Arabic_Print version - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

8/7/2019 Arabic_Print version - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

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Arabic/Print version

LEARNING TO READ AND WRITE ARABIC


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After Learning the Alphabet

Laam Alif ( )LigaturesAlif Maqsuura: vs. (yaa)Hamz (): tied taa: ( :)

Al ()

MiscLesson planning for a step-by-step introduction of the Arabic alphabetArabic/Arabic alphabet step-by-stepArabic/Arabic alphabetArabic/Arabic alphabet (by group)Arabic/Arabic sounds

Using Hamza

External Links

Alphabet, with sound, just click on a letter (http://www.arabic2000.com/arabic/alphabet.html)Complete Arabic Script course (with sound)(http://www.madinaharabic.com/Arabic_Reading_Course/Arabic_%20Reading_Course.htm)Omniglot (http://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm)Arabic Alphabet Quiz (http://www.theiling.de/schrift/) Choose the "Arabic" link.Babel Arabic Writing Explanation (http://i-cias.com/babel/arabic/)

Arabic Alphabet (http://www.naturalarabic.com/free_article.php?artid=10150) with sound and lessonsArabic Alphabet (http://arabicgenie.com/blog/free-arabic-resources/arabic-script) writing instructions

Downloads

Romanisation SystemIn order to make Arabic more accessible, this book uses transliteration along with Arabic written in Arabic letters.The system used in this book is based on the loose conventions used to chat in Arabic when the Arabic alphabet isnot supported.

The following numerals are used to represent Arabic letters not having a Latin equivalent: 2 3 6 7 92 represents hamza (original alif sound). This is the sound that separates vowels for example if"Martin" were written in Arabic. It would most likely not be written with a hamza, because that is nothow it is usually pronounced in English. But if you find that someone pronounces "Martin" as "Mart-in"rather than "Mar-tin" then that pronunciation would be written with a hamza in Arabic (like this intransliteration: mart2in).3 represents 3ain. 3ain is an important Arabic sound, and doesn't come automatically to peopleunfamiliar with Arabic.

3/28/2011 Arabic/Print version - Wikibooks, open

http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?ti 2/


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6 is the "emphatic" "t" sound. It is a "t" sound pronounced with more of the tongue touching the roof ofthe mouth.7 is a special "h" sound. It is pronounced far deeper in the throat the normal "h".9 is the emphatic "s" sound. Unlike the normal Arabic "s" sound this "s" sound is pronounced with thetongue near the place behind the upper teeth. This is not a very important phoneme to master.

The apostrophe is used to indicate modify consonants to represent different consonants. For example: t', d',7', 3' represent the more frictive versions i.e. (the th in think, the th in "the", the throaty "ch" in Munich, thethroaty Parisian French "r" (approximately)).The apostrophe is used after a vowel to lengthen it.

The orthography or spelling conventions used with the transliteration are a compromise between transcribing actualpronunciation, and spelling (although in Arabic they do not significantly differ). Keep the following in mind:

tilde (~) indicates that the letter before must be pronounced like the letter after it. so (eL~Da'r must bepronounced ed-da'r)

The definite article in Arabic will be spelt (L), It is pronounced the same as (L)Anything in parentheses after a word are pronounced in some registers and not others. You will most likelyneed to be capable of understanding Arabic pronounced either way.

Examples

1. L kalime(tu) huna'k(a)2. L kita'b(u) huna'k(a)3. L kursiy(yu) huna'k(a)4. L madrase(tu) huna'k(a)5. L mu3allim(u) huna'k(a)6. L~tilmi'd'(u) huna'k(a)7. L qalam(u) huna'k(a)8. L ma77a'ye(tu) huna'k(a)9. L~daftar(u) huna'k(a)

10. L kita'b(u) huna'lik(a)

Lessons

The definite article ("the" in English) is "al" (spelled alif, la'm). It is pronounced with the same sound as the nameof the letter "L" (i.e. el). It basically does what the word "the" does; it goes before a definite noun. But it has twoextra jobs, because in Arabic, small words like "of" and "is" are not used. To illustrate: the striked-out words in thefollowing English sentences would not translate into an Arabic word once the sentence is translated.

