AR06 keyactivities budget

Headquarters aaccttiivviittiieess

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Vientiane, Laos. Samplesof crystal methampheta-mine, also known as “Ice”,are tested in the DrugTesting Laboratory of theMinistry of Health. Thesamples were seized fromtraffickers Photo: Alessandro Scotti

Research and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Convention support and legal advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Transnational organized crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Counter-narcotics and law enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Combating money-laundering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Fighting corruption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Criminal justice reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Countering terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Preventing drug abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83Scientific support for drug control activities . . . . . . . . . . . .84

UUNNOODDCC ANNUAL REPORT 2007

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Policy and trend analysis is one of three main prioritiesfor UNODC, which continued to work closely withGovernments to improve drugs and crime data collec-tion, research and analysis.

The World Drug Report 2006, UNODC's flagship publi-cation, presented an analysis of trends in world drugmarkets. The Report highlighted progress made in 2005,but drew attention to three areas of concern: heroinsupply in Afghanistan, rising cocaine demand in Europeand cannabis demand globally. A special chapter oncannabis showed that an estimated 162 million peopleuse the drug, equivalent to 4 per cent of the global pop-ulation aged between 15-64 years. While the problemposed by cannabis continued to grow, many facts aboutthe supply of and demand for this drug remain obscure.

In 2006, 92 per cent of the world's opium was producedin Afghanistan, where cultivation increased by 59 percent and production was up 49 per cent. Falling opium poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle—Laos,Myanmar and Thailand—was a little-noticed successstory in 2006. Myanmar recorded a decrease of 29 percent in areas under poppy cultivation. This reductionbrought the total decline in the region since 1998 to 85 per cent, according to the 2006 Opium PoppyCultivation in the Golden Triangle survey.

After the impressive decline in coca cultivation inColombia in the first half of the decade, the area under

cultivation increased by 8 per cent in 2005. However,due to simultaneous decreases in Bolivia and Peru, thetotal area under coca cultivation in the Andes in 2005remained at about the same level as in 2004. A specialchapter of the Coca Cultivation in the Andean Regionreport discussed the environmental effects of illicit drugcultivation and processing. While deforestation andwater and soil pollution were identified as problems, thestudy found that very little reliable data were availableto measure the extent of the problem accurately.

The dearth of data continued to hamper the effectivemonitoring of international crime trends. By November2006, only 72 of the 192 United Nations MemberStates had responded to the 9th United Nations Surveyon Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal JusticeSystems. This highlighted the need to strengthen fur-ther the international reporting system for crime statis-tics.

UNODC's “Data for Africa” project supported nationaland regional initiatives, such as surveys in Cape Verdeand a review of the data collection for Nigeria'sNational Master Plan on Drugs. UNODC also produced astudy on Organized Crime and Irregular Migrationsfrom Africa to Europe. Although the true extent of theprofits made in smuggling human beings is not fullyknown, the report included estimates of the size of themarket, and highlighted the countries most affected andthe routes used by smugglers.

RReesseeaarrcchh aanndd aannaallyyssiiss

Coca Cultivation in the Andean Region, June 2006

UNODC is the custodian of international legal instru-ments in the areas of drugs, transnational organizedcrime, corruption and terrorism. The Office is also theguardian of a considerable body of internationally rec-ognized principles in crime prevention and criminal jus-tice, encompassing such issues as juvenile justice, thetreatment of offenders, international cooperation, goodgovernance, victim protection and violence againstwomen. UNODC also helps countries to reform theircriminal justice systems.

UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss ccrriimmee ccoonnvveennttiioonnss

UNODC works to attain universal ratification of the fiveUnited Nations crime conventions adopted by theGeneral Assembly of the United Nations—the UnitedNations Convention against Transnational OrganizedCrime (Palermo Convention) and its three Protocols onhuman trafficking, smuggling of migrants and illicitmanufacture of and trafficking in firearms, as well asthe United Nations Convention against Corruption(Merida Convention). The inaugural session of theConference of the States Parties to the MeridaConvention was held in Jordan in December 2006.

