AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OFAZA FOR AQUACULTURE IN TURKEY

Hayri DENIZHayri DENIZ –– Director of MaricultureDirector of Mariculture && ViceVice-- Chair of GFCMChair of GFCM--CAQCAQ

Ministry of Food Agriculture and LivestockMinistry of Food Agriculture and LivestockTraining Workshop on site selection, allocated zones for aquaculture and site management for

coastal marine aquaculture (WGSC-SHocMed)MoFAL Central Fisheries Research Institute – Trabzon / TURKEY – 18-21 February 2013

MINISTRY OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

DG of Fisheries & Aquaculture (GDFA)

DG of Food and Control

ORGANISATIONAL CHART

DG of Agricultural Research & Policies

DG of Agricultural Reform

Aquaculture Department

Fisheries and Control Department

Resource Management and FisheriesSubstructure Department

GENERAL DIRECTORATE FOR FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

DEPARTMENTS OF GDFA

Resource Management and FisheriesSubstructure Department

Statistics and Information Department

Administration and Coordination Department

AccordingAccording toto ArticleArticle 1313 ofof thethe Law,Law, thethe proceduresprocedures andand principlesprinciples relatedrelated totoaquacultureaquaculture areare setset byby thethe AquacultureAquaculture Regulation,Regulation, whichwhich waswas issuedissued inin 20042004 andandamendedamended inin 20052005,, 20072007 andand 20092009..

MinistryMinistry ofof Food,Food, AgricultureAgriculture andand LivestockLivestock (MoFAL)(MoFAL) isis thethe ComponentComponent AuthorityAuthorityforfor aquacultureaquaculture..

GeneralGeneral DirectorateDirectorate forfor FisheriesFisheries andand AquacultureAquaculture ofof MoFALMoFAL isis responsibleresponsible forfordevelopmentdevelopment andand managementmanagement ofof aquacultureaquaculture..

The Regulation covers and sets out rules for the following issues:The Regulation covers and sets out rules for the following issues: Site selection for inland and marine fish farmsSite selection for inland and marine fish farms Application and evaluation procedures for aquafarming licensesApplication and evaluation procedures for aquafarming licenses Approving the projects and issuing licensesApproving the projects and issuing licenses Improving production capacity, species etc, cancellation site changes and salesImproving production capacity, species etc, cancellation site changes and sales Importing brood fish, egg and fry,Importing brood fish, egg and fry, Compulsory technical staff employment,Compulsory technical staff employment, Fish health managementFish health management Environmental impacts and protectionEnvironmental impacts and protection Monitoring and control of farming activitiesMonitoring and control of farming activities Fish welfareFish welfare

AQUACULTURE POLICY & ADMINISTRATION

AccordingAccording toto ArticleArticle 1313 ofof thethe Law,Law, thethe proceduresprocedures andand principlesprinciples relatedrelated totoaquacultureaquaculture areare setset byby thethe AquacultureAquaculture Regulation,Regulation, whichwhich waswas issuedissued inin 20042004 andandamendedamended inin 20052005,, 20072007 andand 20092009..

MinistryMinistry ofof Food,Food, AgricultureAgriculture andand LivestockLivestock (MoFAL)(MoFAL) isis thethe ComponentComponent AuthorityAuthorityforfor aquacultureaquaculture..

GeneralGeneral DirectorateDirectorate forfor FisheriesFisheries andand AquacultureAquaculture ofof MoFALMoFAL isis responsibleresponsible forfordevelopmentdevelopment andand managementmanagement ofof aquacultureaquaculture..

The Regulation covers and sets out rules for the following issues:The Regulation covers and sets out rules for the following issues: Site selection for inland and marine fish farmsSite selection for inland and marine fish farms Application and evaluation procedures for aquafarming licensesApplication and evaluation procedures for aquafarming licenses Approving the projects and issuing licensesApproving the projects and issuing licenses Improving production capacity, species etc, cancellation site changes and salesImproving production capacity, species etc, cancellation site changes and sales Importing brood fish, egg and fry,Importing brood fish, egg and fry, Compulsory technical staff employment,Compulsory technical staff employment, Fish health managementFish health management Environmental impacts and protectionEnvironmental impacts and protection Monitoring and control of farming activitiesMonitoring and control of farming activities Fish welfareFish welfare

Fisheries Law (Fisheries Law (MoFALMoFAL -- 19821982 ))

Environmental Law (Environmental Law ( MEUMEU -- 2006)2006)

Aquaculture Regulation (Aquaculture Regulation (MoFALMoFAL -- 2004)2004)

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (MEFMEF -- 2002)2002)

Regulations Governing the Control of Water PollutionRegulations Governing the Control of Water Pollution (MEU(MEU -- 1983)1983)

Notification on Defining Sensitive Enclosed Bays and Gulfs Areas in CoastalNotification on Defining Sensitive Enclosed Bays and Gulfs Areas in CoastalWaters where Fish Farms shall not be set up (Waters where Fish Farms shall not be set up (MEUMEU -- 2007)2007)

Communiqué on the Monitoring of Fish Farms established on the MarneCommuniqué on the Monitoring of Fish Farms established on the MarneEnvironment (Environment (MEUMEU --2009)2009)

