givensas you see t for the volume you are tryingto create. You can use the Gizmo displayedwhenever a surface, edge or vertices

is selected to manipulate the selectedgeometric denition.

Once Finish Mass has been selected,planar surfaces of the form can be editedby dragging the grips displayed when themass is selected.

You can also edit the Conceptual Mass byselecting it and choosing Edit In Place onthe Ribbon . This will activate the Gizmo.


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1 2 1 Id tif i th V l ( S lid M d V id M ) M th d 1


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Part1


1.2.1 Identifying the Volume ( Solid Mass and Void Mass) Method 1

CREATING THE VOID MASS

To create the Void Mass inside the existingSolid Mass, you must edit the existing mass.

To do this, select the Mass and select EditIn-Placefrom theModify Ribbon.

To create the Void Mass, follow the samesteps to create a solid mass. First, usingModel Lines draw the closed boundary ofthe void on the Level on which the atriumshould begin. Then, select these lines and,to create the void form, select Create Form> Void Form from theModify Ribbon.

Make sure the atrium continues through

the top of the mass by manipulating thecreated void form with the Gizmo, asdiscussed in reference to the creation ofthe solid form. To do this use the Edit inPlacefrom the Modify Massribbon.

1.2 Assignment 1

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COMPLETING THE MASS

Once satised with the forms, both void andsolid, select Finish Mass from the Modify

Ribbon. Keep in mind that, if at anytimeyou wish to edit the original mass, you canselect the mass and select Edit In-Placefrom the Modify Ribbon.

This gure can be modied to createnon - orthogonal faces as desired by thedesigner and this is done by activatingthe Gizmo in the Edit in Place mode that islocated the corners of plane intersections .

1.2 Assignment 1

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1 2 2 Identifying the Volume ( Solid Mass and Void Mass) Method 2


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Part1


DRAWING GUIDE PLANES

In this second method the volumetric shapeof the building is effectively lofted from a

set of multiple planes rather than extrudedfrom one base plane. In this case it is rstnecessary to create the set of planes thatwill dene the mass. After creating theseplanes, both solid and void masses arecreated through a simple loft operation.

Remember, as previously, any futurechanges to this original mass will bepropagated to any building systemsdependant upon it. And here to, it will benecessary to rst create a solid mass, and

then a void within it.

Because guide planes identify horizontalgeometries inserted in the vertical section ofthe building, when drawing the set of guideplanes, you will be using the various planlevels. Begin with placing a guide plane onLevel 1 as this will dene the footprint of thebuilding at grade.

To do this, as with Method 1, select In-

Place Massfrom the Massing & Site Ribbon.Name the new mass. Once this is complete,begin drawing the rst guide plane. Usingthe Draw toolson the Modify|Lines Ribbon(will automatically be displayed), draw theLevel 1 footprint of the mass.

1.2.2 Identifying the Volume ( Solid Mass and Void Mass) Method 2

1.2 Assignment 1

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Thereafter, to insert more guide planeson other levels (registered in the verticalsection of the building), repeat the previousstep for making a guide plane. The numberof these guide planes is at your discretion.The more guide planes you insert themore the volume will be multifaceted in 3dimensions. These planes can be changedat a later time, and will update the masscreated from them.

Once these guide plane created, select allthe line work (in a 3D view, as it will allow youto view the mass once created) and select

Create Form > Solid Form. Revit will attemptto create a lofted form from the selectedcurves. For this reason, it is important that

Once the mass is created, any edge orface can be selected and moved using the

coordinate gizmo.


1.2 Assignment 1

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Part1


ADJUSTING THE MASS

When the model is selected and you arein the Edit in Place mode, you can edit thesize and orientation of any edge, surface orcorner of the model by selecting the Gizmoor the blue dot which appears when youhover over a corner. The face/edge maybe moved along a xed axis, or freehand,by selecting the center of the Gizmo. Thecorner of a building may be edited in anydirection using the blue dot.

