ARC LTER: The Role of Openness and Connectivity in ...
Transcript of ARC LTER: The Role of Openness and Connectivity in ...
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1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Ed Rastetter
TFS Annual Meeting 2019
ARC LTER: The Role of Biogeochemical and Community Openness in Governing Arctic Ecosystem Response to Climate
Change and Disturbance
0.05 oC/yrwarming
~2 x global rate
Bar
row
Ave
. An
nu
alte
mp
. (oC
)
Year
Alaska Climate Research Center
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ARC LTER Site Review 2019:
Review team drives up from Fairbanks on 23 JuneSite review: 24 – 26 JuneReview team flies out of Deadhorse 27 June
Tentative schedule yet to be approved by review team
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New Green housesDrone flights over our experimental plotsFish trackers on I1 & I2 lakes (assess weir to close system next summer)Explore Oksrukuyik (Oks) for closed v. open lakeseDNA to ID fish distributions Jade “disappearing lake” monitoring (with TFS) need for long-term perspectiveStopped fertilization on Kuparuk, begin recovery monitoring (also Oks & Trevor)MEL application to 4 tundra types and other biomes (Rastetter et al)Team Vole (Boelman et al) AniMEL modelStream network-sentinels of connectivity & change (Abbott & Zarnetske)Fishscapes migration in changing Arctic (Deegan, Urban, & Golden)Aufeis hydro-ecology “Arctic Oases” (Huryn & Gooseff)Lake warming (Budy et al)Photo-biodegradation of DOM (Cory & Kling) Soil freeze-thaw soil hydrology (Chen, Cardenas, & Kling) (Thanx for help TFS)Iron oxidizing bacteria and methane generation (Emmerson, Bowden)
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All-LTERs All-Scientists Meeting1-6 October 2018Asilomar, Pacific Grove, CA
ARC LTER report to the LTER Science Council16-18 May 2018 Madison WI
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There are strange things done in the midnight sun
By them that strive to knowHow the North will fare,
in the warming airAnd less time covered in snow
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The tundra's warming fast, and will not lastBut for another century, no moreIt's for us to assess the extent of the messAnd what we yet have in store
0.05 oC/yrwarming
~2 x global rate
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Tight N & P cycles
Now to understand the issues at hand
A biogeochemical view's requiredRecycling's the way
to keep limitation at bayFor nutrients are hard acquired
There are nutrients at hand to fill plant demand
Nearly all released by the soilA millennia to accrue
and hard to renewA treasure to protect and not spoil
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But warming will feed the cycling speed
Nourishing the vegetationCausing disunity
in the plant communityAnd leaving an aberration
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On land cycling’s tight and N losses slight
But in streams it spirals and spillsRelying instead
on the small amounts shedAnd amassed from the surrounding hills
Nearly closed ecosystems on hills are poorly connected; delay and attenuate nutrient pulses moving down slope
More open stream ecosystems are well connected; propagate nutrient pulses moving downstream
Recycled nutrients accumulated over
millennia
Throughput of nutrients accumulated over
catchment area
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Grayling forage in streams all summer then return to lakes to overwinter where the C, nutrients, and energy
accumulated is added to the lake ecosystem
The lakes have a means of filling their needs
For resources that are running lowThe grayling move out
to forage aboutInto streams when they start to flow
There they proceed to disperse and feed
Until the summer banquet runs outThen they return to the lake,
their bodies to makeA winter feast for char, burbot, and trout
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Thermokarst slump
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Terrestrial Atmosphere
vegetation
soil
permafrost
atmsophere
Glo
bal
C s
tock
s (P
g)
Soils
Plants
Permafrost
CO2
Permafrost:20-40% of
terrestrial C
~2 X atmosphere
stock
The impending loss of the permafrost
Should strike you all with shockFor the carbon it holds,
in its deep-freeze cold,Is twice the atmosphere's stock
As the thawing proceeds, the landscape recedes
Until the hills are sagged and slumpedThe surface sheet,
with its plants and peat,Into streams and lakes are dumped
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And with the warming air, there's another care
Convective storms abound Although once rare,
lightning now fills the airSetting fire to the ground
More than six thousand years and then fire appears
Burning 400 square miles of landWith the peat decreased
by the carbon releasedLeaving a dark scar like a brand
1000 km2 fire scar
2.1 Tg C release to
atmosphere
2007 AnaktuvukRiver Fire
Fire form space
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Ligh
t –
Dar
k ch
ange
in
bac
teri
al p
rod
uct
ion
(%
)
Photobleaching (m-1 / mol photons m-2)
Cory et al 2013
The soil’s replete with DOM from the peat
But permafrost has an unusual stashThat just goes to waste
‘cause it ain’t to the tasteOf the microbes there in its path
It remains neglected and largely unaffected
As it flows from tussock to streamUntil its reanimation
by photo activationIts lability there to redeem
Cory & Kling 2018
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y = 0.0078x - 14.18R² = 0.9072
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.49
1.51
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Kuparuk River spring discharge DOM florescence
Signal of warming and deeper thaw?
Flo
resc
en
ce In
dex
Year
R² = 0.9
0
100
200
300
400
0 100 200 300
Distance from headwaters (km)
DO
M p
ho
to-l
abili
ty
(mm
olC
O2/m
olp
ho
ton
s)
Cory unpubl.
But what happens then to the DONFlowing attached to the carbon?Does limitation decrease with N release?Is it all part of the bargain?
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Although unique, the Arctic can speakOf changes yet to comeA harbinger perhaps, of climatic collapseFor ecosystems yet to succumb
Yes there are strange things done in the midnight sunBy them that that strive to knowHow the North will fare, in the warming airUnder the climate's persistent blow