AqL1 and 2 March12
-
Upload
singh-jitendra -
Category
Documents
-
view
120 -
download
1
description
Transcript of AqL1 and 2 March12
![Page 1: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ES 200Second Half Semester
18+ Lectures
Professor Anurag GargProfessor Subhankar Karmakar
Professor Virendra SethiCESE
![Page 2: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In Service of YOU
![Page 3: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Professor Arcievala:
“Three things I learnt at Harvard:1. Quantification
2. Library work and
3. Apprenticeship”
![Page 5: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Let’s Get Started
![Page 6: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
ES 200 Environmental Studies
Air Quality
Pre-course Quiz
not for grade
Phew !!!
Thank God for small mercies !!!
![Page 7: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
What is Air Pollution ?
• Perception– Visible– Odour
• What is clean air ?– 78% Nitrogen + 21% Oxygen + 1% Trace– 340 ppm CO2 (0.034%) (YEAR ???)
• Water – Heat Released/Absorbed
![Page 9: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Lifecycles/Statistics
• Capacity of the earth system as a sink– Feasibility (thermodynamics)– Proximity
• Characteristic times– Kinetics– Sulphur, Carbon, Nitrogen, Halogen Containing
Compounds Cycles
• Statistics
![Page 10: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Scales
• Local > Regional > Global
• Earth : Apple :: Atmosphere : Skin
• Ambient : Indoor
• Dispersion and Mixing
![Page 11: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Class Exercise
• Given : Regulatory Limit for SO2 in Ambient Air is – 80g/m3 (0.03 ppm) for annual average– 1300 g/m3 (0.5 ppm) for 3 hour average
• How many grams of Sulphur, if burnt in this lecture Hall, would pose a health risk to you ?
![Page 12: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• S + O2 = SO2
• 32 gm S gives 64 gm of SO2
• X gm will give 2X gm
• Mixed in how much volume ? Will lead to exposure concentration…
![Page 13: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Actual Question then is …
• What is the volume of air in this Hall
(in m3 ) ?
![Page 14: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prizes to be Won
DOUBLE DHAMAKA
Closest to Actual – 5 Star Chocolate
Closest to Average – 5 Star Chocolate
14
![Page 15: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Caution
15
![Page 16: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Results from Previous Year
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Students
Estim
ated
Vol
ume
of F
CK
ohli
Aud
itoriu
m (m
3)
Series1
![Page 17: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Results
• RANGE – 20 mg of Sulphur (panic buttons for no
reason)– 8 kg of Sulphur (dead people with Karma to
blame)
• Low Sulphur diesel YET ?
• Ships affecting coastal cities ?
![Page 19: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
How do we manage Air Quality ?
• At the source itself– Industry– Vehicles– Dust– Home cooking
• After the source– Dispersion and Mixing
![Page 20: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
![Page 23: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
![Page 24: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
![Page 25: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Mixing/Dispersion
• Meteorology– Vertical
• Temperature– Lapse Rate
– Horizontal• Wind
– Speed – Direction
![Page 26: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Dispersion – Gaussian Plume
WIND
![Page 27: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Wind Rose
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/ozone/areas/wind.htm#dlfi
1 knot = 1.82 km/hr
![Page 28: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
• Wind roses are divided into 16 wind directions
• Each wind direction is divided into wind speeds
• As the percent of time the wind blows from a particular directions gets larger, the portion of the bar representing the wind speed gets larger both in length and width
![Page 29: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Mixing/Dispersion
• Meteorology– Vertical
• Temperature– Lapse Rate
– Horizontal• Wind
– Speed – Direction
![Page 30: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/atmprofile.gif
COMING SOON
Earth ki Kahani – Naam toh
Sunaa hoga !
![Page 31: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Lapse Rates
• Atmosphere cools with height– What rate ?
• Dry (Adiabatic) 10°C/km• Wet (Adiabatic) 6°C/km
– (Release of heat with condensation)
![Page 32: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
ACTUAL
ADIABATIC (1°C/100 m)
1000 m (say)
20 °C19 °C18 °C
20 °C Air Parcel
19 °C Air Parcel at 1100 m
1100 m
![Page 33: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
ADIABATIC (1°C/100 m)
1000 m (say)
20 °C 21°C 22 °C
20 °C Air Parcel
21 °C Air Parcel at 1100 m
1100 m
900 m
ACTUAL
![Page 34: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
ADIABATIC (1°C/100 m)
1000 m (say)
20 °C19.5 °C19°C
20 °C Air Parcel
19 °C Air Parcel at 1100 m
1100 m
ACTUAL
![Page 35: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
WIND
Adiabatic
Actual
![Page 36: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
ScenariosAdiabatic
ActualH
eig
ht
Temperature
![Page 37: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
ScenariosAdiabatic
ActualH
eig
ht
Temperature
![Page 38: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
ScenariosAdiabatic
ActualH
eig
ht
Temperature
![Page 39: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Stability
http://www.tpub.com/content/aerographer/14312/css/14312_47.htm
Wet Lapse Rate
Dry Lapse Rate
Average
Unstable
Stable
Height
Temperature
![Page 40: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Match the Profile
Unstable
Stable
Plumes (a) (b) (c) (d)
(Adapted from Masters, 1997)
![Page 41: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Match the Profile
Unstable
Stable
Plumes (a) (b) (c) (d)
(Adapted from Masters, 1997)
![Page 42: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Review
Dispersion and Mixing Influenced by :• Wind
– Speed– Direction– Wind Rose
• Temperature Lapse Rates– Dry adiabatic– Wet Adiabatic– Stability
![Page 43: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Contextual Communication
• Where to stand when participating in this course : – Good Citizen OR Decision Maker– How would this apply to my home city ?
• Grading :– 20 Questions : 20 Answers
![Page 44: AqL1 and 2 March12](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061112/5457744fb1af9f4a118b499c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Home Work
Please study the film
“An Inconvenient Truth”
(Al Gore)
before the March 21st Class
44