AQUATIC WEED CONTROL. Ponds 14,000 ponds east of highway 17.

AQUATIC WEED AQUATIC WEED CONTROLCONTROL

PondsPonds

14,000 ponds east of highway 1714,000 ponds east of highway 17

PondsPonds

Two kinds of pondsTwo kinds of pondsOnes that have weedsOnes that have weedsOnes that will have weedsOnes that will have weeds

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Photosynthesizing plantPhotosynthesizing plant

No roots, leaves, or flowersNo roots, leaves, or flowers

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Microscopic algaeMicroscopic algae: turns water green: turns water green

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

AlgaeAlgae FilamentousFilamentous: strands attach to rocks or : strands attach to rocks or

float in matsfloat in mats


AlgaeAlgae CharaChara: resemble flowering plant: resemble flowering plant

Can be toxic to fishCan be toxic to fish


Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants SubmersedSubmersed

Rooted plants that don't reach the surfaceRooted plants that don't reach the surface


Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

Floating plant that has dangling unattached Floating plant that has dangling unattached rootsroots



Water LettuceWater Lettuce



Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth



DuckweedDuckweed


Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Rooted-floatingRooted-floating

Crested Floating HeartCrested Floating Heart


Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants EmergentEmergent

Rooted and emerging above water surfaceRooted and emerging above water surface

AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH

LIGHTLIGHT Photic zonePhotic zone is the water with enough light is the water with enough light

to support growthto support growth Bottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlightBottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlight Silt water = 3"Silt water = 3" Clear water as deep as 300'Clear water as deep as 300'

AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTSNitrogen and phosphorusNitrogen and phosphorus PhosphorusPhosphorus is the limiting nutrient is the limiting nutrient

Most important to free-floating plantsMost important to free-floating plants P pollution can cause algal blooms P pollution can cause algal blooms RunoffRunoff is major contributor is major contributor

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore

Unmowed stripUnmowed strip

ShorelineShoreline

Turf will be undercutTurf will be undercut


Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore

Wetland plantsWetland plants

ShorelineShoreline

Vegetate shorelineVegetate shoreline Wetland plantsWetland plants

• Wetland carpetWetland carpet


Nutrient controlNutrient control Floating wetlandFloating wetland

Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm)Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) Absorb nutrientsAbsorb nutrients

ShorelineShoreline

Riprap shorelineRiprap shoreline Stones control emergent weedsStones control emergent weeds


Rip rapRip rapStabilize shorelineStabilize shoreline


MechanicalMechanical Weed cutters Weed cutters

that remove that remove weedsweeds

SlowSlow 2 acres/day2 acres/day


DrawdownDrawdown Solidify floating nutrientsSolidify floating nutrients Kill submersed weedsKill submersed weeds


Non-toxic blue dyesNon-toxic blue dyes Blocks light below 2'Blocks light below 2'


BiologicalBiological Alligatorweed Flea BeetleAlligatorweed Flea Beetle

Release controlled alligatorweed where flea Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinterbeetle can overwinter

Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth Mites, weevils and fungus releasedMites, weevils and fungus released Limited successLimited success


AerationAeration Fountains and turbinesFountains and turbines

Aerobic conditions support Aerobic conditions support microbes and fishmicrobes and fish

Reduce algae?Reduce algae?


Grass carpGrass carp Triploid (sterile)Triploid (sterile) Consume massive amounts of algae and Consume massive amounts of algae and

weedsweeds Live 10 yearsLive 10 years


Tilapia Tilapia Feed on algaeFeed on algaeHarvest to eatHarvest to eat


Barley balesBarley bales Releases natural chemicalReleases natural chemical Green water onlyGreen water only


UV FilterUV FilterWater passes by UV Water passes by UV bulbbulbControls algae onlyControls algae onlyAlgal cells clump Algal cells clump together or dietogether or die


ChemicalsChemicals Some that are labeled for aquatic useSome that are labeled for aquatic use Consult labelConsult label Liquid, granule or pellet formulationLiquid, granule or pellet formulation

Sinker adjuvantSinker adjuvant

AQUATIC HERBICIDESAQUATIC HERBICIDES

Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate (Cutrine) (Cutrine) Controls algae in drinking water suppliesControls algae in drinking water supplies Alkaline water (high carbonates) Alkaline water (high carbonates)

precipitate out copperprecipitate out copper Copper ChelatesCopper Chelates more stable in alkaline water more stable in alkaline water

AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES

Emerged or floating weedsEmerged or floating weeds Diquat (Reward)Diquat (Reward)

Less effective in muddy waterLess effective in muddy water 2,4-D (Aquacide)2,4-D (Aquacide) Glyphosate (Rodeo)Glyphosate (Rodeo)


HERBICIDE APPLICATIONSHERBICIDE APPLICATIONS Start control early to avoid oxygen Start control early to avoid oxygen

depletiondepletion Repeat other half after 2 weeksRepeat other half after 2 weeks

Fish KillFish Kill

MO decomposing plant MO decomposing plant material utilizes oxygenmaterial utilizes oxygen

Heavy weed or algae kill can Heavy weed or algae kill can deplete oxygen from water and deplete oxygen from water and kill fishkill fish

Control only 1/2 of areaControl only 1/2 of area High temperatures have less High temperatures have less

oxygenoxygen More susceptible to fish killMore susceptible to fish kill


Volume needed for algae and free floating Volume needed for algae and free floating weedsweeds

Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average depthdepth

Average depthAverage depth Half of maximum depthHalf of maximum depth

OROR Average of several measurementsAverage of several measurements

KiawahKiawah

115 ponds115 ponds 343 acres343 acres 49 miles of shoreline49 miles of shoreline

KiawahKiawah

Bivalves (clams) filtering capacities Attaching to grid to floating wetlands, sinking

them Herbicide Bioaugmentation Tilapia and Grass Carp

Cost about $19/A annually

Aquatic Weed DatabaseAquatic Weed Database

http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/

AQUATIC WEED CONTROL. Ponds 14,000 ponds east of highway 17.

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