UNODC's Convention support includes the provision oflegislative drafting assistance, the development of aseries of Legislative Guides for the implementation of theUnited Nations crime conventions and the provision ofadvice on international cooperation in criminal matters.

LLeeggaall aassssiissttaannccee

UNODC gave legal advice and legislative assistance in2006 to a number of countries in Africa, Asia, theCaribbean and Eastern Europe. Activities included assis-tance in upgrading national drug control laws, draftingnew legislation on international judicial cooperation,special investigative techniques, pre-trial destruction ofnarcotic drugs and advice on reforms of judicial sys-tems.

The Office provided justice system training in countriesin Eastern Europe, North Africa, South and CentralAmerica and Western and South-Eastern Asia. Judgesand prosecutors participated in mock trials and went onstudy tours.

UNODC developed a new software tool in 2006 to helplegal professionals write effective mutual legal assis-tance requests and went to work on a similar tool forextradition requests.

An on-line legal library of the legislation adopted bycountries to implement the international drug controlconventions is maintained by UNODC. The Office alsomaintains a comprehensive directory of nationalauthorities empowered to transmit or execute requestsfor extradition or mutual legal assistance.

UNODC updated the Compendium of United NationsStandards and Norms in Crime Prevention and CriminalJustice, first published in 1992, and was developingnew legal tools such as the model legislative provisionsrelated to the Guidelines on Justice in Matters involvingChild Victims and Witnesses of Crime.

headquarters activities

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CCoonnvveennttiioonn ssuuppppoorrtt aanndd lleeggaall aaddvviiccee

Signing international conventions

UNODC's Transnational Organized Crime programmeprovides technical assistance to help countries imple-ment the United Nations Convention againstTransnational Organized Crime and its Protocols. Thisincludes providing recommendations for new orstrengthened laws, improving the institutional andoperational capacities of law-enforcement and judicialbodies, international cooperation and legal assistancebetween countries and data collection.

UNODC provided advisers and mentors to work withGovernments. In South America, the regional legaladviser conducted assessments in Ecuador, El Salvador,Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. Training on specialinvestigative techniques was given in Honduras.

In August, UNODC and Interpol provided training tointelligence analysts from El Salvador, Guatemala,Honduras and Nicaragua on specialized software and anetwork of analysts was set up.

In Peru, UNODC helped to draft legislation on specialinvestigative techniques, witness protection and humantrafficking. In Ecuador, equipment was provided toassist law-enforcement agencies. UNODC also providedWest African police, prosecutors and judges with men-tors and training.

Increased UNODC outreach to NGOs resulted in greaterNGO participation in intergovernmental meetings in2006. The Third Session of the Conference of Parties tothe United Nations Convention against TransnationalCrime attracted 50 per cent more NGO participants thanduring the previous session. UNODC launched a newdatabase containing information on over 1,500 NGOsworking in drug control, crime prevention and criminaljustice.

CCoouunntteerr--kkiiddnnaappppiinngg

With financial support from the Government ofColombia and contributions from experts from 16 coun-tries, UNODC developed a Counter-Kidnapping Manualto give police officers and policy-makers concreteguidelines on how to respond to kidnappings effectively.

It identifies different types of kidnapping—including for extortion or political purposes—and advisesGovernments on devising effective legislation, preven-tive measures and contingency plans. It comes with a

separate checklist providing practical guidance to seniorpolice investigators, covering subjects such as negotia-tion, surveillance and intervention options.

In March, a training course based on the Manual waspiloted in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, for seniorpolice officers from the Caribbean. Training also tookplace in Asuncion, Paraguay, in August for participantsfrom Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador,Paraguay and Venezuela.

CCoommbbaattiinngg ttrraaffffiicckkiinngg iinn ffiirreeaarrmmss

Trends in illicit trafficking indicate a link between theillegal firearms trade and other crimes such as drug andhuman trafficking and terrorism.

