April 2006 Volume 7, No 1 Centre for Legumes in ... · BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in...

BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter

Volume 7, No.1 April 2006

SULLA AND PURPLE CLOVER – TWO NEW FODDER LEGUME CULTIVARS

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BEANSTALKBEANSTALKApril 2006 Volume 7, No 1

Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter

Kevin Foster enjoying Sulla seed bulk-up in early spring

Two new highly productive, dual purpose fodder legumes will be commercially released in 2006. 139465NM purple clover is a long-season annual, while HRN83-A sulla is a short-lived perennial with a two year life-span. Both are well suited to short-term break crops or phase pastures and can be used for grazing and high quality fodder production. The deep rooting system of both species allows extended periods of spring growth and drying of the soil to a greater depth than most other commonly used annual legumes (reducing the potential for ground water recharge and salinity).

Both the purple clover and sulla have been developed through a RIRDC-funded CLIMA project (UWA65A), established to develop new cultivars of both species and to overcome seed production diffi culties previously limiting their commercial use.

HRN83-A sulla, developed by Mr Ron Yates and Mr Kevin Foster (DAFWA), provides a fodder legume option intermediate to regenerating annuals and longer-term lucerne pastures for areas with at least 500 mm annual rainfall. It is a highly erect selection

from a Tunisian accession and was the most productive and highest seed producing sulla from over 60 genotypes in both Western Australian and eastern Australian trials. Sulla contains condensed tannins, conferring anti-bloating in sheep and is also thought to assist in the control of internal parasites in lambs but this is yet to be demonstrated under Australian conditions. It sets pods high in the canopy, has high pod retention at maturity and an aerial seeding habit, features enabling direct harvesting with conventional cereal harvesters. Effi cient and relatively cost-effective seed dehulling technology for HRN83-A has also been developed.

139465NM purple clover has resistance to the common form of clover scorch, good seed production capacity, ease of harvest and ease of threshing. It is a single plant selection made by Mr Peter Skinner (DAFWA) from CPI 139465, a purple clover collected in 1995 by Prof. Clive Francis (UWA) in Turkey. Its late fl owering makes it well suited to high rainfall (>550 mm, long growing season) areas of southern Australia

by Dr Phil Nichols

continued on page2

Contents

FROM THE DIRECTOR .....................2

FEATURE ARTICLES

Sulla and Purple Clover ............................1&2

WA Eastern Grainbelt Farmers visit .....3

Growers upbeat on Grain Legumes .....4Pulse Australia appointment in WA ........4

Encouraging future scientists .....................5

RESEARCH REPORTS

ACIAR reviews BGM project ....................6

Phytoplasma in red clover ...........................7

CLIMA EXTENSION Industry Group meeting ................................7

What’s new on CLIMA’s website ............8

Recent CLIMA Research Publications .......9

Meetings Diary .............................................10

VISITORS and TRAVEL NEWS

Characterising germplasm ........................11

Transforming Phaseolus ............................11

India: projects assessed ..............................11

India: Kabuli versus Desi chickpeas ......12

India: Chickpea farming trends ...............12

Table of CLIMA Visitors ............................13

All about Fodder legumes, in French! ..14

Baby News ...................................................3

PhD Congratulations! ........................4

John Slatter awarded .........................5

New Faces .....................................................6

Agronomy Conference ......................8Focus: Pulses in the FeedIndustry..........................................................8

Plant Virology Workshop ...............8

CLIMA SEMINAR SERIES 2006

Please contact Debbie Thackray

d j thack@cl ima .uwa .edu . auto suggest topics and speakers.

In particular we value the earliest possible advice of seminars offered by visitors during 2006.

mailto:[email protected]



FROM THE DIRECTOR

Professor Kadambot [email protected]

We are receiving some positive feed back from the industry regarding the 2005 season performances of recently released CLIMA grain and pasture legume varieties. Demand for seed of the new varieties exceeds supply and further seed bulk up will continue in the 2006 season. We are at an advanced stage in the commercial release of two new pasture legume species (Sulla and Purple Clover). Prof. Clive Francis and his team have developed two new varieties of Red Clover (Trfolium pratense cvs Genstar and Genstar Null). Both varieties have high biochnain A isofl avone and these are licensed to Novogen Ltd. Ms Margaret Campbell and Prof. Francis are also at an advanced stage in the commercial development of new varieties of alternative oilseeds (Mustard, Camelina, Golden Linseed and Crambe)

Recently, CLIMA’s Industry Advisory Group (IAG) met at the Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (DAFWA), South Perth. The IAG discussed priorities and the future funding of pasture legume research in WA and made several recommendations. The IAG Chair has contacted various funding bodies regarding the future funding of legume pasture research in WA. Mr David Thomas, Mr John Orr and Mr Mick Poole after 5 years of contribution to CLIMA have stepped down from the IAG. Their contribution in the strategic direction of the Centre, especially on industry matters, has been signifi cant. On behalf of CLIMA I would like to sincerely thank all three for their valuable contribution. I also welcome Adj. Prof. Karam Singh (CSIRO) and Mr Crawford Taylor (State Manger, Rural Banking, Rabobank) as new members of CLIMA IAG.

On the research front, our chickpea breeding project in partnership with ICRISAT and COGGO is progressing well (see article

in this newsletter). We have signed a new project agreement with ICRISAT and COGGO to screen ICRISAT’s chickpea core collection for salinity and boron toxicity tolerance (see picture). The “Seeds of Life project 2: East Timor” jointly funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and AusAID is progressing well. I will be visiting East Timor shortly to discuss the crop diversifi cation and germplasm aspects of the project with the Project team. We have had some positive feed back from the Australian Research Council (ARC) regarding two ARC - linkage projects submitted late last year. The results of these project applications will be known in May 2006. In March we submitted a project entitled “Physiological and molecular characterization of faba bean germplasm for adaptation to drought-prone environments of Australia and China” to the Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST) under the China-Australia collaborative Program. The Institute of Crop Science at the Zhejiang University is our Chinese partner in the above project application.

