APRIL 27, 2015 MONDAY What “caused” World War I? Who were the Allied Powers and the Central...
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Transcript of APRIL 27, 2015 MONDAY What “caused” World War I? Who were the Allied Powers and the Central...
APRIL 27, 2015MONDAY
• What “caused” World War I?• Who were the Allied Powers and
the Central Powers?• Why and when did the United
States enter World War I?
LT: UNDERSTAND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT WORLD WAR 1, IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND ITS IMPACT ON THE CURRENT WORLD.
CAUSES OF WW1 – MANIA!
• Militarism – policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war
• Alliances – agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
• Nationalism – extreme pride in one’s country
• Imperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
• Assassination – of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MILITARISM1910-1914: Increase in Defense Spending
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
What looks suspicious about these numbers?
DEFENSE ALLIANCES
European powers formed rival alliances to protect themselves Triple Alliance: Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente: Great Britain,
France, RussiaPROBLEM? One event could drag all countries involved into a conflict.
TRIPLE ALLIANCE
TRIPLE ENTENTE
ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE- Gavrilo Princip (The Black Hand Organization)
- main objective was creation of a greater Serbia by means of violence.
THE WAR BEGINS
WORLD WARCentral Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Azerbaijan
Ukraine
Allied Powers Great Britain
France
Russia
U.S.A.
Belgium
Serbia
Greece
Romania
Montenegro
Portugal
Italy
Japan
U.S. INVOLVEMENT
• Initial position was neutrality
-President Woodrow Wilson believed that all Americans needed to “act and speak in a spirit of neutrality”
-Most Americans felt Europe was too far away, and the conflict was not trustworthy
SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA
May 17, 1915
-British ocean liner Lusitania is fired upon and sunk by German U-boats off the
coast of Ireland.
-1,198 passengers killed (mostly civilian), including 128 Americans
-Broke international agreements regarding unrestricted warfare
-Enraged Americans and Allies
ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM
January 1917
-Secret German telegraph sent to Mexico
-asking for help from Mexico in fighting America in future war
-British intercept letter and share with U.S.
-Mexico quickly chooses not to join Germany
FIGHTING BECOMES STALEMATE
What is a stalemate
-Neither side can make a move to win
Reasons:
-19th century tactics, 20th century weapons
-Trench warfare
Life in a Trench
Results:
-Millions die without gaining ground
Trench Warfare
NEW WEAPONS
• Machine guns
• Poison gas
• Airplanes
• Submarines
• Tanks
RESULTS OF WW1
• Germany surrenders
• Treaty of Versailles 1919
-Declares Germany guilty for war
-Germany must pay reparations to Allied Powers
• Stage is set for WW2
• League of Nations formed to prevent future war
CASUALTIES
• Total troops mobilized by all countries in WW1
• 65,038,810
• Total troops dead from all countries in WW1
• 8,556,315
• Total troops wounded from all countries in WW1
• 21,219,452
• Total troops missing or POWs
• 7,750,945