CREATING THE VOID

Follow the same steps used to create thesolid form to create the void. If you wouldlike the void (atrium) to begin on Level 2,begin drawing the guide curves on Level2. The curves may not appear if the viewis set to Hidden Line, so it may be advisable

to switch the view to Wire-frame during thisstep.

Draw addition guide planes on additionallevels to create the guides in 3D.


N.B. When laying out mass and void, keep your column grid in mind. It you nd that the void youlayout does not allow for a logical structural layout per your existing grid, it may be necessary toadjust the form accordingly.

1.2 Assignment 1

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1.2 Assignment 1 ARCH 432/532 Construction Technology 2 PennDesign Architecture

ADJUSTING THE MASS

Once the guide planes for the void arecreated, as for the solid volume, select allthe line work (in a 3D view, as it will allowyou to view the mass once created) andselect Create Form > Void Form. The formcreated will appear as a void within thecreated Solid Form. Just as with the solidform, once the Void Form is created, itmay be sculpted by selecting and movingedges and faces.

Once you are satised with the massing,select Finish Mass on the Modify Ribbon.


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1.3 Mass Floors


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1.3 Assignment 1

Part1


CREATING MASS FLOORS

Once the solid and void volume have beencreated for, the oors of the volume willneed to be dened. The Mass Floor toolcreates the conceptual oor planes thatare dened by the volume - Mass and theoor levels created in 1.2.2.

These Mass oors are parametric such thatany changes to the levels or to the originalmass will be reected in the mass oors.

Note: Mass oors are conceptualin nature,and therefore do not have a material orthickness. The necessary construction logic

will be added in the following step.

To create Mass Floors, select the newlycreated mass, and from the Modify|MassRibbon, select Mass Floors.

In the following dialogue box, select alllevels to be used to create new oors.When nished, select Ok to create the newmass oors.

1.3 Mass Floors

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While Mass Floors are conceptual, andwithout materiality, dened oor slabs maybe created from them.

To do this, select Floor from the Model byFacesection of the Massing & Site Ribbon.Once youve chosen the construction typeof the Floor - from the Properties Palette onthe left hand side of the screen - select theFloor edges that you want to construct fromthe 3D View .

Select all Mass oors that shall becomemodeled oors. They will ne highlightedin Blue. Then select Create Floor from theModify Ribbon. This will create physical and

material oors from the selected mass oors.

Note: You could also create each of theoors that belong to this Mass by using theStructure - Floor Toolin the Structure Ribbon.This, however,is the tool more typical ofRevits modeling prole that uses buildingelements to create the virtual model; thatis, the method used in Volume 1 of theHandbook.

Keep in mind that the construction of these

oors can be determined/changed in theProperties Palette.

1.4 Assignment 1

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CREATING AND EDITING FLOOR ASSEMBLIES

You can edit the construction type of the slab of your oor assembly. In most multistory buildings, oor slabs are constructed using Concrete or

Concrete/ Steel decks and this is the range of materials we will use in this assignment. To Edit the Floor type, select any one of the created oors, and

select Edit Type on the Properties Palette.

Select from these Floor Slab Types: Reinforced Concrete Slabs 6, 8 or 10 thick, or Metal Deck with Concrete Fill 6, 7, 8 thick

1.4 Assignment 1

Part1

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LOADING NEW FLOOR SLAB ASSEMBLIESMany typical oor assemblies are loaded into your project, however, you may wish to make adjustments to one of these assemblies, or create one ofyour own. Just as with a new wall assembly, duplicating an existing oor will allow you to create a new oor, based on an existing one. To change theconstruction of this new oor, select Edit from the Structure line item.In the following dialogue box the materials and depth of the oor construction canbe dened. Once created, the new oor assembly can be applied to the existing oors.

Additional, pre-determined oor construction can also be loaded into the project by selecting Load from the Edit Type dialogue box, as shown below.

To change all oor assemblies at one time, right click on any one, from the drop down menu select Select All Instances > In Entire Project. Onceselected, the construction type can be changed in the Properties Palette.