UNODC is developing guidelines to assist Member Stateswith implementation of the Protocol against the IllicitManufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, TheirParts and Components and Ammunition. A first expertgroup meeting in Vienna in November focused on themarking, tracing and identification of firearms, as wellas on establishing effective systems for their export,import and transit licensing. Further workshops wereplanned for 2007.

WWiittnneessss pprrootteeccttiioonn

UNODC began drafting international guidelines on wit-ness protection programmes in a series of expert work-shops. The guidelines were due to be completed by mid-2007.

In July, an expert meeting was held in Chile to finalizea draft model law on witness protection for LatinAmerican countries. The first Latin American regionalconference of the International Association ofProsecutors discussed witness protection, with supportand expertise from UNODC.

TTrraaffffiicckkiinngg iinn hhuummaann oorrggaannss

Trafficking in human organs, fuelled by growingdemand for transplants, is a lucrative business fororganized criminal groups.

The removal of human organs is included in the defini-tion of exploitation in the Trafficking in PersonsProtocol of the Convention against Transnational


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TTrraannssnnaattiioonnaall oorrggaanniizzeedd ccrriimmee

Organized Crime. A UNODC study, entitled Preventing,Combating and Punishing Trafficking in Human Organs,was presented to the Commission on Crime Preventionand Criminal Justice at its fifteenth session in Vienna in2006. The study showed that the extent of the problemof trafficking in human organs remains unclear.

GGlloobbaall CCoonnttaaiinneerr CCoonnttrrooll PPrrooggrraammmmee

The UNODC Container Control Programme, which start-ed in 2005, helps police and customs authorities indeveloping countries to identify and inspect containers,which might contain illicit goods or materials.

The programme was piloted in Ecuador and Senegal,where Joint Port Control Units were established, withtraining provided by UNODC and the World CustomsOrganization (WCO). In Ecuador in March, theGuayaquil Joint Port Control Unit intercepted a con-signment of cocaine with a street value of around $US556 million.

The container project was due to be extended to theEcuadorean port of Manta in early 2007, with Ghanaand Pakistan next in line.


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Members of a new Container Control Programme unit, set up with UNODC assistance, stand to attention in the port of Dakar,Senegal


UNODC works with police, prosecutors and judges tohelp countries respond more effectively to illicit drugtrafficking, providing technical assistance and the services of regional law-enforcement advisers. In 2006,training manuals, covering specialist topics such ascriminal intelligence, undercover operations and sur-veillance, were distributed through UNODC field officesworldwide.

PPaarriiss PPaacctt

Under the Paris Pact initiative to limit the trafficking ofAfghan opiates through Western and Central Asia andEurope, two Expert Round Table meetings were con-ducted in 2006 on cross-border cooperation and intelli-gence exchanges between Afghanistan and its neigh-

bours. The meetings also improved counter-narcoticscooperation between the States of the Gulf CooperationCouncil and the Paris Pact partners.

In Moscow in June, the Government of the RussianFederation, in cooperation with UNODC, organized thesecond Ministerial Conference on Drug TraffickingRoutes from Afghanistan. The Conference adopted theMoscow Declaration, which highlighted the importanceof international support for Afghanistan in implement-ing its National Drug Control Strategy.

RReeggiioonnaall iinntteelllliiggeennccee--sshhaarriinngg

Five Central Asian States—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—as well asAzerbaijan and the Russian Federation agreed inFebruary to set up a regional intelligence centre to helpfight drug trafficking. The Central Asian RegionalInformation and Coordination Centre (CARICC), sup-ported by UNODC, will be based in Almaty, Kazakhstan.Gulf States agreed to set up a similar body—the GulfCentre for Criminal Intelligence—in Qatar, also withUNODC technical support.

Modelled on Europol, the intelligence centre of the EU,both Centres were due to be operational by mid-2007,helping to improve information exchange amongnational police services and leading to more drugseizures and arrests of drug smugglers.