MoFAL : Ministry of Food Agriculture and LivestockMoFAL : Ministry of Food Agriculture and LivestockMEMEUU: Ministry of Environment and Urbanism: Ministry of Environment and Urbanism

REGULATIONS RELATED AQUACULTURE MANAGEMENT,ALLOCATION OF ZONES, EIA AND MONITORING

Fisheries Law (Fisheries Law (MoFALMoFAL -- 19821982 ))

Environmental Law (Environmental Law ( MEUMEU -- 2006)2006)

Aquaculture Regulation (Aquaculture Regulation (MoFALMoFAL -- 2004)2004)

Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (MEFMEF -- 2002)2002)

Regulations Governing the Control of Water PollutionRegulations Governing the Control of Water Pollution (MEU(MEU -- 1983)1983)

Notification on Defining Sensitive Enclosed Bays and Gulfs Areas in CoastalNotification on Defining Sensitive Enclosed Bays and Gulfs Areas in CoastalWaters where Fish Farms shall not be set up (Waters where Fish Farms shall not be set up (MEUMEU -- 2007)2007)

Communiqué on the Monitoring of Fish Farms established on the MarneCommuniqué on the Monitoring of Fish Farms established on the MarneEnvironment (Environment (MEUMEU --2009)2009)

MoFAL : Ministry of Food Agriculture and LivestockMoFAL : Ministry of Food Agriculture and LivestockMEMEUU: Ministry of Environment and Urbanism: Ministry of Environment and Urbanism

The other public institutions related withThe other public institutions related with aquacultureaquaculture which support MARA are:which support MARA are:

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization ( Shore Law, EIA & Env. ManagementMinistry of Environment and Urbanization ( Shore Law, EIA & Env. Management)) Ministry of Culture and TourismMinistry of Culture and Tourism Ministry of Finance (DG Incomes)Ministry of Finance (DG Incomes) Ministry of Interior Affairs (Ministry of Interior Affairs (CoastguardCoastguard and Gendarmerie)and Gendarmerie) Ministry of Health (hygiene and the sanitary of fish and fish products)Ministry of Health (hygiene and the sanitary of fish and fish products) Ministry of Public Works and SettlementMinistry of Public Works and Settlement ((Shore LawShore Law)) State Planning Organization (DPT)State Planning Organization (DPT) UnderUnder--Secretariat of Foreign TradeSecretariat of Foreign Trade UnderUnder--Secretariat of CustomsSecretariat of Customs UnderUnder--Secretariat of MaritimeSecretariat of Maritime ((Maritime navigation)Maritime navigation) Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) Municipalities (Quality control & conservation in the local open markets)Municipalities (Quality control & conservation in the local open markets) Agricultural BankAgricultural Bank (Credits)(Credits)

INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR

The other public institutions related withThe other public institutions related with aquacultureaquaculture which support MARA are:which support MARA are:

Ministry of Environment and Urbanization ( Shore Law, EIA & Env. ManagementMinistry of Environment and Urbanization ( Shore Law, EIA & Env. Management)) Ministry of Culture and TourismMinistry of Culture and Tourism Ministry of Finance (DG Incomes)Ministry of Finance (DG Incomes) Ministry of Interior Affairs (Ministry of Interior Affairs (CoastguardCoastguard and Gendarmerie)and Gendarmerie) Ministry of Health (hygiene and the sanitary of fish and fish products)Ministry of Health (hygiene and the sanitary of fish and fish products) Ministry of Public Works and SettlementMinistry of Public Works and Settlement ((Shore LawShore Law)) State Planning Organization (DPT)State Planning Organization (DPT) UnderUnder--Secretariat of Foreign TradeSecretariat of Foreign Trade UnderUnder--Secretariat of CustomsSecretariat of Customs UnderUnder--Secretariat of MaritimeSecretariat of Maritime ((Maritime navigation)Maritime navigation) Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT)Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) Municipalities (Quality control & conservation in the local open markets)Municipalities (Quality control & conservation in the local open markets) Agricultural BankAgricultural Bank (Credits)(Credits)

First commercial marine aquaculture was started with sea bream and sea bass inclosed and sheltered bays in Mugla City in 1985.

For the first time, marine aquaculture zones were determined by MoFAL along theall coastlines in 1988 and were provided moving of sea farms in these zones. However,current allocated zones had been started deficient for new applications because of rapiddevelopments of culture technique; cage-made, fish feed technology.

Therefore, studies on determination of potential aquaculture zones were reviewedby order of 1993, 1998, 2000 and 2008 because of the circumstances of aquaculturewhich were developed and alternated.

After new Environmental Law come into force, new aquaculture zones weredetermined once again with consensus of all related institutions according to theEnvironmental Law and Notification on Site Selection for Marine Fish Farms. After TheEnvironmental Law was put into practice for implementing Articles related fish farms, allinshore sea farms were moved to new offshore areas.

IDENTIFICATION OF MARICULTURE ZONE

First commercial marine aquaculture was started with sea bream and sea bass inclosed and sheltered bays in Mugla City in 1985.

For the first time, marine aquaculture zones were determined by MoFAL along theall coastlines in 1988 and were provided moving of sea farms in these zones. However,current allocated zones had been started deficient for new applications because of rapiddevelopments of culture technique; cage-made, fish feed technology.