1.4 Assignment 1

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Part1


NOTES ON FLOOR ASSEMBLIES ANDSTRUCTURE

In the image at right the choice of oor

assemblies includes both monolithicslabs of concrete or concrete/steel deck

or assemblies which are made from a

combination of slab and beam elements.

The LW Concrete on Metal Deckassembly

is effectively only a slab entity whereas the

Steel Bar Joists on Concrete represents a

Slab and Beam System.

For the purposes of our work select only

the slab depth entity ( which may include

a concrete slab and the steel deck within

which the slab is poured) .

The individual Beams/Joists will be modeled

as separate beam systems whether made

of steel or concrete. This is the same method

we used when framing the wood joists in

Volume 1.

See Section 2.3 of this Revit Handbook -

Volume 2

1.4 Assignment 1

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1.5 Notes on Editing the Mass


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PROPAGATING CHANGES IN THE MASS

It is important to note that when the volumeof the model ( that is the Conceptual Mass)is updated or changed through the process

of design, it will be necessary to updateany building systems created through arelationship to that mass.

For example, if, through the process ofdeveloping the structural grid, changeswere made to the original conceptualmass, it will be necessary to update theoors. The edges of the oors of the buildingwill not be automatically updated whenthe vertical faces of the mass are edited.

To ensure they are updated, select any ofthe oors that need to be edited, and onthe Modify Ribbon select Update to Face.This will update the selected assembliesto reect the changes in the originalconceptual mass. Note that this only appliesto building assemblies (oors, walls, etc.)and not conceptual massing tools such asMass Floors. These will update automaticallyas the mass is edited.

1.5 Assignment 1

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1.6 Foundations


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Part1


NOTES ON MODELING FOUNDATIONS FOR AMULTISTORY BUILDING IN REVIT

Modeling foundations in REVIT involves both

3D and 2D work for representing both thebuildings substructure construction and its

larger site.

In modeling the buildings foundation:

Step 1.Insert Revits Pad- for removing the

site material (soil) beneath the building to

make room for both the foundation and the

soils retaining walls. This redenes the sites

topography.

Step 2. Model Retaining Walls for the soils

excavation + Insert Perimeter Foundation

Wallsfor supporting the superstructure

Step 3.Model the Basement oor slabs.

Step 4. Insert Wall Footings + Column

Footings

Step 5. Detail the foundationsand retaining

wall elements in 2D (This is covered in

Assignment 4).

IMAGE - FOUNDATION PORTION OF THEMODEL ( ALLISON) IN 2D WITH THE DEEP

FOUNDATION

See Francis Chings,Building Construction Illustrated

Foundation Systems Section 3.02, 3.03, 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07

Concrete Walls Section 5.06, 5.07

1.5 Assignment 1

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1.6.1 Pads - Editing the Topography


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INSERTING THE REVIT PAD THAT CHANGESTHE SOILS TOPOGRAPHY

As we did last semester in Assignment 1,when creating the Basement of the Row

Home addition, the rst step required inlaying out the foundations of your ofcebuilding involves removal of the site material((i.e. the soil) that must be excavated belowthe Conceptual Mass youve designed.

The act of excavating the site andrepositioning its topography is modeledusing a site pad. For specic instructionsregarding the creation of this pad, seeHandbook 1, Section __________.

Remember to edit the footprint of the padto ensure it extends beyond the edge ofthe buildings Conceptual Mass. It needsto extend far enough to make room for theperimeter retaining walls used to hold backthe excavated soil. To this end, extend thepad 18 beyond the buildings footprint onall 4 sides of the pad.

Location of PAD - Depressing the Topography for thefull excavation of the site

1.6 Assignment 1

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1.6.2 Walls - Retaining + Foundation


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Part1


RETAINING WALLS + FOUNDATION WALLS

A building site excavated for foundationsrequires the insertion of RetainingWalls below grade and thereafter the

introduction of perimeter Foundation Wallsfor supporting the building above ground.Both of these will be modeled in 3D in Revit.