CCoommppuutteerr--bbaasseedd ttrraaiinniinngg

Computer-based training is an important part of thetechnical assistance provided by UNODC in the counter-narcotics field. Over 150 hours of law-enforcementtraining is now offered in various languages. In 2006there were 63 individual syllabus modules and morewere under development. The syllabus covers issuesincluding profiling, targeting, risk assessment andsearching at land borders, sea and airports, precursorchemicals, human trafficking and money-laundering.Already available in 15 countries, the training was setto expand across the Balkans, Brazil, the Pacific Islandsand West Africa.

CCoouunntteerr--nnaarrccoottiiccss aanndd llaaww eennffoorrcceemmeenntt

Drug seizures in Central Asia. Photo: Stefano Zardini

In 2006, UNODC provided legal and policy assistance toover 50 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and thePacific through field-based experts operating under thementor programme. New mentors began work inEastern and Southern Africa, the Middle East, NorthAfrica and Latin America, sharing their expertise withtheir local counterparts.

An information database known as the Anti-MoneyLaundering International Database (AMLID) SecondRound of Legal Analysis was launched, reflecting thelegal analysis of countries’ efforts to counter money-laundering and the financing of terrorism.

In September, the General Assembly of the UnitedNations adopted the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, which encourages UNODC to domore to help Member States comply fully with interna-tional norms to combat money-laundering and thefinancing of terrorism.

In 2006, UNODC began to participate in the UnitedNations Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate coun-try assessment visits. Money-laundering and terrorismfinancing experts assessed countries' compliance withSecurity Council Resolution 1373 of 2001, which seeks

to offer a comprehensive response to the problem ofcombating terrorism.

The Financial Action Task Force for South Americabecame the tenth partner organization of theInternational Money Laundering Information Network(IMoLIN), a one-stop research source administered byUNODC. UNODC continued to upload the monthlyCentral Asia Newsletter, a joint UNODC/World Bankelectronic publication in English and Russian onIMoLIN, for e-mail distribution to over 500 recipients.As the most comprehensive online repository of legisla-tion and analysis, IMoLIN is relied on by Governmentand law-enforcement officials.

UNODC strengthened its computer-based training pro-gramme by translating the training modules intoAmharic, Arabic and Russian. Training classrooms wereestablished in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, CostaRica, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guyana,Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent andthe Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.

In a joint initiative with the OSCE, UNODC conducted aworkshop on money-laundering and terrorism financingfor prosecutors from Eastern and Southern Europe.


CCoommbbaattiinngg mmoonneeyy--llaauunnddeerriinngg

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Sample case of money-laundering producedwith software devel-oped by UNODC tofacilitate investigationand prosecution ofcomplex cases


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UNODC's Global Programme against Corruption,launched in 1999, provides Member States with techni-cal assistance to improve the judicial and other institu-tions needed in the fight against corruption. UNODCalso supports the formulation and dissemination of bestpractices, policies and tools to prevent and control cor-ruption.

To date, the programme has trained government repre-sentatives, individual experts, NGOs and private sectorentities from over 100 countries. It has provided spe-cialized training to more than 1,000 national officials,

in particular judges, prosecutors and investigators incharge of anti-corruption work.

Altogether, 14 countries have benefited from long-termtechnical assistance projects. UNODC has also advisedcountries through regional and subregional workshopson a wide range of issues related to strengthening theirlegal and institutional capacities.

Through public service announcements, posters, flyers,radio and TV shows, particularly for the InternationalDay against Corruption observed on 9 December each

FFiigghhttiinngg ccoorrrruuppttiioonn

Image taken from the UNODC campaign leaflet for the International Day against Corruption, 9 December 2006

year, UNODC reaches millions of citizens globally, rais-ing awareness and encouraging them to take an activestand against corruption.