Therefore, studies on determination of potential aquaculture zones were reviewedby order of 1993, 1998, 2000 and 2008 because of the circumstances of aquaculturewhich were developed and alternated.

After new Environmental Law come into force, new aquaculture zones weredetermined once again with consensus of all related institutions according to theEnvironmental Law and Notification on Site Selection for Marine Fish Farms. After TheEnvironmental Law was put into practice for implementing Articles related fish farms, allinshore sea farms were moved to new offshore areas.

Suitability and possibility of maricultureSuitability and possibility of mariculture Water qualityWater quality Psychical and chemical conditionsPsychical and chemical conditions

Sensitive area parameters and criteriaSensitive area parameters and criteria Water depthWater depth ≤ 30m≤ 30m Distance from coastlineDistance from coastline ≤0.6 mile≤0.6 mile Current speedCurrent speed ≤ 0.1 m/sec≤ 0.1 m/sec

Protection statusProtection status Special protected areasSpecial protected areas Sites of archeological and historicalSites of archeological and historical Wild life protected areasWild life protected areas,, etc.etc.

Other coastal usesOther coastal uses Tourism, urbanization, marine transportation,Tourism, urbanization, marine transportation,

fishing, recreation, etc.fishing, recreation, etc.

PRINCIPLES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MARICULTURE ZONES

( Zone Level )

Suitability and possibility of maricultureSuitability and possibility of mariculture Water qualityWater quality Psychical and chemical conditionsPsychical and chemical conditions

Sensitive area parameters and criteriaSensitive area parameters and criteria Water depthWater depth ≤ 30m≤ 30m Distance from coastlineDistance from coastline ≤0.6 mile≤0.6 mile Current speedCurrent speed ≤ 0.1 m/sec≤ 0.1 m/sec

Protection statusProtection status Special protected areasSpecial protected areas Sites of archeological and historicalSites of archeological and historical Wild life protected areasWild life protected areas,, etc.etc.

Other coastal usesOther coastal uses Tourism, urbanization, marine transportation,Tourism, urbanization, marine transportation,

fishing, recreation, etc.fishing, recreation, etc.

ALLOCATION OF ZONES FOR MARICULTURE

The new mariculture zones entered into force as part of the overall coastal zoneplans and management in 2008

Conflicting uses of areaConflicting uses of area Depth profileDepth profile Exposure to windExposure to wind FetchFetch CurrentsCurrents Maximum and significant wave heightMaximum and significant wave height Water temperatureWater temperature SalinitySalinity Dissolved oxygen concentrationDissolved oxygen concentration PollutionPollution Phytoplankton and zooplanktonPhytoplankton and zooplankton

occurrence and distributionoccurrence and distribution

Potential danger of red tides, planktonPotential danger of red tides, planktonblooms, biofoulingblooms, biofouling

PredatorsPredators -- crabs, fish, birds, seals,crabs, fish, birds, seals, etc.etc. Distance from sensitive flora and faunaDistance from sensitive flora and fauna Distance from other fish farmsDistance from other fish farms Interaction with protected speciesInteraction with protected species Accessibility to the siteAccessibility to the site –– roads,roads,

transportation, airport, port, etc.transportation, airport, port, etc. InfrastructureInfrastructure -- facilities, security,facilities, security,

communication, electricity, freshwatercommunication, electricity, freshwater Potential for expansionPotential for expansion -- availability ofavailability of

adjacent areaadjacent area

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SEA FARMING

( Farm Level )

Conflicting uses of areaConflicting uses of area Depth profileDepth profile Exposure to windExposure to wind FetchFetch CurrentsCurrents Maximum and significant wave heightMaximum and significant wave height Water temperatureWater temperature SalinitySalinity Dissolved oxygen concentrationDissolved oxygen concentration PollutionPollution Phytoplankton and zooplanktonPhytoplankton and zooplankton

occurrence and distributionoccurrence and distribution

Potential danger of red tides, planktonPotential danger of red tides, planktonblooms, biofoulingblooms, biofouling

PredatorsPredators -- crabs, fish, birds, seals,crabs, fish, birds, seals, etc.etc. Distance from sensitive flora and faunaDistance from sensitive flora and fauna Distance from other fish farmsDistance from other fish farms Interaction with protected speciesInteraction with protected species Accessibility to the siteAccessibility to the site –– roads,roads,

transportation, airport, port, etc.transportation, airport, port, etc. InfrastructureInfrastructure -- facilities, security,facilities, security,

communication, electricity, freshwatercommunication, electricity, freshwater Potential for expansionPotential for expansion -- availability ofavailability of

adjacent areaadjacent area

Public Health Report

EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

Field Study Report

Under secretariat for Maritime

Provincial Directorate of MARAProvincial Directorate of MARA

DG of Agricultural Production and Development – Aquaculture DepartmentDG of Agricultural Production and Development – Aquaculture Department

Preliminary LicencingPreliminary Licencing

Water Analysis Report & Map (1/25 000)

LICENSING PROCEDURES FOR AQUACULTURE INVESTMENTS

Feasibility ReportPreparation

Feasibility ReportPreparation

Environmental ImpactAssessment Report

Environmental ImpactAssessment Report

Preliminary Licencing

Project Approval by MARA/ Provincial DirectorateProject Approval by MARA/ Provincial Directorate