Once the geometry of the Walls modeled,select the proper wall type for eachassembly, and ensure they are properlyoriented relative to the building and the site.Both walls are modeled and edited usingthe same Wall Tools as previously describedin Handbook 1 - Section .......

For Assignment 1:1. Model a full set of Retaining Wallsalong the perimeter opening of the soilexcavation. A minimum of 12 thick and asdeep as needed for meeting the depth ofthe buildings footings.

2. Thereafter, to support the building, insertperimeter Foundation Wallsunderneath theexterior edge of the Conceptual Mass youmodeled.Ensure in 3D and Section Views your wallsextend to the appropriate depth ( from theunderside of the lowest basement oor tothe rst level at grade). These parameterscan be found in the Properties Palette ofthe Walls in question.

Remember: At the base of the foundation walls, add an offset to makeroom for the slab (i.e., if you plan on having a basement slab of 12, adda - 12 offset to the base of your foundation walls. )

1.6 Assignment 1

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1.6.3 Basement Floors


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MODELING BASEMENT FLOORSHaving located the exact boundary of your basement enclosure with foundation walls, you can place the basement oors within these walls. Unlike theabove grade oors, which were created using Floor Masses that were then identied with Material, the basement oors are created by simply drawingtheir boundary using the Home > Build> Floor Tool.

When drawing basement oors, ensure they meet the inside face of the basement walls. If each slab has the same footprint, you can draw only one,copy it and then, on the Modify ribbon, select Paste > Aligned to Selected Levels. This will allow you to duplicate the oors on additional levels.

For this assignment, you will model only the oor slabs. The Columns and Beams also needed to dene the buildings structure will be added inAssignment 2 - Building Structure.

Remember to add a nal Slab at the base of the building where the PAD is positioned. Below this slab will be located the build ings footings .

1.6 Assignment 1

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1.6.4 Footings ( for Walls + Columns )


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Part1


ADDING FOOTINGS TO FOUNDATION WALLS+ COLUMNS

Footings are needed for supporting boththe perimeter foundation walls and the

columns positioned at the intersection ofgrid lines.

Similar to Assignment 1 in the Row Houseaddition, continuous footings will bemodeled under the perimeter foundationwalls of your Conceptual Mass. The processof adding footings and dening theirconstruction is described in Handbook 1,Section _______.

Given the size of your building, you will also

need to introduce spot footings under thecolumns located wherever two grid linesintersect. These are considered isolatedfootings and are positioned beneaththe nal set of columns in your basementsubstructure.

As you have no columns modeled in yourproject as of yet, use the basement gridlayout to identify where in plan your isolatedfootings should be located.

When adding footings to the base of yourfoundation walls and columns, ensure theyhave the correct relationship to the nalbasement slab. They should be modeledon the nal Basement Level.

All footing dimensions are given Appendix2. Assignment 1.

1. Show the basement plan with Grid lines

2. Point out the continuous linear footings under the perimeter

foundation wall

3. position a pad footing under column grid intersections

1.6 Assignment 1

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1.6.5 Notes on 2D Detailing


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2D DETAILING VS. 3D MODELING

The Building Section which results from themodeling of the substructure does not

include all of the information required fordescribing the retaining walls, foundationwalls, footings and drainage.

There is information missing in whatconcerns the proper representation of thebuildings substructure.

Detailed Components such as tiebacks (forholding back the earth), caissons + piles(to transfer building weight to stable soil),drainage, etc., are best represented in two-

dimensions in a project of this scale.

These 2D items will be added in Assignment4, when you detail your large and highlyarticulated building section.

IMAGE - FOUNDATION PORTION OF ONE OFLINDSAYS DRAWINGS

1.6 Assignment 1

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PART 2BUILDING STRUCTURE


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2.1 Building Structure Typologies

In Assignment 1 you modeled the Floor Slab FRAMINGCONCEPTS MATERIALS + THEIR STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES


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Part2


In Assignment 1, you modeled the Floor Slab

for both the Superstructure ( above grade)

and the Substructure (below grade ) of your

building.