CCrriimmiinnaall aaccttiioonn

UNODC provided advice and technical assistance to theEconomic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria,the country's leading anti-corruption agency. TheCommission conducted several top-level investigations,resulting in the prosecution of State Governors, parlia-mentarians and the Inspector General of Police, as wellas the recovery of assets worth more than $US 5 billion.

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From 2001 to 2006, UNODC assisted the judiciaries ofIndonesia, Nigeria and South Africa in strengtheningtheir judicial institutions. UNODC's comprehensiveassessments of the state of corruption in the judiciaryhelped to put policies and action plans into practice.These helped to enhance the integrity of judicial offi-cers, increase the transparency of the judicial processand bring corrupt officials to account. In Nigeria, forexample, a considerable number of judges and magis-trates were removed.

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UNODC continued to support the work of the group of Chief Justices and senior judges. A key outcome of this work was the development of the BangalorePrinciples of Judicial Conduct, a comprehensive set ofprofessional ethics for judges, which were endorsed by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in2006 and recommended to Member States for domesticadaptation.

PPaarrttnneerrsshhiipp aanndd ccooooppeerraattiioonn

UNODC and the United Nations Office for InternalOversight Services form the secretariat for theInternational Group for Anti-Corruption Coordination(IGAC), which brings together more than 30 multilateraland bilateral organizations active in anti-corruption

policy development, internal oversight and advocacy.IGAC has improved cooperation and enabled moreeffective use of limited resources to implement theConvention against Corruption.

CCoonnffeerreennccee ooff SSttaatteess PPaarrttiieess ttoo tthhee UUnniitteeddNNaattiioonnss CCoonnvveennttiioonn aaggaaiinnsstt CCoorrrruuppttiioonn

The first session of the Conference of States Parties tothe United Nations Convention against Corruption tookplace in Jordan in December. UNODC held three side-events bringing together representatives of civil societyand the private sector, anti-corruption authorities andparliamentarians to discuss their expectations from Governments and to examine their own roles in the effective implementation of the Convention. A coalition of Civil Society Friends of the UnitedNations Convention against Corruption consisting ofsome 45 organizations from over 30 countries was alsoestablished.

TTeecchhnniiccaall aassssiissttaannccee ttoooollss

Work began to develop technical assistance tools,including:

• Technical guide for the Implementation of the UnitedNations Convention against Corruption, aimed at sup-porting policy-makers and legal practitioners.

• Handbook on Preventive Anti-Corruption Measuresfor Small and Medium Enterprises with the UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO). The handbook provides small businesses,which often cannot afford large-scale anti-corruptionand corporate ethics programmes, with simple andeasy-to-implement tools to reduce the risk of thembecoming involved in corrupt practices.

• Commentary on the Bangalore Principles of JudicialConduct, and a guide on strengthening judicialintegrity and capacity. The commentary will providejudicial disciplinary and oversight bodies with guid-ance to interpret and enforce the BangalorePrinciples, while the guide gives an overview of goodpractices necessary to strengthen judicial independ-ence, integrity, accountability and capacity.


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UNODC works to help improve the lives of some of themost vulnerable people around the world: those whocome into contact with the criminal justice system,including women and children.

In many countries a large proportion of adults and chil-dren who commit offences or who are arrested andprosecuted for alleged offences come from the poorestneighbourhoods and/or belong to minorities. Many chil-dren and young people were themselves victims beforebecoming offenders.

A key UNODC priority is to prevent child and youthinvolvement in activities that might lead to crime.UNODC does this by promoting national crime preven-tion strategies and supporting NGO networks. UNODCalso supports countries in setting up criminal justicesystems that are fair, efficient and accountable andwhich enforce respect for the human rights of offendersand victims.

The main challenges in this area are over-reliance ondetention, including pre-trial detention, coupled withvery poor prison conditions in many countries; the lackof criminal justice strategies taking into account victimsof crime and the need to reintegrate offenders into soci-ety; the inappropriate handling by many criminal jus-tice systems of women and children who have beensubjected to abuse (in particular sexual abuse), and thelack of oversight mechanisms in criminal justice sys-tems around the world.