Leasing of Farm AreaLeasing of Farm Area

Establishment of FarmEstablishment of Farm

Fish Farm CertificateFish Farm Certificate

EnvironmentalEnvironmental LawLaw

CommuniqueCommunique onon SiteSite SelectionSelection forformarinemarine fishfish farmsfarms

MonumentalMonumental HighHigh BoardBoard DecisionDecisionNoNo 725725 relatedrelated fishfish farmsfarms

ProtectedProtected AreasAreas inin TurkeyTurkey

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ADMINISTRATION ANDLEGISLATIONS RELATED AQUACULTURE

EnvironmentalEnvironmental LawLaw

CommuniqueCommunique onon SiteSite SelectionSelection forformarinemarine fishfish farmsfarms

MonumentalMonumental HighHigh BoardBoard DecisionDecisionNoNo 725725 relatedrelated fishfish farmsfarms

ProtectedProtected AreasAreas inin TurkeyTurkey

Article 9;Article 9;•• TheThe establishmentestablishment ofof fishfish farmfarm isis

forbiddenforbidden inin closedclosed baysbays andand gulfsgulfswhichwhich areare sensitivesensitive areasareascharacteristicscharacteristics andand naturalnatural andandarcheologicalarcheological heritageheritage areasareas inin thetheseasseas..

TemporaryTemporary ArticleArticle 22;;•• Fish farms which are located inFish farms which are located in

these areas are closed within onethese areas are closed within oneyear after theyear after the LawLaw is put into forceis put into force..

Greenish, turbid waters,Low OxygenNo good for other usesNo good for marine fish farming

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Article 9;Article 9;•• TheThe establishmentestablishment ofof fishfish farmfarm isis

forbiddenforbidden inin closedclosed baysbays andand gulfsgulfswhichwhich areare sensitivesensitive areasareascharacteristicscharacteristics andand naturalnatural andandarcheologicalarcheological heritageheritage areasareas inin thetheseasseas..

TemporaryTemporary ArticleArticle 22;;•• Fish farms which are located inFish farms which are located in

these areas are closed within onethese areas are closed within oneyear after theyear after the LawLaw is put into forceis put into force..

Anoxic sedimentsEUTROPHIC

TheThe CommuniquéCommuniqué onon ““determinationdetermination ofof thetheclosedclosed baybay andand golfgolf areasareas whichwhich havehaveenvironmentalenvironmental sensitivitysensitivity wherewhere fishfish farmsfarmscan’tcan’t bebe establish”establish”;;

ProhibitedProhibited areaarea forfor seasea farmingfarming regardingregardingthisthis CommuniquéCommuniqué::

•• LessLess thanthan 3030 mm depth,depth,•• CloserCloser thanthan 00,,66 seasea milesmiles toto coastlinecoastline•• CurrentCurrent rangerange underunder 00..11 m/sm/s•• TheThe archeologicalarcheological andand naturalnatural heritageheritage

areasareas whichwhich havehave beenbeen identifiedidentified oror willwillbebe determineddetermined byby MoCTMoCT**

MoCTMoCT:: MinistryMinistry ofof CultureCulture andand TourismTourism

COMMUNIQUÉ RELATED AQUACULTURE

TheThe CommuniquéCommuniqué onon ““determinationdetermination ofof thetheclosedclosed baybay andand golfgolf areasareas whichwhich havehaveenvironmentalenvironmental sensitivitysensitivity wherewhere fishfish farmsfarmscan’tcan’t bebe establish”establish”;;

ProhibitedProhibited areaarea forfor seasea farmingfarming regardingregardingthisthis CommuniquéCommuniqué::

•• LessLess thanthan 3030 mm depth,depth,•• CloserCloser thanthan 00,,66 seasea milesmiles toto coastlinecoastline•• CurrentCurrent rangerange underunder 00..11 m/sm/s•• TheThe archeologicalarcheological andand naturalnatural heritageheritage

areasareas whichwhich havehave beenbeen identifiedidentified oror willwillbebe determineddetermined byby MoCTMoCT**

MoCTMoCT:: MinistryMinistry ofof CultureCulture andand TourismTourism

RegardingRegarding toto thethe RegulationRegulation (No(No725725)) onon FishFish FarmFarm ininArcheologicalArcheological AreaArea PublishedPublished bybyMoCTMoCT;;

Fish farm can not be establish inFish farm can not be establish inplaces whichplaces which are;are;

In heritage sitesIn heritage sites bays attached this areabays attached this area the regions have heritagethe regions have heritage

properties under the sea,properties under the sea, diving restricted areadiving restricted area

MONUMENTAL HIGH BOARD DECISION NO 725

RegardingRegarding toto thethe RegulationRegulation (No(No725725)) onon FishFish FarmFarm ininArcheologicalArcheological AreaArea PublishedPublished bybyMoCTMoCT;;

Fish farm can not be establish inFish farm can not be establish inplaces whichplaces which are;are;

In heritage sitesIn heritage sites bays attached this areabays attached this area the regions have heritagethe regions have heritage

properties under the sea,properties under the sea, diving restricted areadiving restricted area