However, the denition of the oor as it

stands, whether dened, as a concrete

slab or a concrete slab on metal deck, is

not sufcient for supporting the weight of

each oor.

Required is a set of an additional horizontal

spanning members (beams, girders, joists,

or wafes) that are attached to the slab

and that carry the weight of each structural

bay to the vertical columns, regardless of

whether the building will have a concrete

or steel structure.

If the oors of your Conceptual Mass were

dened as concrete slabs, use concrete

structural members (horizontal and vertical)

If the oors of your Conceptual Mass weredened as concrete and metal deck, use

steel structural members ( horizontal and

vertical).

When using Steel Vertical columns - you will

need to brace your bays with bracing.

FRAMING CONCEPTS

In the modeling of your building, employ the

full range of framing concepts available to

you. Framing concepts organize the way

in which horizontal members transfer theirweight to their vertical counterparts.

These may include the use of:

1. typical and nontypical structural

bays (square, rectangular, triangular or

parallelogram),

2. cantilevers,

3. the framing of openings such as that

required for the atrium

4. the use of bracing as an architectural

principle

5. the use of oor deep trusses for supporting

every second oor.

See Francis Ching, Building Construction

Illustratedfor reference:

Structural Units 2.19Structural Spans 2.10

Structural Patterns 2.11

Lateral Stability 2.22 - 2.23

Floor Systems 4.02 - 4.03

MATERIALS + THEIR STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES

1. Only use Concrete for the Basement

Substructure; using Concrete Slabs,

Beams, Girders, One way Joists and/or

Wafe Slabs.2. Use either Steel or Concrete for the

Superstructure.

STEEL SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. Both Horizontal and Vertical Members

must be Steel.

2. Horizontal Members can be made of

beams, girders, open web steel joists, grid

trusses.

3. Vertical Members can be made of

H-Columns, or Round or Square Hollow

Steel Columns.

CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURE

1. Both Horizontal and Vertical Members

must be made of Concrete.

2. Horizontal Members can be made of

beams, girders, one way joists, or wafe

slabs.3. Vertical Members can be made of

Round or Square Concrete Columns.

Regardless of material, columns do not

have to be entirely perpendicular to the

oor plate.

2.1 Assignment 2

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2.1.1 Building Structure Typologies - Steel

STEEL STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES HORIZONTAL+VERTICALFRAMINGMEMBERSFLOOR SLAB


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STEEL STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES

SCANNED IMAGE FROM CHING .....

For this assignment Francis Chings Building

Constructed Illustratedwill be essential.

Structural Steel Framing 4.14. 4.15

Structural Steel Framing 5.35, 5.36

Steel Beams 4.16Steel Beam Connections 4.17, 4.18

Open Web Steel Joists 4.19, 4.20, 4.21

Steel Columns 5.37, 5.38

HORIZONTAL + VERTICAL FRAMING MEMBERS

Span contd

3. Triple Beam System: This beam systems

uses three sets of spanning members, tocarry the weight of the oor; typically two

way beams (set perpendicular to each

other), below which is a set of one way

Open Web Steel Joists. In this systems the

dimension of all pieces of steel are smaller

than in a Two way Beam system.

See Building Constructed Illustrated

Structural Steel Framing 4.14, 4.15

Prole of Framing Member

Steel Beams, Girders and Open Web Steel

Joists are manufactured in many proles

and dimensions, so too are Columns. A

full vocabulary of shapes is available for

modeling. Consult Building Constructed

Illustrated for references and employ an

inventive set of proles for the design of your

steel structure.

SeeBuilding Constructed Illustrated

Steel Beams 4.16

Steel Beam Connections 4.17, 4.18

Open Web Steel Joist 4.19, 4.20, 4.21

Steel Columns 5.37, 5.38

FLOOR SLAB

When framing a building using Structural

Steel, the Floor is most tyically built using a

Metal Floor Deck with Concrete Fill. This is thematerial denition required of your model.