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and it has also performed exceptionally well in northern New South Wales. Its high quality (76% digestibility in early September) and productivity, particularly late in the growing season, makes it well suited to high quality fodder production (silage or hay) systems. It is also well suited to phase farming systems, short term leys or as a green manure crop in crop rotations.

Expressions of interest to produce and market seed of both cultivars will be sought in April, 2006. Approximately 40 kg of pre-basic seed is available of HRN83-A sulla, while 190 kg is available of 139465NM purple clover. 139465NM purple clover will be released as a public cultivar, but a trademark will be sought on the cultivar name. PBR protection will be sought for HRN83-A sulla. For further information, contact Dr Phil Nichols (08 9368 3547) or Dr Clinton Revell (08 9368 3596).

Peter Skinner lost in a purple clover bulk-up!

In 2006, we have already published a number of high quality papers and several others are in press (see list of recent publications in this newsletter). I strongly encourage our researchers to publish their research fi ndings in high impact journals. I have had a meeting with Professor Ian Small (Director of the new ARC Centre of Excellence, Plant Energy Biology at UWA) to explore the possibilities of collaboration between his Centre and CLIMA. Professor Ian Small was very positive about this and will be delivering a seminar at CLIMA in September. CLIMA has established collaboration with the newly formed WA Centre of Excellence in Genomics, Medicine and Food. Professor Craig Atkins

will lead a project on using Proteomics and Metabolomic tools to characterize grain protein and its components during lupin seed development. This project will work very closely with Adjunct Professor Karam Singh’s group (CSIRO) who is also involved in the Centre.

It is pleasing to know that two of our PhD students (Renuka Shrestha and Oonagh Byrne) received their PhD at a recent graduation ceremony at UWA. This year we have already had several national and international visitors to CLIMA and many more are expected soon. It is important that these visitors meet our researchers and we also encourage the visitors to deliver seminars during their visit to CLIMA.

(L to R) Dr Dyno Keatinge (ICRISAT); Mr Geoff Smith (COGGO) and Prof. Kadambot Siddique exchanging new project agreement documents at ICRISAT, India.


BABY NEWS

Congratulations to CLIMA Research Fellow, Dr Janine Croser and partner Rennie Barnett on the birth of Xavier James Barnett. He was born 27th January at 1.30pm and all are enjoying some extended leave with family in Victoria.

Shortly afterwards on 3rd February Yannic Lichtenzveig was born to CLIMA researchers Drs Judith Lichtenzveig and Theo Pfaff and the little lad has already been to his fi rst CLIMA seminar!



FEATURE ARTICLES

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EASTERN GRAINBELT FARMERS VISIT CLIMA by Mr Brendon Cant

WA’s eastern grainbelt farmers have a wish list, but understand there are no silver bullets wrapped up in the one pulse crop or pasture legume. According to agronomist Travis Hollins, who recently led a visit to CLIMA by 20 farmers from Beacon and Wialki, the most pressing wishes are for cold and disease tolerant chickpeas and lupins suited to local soil types and environments.

“Lupins have averaged only 600kg to 800kg in the last 10 years. The superior anthracnose resistance in the new Albus variety Andromeda is not necessary in our low rainfall district and its yields can’t outdo the anthracnose susceptible Kiev mutant, due to its late maturity.

“We’re becoming more confi dent with desi chickpeas on some of our heavier soils, especially with the new varieties Sonali, Rupali and Genesis all looking promising,” Mr Hollins said.

During the visit, growers met with several researchers, who demonstrated some of their work in the glasshouses. One of them, Dr Ping Si, is trying to reduce the negative effects of some herbicides on pulses in her GRDC funded project in collaboration with the National Pulse Program, the WA Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) and the WA Herbicide Resistance Initiative (WAHRI) at UWA.

“While chickpea and narrow-leafed lupin are priorities in the new GRDC funded project, fi eld peas, lentils and faba beans will also be screened for herbicide tolerance,” Dr Si said.

This project follows previous GRDC supported research to induce and identify lupin mutants highly tolerant to metribuzin in the anthracnose resistant variety Tanjil.

The grower group also heard how Pearl, or

mutabilis lupins, could in the near future boost WA’s lupin industry, which is the world’s largest. Dr Jon Clements said that because of Pearl lupin’s high protein (43 per cent) and oil (18 per cent), increasing interest in lupin protein isolates and higher protein feed markets, they may have a role to play.

“Currently, with GRDC funding, we’ve bred low alkaloid, early fl owering genotypes with reasonable agronomic attributes and we expect a fi rst cultivar release by late 2008.”

With low overnight eastern wheatbelt temperatures in spring interfering with early pod set in chickpea and reducing yield by up to 15 per cent, Dr Heather Clarke said that while important to avoid cool conditions at fl owering, delaying sowing pushed pod fi ll into October, when terminal drought conditions led to poor and unstable yields.

“Effectively, this double jeopardy prompted GRDC funded research at CLIMA to develop more robust varieties that fl ower earlier and set pods while moisture is abundant,” she explained to the farmers. The outcome was the release of desi chickpea varieties Sonali and Rupali, which set pods up to two weeks earlier.

Working with wild germplasm from the

Middle East, which has resistance to ascochyta blight and budworm, and tolerance to cold and drought, Dr Clarke is crossing chickpea and its distant relatives using the latest biotechnology techniques.

“When breeders want to cross two species that are genetically wide apart it can be difficult,” she said. Collaborating with Canadian and Indian researchers, with GRDC support, we’re rescuing the hybrid embryos before they are aborted, like ‘test tube babies’, by growing them in the laboratory until they are able to return to the glasshouse. Resulting progeny can then be used in conventional breeding programs.”

The farmers concluded their tour with a visit to the CLIMA Genetic Transformation Laboratory where they heard about methods developed by CLIMA for genetically modifying a range of grain legumes, including narrow-leafed lupin, chickpea, lentil and faba bean. Dr Susan Barker described some of the work being done by PhD student Mr Teguh Wijayanto on transforming narrow-leafed lupin to provide resistance to a range of fungal pathogens.