DescriptionDescription andand purposepurpose ofof projectproject•• CostCost BenefitBenefit AnalysisAnalysis ofof thethe projectproject•• SituationSituation ofof thethe activityactivity unitsunits withinwithin thethe projectproject scopescope•• LocationLocation map,map, activityactivity areaarea andand panoramicpanoramic photographsphotographs ofof thethe environsenvirons•• 11//10001000,, 11//55..000000,, 11//2525..000000 scalescale approvedapproved finalfinal plansplans ofof thethe areaarea•• TheThe activityactivity areaarea mustmust bebe markedmarked onon aa mapmap andand includeinclude settlementssettlements inin thethe perimeterperimeter•• MarkingMarking thethe activityactivity areaarea basedbased withinwithin aa 11 kmkm radiusradius

DeterminationDetermination ofof thethe projectproject locationlocation andand affectedaffected areaarea && ExplainingExplaining thethe existingexistingenvironmentalenvironmental characteristicscharacteristics

TheThe physicalphysical andand biologicalbiological characteristicscharacteristics ofof projectproject areaarea andand areasareas toto bebe affectedaffectedbyby projectproject andand thethe useuse ofof naturalnatural resourcesresources

•• UseUse ofof thethe seasea andand coastcoast•• SpeciesSpecies andand ecosystemsecosystems•• MeteorologicalMeteorological datadata•• Importance,Importance, appropriatenessappropriateness regardingregarding marinemarine traffictraffic•• SocioSocio--economicaleconomical characteristicscharacteristics•• OtherOther characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe activityactivity areaarea andand closeclose environsenvirons

ImportantImportant environmentalenvironmental impactsimpacts && precautionsprecautions toto bebe takentaken PhysicalPhysical andand biologicalbiological impactsimpacts onon thethe environmentenvironment andand precautionsprecautions toto bebe takentaken PotentialPotential andand continuingcontinuing impactsimpacts afterafter operationoperation isis shutshut downdown andand preventivepreventive actionaction toto bebe

takentaken EmergencyEmergency InterventionIntervention PlanPlan andand MonitoringMonitoring ProgramProgram ProjectProject alternativesalternatives ResultsResults

EIA FORMAT

DescriptionDescription andand purposepurpose ofof projectproject•• CostCost BenefitBenefit AnalysisAnalysis ofof thethe projectproject•• SituationSituation ofof thethe activityactivity unitsunits withinwithin thethe projectproject scopescope•• LocationLocation map,map, activityactivity areaarea andand panoramicpanoramic photographsphotographs ofof thethe environsenvirons•• 11//10001000,, 11//55..000000,, 11//2525..000000 scalescale approvedapproved finalfinal plansplans ofof thethe areaarea•• TheThe activityactivity areaarea mustmust bebe markedmarked onon aa mapmap andand includeinclude settlementssettlements inin thethe perimeterperimeter•• MarkingMarking thethe activityactivity areaarea basedbased withinwithin aa 11 kmkm radiusradius

DeterminationDetermination ofof thethe projectproject locationlocation andand affectedaffected areaarea && ExplainingExplaining thethe existingexistingenvironmentalenvironmental characteristicscharacteristics

TheThe physicalphysical andand biologicalbiological characteristicscharacteristics ofof projectproject areaarea andand areasareas toto bebe affectedaffectedbyby projectproject andand thethe useuse ofof naturalnatural resourcesresources

•• UseUse ofof thethe seasea andand coastcoast•• SpeciesSpecies andand ecosystemsecosystems•• MeteorologicalMeteorological datadata•• Importance,Importance, appropriatenessappropriateness regardingregarding marinemarine traffictraffic•• SocioSocio--economicaleconomical characteristicscharacteristics•• OtherOther characteristicscharacteristics ofof thethe activityactivity areaarea andand closeclose environsenvirons

ImportantImportant environmentalenvironmental impactsimpacts && precautionsprecautions toto bebe takentaken PhysicalPhysical andand biologicalbiological impactsimpacts onon thethe environmentenvironment andand precautionsprecautions toto bebe takentaken PotentialPotential andand continuingcontinuing impactsimpacts afterafter operationoperation isis shutshut downdown andand preventivepreventive actionaction toto bebe

takentaken EmergencyEmergency InterventionIntervention PlanPlan andand MonitoringMonitoring ProgramProgram ProjectProject alternativesalternatives ResultsResults

EIA PROCESSUREEIA PROCESSURE

Introductory Document of Project

EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

Stage of Investigation and Establishing Commission* for investigation and Evaluation (3 days)

Ministry of Environment and Urbanisaiton (Central Authority)Ministry of Environment and Urbanisaiton (Central Authority)

Stage of Community Participation and Designation of EIA Format (12 days)

Submission of EIA Repot to MEF (12 days)

Investigation and Evaluation by Commission (5 days)

Submission of EIA Repot to MEF (12 days)

Submission of Final EIA to MEF (12 days)

Decision Making EIA Positive / Negative by MEF (5 days)

Positive - Investment can be start in 5 years Negative - Investment can not be done

(*) Commission members consist of all related institutions representatives

EVALUATION OF EIA APPLICATONSEVALUATION OF EIA APPLICATONS

Introductory Document of Project

EntrepreneurEntrepreneur

Investigation Stage (5 days)

Provincial Directorate of MEFProvincial Directorate of MEF

Decision Making (15 days)Decision Making (15 days)

Evaluation Stage (15 days)

EIA MandatoryEIA Mandatory

Decision Making (15 days)

EIA ProsedüreEIA Prosedüre Certificate of EIA UnnecessaryCertificate of EIA Unnecessary

EIA UnnecessaryEIA Unnecessary

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulation 25672 / 2004.