The boy is on the roof.The sky is blue.The girls are here.I am going away.We are there.The book of the boy is here.




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Luckily, the definite article helps indicate where "is/are/am", and "of" would be. Whenever there are two words, onedefinite (i.e. starts with "L") and one indefinite (starts without "L"), if the first is definite then you know that"is/are/am" is implied between the two words. If the first is indefinite then you know that "of" is implied between thetwo words.

Summary

(Y) means some noun(Z) means some other noun

means "translates to"

l- indicates the Arabic definite article

l-(Y) the (Y)l-(Y) (Z) the (Y) is (Z)(Y) l-(Z) the (Y) of the (Z)

Translation Exercise

keetaab bookMataar airport

mat3am restaurantunwan title/address

kabeer bigsagheer small

al ketaab .1al mataar .2

al mat3am .3

al ketaab sagheer. .4al mataar kabeer. .5al mat3am sagheer. .6

.7 .8




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.9 .

Romanisation

Key

1. The book.2. The airport.3. The restaurant.4. The book is small.

5. The airport is big.6. The restaurant is small.7. The address of the airport.8. The address of the restaurant.9. The title of the book.

Translation Exercises

Exercise 1

word book

(letter (of alphabet chair

school teacher

student (pen(cil eraser

computer notebook

there/here there

. .1. .2




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. .3. .4. .5

. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12

Romanisation

Key

2. The word is there.4. The chair is there.6. The teacher is there.8. The pen is there.10. The computer is there.12. The book is there.

Exercise 2

notebook there




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computer eraser (pen(cil teacher

student (letter (of the alphabet

book there/here

here

. .1. .2

. .3

. .4. .5. .6

. .7

. .8. .9. .10

. .11

. .12




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Romanisation

Key

2. The computer is there.

4. The pen is there.6. The teacher is there.8. The letter is there.10. The computer is there.12. The book is here.

Exercise 1

available unavailable

book chair

computer student (pen(cil eraser

word airport

restaurant school

here there

. .1. .2. .3

. .4




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. .5. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12

Romanisation

Key1. The book is available.

2. The chair is available.3. The computer is unavailable.4. The student is available.5. The pen is here.6. The eraser is unavailable.8. The airport is there.10. The student is there.12. The airport is unavailable.The strange letter is a ligature lam + alif (= 'la')




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Exercise 1

Vocabulary

(exists (to exist doesn't

book school

restaurant student airport

word pen

.There is no book . .1

.There is no school . .2.There is no restaurant . .3.There is a student . .4

.There is an airport . .5

.The word doesn't exist . .6The word doesn't . . .7.exist

.There is a book . .8




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.There is a school . .9.There is an airport . .10

.There is a pen . .11

.There is no airport . .12

Key2. There is no school.4 . There is a student6 . The word doesn't exist... There is no school 8

10 . There is no pen.12 . There's no airport..

Exercise 1

there is no there is a

book airport

restaurant notebook

hospital school chair

(apartment (home (apartment (building

. .1




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. .2. .3. .4

. .5. .6. .7. .8

. .9. .10

. .11. .12

Key2. There is a book.4. There is a restaurant.6. There is a hospital.8. There is no chair.10. There is no apartment.12. There is no apartment building.




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Exercise 1

big old

small new

cheap expensive

university apartment school eraser

pen airport

computer (apartment (home

. .1. .2. .3. .4

. .5. .6. .7

. .8

. .9. .10. .11

. .12




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Key2. The university is old.4. The eraser is new.6. The school is new.8. The computer is expensive.10. University is expensive.12. The apartment is new.


Exercise 1

\ this computer pen/pencil

restaurant eraser

(apartment (suite book

notebook student

female student teacher

female teacher

. .1. .2

. .3. .4. .5




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. .6. .7. .8

. .9. .10

. .11. .12

Key

2. This is a school.4. This is a restaurant.6. This is an apartment.8. This is a notebook.10. This is a (male) teacher.12. This is a (female) teacher.

