The vision and sense of space in Architecture, Music and literature

Jana Arabzadeh1

Abstract

People have always been living between many spaces and their beings are related to the being of these spaces. Some times these spaces are human made or the virtual and imaginary spaces that comes from, the dream of men of Utopia and the lost paradise. We give a character to a space and place by living in it, and the reason of creating is passing through these images. If man stops searching for the Utopia, then the source of his believes shall die, and Art is the motive which creates such spaces that are not dreams but the mere realities. Human knowledge of these realities is because of transmission of creative minds through manyplies of his eternity memories. What I have tried to explain within this research is the transmission of mind through million virtual spaces of literature and music, and the appearance of these virtual spaces in realities which are the mere facts that makes real or virtual Architecture. There is a great relation between Architecture and Music, that if the building’s made of great theories and concept, a person stands before it can hear the melody of it (Architectural Music), or by hearing a piece of music, a person could walk through a virtual space with unbelievable beauty (Musical Architecture). The space relation between Architecture and literature is the transmission between million words and phrases and making a sense of knowledge and feeling for the reader whom can feel himself in a specific time, period and place of that piece. Also the main aim of the relation between Music and literature is to reach to a virtual space, because it is a transmission between dream to a dream which are made of human wishes and identicalness. At the end the result of the triple relation of Architecture, Music and literature is reaching to a trinity and making another virtual space such as Azan or Opera.

Introduction

Lonliness and separation from the world are the virtues of human existence and since man cannot stand this lonliness, he has no choice but try to find relations and reaching to a unity(1). Only by working and understanding, a man can have a relation with the world. Man produces things during the process of creation he examins his powers on the flesh of things. Erich From said: " human feels the world, and this kind of mentally and sensitive understanding is because of the power of wisdom and love. The power of wisdom gives the strength to a person to have an influence from out side to the inside and reach to his aim, meanwhile the power of love to remove the wall of separation between himself and the others and understand them(2). Movement creation and searching are the first steps of human in proving his mental believes in Moral theologies, Geometrical shapes, Elegant volumes, Art and ….(3) As we see there are phrases that has a definite meaning and it is possible to use these phrases. We reach to million theories, and believes and reaching to all these volume of meanings lead us to another place with different feeling which we can call it "the sense of space"

1 - M.A. Architecture from Azad University, olum & tahghighat branch / Iran-Tehran / e-mail: J.arabzadeh@yahoo.com

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1- What is the space?

Human rises on the space and after standing in a space creates another space so his being is related to the being of the space. A real space is the cause of his mentality and dreams which creates the virtual space of mind but what is the space? From human point of view "space" is a place where many happening are in it. It usually has the same senses and feelings as human belief and it is also a different thing from what happens within the ancient stories or archetypes.An element which can be explained by the movement of time and place. Ebne Sina says: "any thing which is not a heavenly sphere is in skies and any anything which is in the time is a solid because as other solids even the sky itself is in the time"Therefore time and place are the tenors of space and vice versa. and any time which we talk about a space it reminds us of an area no matter how big or small it was which we have spend moments in it.Mola Sadra says: "The virtue of movement has not got any continuity and is different with the meaning of time on the other hand the being of each is the same as the other. Time is the mentally appearing of movement and in the out side except the movement nothing will be found and the prosody of time to movement is as the prosody of gender to season."Therefore the two categories of time and place can not be understand without each other and we can call space the sensitive angle of place. (4) (Figure 1)

1-1 Sense and character of space

Space is an unshape existent which it's figurative existence give an identity to it. When human begin to imagine the space will imagine a character which shall be the character of space, therefore space shall exist with or without us.Human have the power to understand space with its different meaning , only by what they feel about it. So their perception of the space shall be limited to their sensible perception of it. But when we have a deepest look to the space and try to define it with the two categories of objective and subjective that kind of sense and dream are the craterous of the virtual spaces which are the result of our believes and the mental utopia with the objective shape so the result of human understanding of the real spaces derives from his personal experiences and also to his psychic and physical conditions within his cognition of his environment. (Figure 2)

