Aquariculture as an Alternative Livelihood to Fisherfolk

7/21/2019 Aquariculture as an Alternative Livelihood to Fisherfolk

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AQUARICULTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD TO FISHERFOLK

Notes of class on 28.11.2013 - Thursday - 10.45 AM

N.U. S.Veeramaindhan,

President, kofcos Chennai

[email protected]

Cell: 98844 21155

Types of Ornamental Fish Farms / Collection Centers

1. Freshwater Ornamental Fish Breeding Farm

2. Freshwater ornamental Fish Rearing Farm

3. Marine Ornamental Fish Breeding Farm

4. Freshwater Ornamental Aquatic Plant Culture Farm

5. Freshwater Wild Ornamental fish collection centre

6. Brackishwater wild ornamental fish collection centre

7. Marine Ornamental fish collection centre

Fresh water Ornamental Fishes and their families

Captive breeding of Fresh water Ornamental fish are more popular in India

They mostly belong to 15 families. They are:

1. Cyprinidae

2. Characida

3. Cobididae

4. Siluridae

5. Callichthyidae

6. Loricaridae

7. Melanotaenidae

8. Cyprinodontidae

9. Poecildae
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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10. Hemirhamphidae

11. Cichlidae

12. Belontidae

13. Anabontidae

14. Notopteridae

15. Mastacembelidae

Types of Ornamental fish Trading

1. Ornamental fish breeding and whole sale trading

2. Retail aquarium shop keeping

3. Ornamental fish feed production and trading

4. Ornamental fish medicines and additives production and trading

5. Aquarium furniture manufacturing

6. Aquarium servicing and maintenance

7. Whole sale trading of Aquarium accessories

8. Natural collection, culture and trading of live feeds

Cyprinids and their breeding characteristics

The family Cyprinidae is more popular in India. It includes more than 1000 species .The

important groups include

1. Koicarp

2. Gold Fish

3. Barbs

4. Danios

5. Rasboras

6. Labios

Environment for Breeding

GH 150 mg,


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PH- 7.0 - 8.5

Temperature: 26C.

Farm Status

Medium to large

Feeding

Live, Frozen and artificial Dry feed

Breeding Type

Adhesive egg layer Koi and Gold

Non adhesive egg layer - barbs

Egg scatter- lebio shark

Breeding Behavior and Season

Non - pairing and Year round breeding

Breeding Status

Easy

Fry Rearing

Easy to moderate

Availabili ty of breeders in India

Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and West Bengal

Characids and their breeding characteristics

Members of the family Characidae are more popular in India. It constitutes more than 300

species. The important groups are:

1. Neon tetra

2. Cardinal tetra

3. Phantom tetra

4. Lemon fin tetra

5. Hockey stick tetra


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6. Emperor tetra

7. Rosy tetra

8. Serpae tetra

9. Boenus aires tetra

10. Rummy nose tetra

11. Black tetra

12. Congo tetra

Breeding Environment

Gh 50 ppm, 2.Ph- 6.5 -7.0, 3.Temp. -25c

Farm Status

Small to medium

Feeding

Live, frozen and artificial dry feed.

Breeding habit and requirement

Adhesive egg layers live plants

Breeding behavior and season

Non pairing and the season is winter (year round in some species)

Breeding Status

Moderately risky and rare

Fry rearing

moderately risky and photosensitive

Breeder availability in India

Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra

Cichlids (South America)

Memebers of the family Cichlidae are very poular in India. It constitutes more than 300 species.

The important groups are:

1. Discus


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2. Angel

3. Oscar

4. Chevron

5. Texas

6. Salvini etc.

Breeding environment

Gh 50-150 ppm, 2.Ph- 5.5 -7.5, 3.Temperature: - 25-28c

Farm status

Small, medium and large

Feeding habitat

Live, frozen and artificial dry feed.