Exercise 2 \ that student

airport book

restaurant eraser

pen \ teacher




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. .1

.2.. .3. .4. .5

. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12

Key

2. That is a (female) student.4. That is an airport.6. That is a restaurant.8. That is a pen.10. That is a (female) teacher.




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12. That is a (female) teacher.

Exercise 3

\ this/that\ this

\ that airport

restaurant eraser

university pen

\ student (apartment (suite

notebook

. .1. .2. .3. .4. .5

. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12




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Key

2. That is a restaurant.4. That is a university.6. That is a pen.8. That is a pen.10. This is a student.12. That is a university.


Exercise 1

book from

school notebook airport

with

near city in

above (apartment (suite

(apartment (building chair ground

table under

teacher

. .1. .2. .3

. .4




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. .5. .6

. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12

Key1. The book is from the school.2. The notebook is from the airport.3. The book is with the notebok.4. The airport is near the city.

5. The airport is in the city.6. The sun is above the earth.7. The book is in the apartment.8. The apartment building is in the city.9. The chair is on the ground.10. The book is on the table.11. The table is under the book.12. The teacher is in the airport.




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Exercise 1

\ this/that big

pretty/beautiful ugly good

cheap expensive/dear

\ this\ that

. .1. .2. .3. .4

. .5

. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11

. .12




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Key2. That is pretty.4. That is good.6. That is good.8. This is cheap.10. That is cheap.12. That is expensive.


Exercise 1

we I

here available

in airport

he restaurant

on ground

beautiful (you (to a male (you (to a female

school there

ugly marketplace

. .1




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. .2. .3. .4

. .5. .6

. .7. .8

. .9. .10

. .11. .12

Key1. We are Here.2. I am available.3. I Am in the Airport.4. He is in the restaurant.




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6. She is pretty.8. You are in school/ the school.10. You are there.11. He is ugly.12. You are in the market/mall.13.Father 14.Mother 15.son

Translation ExercisesExercise 1

book my

new car

cheap far

restaurant

his computer expensive

your (your (to a female

bad here

hospital close small

. .1. .2

. .3. .4

. .5. .6. .7. .8




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. .9. .10. .11

. .12

Key1. My book is new.2. My car is cheap.4. Your car is far.6. Your school is good.

8. Our school is here.10. Your restaurant is small.12. His restaurant is cheap.

Exercise 1

("at(used to mean "to have book

negation I have

you have (you have (to a female

he has we have

car restaurant

house pen

school computer

eraser house




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. .1. .2

. .3. .4. .5

. .6

. .7. .8. .9. .10

. .11. .12

Key2. I don't have a book.4. He has a restaurant.




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6. I don't have a pen.8. I have a computer.10. You (female) have a book.12. We don't have a house.

Exercise 1

Vocab

. .1. .2

. .3. .4. .5. .6

. .7. .8. .9. .10




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Key1. My book is there.2. His letter is there.3. Our chair is there.4. Their school is there.6. My student is there.

8. Our eraser is there.10. Your notebook is there.

Exercise 2

Vocab

. .1. .2. .3. .4

. .5. .6

. .7. .8

. .9. .10. .11

. .12




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. .13. .14

. .15

. .16. .17. .18

Key2. His computer is there.4. Her student is there.6. His chair is there.8. My house is there.10. Our computer is here.12. His pen is there.14. His eraser is unavailable.16. His restaurant is available.18. Her school is here.

Exercise 3




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Vocab

. .1

. .2. .3. .4. .5

. .6. .7. .8. .9

. .10. .11. .12

Key




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2. His university is old.4. Her school is small.6. His school is new.8. His computer is expensive.10. Our university is expensive.12. My apartment is new.

Exercise 4

Vocab

. .2 .1.. .3

. .4

. .5. .6. .7. .8

. .9. .10 .11 .. .12




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Key2. This is my school.4. This is our restaurant.6. This is his apartment.8. This is his notebook.10. This is our (female) teacher.12. This is my (female) teacher.