1-2 Virtual space + the being of virtual space in a real space

Human mind have been designed in a way that by hearing any single world unconsciously begin to create and design a virtual space for it, even before he wishes to know the literarely and official meaning of it.All the words and phrases in spite of their alphabetical language have a geometric and also physical language that before creating their real space, make the virtual space. When human begin to combine Art with his mind and creativity he begins to grow ideals so he dramatize any single little thing and blows an alive spirit into it, and this tiny new born is the result of human believes and dreams and such a creativity shall be the cause of human growth and exalted. (5)

The nature of Eutopia itself is saturated from the same source that virtual spaces have been saturated only today have been called as dreams. They are the lands of human desire that in case it changes into reality and there was not any boundary and limits between it and the land of virtuality, it would have been the manifestation of dreams and desires in the world, but today the real spaces are the reflection of those virtual space with the most ugly and unformal shape, and it is all because of one thing "the beauty of human dreams" which have been destroyed for a long time be cause people no longer can think bright and beautiful. They think and do ugly, so the world has changed into ugliness.

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Figure 1- space and people

Figure 2- sense of an imaginative space

2- Space in Architecture, literature and music

Perception and sentiment are the highest matters in creating a virtual space. Having a deep look to the art and literature we shall understand that the poet and the artists have been incarnated in a very clever way these unknown spaces in his art piece are his believes of a real space which he desires to reach them. His dreams have been imagined in his, art world, no matter how bitter or how sweet they are, they show the realities which have been conformed on the virtual space in a way that when a person look at it he does not feel any limitation and boundaries between them. According to the all I have explained now I try to consider the spaces of Architecture literature and music. Sometimes these spaces are the same as the real spaces and some times they are the desired image of the real architectural space that creates the virtual space of the artist.

3- Architecture and Music

No one has a complete knowledge about the primitive music. The primitive man discovered rhythm by their physical movement and their melody by the changes in the pitch of their voices(6). The primitive men with music is the kind of relation with the whole sounds that they have heard such as the sound of thunder water, birds twittering … and even the sound of stones when they meet or the instinctive sound of creatures. During the historical movements singing was the most usual way of creating music. (7)

The meaning of Architecture today is that at the same time, which it is measuring and limiting the space it also tries to reach through a large space that people shall move inside and around it, and meanwhile music is a feeling of a mechanical rhythm in the space. When such a feeling awakes a motional motive in human it will have an influence on human sole and on his sensitive hidden space inside him which will prevent him against the noise waves on Human body. The sufies dance which derivers from spiritual believes stage making that it’s natural secret and essential charactoer relates to the musical motions. (8)

Human feelings have been carnated as musical spaces which have magical mould. Now if we remember the spaces of the churches, monasteries, … during the first period of classical music, which were the dedicated music of gods, we shall reach to a point that the spaces and the volumes that had been built, are nothing but a scene of a moment that man’s eyes are open to see his beloved. Adored one , that has been imagined in the piece of music. So the sence of spirituality and sacredness in such a spaces are because of the tenderness of human virtual feelings within the musical piece; that creates such an extrodinary spaces in reality.If we try to hear music with our sprit and our heart, then we are able to feel the hidden space of it. This space is all what we call the virtual space and it is filled with our secrets. Our life is filled with all these senses, so the space that we live in it is filled with these senses too. That is why we can say that even human life itself, is a piece of music and the manifest of his senses is very touchable in the

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space

Literature and music Architecture and

literatureArchitecture and

music

real. Spaces around him. So if we begins to think like this, we shall be able to see and use the musical tythem first in our view to our life, and the in the spaces around us and at last in the architecture.When we get to know music, we are able to make a relation between, anything that we hear at any time, a moment before of even in the following moments, with the things in the environment around us, such as buildings, people, communications and … , and feel a desiered sense, or a sadness , or even a noticeable influence in ourself. When human get to have a deep hearing, then when they stand before a building they are able to hear the melody that comes from its construction, shape, style or even spirit, and at that time they feel that the building itself is playing a piece of music which has been manifested in the viewer’s mind. (9)

As the composers are different according to their interests, the architects are different too. But since abything in this world is in relation with everything, we can find architects and composers with the same feeling and interests that are saying same things, that follow same rhythms in their designs. We can find building that reminds us of a specific classical or even modern or … music. We can see volums with such an extraordinary fractures and oppositions that are the same as accords of a symphonie, partitas and concertos, also we can find peacefull buildings that remind us of pleasant and calm melodies. Therefore we can express that the creation source of architecture and music derivers from the same place and a unique thoughts are beyond their creation.Now I will explain the spaces of architecture and music in the following two categories.

