AQA Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography January 2011
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For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL (JAN11GEOG101) Centre Number Candidate Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature For this paper you must have: a pencil a rubber a ruler You may use a calculator. Time allowed 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. Answer four questions. Answer Question 1 and one other question from Section A and Question 5 and one other question from Section B. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The maximum mark for this paper is 120. Each question is worth 30 marks. The marks for questions are shown in brackets. You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used to illustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies. You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and about 60 minutes on Section B. General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2011 Geography GEOG1 Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography Friday 14 January 2011 9.00 am to 11.00 am GEOG1 S2403-010-1/Jan11/GEOG1 6/6/6
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AQA Geography Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography January 2011
Transcript of AQA Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography January 2011
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL
(JAN11GEOG101)
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
For this paper you must have:� a pencil� a rubber� a rulerYou may use a calculator.
Time allowed� 2 hours
Instructions
� Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.� Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.� You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.� Answer four questions.� Answer Question 1 and one other question from Section A and
Question 5 and one other question from Section B.� Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
� The maximum mark for this paper is 120.� Each question is worth 30 marks.� The marks for questions are shown in brackets.� You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.� You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English– organise information clearly– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
� Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used toillustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies.
� You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and about 60 minutes on Section B.
General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJanuary 2011
Geography GEOG1Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography
Friday 14 January 2011 9.00 am to 11.00 am
GEOG1S2403-010-1/Jan11/GEOG1 6/6/6
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Section A
Answer Question 1 and one other question from this section.
01 RIVERS, FLOODS AND MANAGEMENT
1 (a) (i) What is meant by the term ‘magnitude’ of a flood?
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0.010
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
21 5 10 25Predicted return period (years)
Discharge(cumecs)
10050 200 500
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01 (a) (ii) Study Figure 1 which shows the predicted return period of flood events for the River Ouse at York.
Figure 1
Summarise the information shown in Figure 1.
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01 (b) Study Figure 2 which shows part of the Cuckmere River in East Sussex.
Figure 2
1 (b) (i) Describe the landforms shown in Figure 2.
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1 (b) (ii) Flooding is important in the formation of some river landforms.With the help of Figure 2, describe the role of flooding in the formation of riverlandforms.
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1 (c) Channel characteristics such as cross profile, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius,roughness and efficiency change downstream.Describe and explain how channel characteristics change downstream.
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1880–3000
–2500
–2000
–1500
–1000
–500
0
1920Year
Lengthchange
(m) Grosser AletschCurrent length: 24.0 km
TrientCurrent length: 4.9 km
1960 2000
PizolCurrent length: 0.6 km
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2 COLD ENVIRONMENTS
2 (a) Study Figure 3 which shows the changing lengths of three glaciers in the Alps.
Figure 3
2 (a) (i) Describe the trends shown in Figure 3.
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2 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for the trends shown in Figure 3.
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Warm based (temperate) glacier
Key
Cold based (polar) glacier
Base–30
Surface of glacier
–20 –10°C
0 10 –30 –20 –10°C
0 10
Increasingdepth
S
TemperaturePressure melting point
SW
Summer surface temperatureWinter surface temperature
WSurface of glacier
Increasingdepth
Base
W S
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2 (b) Study Figures 4a and 4b which show how temperature changes with depth in a warmbased glacier and a cold based glacier.
Figure 4a Figure 4b
2 (b) (i) With reference to Figures 4a and 4b, distinguish between warm based and cold basedglaciers.
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2 (b) (ii) With the help of Figures 4a and 4b, explain how ice moves by basal sliding.
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2 (c) Assess the role of meltwater erosion and deposition in the formation of fluvioglaciallandforms.
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0 1 km
Craig Ddu
Criccieth beach
Black Rock Sands
Area of investigation
Cardigan Bay
N
Criccieth
Prevailing wind
direction
1
3
West East
1
10
2
4
3
12
4
16
5
9
6
26
7
42
8
34
9
60
10
73
Sampling point
% of particlesless than 10 mm
in length
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3 COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
3 (a) Study Figure 5 which shows the size of beach material along Criccieth beach,Cardigan Bay.
Figure 5
3 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5.
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3 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5.
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01020Altitude
(m)Beach
Dune ridges
Sea
30
Embryodunes
Foredunes
Yellow mobiledunes
Grey fixeddunes
Slacks
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3 (b) Study Figure 6, a cross-section of a dune system.
Figure 6
3 (b) (i) Describe how the dunes change inland.
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3 (b) (ii) Explain the conditions needed for the development of coastal dunes.
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3 (c) Using a case study, assess the causes and consequences of coastal flooding.
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30 °S
30 °N
Equator
KeyAridSemi-arid
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4 HOT DESERT ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR MARGINS
4 (a) Study Figure 7 which shows the distribution of arid and semi-arid areas.
Figure 7
4 (a) (i) Describe the distribution of arid and semi-arid areas shown in Figure 7.
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4 (a) (ii) Explain the distribution of arid areas shown in Figure 7.
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0.1 0.25
2.00
0.15
Under 0.15
Particle size(mm)
1.0
300Height (m)(approximate scale) Prevailing wind
Dust storm
C1C D C2D1 D2
(Dust)
(Fine sand)
(Coarse sandand pebbles)
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4 (b) Study Figure 8 which shows how material is transported by the wind.
Figure 8
4 (b) (i) With reference to Figure 8, outline how wind transports material of different sizes.
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4 (b) (ii) Explain how methods of wind transportation affect the processes of deflation andabrasion.