Volume 7, No.1 April 2006 4

In spite of depressed prices and negative sentiments from some in the Agribusiness world, growers are maintaining their grain legume crop areas in 2006.

Alan Meldrum from Pulse Australia has heard this from the many growers who attended the recent round of GrainPool Update meetings. “I expected there to be an indication of a general decline in planting intentions, but the opposite happened. Growers recognize the lack of profi tability at current prices, but realise the consequences of reducing grain legumes in their rotations.”

Growers from Yuna to Broomehill, and Koorda to Lake King said they would be maintaining their lupin and fi eld pea areas. The current level of stored subsoil moisture combined with the rotational benefi ts of legumes was the basis for this confi dence. Increasing cereal areas at the expense of legumes is risky due to the increased costs of Nitrogen fertilisers and higher incidences of cereal root and foliar diseases, particularly rust. These risks increase for 2007 if there is less land planted to grain legumes in 2006.

Field pea areas will increase, driven by

GROWERS UPBEAT ON GRAIN LEGUMES by Mr Alan Meldrum

Farmers get the low-down on Kaspa from Ian Pritchard (DAFWA) at Mingenew in 2005

the success of Kaspa last year, while lupin

areas will be dependent on the break of the

season. “Good early rain will see lupin areas

remain substantially the same as in 2005”.

Chickpeas will be of particular interest

as growers try the new desi and kabuli

varieties. Both Sonali and Genesis 836 are

readily available if you’re a Desi grower,

while Almaz and Nafi ce supplies are good

for the Kabuli growers.

Grain legumes are the cornerstones of

our broadacre cropping rotations. With

seasonal prospects underpinned by the

extensive summer rain, growers should be

able to plant grain legumes with confi dence

in 2006.

Congratulations to Dr Oonagh Byrne who received her PhD from the University of Western Australia at the autumn graduation ceremony on 29th March 2006. Oonagh, a long-term CLIMA researcher until recently, was supervised by Dr Penny Smith (ex. UWA), Dr Guijun Yan (UWA) and Dr Darryl Hardie (DAFWA). Her thesis was entitled “Incorporation of pea weevil resistance from wild pea (Pisum fulvum) into cultivated fi eld pea (Pisum sativum)”, and she was funded by the Grains Research and Development Corporation. Oonagh is proud Mum to eight month old Sinéad, and is writing research papers in her spare time. She hopes to return to full-time research in the near future.

Congratulations also to Dr Renuka Shrestha who received her PhD in absentia from the University of Western Australia in March 2006. Renuka was supervised by Professor Kadambot Siddique, Adjunct Professor Neil Turner and Associate Professor David Turner and her thesis title was “Adaptation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) to rainfed environment – response to water defi cits”. Renuka’s PhD study was supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) through a John Allwright Fellowship. Renuka has also published several scientifi c and conference papers from her thesis. She is currently working as a Research Agronomist with the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) based at Kathmandu.

Dr Renuka Shrestha with Prof. Alan Robson (Vice Chancellor, UWA) and her supervisors at the PhD completion ceremony at UWA.

PhD CONGRATULATIONS!



The great ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius said: “Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I will know. Let me do it and I will understand”.

To encourage high-quality students into University education scientifi c studies by helping young Australian generations to understand science, GRDC established an Industry Placement Scholarship Initiative in WA 3 years ago (started initially in Tasmania 3-5 years ago). As part of this project, CLIMA researchers Dr Fucheng Shan, Dr Julia Wilson and Ms Junhong Ma, recently accommodated a year 12 student Ms Ritu Garg, from Mt Lawley Senior High School, for a one-week short placement on the Introduction to Molecular Genetics.

The researchers organised a tight schedule to familiarise Ritu with the UWA academic study environment. It included a tour of research facilities and a brief introduction to theories on molecular markers, genetics, legume crossing and their application in practical breeding. The hands-on experience was the focus of this placement and Ritu learned that any research involving plants has a large manual labour component! She successfully extracted quality DNA from chickpeas and lupins and generated RAPD markers. She was also exposed to data analysis. To apply genetic theory to practical plant breeding, she experienced

by Dr Fucheng ShanENCOURAGING FUTURE SCIENTISTS

hands-on interspecific hybridisation between chickpea and its wild relatives. She also rescued these hybrids in the laboratory using innovative tissue culture techniques.

Ritu impressed the researchers with her positive attitude towards science, great curiosity, and solid results obtained during such a short time. The practical approach and theory behind Australian agricultural research and development has attracted

her interest. “The DNA extraction and generation of molecular markers are so interesting that they deepened my interest in genetics,” Ritu said. We hope that Ritu will return to UWA to undertake her undergraduate studies in Agricultural Science.

Further information on the Scholarships can be obtained from Project Offi cer Mr Colin Hawke [email protected].

Julia Wilson, Junhong Ma and Fucheng Shan watch Ritu at work.

Well known Pulse Australia extension agronomist Mr John Slatter was recently awarded the GRDC Seed of Light for his work in the pulse fi eld in Northern NSW and Queensland.

Held in Goondiwindi, the GRDC Grains Research Update was the opportunity for John to receive the award at the conference dinner.

John’s enthusiasm and tireless work to prove the worth of Pulses in the Northern region has resulted in Chickpeas becoming a very profi table part of the winter cropping rotation. He has also contributed substantially to the Mungbean industry in the summer cropping regions of north eastern Australia.

John has always taken a keen interest in pulse developments in WA and up until recently had responsibility for the direction of Pulse Australia’s activities in the state.

Humbled and surprised by the award, John thanked his colleagues and friends throughout Australia for their support in the promotion of pulses for farm profi tability.