Space in music

Music of Architecture Architecture of Music

Sound of Building

Song Music

Literature + Music + Virtual Architecture

3-1 Architecture of Music

Architecture of music is the same as designing musical spaces. Sometimes these spaces are as designing musical instruments that along playing them, the mentally virtual spaces shall be created, and sometimes it is the same as the virtual space of the piece of music itself. When we add words and literature to it, it changes into songs, and this trinity contains a total virtual space of literature, music and architecture.

3-1-1 Architecture of an Instrument

"Lifeless wood lifeless cord, lifeless skin where does this desired friendly tune come from" (Molana) (10)

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Virtual space inside a piece of music

Architeacture of an

instrument

As I have explained before the creative source of this architecture is designing musical instruments. Which means giving spirit to the lumbers. pieces of wood and metal and other factors in order to be able to make sound and at the end reaching to volume that while playing it, takes us to a transcaucasia world. (Figure 3)Human discovered that he is surrounded with things which make different sounds. He understood that while extending his bow, after releasing the arrow the strings begin to tremble, and makes a desired sound. Also the empty trunk was important in making tingling tunes. These simple elements made the idea of creating musical instruments. Therefore strings are used as a cord of musical instruments and by using different cords with different thickness, human made Tar,

Setar, Kamanche1, and violin also the shepherd’s horn that was

made of animal horn was the base of creating whistle Instrument and the empty trunk was the concept of making Tonback(drum) (11).

As time passes and technology enters to human life, human found new types of musical instruments and lately they create electronic music by using electronic instruments and they were the cause of a new line of science “physics” which lead us to radio electric. (Figure 4)

3-1-2 Virtual Spaces inside a piece of music

Senses are the manifest of human inner tunes, or an understanding from the environment which makes music and music is nothing but a virtual space that derivers from human feelings. The concept and the main reason which makes the virtual spaces in music are senses. Senses creates art. The artist’s vision of real spaces or even the realities of the environmental characters make the pieces. So the pieces are the result of environmental understandings and also in an apposite view, the result of human hearing and his understanding of it is creating a mentally virtual space, which here his understandings are combined with his spirit and creates this virtual space. This means that the artist creates virtual space by using the real space and the auditor creates the real space by using the virtual space.Music with the help of what we can call “human images” or “human faces” , pictures the inner life of man. Music is not only the sounds that come after one another but it is the succession of sound which make a unity and these units are human spirit and feelings which makes the mental reactions in people. (12)

One of the most important of artists and philosophers is Bach, which have reflected life (the real space) in his pieces (the virtual space).The inner feelings of music are the explanation of life in a way which is in the society and since the eternal senses are the virtual spaces of music, therefore the inner tune of man is the same as music.

3-2 Music of Architecture (the tune of a building)

Music of architecture is the sounds that come from the building or even its different components such as columns, stairs, roofs, or the other constructional elements and … and make a totally different feelings in human. When man look at the building's plan they can not feel the secrets of its architect and always as hallow of uncertainty shall be with them, It is the same as the time human hear a piece of music and as much as he tries to enter and understand its secrets, no matter how professional he is, he shall not be able to get to know its secrets. This is the similar point of music and architecture .In the classification of arts, architecture is a kind of art which at the same time can be beautiful and also useful and according to this Point Gothe said: "Architecture means the solid music".