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4 (c) Assess the role of water in the formation of desert landforms.
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End of Section A
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(34)
SECTION B
Answer Question 5 and one other question from this section.
5 POPULATION CHANGE
5 (a) Study Figure 9 which shows population density in China.
Figure 9
5 (a) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 9.
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N 0 500 km
Key
More than 700People per km2
Tianjin
Jiangsu
Shanghai
Hong KongMacau
Hainan
500 – 700300 – 499100 – 2990 – 99
Henan
Hebei
Hubei
Hunan
Anhui
Fujian
JiangxiZhejiang
Jilin
Liaoning
Shanxi
Shaanxi
Sichuan
Yunnan
Guizhou
Guangxi
InnerMongolia
Heilongjiang
Tibet
Qinghai
Xinjiang
Gansu
Guangdong
Chongqing
Ningxia
Beijing
Shandong
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5 (b) Explain why the population density of an area may change over time.
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5 (c) Study Figures 10a and 10b which show China's population structure in 2000 and2050 (projected).China introduced a population control policy in 1979.
Figure 10a Figure 10b
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7070 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
100+95 – 9990 – 9485 – 8980 – 8475 – 7970 – 7465 – 6960 – 6455 – 5950 – 5445 – 4940 – 4435 – 3930 – 3425 – 2920 – 2415 – 1910 – 14
5 – 90 – 4
Population (millions)
Age
FemalesMales
2050
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7070 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
100+95 – 9990 – 9485 – 8980 – 8475 – 7970 – 7465 – 6960 – 6455 – 5950 – 5445 – 4940 – 4435 – 3930 – 3425 – 2920 – 2415 – 1910 – 14
5 – 90 – 4
Population (millions)
Age
FemalesMales
2000
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5 (c) To what extent do Figures 10a and 10b suggest that China's population policy willallow sustainable development?
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5 (d) “For better and for worse?” Discuss how population change can affect the character ofrural and urban areas.
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6 FOOD SUPPLY ISSUES
6 (a) Study Figure 11 which shows worldwide trading patterns in food between 2000 and2002.
Figure 11
6 (a) (i) Outline the pattern shown in Figure 11.
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No dataHigh HighLow Low0
Net imports (%) Net exports (%)
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6 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why some countries are net importers of food.
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6 (b) Explain how genetically modified crops can increase the food supply.
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6 (c) To what extent can an increase in the demand for organic produce and locally sourcedfood be seen as environmentally and economically beneficial?
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7 ENERGY ISSUES
7 (a) Study Figure 12 which shows the percentage distribution of proven oil reserves in1987, 1997 and 2007.
Figure 12
7 (a) (i) Summarise the changes shown in Figure 12.
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1987Total 910.2 thousand
million barrels
1997Total 1069.3 thousand
million barrels
Key
2007Total 1237.9 thousand
million barrels
61.063.962.2
8.28.3
Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding
6.4
7.5
11.14.4
7.0
8.7
8.33.8
11.6
9.5
9.0
5.6 3.3
Middle EastEurope and EurasiaAfrica
South and Central AmericaNorth AmericaAsia Pacific
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7 (a) (ii) In 2007, it was predicted that oil reserves would last a further 41.6 years. Explain whyoil reserves may be exhausted in this time.
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7 (b) Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using biomass as a source ofenergy.
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7 (c) Discuss the view that nuclear power can be managed so that it is an environmentallysustainable source of energy.
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8 HEALTH ISSUES
8 (a) Study Figure 13 which shows the percentage of people who stated that they were inpoor health in England and Wales in the 2001 census.
Figure 13
8 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 13.
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Key
11.9 – 16.5
% of people withpoor health
9.1 – 11.87.4 – 9.05.7 – 7.33.5 – 5.6
0 150 km
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8 (a) (ii) Study Figure 14 which shows the number of doctors per 10 000 population in 2001.
Figure 14
Describe the relationships between the information shown in Figure 14 and that shownin Figure 13.
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31.3 – 55.9
Number of doctorsper 10 000 population
23.8 – 31.218.4 – 23.712.1 – 18.34.0 – 12.0
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8 (b) Suggest reasons for regional variations in health in the UK.
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8 (c) Discuss issues associated with pharmaceutical transnational corporations regardingresearch, production and distribution of drugs.
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Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases efforts to contact copyright-holders have beenunsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Figure 1: Macdonald, Black & Wherrity (2002)Figure 2: Garth Porrell in icteachers.co.ukFigure 3: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from ‘Meltdown in the Alps’ Gary Atherton, GeoActive
Online Unit 411, first published in 2009Figures 4a & 4b: Glaciation and Periglaciation, Jane Knight, Philip Allan, 2007. Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan UpdatesFigures 5 & 6: Coasts, Peter Stiff, Philip Allan Updates, 2007. Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan UpdatesFigure 7: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from AQA AS Geography, John Smith, Roger Knill,
978 0 7487 8258 1, first published in 2008Figure 8: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from Geography: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edn),
David Waugh, 978-0174447061, Nelson ThornesFigures 9 & 10: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from ‘Chinese Population Policies: An Update’, David
Wood, GeoActive Online Unit 412, first published in 2008Figure 11: Net Trade in Food, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFigure 12: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from ‘Global Patterns of Energy Supply’ Paul Guinness,
GeoFile Online Unit 592, first published in 2008Figures 13 & 14: Geography Review, May 2006, Wheeler, Mitchell, Shaw and Dorling, Geography Review, May 2006. Reproduced
by permission of Philip Allan Updates
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