Ensure this is the construction technology

youve specied for your oors by referring

to the Properties Window of each of your

superstructure oors.


Metal Decking 4.22

HORIZONTAL + VERTICAL FRAMING MEMBERS

Span

For Assignment 2, you will be modeling

horizontal structural members made of steel

either using :

1. One Way Beam System: Beams which

only span in one d irection, and from column

to column.

2. Two Way Beam System: Beams whichspan in two directions to larger sets of

Girders (that span from Coumn to Column).

The combination of beams and girders is

required for a Two way Steel Beam System.

2.1 Assignment 2

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2.1.2 Building Structure Typologies - Concrete

CONCRETE STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES FLOOR SLAB HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SPANS CONTD


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CONCRETE STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES

SCANNED IMAGE FROM CHING .....

For this assignment Francis Chings Building

Constructed Illustratedwill be essential.

Concrete Beam 4.04

Concrete Slabs 4.05, 4.06, 4.07

Concrete Columns 5.04, 5.05

FLOOR SLAB

When framing a building using Structural

Concrete, the Floor is most tyically built using

poured in place concrete slabs built at thesame time as the Beam network that resides

below the Slab. Ensure that Concete is the

only material you specied for your oor

slab by referring to the Properties Window

for each of your Concrete superstructure

oors.

We now need to model the set of horizontal

members that are part of the Beam network.

See Building Constructed Illustrated,

Concrete Beams 4.04

Concrete Slabs 4.05, 4.06, 4.07

HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SPANS

For this assignment choose one of

these concrete framing systems for your

Substructure and a different one for

your Superstructure ( if it too is made of

Concrete).1. One Way Slabs

2. Two Way Slabs and Beams

3. One way Joist Slab

4. Two way Flat Slab

5. Two Way Wafe Slab

HORIZONTAL CONCRETE SPANS CONT D

All of the necessary dimensions and

components required to model these

various systems are clearly described in thealready cited Francis Ching reference.

Ensure you model all of the at plates,

beams, girders, one way joists and wafes

that are part of the concrete framing

systems.

VERTICAL CONCRETE COLUMNS

Columns are needed wherever two grid

lines intersect. They two will be modeled

like poured in place columns when using

Concrete.


Concrete Columns 5.04, 5.05

If you are using a Two Way Flat Slab - ensure

you model the associated columns with

the cap prole that ensures its proper load

distribution.See Building Constructed Illustrated

Concrete Slabs 4.07

2.1 Assignment 2

Part2

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2.2 Beams - Steel Beams, Joists, and Trusses

We will introduce horizontal structural


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We will introduce horizontal structural

members (steel and/or concrete)

beneath the concrete slab or the

Steel deck oor with Concrete Fill,

previously modeled in Assignment 1.

In general, when modeling Steel

Horizontal Structural members you can

use the Beam, Beam Systems, Truss and

Brace Tools in the Structure Ribbon.

When placing Steel beams and joists, they

should be moved and positioned in Section

View to ensure they align with the underside

of the existing Steel Deck construction.

Modeling horizontal structural memberssuch as steel joists, beams, girders and

trusses can occur in a number of ways:

1. Placing Individual Members; You can

place individual members representing

each joist, beams or girder along the

structural grid lines and along the slabs edge.

2. Using the Beam System: Rather than

place each individual member, one

at at time, you can also use the Beam

System tool for placing these items.

Note 1. Voids. Remember to frame the

opening of the Atrium Void with perimeter

beams and avoid spanning across the void

with beams unless it is a design strategy.

Note 2. Floor Perimeters. Most typically the outside pe-

rimeter of oor plates are lined with beams regard-

less of whether the edges are supported by columns.

2.2 Assignment 2

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1. PLACING INDIVIDUAL BEAMS AND JOISTS:



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Part2


You can structure your building by modeling

the individual beams, joists or trusses used to

support the concrete slab. Use the structural

grid you have already laid out on the Levelsand Revit will attempt to snap to the existing

Column Grid as you draw the span of the

beams.