1 - Iranian musical instrument. (Instrument- a- corde)

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Figure 3- Architecture of an Instrument

Figure 4- relation between human and Instrument

As I

said before each building has a tune and we find any piece of music in a real space. One of the most incredible classical pieces is the last Movement of second partita of Buch named as "ciaccone" . Because of its unexplainable perfection and details it is Possible to compare it with a GothicCathedral (13) Because of too many extraordinary feeling in this piece such as sense of beauty, frightening, grief,….. a deep imagination begin to grow in the listener’s mind and the vision of its virtual space shall be as a space filled with unpleasantness and grief which is a wasteland where man can think about himself, so here the waste land itself is the virtual space. The acsan in the ciaccone. Piece from the MI cord to the Sol cord are the same as the fractures of a monument . (Figure 5)Since Bach was one of the leaders of modern movement in classical music , therefore his pieces are as a media in creating new worlds. Those real spaces (monuments) have four sections ,also we have to play accords of this piece in all 4 cords which remind us of the strong and heavy constructional factors of a monument and finally the highest point in this piece are as the bells of a cathedral which cries to say:” see me, I live ,I shall create, and I shall build a world which is beyond human desires and imagination. (14)

The creation of architecture drives from the artistic imagination and mentally images of artist which find its way by the help of the principles equivocalness in to the building and lead itself to the limits of examination and wresting, where music have a high and great place. (15)

Therefore the result is : no matter how we look and understand . these matters, there is always a great relation between architecture and music and even we can claim that these two are one.

3-3-similar points of Architecture and music

-the same real and virtual spaces both in architecture and music-vulgar music = native architecture-religious music = religious architecture -classical and permanent music = classical and ancient architecture -Imitation and similarity both in architecture and music-tallness and high in architecture = acsan and ascendant in music-establishing rhythm on the elevation of a building = rhythm and time in music -sense in the architecture = sense in music-mathematics in architecture = mathematics in theory of music-acoustic both in architecture and music-repetition of motives in a building = repetition of motives in music-symmetry both in architecture and music -harmony in architecture = harmony in music-the important of psychology both in architecture and music-participating natural phenomenon both in architecture and music(16)

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Figure 5- tune of a building

4- Architecture and literature

When we want to define literature ,there will be many methods in describing it. Also there are million theories about the meaning of literature and its literary spaces and these were the cause of formatting different societies with different believes. But the only similar point between the occeon of all these theories was spaces which are the literary virtual spaces.In the Webster dictionary a collection of the whole written relics in unique language in one country is called literature. Therefore literature is all about poetry and prose pieces which contains the most meaningful and sensitive power of expressing. (17)

Literary spaces derives from history and archetypes used to be in a reality but as time passed it change into stories and imagination of people and built literary virtual spaces. Therefore the architectural skeleton of literary spaces is carried from virtual spaces which have been derive from real spaces and real architecture, which once used to be formed ,or is going to be formed. So we can get the result that these spaces are not imagination, but there is a deep meaning hidden inside them, which is the collective conscious or what we call preexistent memory. (18) (Figure 6)The poet purpose is not to transfer a mentally picture but is, inspiring kind of sensual condition. The poet is filled will desirable enjoyment of brightness vision of morning ,when he see it and he wants to share this feeling with his auditor. For reading to this aim he does not have to picture all the details of that landscape in his auditor’s mind, few touches is enough to bright up his mind and wake an extraordinary condition in his memory to see and feel nothing but what the poet explained and now only important matter is his sensual condition which is passing through his mind. The poet seeks for unanimity that is why he wishes to make the same enjoyment in the other’s spirit. (19)

The important matter in the literary spaces are sensible and spiritual perceptions. The literary spaces picture a real space in the eyes of auditor and then by making spiritual perception which drives from sensible perception, he shall be able to enter the virtual literary space. From the point of view of Martin Heidegger, poetry has the highest and most important position between the categories of art. He believes that although purpose of poetry is unique between all the other art but also there are similarities in them. He said: "the definite meaning of poetry has the distinguished position between all the other art, because the nature of any type of art is kind of a poetry." (20)

Now we shall reach to this two categories after what I explained about comparing the virtual spaces of architecture and literature on each. (Figure 7)

Literary space

To be able to explain these two factors, I shall use literature comparisons.

