Aprakash Grahas, Upagrahas & PranapadaIn Brhat Parashara Hora Shastra 3rd chapter (Santhanam Ed.), Maharishi Parashara enumerates about 5 Aprakash Grahas, 5 Upagrahas and Pranapada. These affect the life of the native at a very subtle level, since these Upagrahas do not have body of their own and behave like shadowy planets. The effects can be visible not only in the dasa of the planets associating with them, but also during the whole life of the native, which can be modified by the influences of the dasas etc. The importance of these bodies can be seen from the place where these are described. They are described in the same chapter where the Grahas (planets) are described. Thus Maharishi wanted us to check the influences of these planets as well in addition to the visible planets to delineate horoscope in details.

Important Terms and Concepts:1 day = 24 hrs = 60 Ghati1 Hr = 2.5 Ghati;1 Ghati = 60 Vighati;1 min = 2.5 Vighati

Ista Kala = Birth time Sunrise/ Sunset (Time elapsed after sunrise or sunset)Ista Ghati = Ista Kala measure in ghatiDinamana = Duration of the day = Sunset SunriseRatrimana = Duration of the night = Sunrise of next day Sunset

Sunrise Definition = Apparent rise of upper limb of Sun (as seen on a clear day)

References from Brhat Parashari Hora Shastra (chapter 3) tryahyavivabhgaica caturbhai sahito ravi |dhmo nma mahdoa sarvakarmavinaka || 61||

dhmo maalata uddho vyatpto'tra doada |saadbho'tra vyatpta pariveo'tidoakt || 62||

pariveacyutacakrdindracpastu doada |vitryasyaibhgdhyacpa ketukhago'ubha || 63||

ekariyuta ketu sryatulya prajyate |aprakagrahcaite pp doaprad smt || 64||

61-64. Aprakash Grahas. Add 4 Ris 13 degrees and 20 minutes of arc to Sryas longitude at a given moment to get the exact position of the all inauspicious Dhoom. Reduce Dhoom from 12 Ris to arrive at Vyatipat. Vyatipat is also inauspicious. Add six Ris to Vyatipat to know the position of Parivesh. He is extremely inauspicious. Deduct Parivesh from 12 Ris to arrive at the position of Chap (Indra Dhanus), who is also inauspicious. Add 16 degrees 40 minutes to Chap, which will give Ketu (UpaKetu), who is a malefic. By adding a Ri to UpaKetu, you get the original longitude of Srya. These are the Grahas, devoid of splendour, which are malefics by nature and cause affliction. sryendulagnageveu vayurjnananam |iti dhmdido sthiti padmsanodit || 65||

65. Effects of Sub-Grahas. If one of these afflicts Srya, the natives dynasty will decline, while Candr and Lagn, respectively, associated with one of these, will destroy the longevity and wisdom. So declared Lord Brahma, the Lotus-Born. ravivrdianyanta gulikdi nirpyate |divasnaadh bhaktv vred gaeyat kramt || 66||

amo'o nira sycchanyao gulikasmta |rtrimapyaadh ktv vret pacamdita || 67||

gaayedaama khao niyati parikrtita |nyao gulika prokto ravyaa klasajaka || 68||

bhaumo mtyurdio gurvao yamaghaka |somyo'rdhapraharaka svasvadeodbhava sphua || 69||

66-69. Calculations of Gulika and other upagrahas: The portions of Srya etc. up to ani denote the periods of Gulik and others. Divide the day duration (of any week day) into eight equal parts. The eighth portion is Lord-less. The seven portions are distributed to the seven Grahas commencing from the Lord of the week day, while 8th portion governed by Gulika. Similarly make the night duration into eight equal parts and distribute these, commencing from the Lord of the 5th. Here again, the eighth portion is Lord-less and represent the portion of Gulika. Sryas portion is Kaal, Mangals portion is Mrityu, Gurus portion is Yamaghantak and Budhs portion is Ardhaprahar. These durations differently apply to different places (commensurate with variable day and night durations). gulikeavallagna sphua yat svasvadeajam |gulika procyate tasmjjtakasya phala vadet || 70||

70. Gulikas Position. The degree, ascending at the time of start of Gulikas portion (as above), will be the longitude of Gulika at a given place. Based on this longitude only, Gulikas effects for a particular nativity is estimated. gulikeavallagna sphua yat svasvadeajam |gulika procyate tasmjjtakasya phala vadet || 70||

bhapdasamai praicardyarkatrikoabht |udaydiaklnta yadbha prapada hi tat || 71||

sveakla palktya tithypta bhdika ca yat |cargadvibhasasthe'rke bhanau yu navame sute || 72||

sphua prapadkhya tallagna jeya dvijottama |lagnd dvikoe turye ca rjye prapada tad || 73||

ubha janma vijnyttathaivaikdae'pi ca |anyasthne sthita cet syt tad janmubha vadet || 74||

71-74. Calculation of Pranapad: Convert the given time into Vighatis and divide the same by 15. The resultant Ri, degrees etc. be added to Srya, if he is in a Movable Ri, which will yield Pranapad. If Srya is in a Fixed Ri, add 240 degrees additionally and, if in a Dual Ri, add 120 degrees in furtherance to get Pranapad. The birth will be auspicious, if Pranapad falls in the 2nd, 5th, 9th, 4th, 10th, or 11th from the natal Lagn. In other Bhavas Pranapad indicates an inauspicious birth.