Aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine eco systems Open sea Coastal Estuary and salt marshes...
-
Upload
caroline-garrett -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine eco systems Open sea Coastal Estuary and salt marshes...
Aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic Ecosystems
Marine eco systemsOpen sea
CoastalEstuary and salt marshes
Coral reefs and mangroves
An ecosystem located in water bodies
Open sea
Estuary and salt marshes
Coral reefs and mangroves
rivers, streams and springs
ponds
lakes
Fresh water ecosystems
Flowing water (rivers, streams and springs)
Static / slow moving water (ponds, lakes, pools / swamps)
Fresh Water Ecosystems
• Fresh water covers 0.8% of the Earth's surface and contain 0.009% of its total water.
• Freshwater ecosystems contain 41% of the world's known fish species.
• Two types of freshwater ecosystems:– Lotic : Flowing water (rivers, streams and springs)– Lentic: Static / slow moving water (ponds, lakes, pools)
Lotic EcosystemsSpecies adapted to live in conditions of constant flow
Variation in lotic ecosystems (even within a river or a stream) is considerable and is determined by Shape of stream / river bed (can form microhabitats) Stream / river bed's gradient Quantity of water Velocity of the current
Faster moving water has higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and therefore supports greater biodiversity
Light Temperature
most lotic species are poikilotherms, whose internal temperature varies with the surrounding temperature
Water chemistry (which changes in large rivers)
Lotic Ecosystems
riparianSunlightnutrients
decomposersPrimary producers
Macroinvertebrates
FishFrog
amphibians
reptiles
Mammals (dolphins, otters)
Reptiles (turtles, crocodiles, snakes)
Amphibians (salamander)
Fish
Macro invertebratesInsectsMolluscs (snails, clams, mussels) Crustaceans (crabs)
Bacteria
Primary producers Algae, Mosses, Liverwort,
Duckweed, Water hyacinth
Lentic EcosystemsLakes are heterogenous and not a uniform mass of water
Biodiversity within a lake is also variable and depends on
Physical characteristics LightTemperatureWater currents
Chemical characteristicsNutrientsContaminants
Lake zones
Terrestrial plantsLittoral zone
Emerged plants
Floating plants
Limnetic zone (open water)
Submerged plants
Euphotic zone
Benthic zone
Lake organismsCreatures that go where ever they choose to go
Creatures that go where ever the water takes them
Creatures that live on the lake bottom
fish
amphibians
Larger zooplanktons
Living creatures – planktonsAnimals: zooplanktons Algae : phytoplanktonBacteria : bacterioplankton
Dead creatures –DetritiusInternal: produced within lakeExternal: washed in from wash shed
AnimalsAquatic insects, clams, snailsworms, cray fish
Plantsmacrophytesperiphyton
Bacteria and fungiSewage sludge
NUTRIENTS
EAT
USE
RECYCLE
EAT
EAT
PISCIVOROUSFISH
PLANKTIVOROUSFISH
ZOOPLANKTON
ALGAE
BENTHIC ORGANISMS
The food chain in a lake
Food and energy web in a lake
DECOMPOSERS
LOSSTHROUGH
OUTLET
LOST TO SEDIMENTS
RECYCLED NUTRIENTS TERITIARY CONSUMERS
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
PRIMARY CONSUMERS
PRIMARY PRODUCERS
OUTSIDE NUTRIENTSSOLAR ENERGY
RECYCLED NUTRIENTS
Ocean zones
6,000m
10,000m
2000 to 1,000m
200m
700 to 1,000m
4 degree C
10 degree C
Marine ecosystems
Spread over 71% of the Earth’s surface
Open sea
Coastal
Estuary and salt marshes
Coral reefs and mangroves
Each is a complex ecosystem
Producers, consumers and decomposers as
in other ecosystems
http://www.earthhistory.org.uk/
http://www.nu.ac.za
http://www.learnnc.org/
http://www.geocities.com
http://www.minresco.com/australia