To insert Beams and/or Joists, select Beams

from the Structure Ribbon. If inserting the

Beams and/or Joists to support Level 2,

draw them on Level 2. Click once to begin

drawing the span of the beam and/or joist

and click again to end it. When inserting

these Steel elements on the plan drawing,

Revit will label them and their sizes along

the line that represents its span.

As with other Revit components, the

material details and construction logic of

the horizontal members can be dened in

the Properties Palette either before or after

the members are drawn. If the desired type

is not displayed, load or create the desired

Beam and/or Joist using the Edit Typedialogue box.

Once the Beams are placed in the View,

look at a building section to see where the

Beams are situated relative to the Slab.

Make sure the Steel beams, joists or trusses

are positioned below the Slab.

2.2 Assignment 2

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ALIGNING STEEL BEAMS, JOISTS AND TRUSSES TO THE PROPER WORK PLANE

2.2. Beams - Steel Beams, Joists, and Trusses


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When placing steel members, it is necessary to make sure they are placed properly relative to the associated oor slab. In a section, select any beams

that must be aligned and then, from the Modify Ribbon, select Edit Work Plane. In the resulting dialogue box, select Pick a Plane. By then selecting the

bottom edge of the structural deck, the beams will align to the bottom of the oor, without having to measure the exact distance they must be moved.A less precise way is to set the Beams and/or Joists as offsets from the oor Level they are supporting and this is done in the Properties Palette of the

structural member. Keep in mind that, you should not be selecting oor assemblies that have a generic material depth in which the beam structure is.

2.2 Assignment 2

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2. USING THE BEAM SYSTEM TOOL



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The second way of inserting horizontal steel

members for supporting the concrete slab

is by using the Beam System tool - the same

tool used for inserting wood joists. (SeeVolume 1., Section 3.3.2 Using the Beam

System Command. )

Once youve identied the direction and

extent of the beams and/or joists - you can

edit the structural member by changing

Beam Type in the Properties Palette of the

Beam System.

Combining both Methods; You can use the

rst method for placing individual elements

such as signicant Beams and Girders that

span ( in two directions) along the buildings

grid lines and use the Beam System method

for inserting smaller beams or joists that span

only in one direction.

In all cases - when inserting one way

members that span between beams -

make sure the individual members and/orBeam System outline only spans from one

grid line to another.

Placing Joists:Steel Joists are found under

the Beam tool category.Placing Trusses: For modeling trusses use the Truss Tool in the Structural ribbon and place trusses

individually. This is the same method as above. These are usually much bigger in dimension and

used for civil engineering projects. You will most probably not be using them in your assignment.

2.2 Assignment 2

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2.3. Beams - Concrete2.3.1 Concrete Beams, Girders and One- Way JoistsSimilar to the placing of Steel beams


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Similar to the placing of Steel beams,

girders, joists, and trusses, placing horizontal

structural members that are concrete

beams, girders, one way joists and wafe

slabs can occur in a number of ways:

1. Placing Individual Members;As with Steel

members, you can place Concrete beams,

girders and one way joists individually along

the structural grid lines, along the slabs

perimeter edge and within one bay span.

2. Beam System Tool: You can also use

the Beam System tool for placing multiplebeams in a concrete oor system such as

when placing One - Way Concrete Joists

3. Custom Concrete Beam Proles: This

method involves modeling and naming a

new family type and is used for One -Way

Concrete Joists and Wafe Slabs.

Note. When modeling concrete structural

members that are not precast concrete

members, they must be joined with the

existing slab to create an appropriate

representation of a continuously poured

concrete beam and oor system.

The main tools you will be using are Beams

and Beam Systems in the Structure Ribbon.

2.3 Assignment 2

Note 1. Voids. Remember to frame the opening of the Void with perimeter beams

and avoid spanning across the void with beams unless deemed a design strategy.