AWARD TO JOHN SLATTER by Mr Alan Meldrum




RESEARCH REPORTS

ACIAR BGM CHICKPEA PROJECT REVIEWED IN AUSTRALIA AND BANGLADESH

The ACIAR project on Integrated Management of Botrytis Grey Mould (BGM) in Chickpea was recently reviewed in Australia and Bangladesh. This is a joint project between CLIMA, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India, NSW DPI, Victorian DPI, University of Melbourne and the Department of Agricultural Extension Bangladesh. The project is funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).

The overall objective of the project is to enable farmers, particularly those in Bangladesh and Australia, to better manage outbreaks of BGM in order to increase the yield of chickpea and stability of that yield over seasons. The specifi c objectives of the project are to:

Assemble and screen a wide range of chickpea germplasm against BGM, under field conditions at sites in Bangladesh and Nepal, where there is reliable disease pressure, and to subsequently confirm that this resistance is transferable by screening promising lines under Australian conditions.Produce and distribute seed of less BGM susceptible chickpea germplasm to farmers in Bangladesh.Fine-tune and demonstrate (on-farm) integrated disease management packages in Bangladesh and Australia.Train Bangladeshi scientists in recently evolved on-farm research and development techniques, foliar

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by Prof. Kadambot Siddique and Mr Bill MacLeod

BARI researchers showing the review team the chickpea BGM screening nursery at Ishurdi, Bangladesh.

disease resistance screening and breeding. Also, to provide training in integrated crop management for chickpea to extension workers and farmers in Bangladesh.

The project which will have been operating for 3 years in June 2006 was recently reviewed in Melbourne and in Bangladesh. The external reviewers of the project were Dr Barbra Howlett (Melbourne University) and Professor IPS Ahlawat (Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi). From CLIMA, Professor Kadambot Siddique (overall leader of the project) and Mr Bill MacLeod (Project offi cer) participated in the review. The project has so far achieved excellent outcomes, particularly in:

identifying chickpea germpalsm (> 10) •

with superior resistance to BGM, improved integrated crop management packages in Bangladesh (15 to 50% greater yield than the farmer practices) , and improving the skills and expertise of Bangladeshi farmers, extension workers and scientists in integrated crop management and disease resistance breeding strategies.

We believe that the review went extremely well, with some positive feedback already received from the reviewers on the professional way in which the project was presented (written, oral and fi eld sites). We are seeking an extension of the project for another 3 year term and are expecting the recommendations of the review team to be presented to ACIAR soon.

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Ms Helen Bowers joined CLIMA in March as a Research Assistant working on the GRDC funded project ‘An international collaboration to develop a protocol for interspecifi c hybridisation in chickpea’, with Dr Heather Clarke and Prof. Kadambot Siddique. Her knowledge and skills in seed development and in vitro plant culture will be invaluable to the project.Helen has a Bachelor of Environmental Science from Curtin University of Technology and did her honours project at Kings Park and Botanic Gardens on ‘Dormancy alleviation and germination of Hibbertia species for land restoration’. Her research interests are in plant physiology and genetics, with a strong focus on sustainability and rehabilitation of land in Western Australia.Helen replaces Dr Julia Wilson on the chickpea project, while Julia transfers her interspecifi c skills to lupin hybridisation at CLIMA. Assisting Helen in the glasshouse a few mornings per week is Ms Chelsea Fleming. Chelsea is an undergraduate student at UWA who likes to start her mornings with an hour or two of chickpea crosses before class! Welcome Helen and Chelsea, to the team at CLIMA.

NEW FACES by Dr Heather Clarke



‘CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA AUSTRALIENSE’ FOUND IN RED CLOVER

Phytoplasma are phloem-limited pathogens associated with many damaging plant diseases. One of the phytoplasma species most commonly found in Australia is ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’. In Australasia, it is associated with diseases of cabbage tree (Cordyline australis), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), papaya (Carica papaya), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), grapevine, Citrus paradisi and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). In September 2004, symptoms of diminished leaf size, pallor, rugosity, leaf deformation, shoot proliferation and severe stunting were observed in plants of red clover (Trifolium pratense) within plots containing otherwise vigorously growing plants. These plots were at DAFWA’s Medina Research Station just south of Perth, and belonged to a project selecting perennial pasture species suited to south-west Australian conditions. Symptomatic plants were dug out, potted, kept in insect-proofed glasshouses at ~20°C, and used as tissue sources for serological and PCR tests.

Symptomatic red clover leaf samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or tissue blot immunosorbent assay (TBIA) using antibodies to a large number of viruses previously found infecting pasture legumes in the region and also sent to ICARDA for testing. The results were all negative. Also, sap inoculation tests using leaf extracts from symptomatic red clover plants failed to cause any infection in a range of standard plant virus indicator hosts.

The possibility that the symptoms observed in perennial pasture legume species and

Symptoms of the disease in Red Clover

paddy melon at the Medina site might be caused by a phytoplasma rather than a virus was then investigated. When tested using PCR, diseased samples from all species with these symptoms were positive for a phytoplasma resembling ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’. This association was confi rmed for red clover and paddy melon by subsequent nested PCR and sequence analysis. This is the fi rst time that ‘Ca. Phytoplasma australiense’ has been reported infecting these hosts.

The plots with symptomatic plants had been growing for 2 or more years and many plants were still asymptomatic. The disease was, therefore, spreading slowly. The symptoms were severe in affected plants, and so symptomatic plants should be rogued out to diminish infection sources for spread to nearby plants or plots. Further research is needed to identify the insect vector and establish which additional alternative hosts are important as reservoirs of infection other than paddy melon.

CLIMA EXTENSION

INDUSTRY GROUP VIEW CLIMA ACTIVITIES AT DAFWA by Dr Debbie Thackray

CLIMA’s Industry Advisory Group (IAG) met at the recently renamed Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA), South Perth on 24th March, to review grain and pasture legume industry needs and R&D planning. After the meeting, members took a tour of some of DAFWA’s research facilities where a number of researchers described project work being done there on pasture and grain legumes, supported by DAFWA and a range of funding bodies.

