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Aptitude Shortcuts and Formulae for Profit and Loss | Download in PDF:

Aptitude Shortcut methods and formulas that used in aptitude questions related to Profit

and Loss were given below in pdf. Candidates those who are preparing for IBPS

PO/Clerk, SBI and all other competitive exams can use this.

Terms used in Profit and Loss Aptitude Questions:

Cost Price (Cp):

The Price, at which an article is purchased, is called its Cost Price, abbreviated as

Cost Price.

Selling Price (sp):

The Price at which an article is sold is called its Selling Price, abbreviated as

Selling Price.

Profit or Gain:

If Selling Price is greater than Cost Price, the seller is said to have a profit or gain.

Loss:

If Selling Price is less than Cost Price, the seller is said to have incurred a loss.

Formulae:

1. Gain= S.P-C.P

2. Loss=C.P-S.P

3. Loss or Gain is always reckoned on cost price

4. Gain%= 100

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5. Loss%=100

6. Selling Price=(100+ %)

100 Cost Price

7. Selling Price=(100%)

100Cost Price

8. Cost Price=100

(100+ %)Selling Price

9. Cost Price=100

(100%)Selling Price

10. If an article is sold at a gain of say 35% then Sp=135%of C.P.

11. If an article is sold at a loss of say 35% then SP=65% of C.P.

12. When a Person sells two similar items, one at a gain of say, X% and other at a

Loss of X%, then the seller always incurs a Loss given by

Loss%= [ %

10]2 =[

X

10]2

13. If a trader professes to sell his goods at Cost Price, but uses false weights, then

Gain%= [Error

True Value Error 100] %

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Typed Formulae For Short Cut Solution:

TYPE-1

Conditional Trick:

If Cost Price of X goods =Selling Price of Y goods

Then,

1. Gain% = XY

Y100 (In case of X>Y)

2. Loss% =YX

Y100 (In case of X

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TYPE-3

Miscellaneous Trick:

1. When a man buys two things on equal price each and in those things one is

sold on the profit of X% and another is sold on the loss of X%, then there is

no loss or gain percent.

Question: If Ram buys two cows at Rs.824 each and sells one at again of 14%

and another at a loss of 14%. How such does he gain or loss in the whole

transaction?

Ans: No Loss, no gain.

Reasoning: whatever he gain on the 1st cow, the same he loses on the other.

2. When a man sells two things at the same price each and in this process his

loss on first thing is X% and gain on second thing is X% then in such a type of

questions, there is always a loss.

Loss% =X% of X =X2

100 = (

X

10)2

Question: A man sold two watches at Rs.450 each. He sold one at a loss of 15%

and the other at a gain of 15%. His loss or gain is:

(1) 15% gain (2) 30% loss

(3) 2.25% loss (4) neither loss nor gain

(5) None ANS: (3) 2.25% (loss)

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TRICK: Loss% = (15

10)2 % = 2.25%

3. Dishonest dealer and less Weight:

Gain% = Error

True value Error 100

Where, error=1000 gm-used weight of goods

Question: A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price, but

used a weight of 950 gms for a kilogram weight. His gain percent is

(1) 5% (2) 5.26% (3) 4% (4) 4.75% (5) None

Ans: (2)

TRICK:

Gain% = 50

100050100 =

50

950 100

=5.26% ANS.

4. If A sells a thing to B at again of R1%, B sells it to c at a gain of R2% and C

sells it to D at a gain of R3%

Then, cost price of D = cost price of

A (1+R1

100) (1+

R2

100) (1+

R3

100)

Question: A sells a watch to B at a gain of 20%, B sells it to C at a gain of 25%

and C sells it to D at again of 10%. If D pays Rs.330, what did it cost A?

(1) Rs.250 (2) Rs.300 (3) Rs.200 (4) Rs.225 (5) None

TRICK:

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300=x (1+12

100) (1+

25

100) (1+

10

100)

X=330100100100

120125110 = Rs. 200 ANS.

Where X is supposed the cost price of A.

5. If a sells a thing to B at a loss of R1%,B sells it to C at a loss of R2% and C

sells it to D at a loss of R3% then,

Cost Price of D = cost price of

A (1- R1

100) (1-

R2

100) (1-

R3

100)

Question: If A sells a radio to B at a loss of 20%, B sells it to C at a loss of

30% and C sells it to D at a loss of 10%. If cost price of A was Rs. 2,000

then cost price of D is

(1) Rs.1280 (2) Rs.1190 (3) Rs.1305 (4)1008 (5) None

ANS: (4)

TRICK:

Cost price of D

= 2000 (1- 20

100) (1-

30

100) (1-

10

100)

= 2000 80

100

70

100

90

100

= Rs. 1,880 ANS.