In 2006, UNODC gave practical assistance to criminaljustice officials, policy-makers, international organiza-tions and NGOs and produced special tools.

CCrriimmiinnaall jjuussttiiccee rreeffoorrmm aanndd rruullee ooff llaaww

The Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit, launched in2006, was designed to help practitioners reform theirown criminal justice systems and bring them into linewith international standards. It also enables advisersfrom the United Nations and other bodies to conductassessments of the justice systems in individual coun-tries and identify areas for technical assistance. Writtenby a team of criminal justice experts from UNODC andthe OSCE, the Toolkit covers policing, access to justice,prison and alternatives to incarceration, as well as otherissues such as juvenile justice and the treatment of vic-tims and witnesses. Divided into 16 modules, it providesdetailed and comprehensive guidance for practitionersand will be updated with regular feedback from users.

CChhiillddrreenn iinn tthhee ccrriimmiinnaall jjuussttiiccee ssyysstteemm

In order to improve the treatment of children by thecriminal justice system, UNODC, UNICEF and the NGOInternational Bureau for Children's Rights produced achild-friendly version of the United Nations Guidelineson Justice in Matters involving Child Victims andWitnesses of Crime. This document is available in thesix official languages of the United Nations.

CCrriimmiinnaall jjuussttiiccee rreeffoorrmm

Overcrowded prison in the Caribbean

To assist Governments in designing policies relating tochildren in conflict with the law that conform to inter-national standards, UNICEF and UNODC produced aManual on the Measurement of Juvenile JusticeIndicators.

AAlltteerrnnaattiivveess ttoo iimmpprriissoonnmmeenntt

UNODC has encouraged criminal justice policy-makersto go beyond the use of imprisonment by producingseparate handbooks on Restorative Justice Programmesand Alternatives to Imprisonment. In Malawi, UNODCworked with the NGO Penal Reform International totrain paralegals (non-lawyers) to provide initial legal

assistance to prisoners in a number of post-conflictcountries, starting in Liberia.

VViioolleennccee aaggaaiinnsstt wwoommeenn

Millions of women worldwide are affected by violence.The first officials that most victims come into contactwith after violent incidents are the police. However, inmany countries the police are ill-prepared to give sup-port and investigate such offences and in some caseswomen are re-victimized through their contact with thepolice. UNODC began work on a handbook for lawenforcement officials on effective responses to violenceagainst women.

On 8 September 2006, the General Assembly of theUnited Nations adopted the Counter-Terrorism Strategy.This was a landmark event, as it was the first time thatall 192 Member States had agreed on a commonapproach to fighting terrorism. The Strategy recognizedthe role of UNODC in such key areas as internationalcriminal justice and international cooperation in crimi-nal matters, and it encouraged UNODC to enhance itstechnical assistance to Member States.

As a result, UNODC reinforced its technical assistance inthe legal aspects of counter-terrorism by facilitating theratification and implementation of the internationalconventions and protocols relating to the preventionand suppression of terrorism. During 2006, it provided54 countries with assistance and conducted 11 regionalworkshops involving more than 82 countries, trainingapproximately 1,700 criminal justice officials. UNODCalso worked to assist cooperation between criminal jus-tice agencies at the regional level, promoted the use ofgood legal and criminal justice practices in counter-ter-rorism and expanded its counter-terrorism legalresearch and legal training.

UNODC's counter-terrorism activities in 2006 con-tributed to an increasing number of ratifications of

international legal instruments. By the end ofDecember, 85 countries had ratified the first 12 international conventions and protocols relating to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, compared with 75 in 2005, and 26 in 2003.

UNODC has developed a number of technical assistancetools. One of these, the Office's counter-terrorism leg-islative database, includes the full text of the interna-tional conventions and protocols relating to the preven-tion and suppression of terrorism, along with informa-tion on the status of ratifications. The database alsocontains more than 500 laws from more than 130countries.