Exercise 5

Vocab

. .1. .2

. .3

. .4. .5. .6. .7




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. .8. .9. .10

. .11. .12

Key2. That is her (female) student.

4. This is my eraser.6. That is my teacher.8. That is his restaurant.10. That is his university.12. This is my (female) student.

Exercise 6Vocab

. .1. .2




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. .3. .4

. .5

. .6. .7. .8

Key2. His car is from the city.4. My car is near the airport.6. His chair is on the ground.8. Our teacher is in the airport.

Exercise 7

Vocab

. .1. .2




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. .3. .4

. .5

. .6. .7. .8

. .9

. .10. .11

. .12

Key2. The city's hospital is clean.4. The home of the man is his apartment.6. The door of the home is closed.8. I have the keys of the house.10. The airport of the city is far.12. The woman's pen is here.




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Exercise 8

Vocab

. .1. .2. .3

. .4

. .5. .6 . .7

. .8

. .9. .10. .11

. .12




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Key2. The university of her city is small.4. The school of her friend is new.6. He has the keys to my car.8. The building of the hospital is old.10. The school of his friend is far.

12. The house of his family is here.

Exercise 9

Vocab

. .1. .2

. .3

. .4. .5

. .6. .7

. .8. .9

. .10. .11




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. .12

Key2. He came to our city.

4. She went.6. He sat here.8. She sat here.10. He went to the hospital.12. She slept in her bed.

Exercise 10Vocab

. .1. .2. .3

. .4. .5

. .6




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. .7. .8

. .9

Key2. She goes to her (home) country/land.4. She sleeps in (the) bed.6. She left the place.8. She ate bread in the restaurant.

Arabic (Semitic)

See also: List of Islamic terms in ArabicNote that this is relevant only to Modern Standard Arabic and notto the colloquial forms of Arabic spoken in daily life, which vary from place to place. Also, some of the followingexpressions were written only to suit a male speaker.

Pronunciation guide: Stress in Arabic is most often on the penultimate syllable (i.e., the one preceding the last).

Translation Phrase IPA Pronunciation

Arabic /alarabijja/ (al-ara'beeya)

hello/welcome /maraba/ (mar'Haba)

/ sa'lm/ (sa-laam)

see you /ilalliqa/ (ila-lli'qa')

goodbye /maa ssalama/ (ma-a ssa'la:ma)

please / /min fadlak/,/ lutfan/(min

'fad/lak),(Lutfan)

thanks /ukran/ ('Shukran)




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that one /lika/ ('Daalika)

How much/Howmany? /kam/ (kam)

English /alinlizeeya/(formal),

/alinklizeeya/(colloquial)

yes /naam/ ('na-am)

no /la/ (la:)

Where's thebathroom? /ejna-l-ammam/

(ein-al-

Ham'ma:m)

What is your name? /ma smuk/ ('ma smuk)

I dont know /la arifu/ (la: 'a-rifu)

I have no clue. /la adri/ (la: 'adri)

I dont understand /la afham/

(la: 'afham)

I dont remember /la ataakkar/ (la: ata'Dakkar)

Welcome /ahlan wasahlan bikum/('ahlan

wa'sahlan

'bikum)

I am sick /ana marid/ ('ana ma'ri:d/)

Hello /assalam alejkum/(assa'la:m

aa'laykum)

Hello (response),how are you?

!

/waalejkumu ssalam. kayfa lal/(wa-a'lejkumussa'la:m. kejfa

lHa:l)

Fine, and you?.

/bixejrin, alamdu lillahi. wakejfa ant/

(bi'xejrin,

al'Hamdu

lil/'l/ahi. wa'kejfa

ant)

Bye /wada:an/ (Wida'an)

Where is the airport? //(Ayna al-

maTa:r?)

Help! ! // (Annajda:)

I am hungry. // (Ana ju:a:n)

I feel tired. // (Ash'ur bitta'b)Retrieved from "http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic/Print_version"

This page was last modified on 24 July 2008, at 22:43.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.




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