ContentsAcknowledgementsNote on spellingPrefacePART ONE Practical language teaching to 18001 The early years2 Refugiate in a strange country: the refugee language teachers in Elizabethan London3 Towards The great and common world4 Guy Midge and the second Huguenot exile5 The spread of English language teaching in Europe

PART TWO On fixing the language6 Introduction7 Two proposals for orthographical reform in the sixteenth centuryThe work of John Hart, Chester HeraldRichard Mulcaster's Elementarie

8 Early pedagogical grammars of English for foreign learnersBen Jonson's English GrammarJohn Wallis's Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae

9 Things, words, and notions10 The language fixed:Latin Schools and English SchoolsSwift's Proposal for a British AcademyTowards Standard English

PART THREE Language teaching in the nineteenth centuryOverview11 The grammar-translation methodIntroductionThe grammar-translation method and the schools: some Anglo-German contrastsThe grammar-translation method and adult language teaching: the practical approach of Ahn and Ollendorff

12 Individual reformers:OverviewAll is in all: Jean Joseph JacototThe Rational Method of Claude MarcelThomas Prendergast's Mastery SystemFrancois Gouin and the Series

13 The Reform Movement:IntroductionThe principles of reformThe Klinghardt experimentThe role of phoneticsThe work of Henry Sweet: an applied linguistic approach

14 Natural methods of language teaching from Montaigne to Berlitz

PART FOUR The making of a professionSECTION 1 Overview of English language teaching since 190015 The teaching of English as a foreign or second language since 1900: a survey:

SECTION 2 Essays in the history of English language teaching since 190016 Harold E. Palmer:17 Choosing the right words:18 Old patterns and new directions:

Epilogue:On rational and natural approaches to language teaching

A chronology of English language teachingBiographical notesAppendixBibliographyIndex