Fish farms with an annual capacity of 30 mt/y do not need EIA reportProvincial Authority decide necessary or not necessary of EIA for 3 0-999 mt/y capacityCentral Authority evaluate and decide for large farms (>1000 mt/y) EIA applications

COMMUNIQUE OF FISH FARM MONITORINGCOMMUNIQUE OF FISH FARM MONITORING

MEMEUU andand MMoFoFAALL areare thethe responsibleresponsible authoritiesauthorities forfor monitoringmonitoring ofof fishfish farmsfarms ininTurkeyTurkey..

AccordingAccording toto ArticleArticle 5454 ofof thethe EnvironmentalEnvironmental Law,Law, thethe proceduresprocedures andandprinciplesprinciples relatedrelated toto monitoringmonitoring ofof fishfish farmsfarms areare setset byby thethe CommuniquéCommuniqué ononthethe MonitoringMonitoring ofof FishFish FarmsFarms EstablishedEstablished onon thethe Sea,Sea, whichwhich waswas issuedissued inin20092009..

The Communiqué covers and sets out rules for the following issues:The Communiqué covers and sets out rules for the following issues: Principles and Rudiments:Principles and Rudiments: Sampling and Keeping Sample Procedures and ConditionsSampling and Keeping Sample Procedures and Conditions Monitoring:Monitoring: Measurement and AnalysisMeasurement and Analysis Monitoring Period and ReportingMonitoring Period and Reporting Exceptional CircumstancesExceptional Circumstances Inspection and SanctionInspection and Sanction

MEMEUU andand MMoFoFAALL areare thethe responsibleresponsible authoritiesauthorities forfor monitoringmonitoring ofof fishfish farmsfarms ininTurkeyTurkey..

AccordingAccording toto ArticleArticle 5454 ofof thethe EnvironmentalEnvironmental Law,Law, thethe proceduresprocedures andandprinciplesprinciples relatedrelated toto monitoringmonitoring ofof fishfish farmsfarms areare setset byby thethe CommuniquéCommuniqué ononthethe MonitoringMonitoring ofof FishFish FarmsFarms EstablishedEstablished onon thethe Sea,Sea, whichwhich waswas issuedissued inin20092009..

The Communiqué covers and sets out rules for the following issues:The Communiqué covers and sets out rules for the following issues: Principles and Rudiments:Principles and Rudiments: Sampling and Keeping Sample Procedures and ConditionsSampling and Keeping Sample Procedures and Conditions Monitoring:Monitoring: Measurement and AnalysisMeasurement and Analysis Monitoring Period and ReportingMonitoring Period and Reporting Exceptional CircumstancesExceptional Circumstances Inspection and SanctionInspection and Sanction

FISH FARM MONITORING CRITERIAFISH FARM MONITORING CRITERIA

Parameter Bottom sediment Water columnPh - xColloidal substant - xSecchi Disk Depth - xSalinity - xTemperature - xDissolved oxygen - xAmmonium nitrogen - xTotal nitrogen - xTotal phosphorous - xChlorophyll –A - xTotal organic carbon x -

In addition, benthic flora and fauna types with Beggiatoa bacteria distribution arealso determined

ProtectionProtection NumberNumber Surface area (ha)Surface area (ha)

SpeciallySpeciallyProtected AreaProtected Area

88 370.650370.650

National ParkNational Park 3838 874.616874.616

Nature ParkNature Park 2222 76.93776.937

NatureNatureProtection AreaProtection Area

3333 64.35364.353

COASTAL PROTECTION AREAS

NatureNatureProtection AreaProtection Area

3333 64.35364.353

Marine ParkMarine Park 11 37 ha37 ha

Sit (Sit (archeological,archeological,historic, etc.)historic, etc.)

7.8507.850 --

TourismTourism 160160 --

TOTALTOTAL 8.1128.112 ~~1.400.0001.400.000

SPECIAL PROTECTED AREAS & NATIONAL PARKS

Source: After Kirac & Savas, 2002Source: After Kirac & Savas, 2002

MarineMarine aquacultureaquaculture waswas startedstarted withwith seasea breambream andand seasea bassbass inin closedclosed andandshelteredsheltered baysbays byby usingusing traditional,traditional, smallsmall sizesize woodenwooden cagescages inin 19851985..

ProblemsProblems havehave beenbeen mainlymainly occurredoccurred betweenbetween mariculturemariculture andand otherother sectorssectorssuchsuch asas tourism,tourism, environmentalenvironmental protection,protection, maritime,maritime, recreationrecreation etcetc.. inin AegeanAegeanandand MediterraneanMediterranean coastscoasts whichwhich werewere alreadyalready establishedestablished mostmost ofof seasea bassbassandand seasea breambream farmsfarms..

FirstFirst marinemarine aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere determineddetermined inin 19881988 andand werewere providedprovidedmovingmoving ofof seasea farmsfarms inin thesethese zoneszones..