UNODC's technical assistance work complements thefunctions of the Counter- Terrorism Committee of theUnited Nations Security Council and its ExecutiveDirectorate. In 2006, UNODC participated in countryassessment visits of the Executive Directorate to ninecountries. UNODC also participates in the UnitedNations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force.


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UNODC continued to focus on drug abuse, prevention,treatment and rehabilitation with the aim of reducingdrug demand significantly by 2008.

In 2006, the Global Youth Network for prevention ofdrug abuse among young people continued to expandand reached more than 500 youth groups around theworld with information, resources and training throughregional networks. UNODC supported some 125 organi-zations with grants for comprehensive drug-abuse pre-vention activities. These activities reached approximate-ly 40,000 young people.

UNODC's global drug-abuse prevention work in 2006focused on the prevention of amphetamine-type stimu-lants (ATS) abuse. More people use this group of drugs,which includes amphetamines, methamphetamines andecstasy, than cocaine and opiates (such as opium andheroin) combined. Methamphetamines, in particular, cancause severe psychological problems and addiction.Together with researchers, prevention workers andyoung people, UNODC identified the most effectiveways to prevent ATS abuse and used these best prac-tices to train NGOs and policy-makers in East Asia,South Asia and Southern Africa.

UNODC developed guidelines and training materials tohelp partner organizations evaluate the success of theirprevention programmes.

“Treatnet”, the UNODC-initiated International Networkof Drug Dependence Treatment and RehabilitationResource Centres launched at the end of 2005, gotunderway. Treatnet helps to improve the provision ofdrug-treatment and rehabilitation services, includingsupport for HIV/AIDS prevention and care. The networkcomprises 20 drug-dependence treatment and rehabili-tation resource centres in 19 countries as well as anumber of associated training providers. Together, thecentres reach 80,000 clients annually.

In 2006, Treatnet had two main goals: identifying andsharing good practices for drug-dependence treatmentand rehabilitation, and helping its members to deliverbetter services. It focused on treatment in prisons,HIV/AIDS prevention and care of people with drugproblems, along with their social reintegration andrehabilitation.

A team led by the University of California at LosAngeles developed a comprehensive training packageand trained personnel at each Treatnet centre. Startingin 2007, these trainers will use their new skills to helpnurses, doctors, counsellors and social workers.

UNODC's Global Assessment Programme on Drug Abusecontinued work in Central Asia, the Middle East andNorth Africa to improve knowledge of the drug-abusesituation. The Programme has so far helped 62 coun-tries to develop the reporting of comparable data ondrug-abuse situations and trends. New regional initia-tives were launched in West and Central Africa and inthe Russian Federation.

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UUNNOODDCC wwoorrkkss wwiitthh llooccaall ppaarrttnneerrss.. An example is theKapatiran Kaularan People Coalition (KKPC) in thePhilippines. KKPC has been working in a poor suburbof Manila for more than 15 years and brings together25 local organizations working to prevent the abuseof methamphetamines and solvents among youngpeople. KKPC undertakes public awareness-raisingactivities such as marches through communities;organizing competitions, concerts and producingposters; T-shirts and leaflets; as well as promotingsports for young people.

AAnnootthheerr pprroojjeecctt ooff KKKKPPCC is the “back to school” pro-gramme, which aims to encourage a dialoguebetween parents and teachers and organizes tutorialsin mathematics, science and languages to help chil-dren to go back to school. Other services includefamily therapy, counselling sessions and recreationalactivities for the whole family.

A co-sponsor of the Joint United Nations Programmeon HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNODC is the lead agency forHIV/AIDS prevention and care among injecting drugusers and in prisons. It is also responsible for develop-ing a United Nations response to HIV/AIDS associatedwith human trafficking in countries of origin and desti-nation.

To improve data on injecting drug use, UNODC under-took rapid assessments in nine key countries. It alsoheld consultations on methamphetamine use andHIV/AIDS.