The research areas overviewed during the DAFWA visit were:

Genetic Resource Centres, with Mr Richard Snowball (legume pastures) and Dr Bevan Buirchell (lupins)

Breeding and selection of annual pasture legumes, with Mr Brad Nutt

Breeding and selection of pulses, with Dr Tanveer Khan

National pulse breeding programs, with Ms Kerry Regan

Breeding and selection of perennial legumes, with Mr Ron Yates

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CLIMA IAG members with some of the researchers demonstrating legume research at DAFWA.

Fungal diseases in pulses, with Mr Bill MacLeod

Viral diseases in pulses, with Adj. Prof. Roger Jones

Seed process ing and industr y development, with Dr Clinton Revell and Mr Peter Skinner

Supporting industry research: the

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prototype lupin dehulling plant, with Dr Peter White and Mr Leigh Smith

Supporting lupin breeding with molecular b iotechnology, with Dr Hua’an Yang

Grain legume quality, with Mr Peter Burridge

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by Mr Mohammad Saqib, Prof. Mike Jones and Adj. Prof. Roger Jones



• Updated 2006 CLIMA seminar program www.clima.uwa.edu.au/seminars

• Press releases since the last newsletter www.clima.uwa.edu.au/publications

“Professional body picks a pulse fellow” (December)

“BGM a blight on chickpeas” (January)

“Lucrative market sprouts for WA pea growers” (January)

“Future feed replaces poisonous past” (April)

• Updates to links to Grower Group Alliance events calendars www.clima.uwa.edu.au/links

• Meetings Diary – updated for 2006 www.clima.uwa.edu.au/links

13th Agronomy Conference 10-14th September, 2006

The Australian Society of Agronomy invites you to join us in Perth for our 13th conference, “Ground-breaking Stuff”. The theme draws on our foundations in the soil, implies a strong relevance to practical agriculture and, at the same time, smacks of scientifi c breakthrough and application. It captures the excitement we feel in developing this timely conference.

For all the details please visit the Agronomy Society website

www.agronomy.org.au/events/2006

The conference starts Monday and concludes Wednesday evening with a dinner and cruise on the Swan River. We have a range of exciting Field Tours planned for Thursday. There are six plenary sessions, each with invited and volunteered papers and posters and two special features: A Young Researchers and Farmers Forum and the Donald Oration, recognising an eminent contribution from a senior member of our profession.

WHAT’S NEW ON CLIMA’S WEBSITE www.clima.uwa.edu.au

FOCUS 2006 “Pulses in the Feed Industry” 16th – 18th October, 2006

The conference venue is the Corowa RSL Club, 300km north of Melbourne and 53km west of Albury on the banks of the Murray River.

The fi eld day will be on Wednesday 18th at three sites:

Rutherglen Research Centre. Baker Seed Co. Rutherglen. Gary Drew’s farm at Brocklesby NSW.

Conference enquiries to:

Trevor Bray, Pulse Development Offi cer South East,Pulse Australia;

e-mail: [email protected]

Phone: 02 6963 6926

7th Australasian Plant Virology Workshop 9th-12th November, 2006.

The 7th Australasian Plant Virology Workshop will be held on Rottnest Island, Perth, Western Australia.

The Australasian Plant Virology Workshop Series exists so that plant virologists and researchers working on phytoplasma and viroids from Australia and New Zealand have the opportunity to get together on a regular basis. The research areas covered range from basic and molecular to ecological and applied. Researchers from other countries are welcome to attend and contribute.

For an international dimension and research benchmarking, and to bring in the latest ideas in the discipline, some key overseas researchers are invited to participate.

Further information from Prof. Mike Jones,SABC, Murdoch University

e-mail: [email protected]

Phone: (+61) 08 9360 6116/2424

Further details about the scientifi c program, plenary sessions and the invited speakers and their topics are on the website.

Abstracts in the six conference themes are invited and should be submitted via the website by 28 April 2006.

Early bird registration is available on the website.

MEETINGS

http://www.agronomy.org.au/events/2006



http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au

http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/seminars

http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/publications

http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/links

http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/links



RECENT CLIMA RESEARCH PUBLICATIONSSince the December 2005 newsletter, we have been notifi ed of the following publications by CLIMA researchers and associates. Conference papers and posters are not listed here, but are included in the 2003, 2004 and 2005 CLIMA publications lists which are on the website: www.clima.uwa.edu.au/publications

We encourage all CLIMA staff and associates to forward 2 hard copies of your CLIMA-related publications to Prof. Kadambot Siddique. Journal papers, refereed conference papers and book chapters attract considerable research income payment to CLIMA from its University partners.

Scientifi c Journals

Clarke, H.J., Siddique, K.H.M. and Khan, T.N. (2005). Chickpea improvement in southern Australia: Breeding for tolerance to chilling at fl owering. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 18(1): 1-8.

Croser, J.S., Lulsdorf, M.M., Davies, P.A., Clarke, H.J., Bayliss, K.L., Mallikarjuna, N. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2006). Toward Doubled Haploid Production in the Fabaceae: Progress, Constraints, and Opportunities. Critical Review in Plant Sciences, 25: 139-157.

Deng, X.-P., Shan, L. Zhang, H. and Turner, N. (2006). Improving agricultural water use effi ciency in arid and semiarid areas of China. Agricultural Water Management, 80: 23-40.

Gan, Y.T., Siddique, K.H.M., MacLeod, W.J. and Jayakumar, P. (2006). Management options for minimising the damage by ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Field Crops Research, 97: 121-134.

Glencross, B., Hawkins, W., Evans, D., Rutherford, N., Dods, K., Maas, R., McCafferty, P., Sipsas, S. (2006). Evaluation of the nutritional value of prototype lupin protein concentrates when fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 251: 66-77.

Leport, L., Turner, N.C., Davies, S.L. and Siddique, K.H.M. (2006). Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought. European Journal of Agronomy, 24: 236-246.