However,However, currentcurrent allocatedallocated zoneszones hadhad beenbeen startedstarted deficientdeficient forfor newnewapplicationsapplications becausebecause ofof rapidrapid developmentsdevelopments ofof cultureculture techniquetechnique;; cagecage--made,made,fishfish feedfeed technologytechnology..

CONFLICTS AND PLANNING OF AQUACULTURE ZONES

MarineMarine aquacultureaquaculture waswas startedstarted withwith seasea breambream andand seasea bassbass inin closedclosed andandshelteredsheltered baysbays byby usingusing traditional,traditional, smallsmall sizesize woodenwooden cagescages inin 19851985..

ProblemsProblems havehave beenbeen mainlymainly occurredoccurred betweenbetween mariculturemariculture andand otherother sectorssectorssuchsuch asas tourism,tourism, environmentalenvironmental protection,protection, maritime,maritime, recreationrecreation etcetc.. inin AegeanAegeanandand MediterraneanMediterranean coastscoasts whichwhich werewere alreadyalready establishedestablished mostmost ofof seasea bassbassandand seasea breambream farmsfarms..

FirstFirst marinemarine aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere determineddetermined inin 19881988 andand werewere providedprovidedmovingmoving ofof seasea farmsfarms inin thesethese zoneszones..

However,However, currentcurrent allocatedallocated zoneszones hadhad beenbeen startedstarted deficientdeficient forfor newnewapplicationsapplications becausebecause ofof rapidrapid developmentsdevelopments ofof cultureculture techniquetechnique;; cagecage--made,made,fishfish feedfeed technologytechnology..

Therefore,Therefore, studiesstudies onon determinationdetermination ofof aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere reviewedreviewedseveralseveral timestimes becausebecause ofof thethe circumstancescircumstances ofof aquacultureaquaculture whichwhich wereweredevelopeddeveloped andand alternatedalternated..

AfterAfter newnew EnvironmentalEnvironmental Law,Law, newnew aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere determineddetermined onceonceagainagain withwith consensusconsensus ofof allall relatedrelated institutionsinstitutions accordingaccording toto thethe currentcurrentregulatoryregulatory provisionsprovisions andand inshoreinshore marinemarine farmsfarms werewere movedmoved toto newnew allocatedallocatedoffshoreoffshore aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones..

ThereThere isis confrontedconfronted withwith samesame problemsproblems byby reasonreason ofof graduatedgraduated conflictsconflictsbetweenbetween aquacultureaquaculture andand othersothers andand amendmentsamendments ofof regulationsregulations withoutwithoutenoughenough consultationsconsultations andand agreementsagreements withwith stakeholdersstakeholders..

NEW RULES AND PERSPECTIVES

Therefore,Therefore, studiesstudies onon determinationdetermination ofof aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere reviewedreviewedseveralseveral timestimes becausebecause ofof thethe circumstancescircumstances ofof aquacultureaquaculture whichwhich wereweredevelopeddeveloped andand alternatedalternated..

AfterAfter newnew EnvironmentalEnvironmental Law,Law, newnew aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones werewere determineddetermined onceonceagainagain withwith consensusconsensus ofof allall relatedrelated institutionsinstitutions accordingaccording toto thethe currentcurrentregulatoryregulatory provisionsprovisions andand inshoreinshore marinemarine farmsfarms werewere movedmoved toto newnew allocatedallocatedoffshoreoffshore aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones..

ThereThere isis confrontedconfronted withwith samesame problemsproblems byby reasonreason ofof graduatedgraduated conflictsconflictsbetweenbetween aquacultureaquaculture andand othersothers andand amendmentsamendments ofof regulationsregulations withoutwithoutenoughenough consultationsconsultations andand agreementsagreements withwith stakeholdersstakeholders..

AquacultureAquaculture sectorsector facedfaced severalseveral seriousserious problemsproblems andand conflictsconflicts withwith thethe otherothersectorssectors usingusing samesame seasseas andand coastlinescoastlines whichwhich areare alsoalso suitablesuitable samesame timetime forforotherother coastalcoastal sectorssectors byby reasonreason ofof advancedadvanced developmentdevelopment..

UpUp toto now,now, allall progressedprogressed developmentsdevelopments andand encounteredencountered difficultiesdifficulties inin thethesectorsector havehave beenbeen turnedturned toto advantageadvantage andand restructuringrestructuring themselvesthemselves forfor eithereitherpublicpublic bodiesbodies oror privateprivate sectorsector..

Recently,Recently, TurkishTurkish GovernmentGovernment hashas developeddeveloped aa NationalNational MarineMarine AquacultureAquacultureDevelopmentDevelopment PlanPlan (NMADP)(NMADP) toto minimizeminimize conflictsconflicts andand provideprovide stablestable groundground forforthethe futurefuture growthgrowth ofof thethe aquacultureaquaculture sectorsector.. ToTo preventprevent impactsimpacts ofof thethe fishfish farmsfarmssomesome measuresmeasures werewere introducedintroduced withwith otherother stakeholdersstakeholders..

TURNING CRISES TO ADVANTAGE

AquacultureAquaculture sectorsector facedfaced severalseveral seriousserious problemsproblems andand conflictsconflicts withwith thethe otherothersectorssectors usingusing samesame seasseas andand coastlinescoastlines whichwhich areare alsoalso suitablesuitable samesame timetime forforotherother coastalcoastal sectorssectors byby reasonreason ofof advancedadvanced developmentdevelopment..