Breeding Habit

Egg depositor with parental care


Pairing and the season is year round

Breeding status

Easy and moderate

Fry rearing

Easy and moderate (Some spp. Difficult e.g. Discus)


Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and West Bengal

Cichlids (South Africa)

The South African Cichlids are poular in India. There are more than 250 species of African

Cichlids in India. Some important groups are:

1. Lemon Cichlids

2. Duboisi


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3. Moorii

4. Venus

5. Malawian Cichlids

6. Peacock Cichlids

7. Juli Cichlids

8. African dwarf Cichlids etc.


Gh 150 ppm, 2.Ph- 7.5-8.5, 3.Temp. -25-28c

Farm Status

Medium and large

Feeding habitat

Live, frozen and artificial dry feed

Breeding Habit

Egg deposition and mouth brooding


Round the Year: on pairing

Breeding status

Easy and moderate

Fry rearing

Easy and moderate

Breeder availabilit y in India

Tamil Nadu

Anabont ids and Belontids

Members of the family Anabontidae and Belontidae are more popular in India. It constitutes

more than 300 species. Some important groups are:


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Fighter Fishes

Gourami

Paradise fish


Gh 50-150 ppm, 2.Ph- 6.5-7.5, 3.Temp: -25 - 28c

Farm Status

Small and medium

Feeding habitat


Breeding Habit

Bubble nest breeder


Non pairing and year round

Breeding status

Easy and moderate

Fry rearing

Moderate and difficult


Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and West Bengal

Melanotaenids

The members of the family Melanotaenidae are popular in India. It constitutes more than 50

species.

Some important groups are:

1. Australian Rainbow fish

2. Basemans Rainbow fish

3. Neon Rainbow fish

4. Madagascar Rainbow fish


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5. Red Rainbow fish

6. Feather fin Rainbow fish etc.


Gh 150 ppm, 2.Ph- 7.5-8.5, 3.Temp. -25 - 28c

Farm Status

Small to Medium

Feeding habitat


Breeding Types

Egg adhesive on live plants



Breeding status

Easy and moderate

Fry rearing

Moderate and difficult


Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra Orissa and West Bengal

Cyprinodontids

Members of the family Cyprinodontidae are popular in India. It constitutes more than 100

species .Some important groups are:

1. American flag fish

2. Walker killie fish

3. Blue killie fish

4. Larytail killie fish

5. Clown killie fish


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6. Golden killie fish

7. Striped panchax

8. Dwarf panchax


Gh 150 ppm, 2.Ph- 7.5-8.5, 3.Temp. -25-28c

Farm Status

Small and Medium

Feeding habitat


Breeding Habit

Egg deposition over live plants and in mud


Non pairing; seasonal

Breeding Status

Moderate to difficult

Fry Rearing

Moderate to difficult


Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra

Poecilids

Members of the family Poecilidae families are more popular in India. It constitutes more than

500 species. Some important groups are:

1. Guppies

2. Mollies

3. Platties

4. Sword tails


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Gh 150 ppm, 2.Ph- 7.5-8.5, 3.Temp: -25-28c

Farm Status

Small and medium

Feeding habitat


Breeding Type

Live bearer



Breeding Status

Easy

Fry Rearing

Easy


All over India

Marine Ornamental Fishes

Successful captive breeding in India.

1. Pomacentridae (i. Clown Fishes ii. Damsel fishes and iii. Chromis)

2. Pseudochromidae (Daty back)

3. Apogonidae (Cardinal fish)


1. Salinity 30 - 35 ppt, 2.Ph- 8.2 - 8.5, 3.Temp: -25-28c

Farm Status

Small and medium


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Feeding habitat


Breeding Type

Egg depositor


Pairing and year round

Breeding status

Easy

Fry Rearing

Difficult

Standardized breeding Techniques for Marine ornamental fishes are available at

(i) Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi.

(ii) Central Marine fisheries research Institute, Mandapam and Cochin

(iii) Annamalai University, Chidambaram

Fresh water Ornamental Plants

Aquatic plants are cultivated more than 15 families and two hundred species.