Mallikarjuna, N., Jadhav, D., Clarke, H., Coyne, C. and Muehlbauer, F. (2005) Induction of Androgenesis as a Consequence of Wide Crossing in Chickpea. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 12: 12-15.

Norman, H.C., Masters, D.G., Rintoul, A.J., Wilmot, M.G., Jayasena, V., Loi, A and Revell, C.K. (2005). The relative feeding value of a new pasture legume, eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum), compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56: 637-644.

Norman, H.C., Smith, F.P., Nichols, P.G.H., Si, P. and Gawley, N.W. (2006). Variation in seed softening patterns and impact of seed production environment on hardseededness in early-maturing genotypes of subterranean clover. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57:65-74.

Palta, J.A., Nandwal, A.S., Kumari, S. and Turner, N.C. (2005). Foliar nitrogen applications increase the seed yield and protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subject to terminal drought. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56: 105-112.

Regan K.L., Siddique K.H.M., Brandon N.J., Seymour M. and Loss S.P. Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to time of sowing in Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia (2006). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 46: 395-404.

Saqib, M., Jones, M.G.K., Jones, R.A.C. (2006). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ is associated with diseases of red clover and paddy melon in south-west Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 35: 283-285.

Si, P., Sweetingham, M.W., Buirchell, B.J., Bowran, D.G., Piper, T. (2006). Genotypic variation in metribuzin tolerance in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 46: 85-91.

Siddique, K.H.M., Hanbury, C.L., Sarker, A. (2006). Registration of ‘Ceora’ Grass Pea. Crop Science, 46: 986.

Turner, N.C. (2006) Preface. Agricultural Water Management, 80: 1-3.

Wang, S.F., Ridsdill-Smith, T.J. and Ghisalberti, E.L. (2005). Chemical defenses of Trifolium glanduliferum against redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 6240-6245.

Wouterlood M., Lambers H. and Veneklaas E.J (2006) Rhizosphere carboxylate concentrations of chickpea are affected by soil. Plant Biology. 8: 198-203.

Yuan, H., Yan, G., Siddique, K.H.M. and Yang, H. (2005). RAMP based fingerprinting and assessment of relationships among Australian narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus Angustifolius L.) cultivars. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56: 1339-1346.

http://www.clima.uwa.edu.au/publications



MEETINGS DIARY

Gremigni, P. (2005). Inoculazione delle leguminose. In: ‘Gestione dei pascoli e dei territory pascolivi’. ARACNE pp. 139-213.

Palta, J.A. (Ed.) (2005). Adaptation of Plants to Water-Limited Mediterranean-type Environments. Special Issue, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, CSIRO Pubblishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. pp. 275

Review Articles, Books and Book Chapters

Turner, N. C. (Ed.)(2006) . Water scarcity: Challenges and opportunities for crop science. Special Issue, Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, pp.275.

Conference Publications

Ghamkhar, K., Snowball, R. and Bennett, S.J. (2005). Improving the utilization of germplasm of Trifolium spumosum L., by the development of a core collection using ecogeographic and molecular techniques. In Humphreys, M.O. (Ed.) ‘Molecular breeding for the genetic improvement of forage crops and turf ’. Proceedings of the 4th International symposium on the molecular breeding of forage and turf, a satellite workshop of the XXth International Grassland Congress, July 2005, Aberystwyth, Wales. pp. 262.

Ghamkhar, K., Snowball, R. and Bennett, S.J. (2005). Improving the utilization of germplasm of Trifolium spumosum L., by

the development of a core collection using ecogeographic and molecular techniques. In O’Mara, F.P., Wilkins, R.J., Mannetje, L.’t. Lovett, D.K., Rogers, P.A.M. and Boland, T.M. (Eds.) ‘Grass and forage plant improvement’ XXth International Grassland Congress, June 2005, Dublin, Ireland. Wales. pp. 82.

Knights, T., Ryan, M., Thompson, J., Hobson, K., Materne, M., Khan, T., Clarke, H., Moore, K. and Wood, J. (2005). Review of Chickpea Breeding in Australia. In ‘Focus 2005 - Chickpeas in Farming Systems’. Proceedings of a national conference on chickpeas in farming systems, 21-23 September 2005, Goodiwindi, Queensland.

Technical Publications

Hanbury, C., Siddique, K., Seymour, M., Jones, R. and MacLeod B. (2005) ‘Growing Ceora grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) in Western Australia’. Department of Agriculture Western Australia Farmnote, No. 58/2005.

10

13th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference, Christchurch, New ZealandApril 18th- 21st , 2006 http://www.apbc.org.nz

International workshop on crop and forage production using saline waters in dry areas, University of Birjand, IranMay 7th - 10th, 2006 http://www.namstct.org/anniranw.htm

International Scientifi c Conference on Desertifi cation and Drylands Research, Tunis, TunisiaJune 19th – 21st, 2006 http://www.unesco.org/mab/ecosyst/futureDrylands.htm

1st International Ascochyta Workshop on Grain Legumes, Le Tronchet, FranceJuly 3rd- 6th, 2006 http://www.grainlegumes.com/default.asp?id_biblio=350

13th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference, Perth, Western AustraliaSeptember 10th-14th, 2006 http://www.agronomy.org.au

Faba Bean 2006: International workshop on faba bean breeding and agronomy, Córdoba, SpainSeptember 25-27th, 2006 [email protected] Anna María Torres

FOCUS 2006: “Pulses in the Feed Industry” October 16th - 18th, 2006 [email protected] Trevor Bray

VIIth Australasian Plant Virology Workshop, Rottnest Island, Western AustraliaNovember 9th -12th, 2006 [email protected] Mike Jones

http://www.apbc.org.nz

http://www.namstct.org/anniranw.htm

http://www.unesco.org/mab/ecosyst/futureDrylands.htm

http://www.grainlegumes.com/default.asp?id_biblio=350

http://www.agronomy.org.au






VISITORS AND TRAVEL NEWS

From 17 to 24 January 2006, Professor Kadambot Siddique and Adjunct Professor Neil Turner from UWA, Dr Tanveer Khan and Mr Alan Harris from DAFWA and Mr Geoff Smith from COGGO visited India.