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character of space , which is the result of spiritual perception that analyses mind in

order to create a space

A virtual space which is the virtual images of real spaces in the format words

Figure 6- sense of literature in space

Figure 7- virtual space of literature

4-1-Virtual space, A vision of real space

Some times we use real spaces with it’s original names in the place of literary spaces, although it seems that the space is a real space, but in the meaning of it will tell us a story about a virtual space. Here I shall explain some examples.1.“Now Hafez house is a royal courtAs the heart ravisher departed, beloved one arrived” (Hafez) (21)

-Royal court: Is a sign of dignity in a holy, spiritual architecture-The virtual space of house: The inner dignity of Hafez and the divine favour to Hafez, It is also sign of Darvish’s1 virtual space of heart -So if we bring the two real and virtual spaces next to each other, we can define such a firm structure with a trustful space of architecture(Figure 8)2.“Heaven but the vision of fulfilled desire,And Hell the shadow of a soul on fire,Cast on the darkness in to which ourselves,So late emerged from, shall so soon expire,” (Khayyam) (22) -Heaven: Greenness, Silence, Relaxing moments remind us of spaces in Heaven -Hell: Remind us of warm colours, A space filled with fire, The grief and madness inside us makes a fire that remind us of spaces in Hell(Figure 9)3.“Cutting me from cane-brakeMen and woman moaned of my cry” (Molana) (23) -Cane-brake: Both real and virtual spaces are conformed on each other, A vision of cane brake is pictured in human mind-The sense that feels from this space is a grief moment of separation from the Heaven and God(Figure 10)4.“In a moonlit night, passing from that alley with out you,With all my heart, stared and searched you,” (Fereydon Moshiri) (24)

-Alley: sign of an amorously virtual space, Also alley in reality is a real space but in virtuality is sign of remembrance of his love(Figure 11)5.“To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe sling and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them. To die: to sleep;No more; and by a sleep to say we end” (Hamlet, William Shakespeare) (25)

-To be: Being is a sign of reality so it is talking about living in a real space-Sea of troubles: A vision of a virtual space, It is a grief moment which is conformed on a real space

4-2-Character of a virtual space in Literature

This type of virtual space is the result of poet’s soul that has filled to reality, the land of Architecture. Here I shall explain some examples.1.“The empyrean does not have any alter except love, The world does not have water with out land of love ,Be the slave of love, this is the main thought,This is the profession of all genostics,” (Nezami) (26) -A kind of space of empyrean and world, which any person can find and feel love and can picture it in his mind.-Beauty is found in this space, but the scale of finding beauty

and feeling and reaching to love, depends on person. (Figure 12)

1 - Darvish: An indigentman

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Figure 8- Hafez Royal court

Figure 9- conformation of virtual and real space of Heaven

and Hell Painting by the author

Figure 10- men and cane - brake

Figure 11- real and virtual alley

Figure 12- empyrean love space

2.“Frenzied, annoyed heart, ruffianly me,Flagrant lover in your town,If there is any body madder than mad folk,Dearest, I am, sweared to God I am, I am,” (Simin Behbahani) (27) -Character of the virtual space of city: Vision of an imaginary square or alley or any place which is alive, Looking and laughing to a person. (Figure 13)3.“If thee come to my track,Come slow and gentle,For the sake of not to crack, My tiny porcelain of my lonliness,” (Sohrab Sepehri) (28)

-Character of virtual space: A glass city which makes the virtual space of the poet’s imagination, and it shall be broken by furiousness of time. (Figure 14)4.“Yet each man kills the things he loves,By each let this be heard,Some do it with a bitter look, Some with a flattering word, The coward does it with a kiss, The brave man with a sword, And some when they are old,Some strangle with the hands of lust,Some with the hands of gold,The kindest use a knife, because the dead so soon grow cold,” (Oscar Wilde) (29)

-Character of virtual space: A grief virtual space which has the factor of time, Beginning of modernity which darkness grows in to spirituality and took away all desires. (Figure 15)

4-3 similar points of architecture and literature

- Real space in architecture = Virtual space in literature -Harmony, both in architecture and literature-Geometry and proportion in architecture = Geometry in literature-Symmetry, both in architecture and literature-Objectivity in architecture = Subjectivity in literature -Sense, both in architecture and literature-Inspiration of nature, both in architecture and literature