UpUp toto now,now, allall progressedprogressed developmentsdevelopments andand encounteredencountered difficultiesdifficulties inin thethesectorsector havehave beenbeen turnedturned toto advantageadvantage andand restructuringrestructuring themselvesthemselves forfor eithereitherpublicpublic bodiesbodies oror privateprivate sectorsector..

Recently,Recently, TurkishTurkish GovernmentGovernment hashas developeddeveloped aa NationalNational MarineMarine AquacultureAquacultureDevelopmentDevelopment PlanPlan (NMADP)(NMADP) toto minimizeminimize conflictsconflicts andand provideprovide stablestable groundground forforthethe futurefuture growthgrowth ofof thethe aquacultureaquaculture sectorsector.. ToTo preventprevent impactsimpacts ofof thethe fishfish farmsfarmssomesome measuresmeasures werewere introducedintroduced withwith otherother stakeholdersstakeholders..

NewNew regulationsregulations isis intointo forceforce andand existingexisting onesones isis amendedamended whichwhich meetmeetrequirementsrequirements andand coherentcoherent withwith EUEU regulationsregulations..

AquacultureAquaculture LegislationLegislation waswas amendedamended andand alignedaligned withwith EUEU regulationsregulationsincludingincluding fishfish welfarewelfare inin 20092009..

InIn addition,addition, NotificationsNotifications relatedrelated sitesite selectionselection andand monitoringmonitoring forfor fishfish farmsfarmswerewere putput intointo effecteffect 20072007 andand 20092009 respectivelyrespectively..

Eventually,Eventually, allall thethe partiesparties realizedrealized thatthat separateseparate planningplanning isis notnot enoughenough forforsustainablesustainable managementmanagement ofof sectorsector andand theythey decideddecided toto makemake integratedintegrated coastalcoastalplansplans byby allall stakeholdersstakeholders..

SUCCESSFUL SPATIAL PLANNING POLICY

NewNew regulationsregulations isis intointo forceforce andand existingexisting onesones isis amendedamended whichwhich meetmeetrequirementsrequirements andand coherentcoherent withwith EUEU regulationsregulations..

AquacultureAquaculture LegislationLegislation waswas amendedamended andand alignedaligned withwith EUEU regulationsregulationsincludingincluding fishfish welfarewelfare inin 20092009..

InIn addition,addition, NotificationsNotifications relatedrelated sitesite selectionselection andand monitoringmonitoring forfor fishfish farmsfarmswerewere putput intointo effecteffect 20072007 andand 20092009 respectivelyrespectively..

Eventually,Eventually, allall thethe partiesparties realizedrealized thatthat separateseparate planningplanning isis notnot enoughenough forforsustainablesustainable managementmanagement ofof sectorsector andand theythey decideddecided toto makemake integratedintegrated coastalcoastalplansplans byby allall stakeholdersstakeholders..

InIn thisthis respect,respect, newnew offshoreoffshore marinemarine aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones areare determineddetermined bybyespeciallyespecially MMoFoFAALL,, MEMEUU andand allall stakeholdersstakeholders andand thenthen allall inshoreinshore seasea farmsfarmsmovedmoved toto offshoreoffshore andand openopen seasea areasareas..

InIn additionaddition toto regulationregulation andand planning,planning, nationalnational andand internationalinternational projectsprojects havehavebeenbeen carriedcarried outout inin aa scientificscientific wayway inin orderorder toto sustainabilitysustainability ofof aquacultureaquaculturesectorsector suchsuch asas;;

FAOFAO ProjectProject onon DevelopingDeveloping aa RoadmapRoadmap forfor TurkishTurkish MarineMarine AquacultureAquaculture SiteSiteSelectionSelection andand ZoningZoning UsingUsing anan EcosystemEcosystem ApproachApproach toto ManagementManagement

NationalNational ProjectProject onon DeterminationDetermination ofof EnvironmentalEnvironmental ImpactsImpacts ofof FishFish FarmFarm toto thetheMarineMarine EcosystemEcosystem..

SCIENTIFIC ACTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

InIn thisthis respect,respect, newnew offshoreoffshore marinemarine aquacultureaquaculture zoneszones areare determineddetermined bybyespeciallyespecially MMoFoFAALL,, MEMEUU andand allall stakeholdersstakeholders andand thenthen allall inshoreinshore seasea farmsfarmsmovedmoved toto offshoreoffshore andand openopen seasea areasareas..

InIn additionaddition toto regulationregulation andand planning,planning, nationalnational andand internationalinternational projectsprojects havehavebeenbeen carriedcarried outout inin aa scientificscientific wayway inin orderorder toto sustainabilitysustainability ofof aquacultureaquaculturesectorsector suchsuch asas;;

FAOFAO ProjectProject onon DevelopingDeveloping aa RoadmapRoadmap forfor TurkishTurkish MarineMarine AquacultureAquaculture SiteSiteSelectionSelection andand ZoningZoning UsingUsing anan EcosystemEcosystem ApproachApproach toto ManagementManagement

NationalNational ProjectProject onon DeterminationDetermination ofof EnvironmentalEnvironmental ImpactsImpacts ofof FishFish FarmFarm toto thetheMarineMarine EcosystemEcosystem..

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