It is cultivated by specialist in farms of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and West

Bengal. The following are some impoortant families:

AMARANTHACEAE

Alternanthera reineckii (pink)

Alternanthera reineckii (purple)

ARACEAE

Anubias angustifolia

Anubias barteri

Anubias caladiifolia

I) APONOGETONACEAE


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1. Aponogoton boivinianus

2. Aponogeton crispus

3. Aponogeton ulvaceus

II) AZOLLACEAE

1. Azolla caroliniana

III) SCROPHULARIACEAE

1. Bacopa australis

2. Bacopa caroliniana

3. Bacopa monnieri

IV) LOMARIOPSIDAE

1. Bolbitis heudelotii

V) COBOMBACEAE

Cabomba caroliniana

VI) BRASSICACEAE

Cardamine lyrata

VII) CERATOPHYLLACEAE

Ceratophyllum foxtail

VIII) PTERIDACEAE

Ceratopteris thalictroides

IX) CLADOPHORACEAE

Cladophora aegagropila

X) AMARYLIDACEAE

Crinum calamistratum

XI) ARACEAE

1. Cryptocoryne petchii

2. Cryptocoryne parva


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3. Cryptocryne undulata

XII) CYPERACEAE

1. Cyperus helferi

XIII) ALISMATACEAE

1. Echinodorus aquartica

2. Echinodorus x barthii

XIV) HYDROCHARITACEAE

Egeria densa

XV) ASTERACEAE

Gymnocoronis spilanthoides

XVI) ACANTHACEAE

1. Hygrophila corymbsa

2. Hygrophila difformis

XVII) LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia cardinalis

XVIII) MONOSELERIACEAE

1. Monosolenium tenerum

XIX) LYTHRACEAE

Nesaea pedicellata

XX) NYMPHAECEAE

1. Nymphaea lotus

XXI) HYDROCHARITACAEA

1. Vallineria americana

2. Vallisneria caulescens

3. Vallisneria nana

XXII) LYTHRACEAE


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1. Rotala wallichi

2. Rotala rotundifolia

3. Rotala mayaca

4. Rotala green

Resource of Marine Ornamental Fishes in Gulf of Mannar and other Indian Coastal

Regions

1. There are more than two hundred species in Gulf of Mannar and Indian coastal region.

2. 98% of Marine ornamental fishes are caught from wild

3. Only 2% of the Marine ornamental fishes are utilized for aquarium trading

4. Marine ornamental fish trading can be an alternative occupation to fisherfolk.

5. 98% of marine ornamental fishes are highly valuable for export.

Some of the marine ornamental fishes identified in Gulf of Mannar and other Indian Coastal

regions

CHAETONDIDAE

1. Vagabond butterfly fish

2. Threadfin butterfly fish

3. Chevron butterfly fish

4. Black baned butterfly fish

5. Spot tail butterfly fish

6. Redfin butterfly fish

7. Blue spot butterfly fish

8. Raccoon butterfly fish

9. Saddled butterfly fish

10. Lined butterfly fish

11. Saddleback butterfly fish

12. Eight banded butterfly fish

13. Longfin banner fish


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II) POMACANTHIDAE

1. Emperor angel

2. Blue ring angel

3. Yellow pigmy angel

4. Midnight angel

5. Black angel

6. Koran angel

7. Yellowtail angel

III) ACANTHURIDEAE

1. Powder blue surgent

2. Blue lined surgent

3. Clown surgent

4. Fine lined surgent

5. Convict tank

6. Sailfin tang

IV) POMACENTRIDEAE

1. Sebae clown

2. Saddle back clown

3. Clarki clown

4. Two band clown

5. Blue damsel

6. Surgent damsel

7. Three spot damsel

8. Yellow tail damsel

9. Jewel damsel

10. Three band damsel


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11. Indian dascyllus

12. Blue green chromis

13. Black axil chromis

14. Stak horn chromis

SERRANIDAE

1. Blue spotted grouper

2. Blue lined grouper

3. Leopard grouper

4. Larytai anthias

5. Randalls anthias

6. Hawk fish

7. Dwarf hawk fish

8. Flame hawk fish

9. Sweet lips

10. Wrasses

11. Parrot fish

12. File fish

13. Gobi

14. Fourline wrasses

15. Hogfish

Other groups

1. Sea anemone

2. Star fishes

3. Sea urchin

4. Lobster

5. Grab


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6. Shrimps

7. Slug

8. Tube worms

9. Oyster

10. Clam

11. Nudibranch

12. Sea shell

13. Snails

Wild caught Ornamental Fishery Resources of India

1. There are more than three hundred species in inland region.

2. 98% of fresh water ornamental fishes are caught from Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, and

Northeast region.