In 2006, UNODC provided technical assistance on HIVprevention and care for injecting drug users and prison-ers in partnership with Governments and civil societygroups from 25 countries, especially in Central Asia andEastern Europe.

Effective policies to prevent HIV in prisons and othercorrectional institutions are often hampered because

countries do not acknowledge the factors that con-tribute to its spread. An essential step is to createawareness among policy-makers.

As custodian of the United Nations Standard MinimumRules for the Treatment of Prisoners, UNODC assistscountries in implementing international standards forHIV/AIDS prevention and care in prisons.

Special attention is given to the needs of at-riskinmates, including juveniles, women, foreigners andprisoners from ethnic and other minorities.

In 2006, UNODC, with UNAIDS and the World HealthOrganization, developed a global strategy and a toolkitto help countries develop effective policies and establishnational HIV/AIDS programmes in prisons.

At the World AIDS Conference in Toronto in August,UNODC organized a meeting on HIV/AIDS in prisonsfor over 100 key policy-makers.


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UNODC posters for the World AIDS Conference held in Toronto, Canada


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UNODC continued to provide scientific expertise andtechnical support to Governments to ensure thatnational laboratories and other scientific institutionscan reliably provide the forensic expert servicesrequired under national legislation and internationaldrug-control treaties. This included working with theEU's Central Asian Drug Action Programme to streng-then forensic laboratory capacities in five Central Asiancountries, and improving inter-agency and internationalsharing of drug-related data.

In South and South-East Asia, UNODC focused for thefirst time specifically on laboratories and their clients(law-enforcement, regulatory and health authorities) toencourage the use of laboratory results and promotescientific support as an integral part of national drug-control frameworks. Among the outcomes of regionalcollaboration was an agreement to establish an interac-tive regional system for information exchange andknowledge-sharing among forensic laboratories andtheir clients, as well as collaborative research into theanalysis of ephedrine, a precursor chemical formethamphetamine (an amphetamine-type stimulant), as well as safrole, isosafrole and safrole-rich oils usedto make ecstasy-type substances.

UNODC scientific services in 2006 included the provi-sion of laboratory reference materials, such as hundredsof reference samples, scientific books and articles, man-

uals on laboratory analytical methods and drug andprecursor identification kits. These kits were distributedto more than 60 countries, including countries inAfrica.

The International Collaborative Exercises are a centralelement in UNODC's laboratory quality assurance sup-port to Governments, which aims to help drug-testinglaboratories worldwide to assess their performance andtake corrective actions, if necessary. UNODC distributesdrug samples to participating laboratories, which thentest and identify drugs using standard procedures.Results from all laboratories are analysed and com-pared. In 2006, more than 50 laboratories worldwideparticipated in these exercises, enabling them to pin-point and rectify weaknesses in their test procedures.

UNODC also created arange of new publica-tions to meet increasingdemand for up-to-dateanalytical methods, sci-entific support, procedur-al approaches and guide-lines for drug and pre-cursor identification andanalysis. These included

a manual on the analysis of amphetamine-type stimu-lants and, in the field of drug characterization andimpurity profiling, a Fellowship Training Programmeand Trainers' Guide. The Multilingual Dictionary onNarcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, an author-itative source of multilingual information and terminol-ogy on all controlled substances, was updated for useby national and international drug-control authorities.

In order to assist national drug-testing laboratories,UNODC, on behalf of the INCB, prepared guidelines forthe import and export of drug and precursor samplesused for reference purposes. The guidelines are aimed atlaboratories as well as national authorities that issue theimport/export authorizations required for the control ofdrugs and precursors.

A special edition of the Bulletin on Narcotics wasdevoted to “Science in Drug Control: the role of labora-tory and scientific expertise” to raise awareness of theconsiderable value of scientific contributions to drugcontrol.

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Identifying cocaine using a UNODC field testing kit

AR06 keyactivities budget

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