5- The virtual space of music and architecture

As I explained space in literature and music is totally a virtual space. It is a space which is the picture of imagination and subjectivity. Sometimes these mentally subjective matters are the result of carnateing the objectivity in the virtual space and sometimes the subjectivity is the final desires of human from objectivity and reality. And according to human believes the greatest structional position of virtual spaces set place in these two art. Now by combining these two art, in the shape of "Music of the poetry" which means having rhythm and weight, that makes poetry, musical and make a difference between poetry and prose, or even in the shape of " Poetry of music", that is a pure music acompanied by words, that makes song, the virtual space shall be created.After hearing a song or a poem, the pleasant desired feeling, that we feel, is because of a pictured vision of the meaning of it in our mind, also because of the type of words and special kind of combaining them in that poem. (30) Music creates imagined sounds from the environment, which are imitation of birds twittering, sound of walking and…., but these are only the external views of music. The difference between music and other art is the method of its declaration, which it will be able to picture the reactions of human to the environment or his inner life. (31) The poems of any poet is a representation of his soal and spirituality. Also the description in the poet pieces are different from the

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Figure 13- mad in a mad society

Figure 14- track of lonliness

Figure 15- death

other. (32) When music and poem accompany each other, they make song and the participation of these two type of virtual spaces creates a third condition, which is the highest point of human feelings, the kind of inner feeling of a song is different according to its poet or song writer or … but the virtual space, which is the space of a song is the nearest to exactness and real space. (33)

6-The trinity of real and virtual spaces

The result of all I have said till now, is that, the exactness and the spirituality, the objectivity and the subjectivity, the concept and the context of all the spaces conforms on one other. By conforming the two virtual spaces of music and literature on the real space of architecture, we shall lead to a trinity that proves, the nature of all these three type of art is in a relation with each other and are in a position of conformation so the relation of these three revealed a unity which is the result of human desires and the exact sample of it can be seen in architecture.

architecture

music literatureThe best example of this trinity can be seen in Azan and also in the opera.

6-1 Azan

Azan is a call for prayers to do their religious duties. The muezzin is responsible for calling the faithful to worship in the mosque while doing his duty for calling, his hands cupping his mouth. The call consists of seven very specific phrases:-Aallau Akbar, Allahu Akbar: " God is most great, God is most great"-Ash-hadu anna Muhammad rasul Allah:" I testify that Mohammad is the prophet of God "(twice);-Haya’ala as-salat, haya’ala as salat: "Come to prayer" (twice);-Haya’ala al-falah , haya’ala al-falah: "Come to salvation or deliverance" (twice);-Allahu Akbar:"God is most great" (twice);-La ilaha ilal-Lah:" There is not god but God";(34) (Figure 16)The highest symbol of this trinity can be seen in Azan a spiritual an heavenly music that along its musical and literary virtual spaces, has buit a virtual volume of architecture which the exact sample of it can be seen in the real spaces of mosque or any religious place. Now if in a morning we see the minirats of a mosque or any spiritual architectural element, although we have not heard Azan yet, a tune begins to whistle in our inner spaces that is the virtual sound of Azan in human mind.

6-2 Opera

Musical drama made up of vocal pieces with orchestral accompaniment, overtures, and interludes. Opera was invented at the end of the 16’th century in an attempt by the Camerata1 to imitate ancient Greek drama, which was known to have largely sung or chanted.(35). Like a play, opera is a story acted out onstage. But in an opera the performers usually don’t speak at all. Their songs don’t happen

1 - Camerata: an academy of Florentine poets, musicians, and scholars

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space

Figure 16- Azan, calling by Moazen

between conversations, but rather their songs are the conversations. The music an orchestra plays for an opera is as important to the overall effect as the singing.(36)

In the opera same as azan we have a trinity of all three spaces. The virtual spaces of music and literature is between the literary songs of singers and the musicians. They try to explore all these spaces within their acts, therefore an imaginary virtual space shall be pictured in the audiences mind, mean while the real space it self is the architecture of the stage and also the opera building with it’s specific architectural details, built only for a special reason and that is to make the heavenly senses in human alive so they can be relived only for few hours from this world. So we get the result that at the same time the two virtual spaces of literature and music and the real space of architecture is conformed on one another and make a trinity. (Figure 17)

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Figure 17- scene of an Opera

Bibliography

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