Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Middle East in 1914

The League of Nations Mandates

Treaty of Lausanne, 1923

Modern Turkey Is Born.

“New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!

Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan.

Prince Abdullah “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinctgeographic regions].

The House of Saud put on the throne of thenewly-created Saudi Arabia.

The Pahlavi Family put on the throne of a new Iran.

Mustafa Kemal leads a military/nationalistmovement in Turkey.

ZionismTheodor HerzlA movement devoted to the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Zionism

Theodore Herzl1860-1904

GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish peoplein its ancestralhomeland ofPalestine.

Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.

First Zionist Conference, 1897

Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, orThe Jewish State in 1896.

Met in Basel, Switzerland.

Creates the First Zionist Congress.

Becomes an international Jewishorganization.

“Next Year in Jerusalem!”

Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 × In 1920, there

was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.

× By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.

The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917

Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary

His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…

British Mandate in PalestineCreatedJuly, 1922

Palestine Population in 1946

Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System First one founded in 1908.

Communal living.

“Make the DesertBloom!”

Role of the United NationsIn 1947 the united Nations drew up a plan to divide Palestine into 2 statesArab StateJewish State

Migration to PalestineJewish migration to Palestine began in the 1800sMany Jewish survivors of the Holocaust began migrating to Palestine after WWII

U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

State of IsraelIn 1948 Jewish leaders in Palestine declared the birth of Israel.Israel was recognized by both the US and USSR.

Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948

David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister

Chaim Weizmann,1st President

1948 Arab Invasion plans of Israel ( in red.)

From Lebanon and Syria

From Transjordan and Iraq

From Egypt

War Begins!: May 15, 1948

Arab Refugees, 1948

The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

Armistice Signed, 1949

Arab-Israeli WarsSoon after independence Arab states attacked Israel.Arabs vowed to restore Palestine as an Arab State.As a result of the wars Israel doubled in size.

Arab-Israeli Wars1948 and 1956 1967 - six day war1973 – Yom Kippur war

Arab PalestiniansIn 1948 700,000 Arabs became refugees.The Arab refugees experienced poverty and discrimination.Many dreamed of an Arab Palestinian state.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

Led by Yasir ArafatThe PLO used terrorism and fought a guerilla war against Israel home and abroad.

Camp David Accords1979

First peace agreement between an Arab nation and Israel.Anwar Sadat – EgyptMechan Begin – IsraelSadat was eventually assassinated by Muslim extremists in 1981.

The Intifada1987

Young Palestinians mounted the intifada or uprising.Teenagers defied Israeli soldiers with tactics such as throwing rocks an homemade bombs.

Middle East Peace PlanIn 1993 Yasir Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin signed a historic peace agreement.Palestinians in Gaza and Jericho were given limited self rule.

Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia! First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman

in Persiain 1908.

Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911 drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia.

Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledgingallegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul,promised exclusive oil rights to the British.

Kuwait became a British protectorate in November, 1914.

In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.

Oil Becomes the New International“Coin of the Realm!”

American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gainoil concessions in Bahrainin 1929.

In 1933, American oil

companies win an oilconcession in Saudi Arabia.

ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.