APUSH Lecture 4A (covers Ch. 11) Mrs. Kray Some slides taken from Suan Pojer.
-
Upload
calvin-brice-alexander -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of APUSH Lecture 4A (covers Ch. 11) Mrs. Kray Some slides taken from Suan Pojer.
MANIFEST DESTINY AND ITS
LEGACY,1840-1850APUSH Lecture 4A
(covers Ch. 11)
Mrs. KraySome slides taken from Suan Pojer
Trends in Antebellum America
Growing divisions between North and South
Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
New Intellectual and Religious Movements
Re-emergence of the 2-party system
Increasing federal power
Increasing nationalism which led to territorial
expansion
Looking Westward
Manifest Destiny Name given to the belief that the U.S.
would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific OceanCoined by newspaper editor John
O’Sullivan in 1845
Forces Driving ExpansionNationalism, population increase, rapid
economic development, technological advances, reforming ideals
Some opposed expansion b/c they feared it would re-ignite the slave debate and threaten the Union’s stability Henry Clay
Manifest Destiny & Texas
1823: Mexico gained independence from SpainEncouraged American
immigration
Stephen Austin brought 300 American families
By 1830, Americans outnumbered Mexicans in Texas 3 to 1.
The War for Texas Independence, 1836 1829: Mexico outlawed slavery & required
conversion to CatholicismMany Texas settlers ignored the law
Mexico closed Texas to American immigration…but the American keep coming!
Gen. Lopez de Santa Ana came to power and insisted that Texans follow Mexico’s lawsMarch 1836: Texas rebels under the leadership
of Sam Houston
The Lone Star Republic is Born, 1836-1844
War for IndependenceMexico defeats Texans at Battle of the
AlamoBattle of San Jacinto
○ Texans defeat Mexican army & capture Santa Ana
○ Under threat of execution, Santa Ana signed treaty recognizing Texas independence
President Sam Houston applies for annexation to U.S.3 U.S. presidents (Jackson, Van
Buren, & Harrison) all put off requestFeared re-igniting slave debate &
angering Mexico
Manifest Destiny & Oregon Treaty of 1818 grants
joint U.S. & British occupation of Oregon TerritoryHardly anyone lives
there
1840s – Oregon Fever sweeps the U.S.
Between 1840-1860 more than 250,000 Americans moved westward
The Oregon Trail
Americans traveled more than 2,000 miles over the Oregon Trail
"The Oregon Trail” by Albert Bierstadt, 1869
The Reality of Life on the Trail Wagon trains averaged
15 miles per day
Conditions were harshThreatened by disease,
depression, & Indian attacks
After months of travel, wagon trains would reach the foothills of the Rockies or face the hardships of the southwestern deserts
Americans traveled 2,000 miles over the Oregon Trail to settle in the area south of the Columbia
River
"The Oregon Trail” by Albert Bierstadt, 1869
Wagon train averaged 15 miles per day
Conditions were harsh – threatened by disease, depression, & Indian attacks
After months of travel, wagon trains would reach the foothills of the Rockies or face the hardships of the southwestern deserts.
April, 1846 – April, 1847April, 1846 – April, 1847
James Reed & WifeJames Reed & Wife
Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen
Of the 83 members of the
Donner Party, only 45 survived and
got to CA!
Of the 83 members of the
Donner Party, only 45 survived and
got to CA!
CANNIBALISM
! CANNIBALISM
!
Expansion and War
The Election of 1844 Election was a referendum on Manifest Destiny
Many Americans believed it was our destiny to take all of Oregon, annex Texas, and persuade Mexico to give up California too
Whig PartyNominated Henry Clay…againTried to straddle the Texas issue
Democrats were dividedDark horse candidate James K.
Polk gets the nomination○ Supporter of expansion (Texas,
Oregon, California) ○ Campaign slogan “54o40’ or Fight”
The Results
Henry Clay’s last minute support of Texas annexation alienated NY votersThey bolt the Whig Party and vote for the anti-slavery Liberty
Party candidate James Birney Polk wins!!! President Tyler sees his victory as a mandate to annex
Texas, he pushed it through Congress
The Presidency of James K. Polk, 1845-1849
Lowered the tariff
Resolved the Oregon boundary disputeNo actual “54o40 or fight” –
divided Oregon at the 49th parallel
Some Northerners see this as a sell out to Southern interests b/c loss of potential free states
Restored the independent treasury
Acquired California
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
In 1844, the Democrats were splitThe three nominees for the presidential candidateWere Martin Van Buren, a former president and an abolitionistJames Buchanan, a moderateLewis Cass, a general and expansionistFrom Nashville came a dark horse riding upHe was James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
Austere, severe, he held few people dearHis oratory filled his foes with fearThe factions soon agreedHe's just the man we needTo bring about victoryFulfill our Manifest DestinyAnd annex the land the Mexicans commandAnd when the votes were cast the winner wasMister James K. Polk, Napoleon of the Stump!
“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants
In four short years he met his every goalHe seized the whole southwest from MexicoMade sure the tariffs fellAnd made the English sell the Oregon TerritoryHe built an independent treasuryHaving done all this he sought no second termBut precious few have mourned the passing ofMister James K. Polk, our eleventh president“Young Hickory,” Napoleon of the Stump!
The War with Mexico,1846-1848
The Road to War Nov. 1845: Slidell Mission
Goal: gain recognition of Rio Grande as the Southern border of Texas○ In exchange U.S. would give up American
citizens claims against Mexican government Also offered to by New Mexico area for $5
million dollars and California at any price Mission failed
April 1846: “American Blood Spilled on American Soil” Polk justified the Mexican War by claiming
Mexican troops had illegally crossed into U.S. territory & attacked and killed American soldiers○ War declared in May 1846
Led by Abraham Lincoln & supported by transcendentalists like Thoreau, the Whig Party opposed the war
The Mexican American War With a force of 15,000 Gen. Stephen
Kearney takes the New Mexico territory and Southern California
June 1846: John Fremont leads a revolt in CaliforniaBear Flag Republic created
1847: Battle of Buena VistaGen. Zachary Taylor drives the Spanish
army from Texas
Gen. Winfield Scott leads invasion of MexicoBombardment of Vera CruzSeizes Mexico City
Gen. Zachary Taylor“Old Rough & Ready”
Gen. Winfield Scott“Old Fuss & Feathers”
The Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848
Mexico forced to sign treaty
Gave up claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande
Mexican CessionU.S. gave Mexico $15,000,000
for California and New Mexico
U.S. agreed to pay American citizens’ claims against the Mexican government (over $3,500,000)
The United States in 1848
Opposition to the Treaty Whig Party
Saw the war as an immoral effort to expand slavery
Young Whig Congressman from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, spoke out eloquently against the war
Southern DemocratsDisliked the treaty because they wanted ALL
of Mexico
Effects of the War & Treaty
17 month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly from disease)
New territories brought into the U.S. re-ignited the slave debate
New territory upset the balance of power between North and South
Manifest Destiny partially realized
To popular generals (Zachary Taylor & Winfield Scott) would run for president as Whigs