3. Only few ornamental fishes are utilized for aquarium trading.

4. The ornamental fish trading is an alternative Occupation through backyard hatcharies.

5. 98% of Marine ornamental fishes are highly valuable for export.

Some wild caught Inland Ornamental Fishes of India

I) CYPRINIDEAE

1. Denisoni barb

2. Aurlieas barb

3. Filamentusesbarb

4. Rosy barb

5. Malabar danio

6. Redfin danio

7. Blue danio

8. Rasboras

9. Lemon fin barb


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1o.Ruby barb

11. Flying barb

12. Pearl danio

II) COBITIDAE

Loaches

III) BAGRIDAE

Cat fishes

IV) CYPRIONODONTIDAE

Panchax fishes

V) CICHLIDAE

1. Orange chromide

2. Pearl spot fish

VI) ANABONTIDAE

1. Dwarf Gourami

2. Paradise fish and

3. Honey Gourami

VII) MASTACEMBALIDAE

Eels

CENTROPOMIDAE

Glass fishes

VIII) NOTOPTERIDAE

Indian knife fishes

IX) HEMIRHAMPIDAE

Half beaks

XC) POECILIDAE

Mosquito fishes


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WILD CAUGHT BRACKISH WATER ORNAMENTAL FISHERY RESOURCES OF INDIA

1. There are five families and more than twenty species found distributed in inland brackish

water regions of India.

2. More than 60% of brackishwater ornamental fishes are caught from South Indian region

3. Most of the ornamental fishes are utilized for aquarium trading

4. The ornamental fish trading can be an alternative occupation for people living near brackish

water region

5. More than 90% of brackish water ornamental fishes are fit for export.

Wild caught Brackish Water Ornamental Fishes

1. Monodactylidae Mono Angel

2. Scatophagidae Scat fish

3. Tetradontidae Buffer fish

Practical Tips:

* Aquaculture as an alternative livelihood for fisher folks.

* Aquaculture is now technology oriented.

*Ornamental Fish Farming demand is more nowadays.

* Basic Essentials.

1. Study the availability of water in your area and its parameters.

2. Select the right fish for your water quality.

3. Selective feeding.

4. If necessary, modify and monitor the water quality for your fish but keep in mind the cost

factor.

* He expressed the present scenario of Kolathur in respect of the market trend and change of

environment.

* 10 years ago the TDS (Total Dissolved salt) in Kolathur area was in the range of 180 - 200 but

now it has gone to 800 TDS. The TDS above 250 is detrimental for fishes.

* He is trying to establish anAquarium Parkat Kolathur, Chennai segregating 500 1000

species.


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* Marketing avenues are plenty for Breeding Farm, Rearing Farm and Aquatic Plant Culture

Farm.

* Captive breeding and conditioning of marine Fishes nearly 300 species.

* There is an extensive marketing potential available for ornamental fish breeding, production of

feed, medicines, feed additives etc.

*Agr iwater algae = 6 10 g of Urea, 15 G of Super Phosphate, 250 G of Groundnut Cake in

1000 L of water. Mix well with smashed potato. Collect larva daily after a week.

* Medium level farm: 250 tons of production.

* As a beginner try the following species: 1 Guppy 2.Molliy 3. Plotty 4. Sword Tails.

* In Kerala Danisoni barbis available and to be cultured. The export marketing is more for this

species.

Aquariculture as an Alternative Livelihood to Fisherfolk

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