Prof. Siddique and Mr Smith visited pulse buyers and the WA Trade commissioner in Mumbai while Adj. Prof. Turner met with Dr Vincent Vadez, crop physiologist, at the International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), to discuss a new project (CLIMA – ICRISAT – COGGO) being conducted at ICRISAT

INDIA: PROJECTS ASSESSED

on ‘Improvement of Salinity and Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Chickpea (CGO 4-2005).

Subsequently, Dr Khan, Prof. Siddique, Adj. Prof. Turner, Mr Harris, Dr Pooroan Gaur, Principal chickpea breeder at ICRISAT, Dr Vadez and Mr Smith attended meetings at ICRISAT at which an agreement to conduct the above project was signed by Prof. Siddique, Director of CLIMA, on behalf of the University of Western Australia, Dr Dyno Keatinge, Deputy Director General of ICRISAT, on behalf of

by Adj. Prof Neil Turner

ICRISAT, and Mr Smith, CEO of COGGO,

on behalf of COGGO.

The meeting also reviewed progress on the

new project and on the existing project

‘Accelerated Genetic Improvement of Desi

Chickpea: An International Partnership

between CLIMA, ICRISAT and COGGO’

(CGO 3-2004), and examined the trials of

both projects in the fi eld and glasshouse.

Both projects are progressing quickly and

satisfactorily, making the visit extremely

worthwhile.

VISITOR HELPS IN CHARACTERISING GERMPLASM

Dr Jesus Arellano has been working at CLIMA on a 6 months fellowship granted by the National Autonomus University of Mexico (UNAM), arriving in February and departing in August. He works on several research projects that use the genetic transformation approach to study nitrogen metabolism in legumes at the Centre of Genomic Sciences at UNAM. These include the genetic transformation of Lotus japonicus cv Gifu, with a genic construction that carries the coding region of the alfa subunit of the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of the leghemoglobine promoter of Glicine max (pLbc3Gm). This is to study the behaviour of the enzymes related with the cycle GS/GOGAT when GS is over-expressed in the nodule. He has been working over the last 4 years with indirect regeneration and genetic transformation of P. vulgaris with the aim to develop a repetitive regeneration-transformation method that permits the introduction of foreign genes into common bean via Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Dr Arellano is at CLIMA to work with the transformation group on genetic transformation of P. vulgaris, by using the successful methods that have been developed at CLIMA for genetic transformation of Lupinus and other pulse crops.

TRANSFORMING PHASEOLUS

by Dr Fucheng Shan

Distinguished scientist Dr Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton visited CLIMA from 22nd February to 1st March. Dr Sackville Hamilton is the Head of the Genetic Resources Centre at the International Rice Resources Institute (IRRI) based in the Philippines. GRDC funded his visit as part of the GRDC funded project “Lupin germplasm characterisation” (UWA 38203000). During this visit Dr Sackville Hamilton helped Dr Fucheng Shan with writing a Maximin computer program (run with the GenStat package) to establish a lupin core collection based on molecular, ecogeographical and phenological data. To characterise the Australian Lupin Collection (more than 2000 wild accessions/land races) we are aiming to select key representatives in a manageable number (core collection) for eventual evaluation for a range of agronomic traits. Dr Sackville Hamilton also met with a number of other WA legume researchers

Dr Sackville Hamilton presented a CLIMA seminar on “Strategies for allele mining within large collections”, providing valuable information on characterisation and utilisation of large germplasm collections. The potential for future collaborations in the evaluation and management of genetic resources was also discussed.



by Dr Tanveer Khan and Mr Alan HarrisACCELERATING DESI CHICKPEA IMPROVEMENT

(L to R) Dr H. S. Sekhon (Dean), Dr Tanveer Khan (DAFWA) and Dr J. S. Sandhu (Chickpea Breeder) at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

Dr Tanveer Khan and Mr Alan Harris visited ICRISAT to record observations of trials conducted under the auspices of the CLIMA – ICRISAT – COGGO accelerated chickpea improvement project (CGO 3-2004). Dr Khan and Mr Harris examined the entire range of genetic material being specially developed for WA and made selections for importation to WA. Mr Harris also learnt a number of skills including disease screening, crossing and “bargaining in local bazaars”! Leaving Mr Harris to do the hard work under hot sun at ICRISAT, Dr Khan headed to cooler climates of Northern India to visit the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, where he observed the similarity between the WA grainbelt and the Punjab State in the growing season temperatures. The chickpea breeding objectives have much in common including a need for chilling tolerant and ascochyta resistant varieties. Dr Khan was warmly welcomed

and shown a range of experiments including entomological research and chickpea breeding. He also gave a seminar on Pulse Breeding in Western Australia.

The potential for collaborative work with PAU and CLIMA on variation of ascochyta blight resistance and chilling tolerance was discussed.

CENTRAL & SOUTHERN INDIA CHICKPEA FARMING TRENDS by Mr Alan Harris

On the visit to ICRISAT in January 2006, it was noted that chickpea farming in Central and Southern India is going through a rapid shift. With the recent ICRISAT release of two short season kabuli varieties KAK2 and ICCV2, both with medium seed size characteristics and resistance to Fusarium wilt, growers in the Andhra Pradesh region are taking advantage of good kabuli prices and planting these varieties rather than the traditional desi varieties. Kabuli chickpeas are providing farmers with excellent profit opportunities as potential yields of 1 to 1.5 tones/hectare and prices double that of desi varieties are driving the current trend.

In addition to the new kabuli varieties, ICRISAT’s chickpea

breeding program is now focusing on large seeded short season kabuli varieties of seed size 55 to 60g per 100 seeds. The increasing area under kabuli production at the expense of the desi varieties could over a period of time see the gap between local production and local demand for desi type increase markedly. This in turn could lead to upward pressure on the desi prices. Increased prices for desi type and an expanding Indian market and new ascochyta resistant chickpeas could be an impetus for a recovering Western Australian chickpea industry to get back up and running to production levels higher than those prior to the arrival of ascochyta blight in 1999.