Note 2. Floor Perimeters. Most typically the outside perimeter of oor plates

are lined with beams regardless of whether they are supported by columns.

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When modeling your Concrete Beams,Girders and One Way Joist Slabs you may

2.3.1 Concrete Beams, Girders and One- Way Joists


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Part2


Girders, and One Way Joist Slabs you mayneed to position these elements below theunderside of the oor slab to ensure theylook deep enough from a structural point of

view. See Section 2.2. Aligning Beams to theProper Work Plane

REPRESENTING A CONTINUOUS CONCRETEPOUR BY JOINING HORIZONTAL STRUCTURALELEMENTS - SUCH AS SLABS TO BEAMS

When modeling concrete beams, girders

or one-way joists, they are initially modeled

as elements which are separate from the

slab they support and from the beamsthey intersect. Because most concrete

structures are poured in place they need to

be represented as a continuos mass that is

the result of a continuous pour. ( This is not

the case if the building is made of pre-cast

concrete members.)

To do this, select the beams, girders and

joists that need to be connected and join

them with the existing oor slab. To do this,

select Join > Join Geometry from the Modify

Ribbon. Then, select the two objects to be

joined (the slab and horizontal concrete

member). Repeat this for each of the

members.

2.2 Assignment 2

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2.3.1 Concrete Beams, Girders and One-Way Joists

MODELING ONE WAY JOISTS


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Modeling One Way Concrete Joists thatspan between Concrete Beams is typicallydome using a combination method.

1. The Beams into which the Joists areframed are rst modeled by placingIndividual Members along the Grid Lines2. The One Way Joists are modeled usingthe Beam System tool.

Because One Way Concrete Joists aretypically smaller than typical ConcreteBeams and occur more frequently, you willneed to create a new Concrete Joist type.

You are not able to d irectly Load ConcreteJoists from the Revit Library. Therefore, youwill need to dene a new structural memberType by Editing a typical concrete beam.

Duplicate an existing Concrete Beam andchange the physical dimensions of thenew Duplicated member to 6 wide by 18 deep. Remember to name it as a ConcreteJoist for easy recognition.

Once the new Joist System is modeled youcan now select the Concrete Joist fromthe pull down menu. Ensure that thesemembers are spaced a minimum of 24and a maximum of 36 apart.

Make sure to Join all the concrete joists tothe concrete slab to ensure the joists andslab read as one.

Concrete Beams

One Way Concrete Joists

2.3 Assignment 2

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CREATING TAPERED SLAB EDGES ( OPTIONAL)

2.3.1 Concrete Beams, Girders and One Way Joists


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To create a tapered slab edge, select Floor > Slab Edge from the Structure Ribbon. This will allow you to select the edges of the existing oor/slab to

use as the basis for the slab edge. As with other elements, the size and type of slab edge can be dened on the Properties Palette. Once you have

placed the slab edges, make sure to join them to the slab, as done with the beams.

2.3 Assignment 2

Part2

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2.3.2 Custom Concrete Floor Assemblies - Wafe Slabs and Coffers

WAFFLE SLABS AND COFFERS


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Creating complex slab congurations in Revit involves modeling the entire oor (the Slab and the Beam Structure) as a solid, and then modeling thevoid space to be removed from the slab solid. As an example, this section will walk through creating a 24 deep wafe slab conguration.

It is rst necessary to create a oor assembly with the appropriate materials and depth. Following the steps outlined, create a oor slab which is 24deep and uses Cast-in-Place Concrete. Once created, apply the new oor type to the oors of your project.

2.3 Assignment 2

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WAFFLE SLABS AND COFFERS

2.3.2 Custom Concrete Floor Assemblies - Wafe Slabs and Coffers


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Once the slab oor is modeled, it is now necessary to model the voids to be removed from it. To do this, it is best to begin by modeling just one voidto make sure it is trimming the slab properly. This void can then be arrayed to create the full void conguration.

The void will be modeled as an In-Place Family. To start this family, select Compone

Arch 532_bim Handbook

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