(L to R) Dr Tanveer Khan, Mr Alan Harris and Dr Pooran Gaur (ICRISAT) examining chickpea lines developed at ICRISAT, India for Western Australia.

A crop of KAK2, a high yielding kabuli chickpea variety, at Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh



CLIMA VISITORS - 2006

Name Dates Institution Main Purpose of Visit WA Contacts

Dr Ken Street December 17-January 5

ICARDA Discussions on plans for new ACIAR project in Central Asia and Caucasus. Meeting with Gene Bank manager – Georgia.

Prof. Clive Francis, UWA

Prof. Cary Fowler January 30 Global Plant Diversity Trust, Rome

To explain mechanism of conservation of genetic resources. To meet GRDC Chairman – one of the Trusts major sponsors.


Dr Jesus Arellano February -August

Centre of Genomic Research,National University of Mexico

Learn the CLIMA legume transformation method.Use this technology to establish a transformation method for Phaseolus vulgaris.

Ms Simone Chapple, Dr Susan Barker & Prof. Craig Atkins, UWA

Dr Nasser Hosseni

March - September

College of Agriculture, Karaj, Iran

Sabbatical leave: To study abiotic stress in chickpea.

Prof. Kadambot Siddique Dr Jairo Palta and Dr Jens Berger

Assoc. Prof. Marianne Sarrantonio

February 10 - 20

University of Maine, USA

Meet soil scientists and systems researchers; Present CLIMA Seminar:

Dr Debbie Thackray, UWA

Dr Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton

February 23 – March 1

International Rice Resource Institute (IRRI), The Philippines

Exchange ideas on germplasm characterisation and utilization; assistance with use of software Maximin to establish a Lupin core collection; discuss potential collaboration.

Dr Fucheng Shan, UWA

Dr Bob Redden March 2 Australian Tropical Food Crop Centre

To update CLIMA Researchers on Vavilov Institute and Central Asia Republic meetings.


Dr Maqbool Ahmad

March 30-31 SARDI, Adelaide, SA To discuss pulse genetic enhancement matters with interested parties at CLIMA, DAFWA and Murdoch

Dr Tanveer Khan, DAFWA

Ms Gulnaz Asia May- November

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faislabad, Pakistan

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) supported trainee on “ Waterlogging and salinity tolerance in grain legumes”

Prof. Kadambot Siddique and Dr Tim Colmer, UWA

Dr Ram Singh April 2 - 9 Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, USA.

Interspecifi c crossing projects – lupin and chickpea.

Dr Jon Clements, UWA

Dr Daina Simmonds

April 4-7 Agriculture and Agrifood, Canada

Discuss transformation technology and present CLIMA seminar.

Prof. Craig Atkins, UWA

Dr Magdi Abdelhamid

May- November

National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

Endeavour Research Fellow: “Effect of water stress on growth and N fi xation in faba bean”.

Prof. Kadambot Siddique, Adj. Prof. Neil Turner and Prof. Craig Atkins, UWA



NEWSLETTER CREDITS

CLIMA M080Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCRAWLEY WA 6009

DISCLAIMERWhile every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this newsletter, the Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) cannot accept any responsibility for the consequences of the use of this information. The Newsletter provides you with a brief explanation of research and other activities in progress and is a guide only.

© CLIMA 2006

Email: [email protected]: www.clima.uwa.edu.au

LAYOUTPaul Ricketts

DUIT Multimedia

[email protected]

Volume 7, Number 1 April 2006

14

EDITOR

Dr Debbie Thackray [email protected]

Contributing authors:

Mr Brendon Cant [email protected]

Mr Alan Harris [email protected]

Prof. Mike Jones [email protected]

Adj. Prof. Roger Jones [email protected]

Dr Tanveer Khan [email protected]

Mr Bill MacLeod [email protected]

Mr Alan Meldrum [email protected]

Dr Phil Nichols [email protected]

Mr Mohammad Saqib [email protected]

Dr Fucheng Shan [email protected]

Prof. Kadambot Siddique [email protected]

Mr Richard Snowball [email protected]

Dr Debbie Thackray [email protected]

Adj. Prof. Neil Turner [email protected]

ALL ABOUT FODDER LEGUMES – IN FRENCH! by Mr Richard Snowball

A CLIMA travel grant assisted CLIMA’s pasture legume sub-program PL1 leader Mr Richard Snowball (DAFWA) to attend an International Workshop on Fodder Fabaceae and their Symbionts held in Algiers between 19th and 22nd February, 2006. Although most of the presentations were in French, the meeting wasn’t too daunting as the organisers had provided a personal interpreter and also some of the presentations used English text. Participants came mostly from Algeria, Tunisia and France and there were guest speakers also from Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Sardinia and Syria. The three days of formal presentations were followed by a one day visit to the fi eld.

Dr Aissa Abdelguerfi and his wife Meriem and several of their students managed the Workshop extremely well. Richard presented a paper on “Contribution of Mediterranean germplasm to annual pasture legume improvement in Western Australia”

Richard Snowball with delegates

and other papers looked at pasture legume diversity, specifi c research activities in Trifolium, Medicago, Hedysarum and Vicia in the region, Rhizobial research, particularly in relation to genetic diversity, molecular technology and cytogenetics, and the role of pasture legumes in systems. In particular, the presentation of Dr David Crespo from Portugal was extraordinarily informative, entertaining and inspiring to anyone with an interest in how a degraded landscape can be transformed into a highly productive, natural (chemical free) and diverse pasture and grazing system. The presentation from Dr Claudio Porqueddu was

also informative particularly in terms of how Western Australian pasture research has contributed to improving pasture systems in Sardinia.

The possibilities for new collaboration between Western Australia and Algeria and Tunisia are now enhanced as a result of participation in this Workshop, as is Richard’s French!


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