Approaches to LearningApproaches to Learning

Albert S. BrownAlbert S. Brown

EDD713EDD713

University of PhoenixUniversity of Phoenix

Grouping of Learning Grouping of Learning ApproachesApproaches

• ConstructivistConstructivist

• BehavioristBehaviorist

• HumanistHumanist

• CognitiveCognitive

• MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

ConstructivistConstructivist

• Jerome BrunerJerome Bruner

• John DeweyJohn Dewey

• Jean PiagetJean Piaget

• Lev VygotskyLev Vygotsky

Schunk, D. H. (2004)Schunk, D. H. (2004)

BehavioristBehaviorist

• GagneGagne

• SkinnerSkinner

• ThorndikeThorndike

• WatsonWatson

Schunk, D. H. (2004)Schunk, D. H. (2004)

HumanistHumanist

• MaslowMaslow

• RogersRogers

Schunk, D. H. (2004)Schunk, D. H. (2004)

CognitiveCognitive

• PiagetPiaget

• VygotskyVygotsky

Schunk, D. H. (2004)Schunk, D. H. (2004)

MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

• BloomBloom

• EriksonErikson

• GardnerGardner

• KnowlesKnowles

Schunk, D. H. (2004)Schunk, D. H. (2004)

Matrix of Learning TheoristsMatrix of Learning Theorists

Learning Theorists Learning Theory Adult LearningJohn Dewey Authentic Learning Experiences People learn from their previous experiences

Project-Type Learning Learning must be organized as a projectMalcolm Knowles Andragogy-Adult Education New theory for adult learningHoward Gardner Multiple Intelligences Used for adult learning and pedagogyErik Erikson Development Theory Humans develop throughout their lifetimesLev Vygotsky Mediated Learning - Culture Children learn from adultsCarl Rogers Whole Learning Every person is striven toward self-actualization

Experiential LearningJean Piaget 4 Levels of Cognitive Development The fourth level extends into adulthoodJerome Bruner The Discovery Learning Theory Theory is compatible for adult learnersJack Mezirow Theory of Transformative Learning Transformation through critical reflectionPaulo Friere Conscientization Adults aware of cultural reality

Comparison of TheoriesComparison of Theories

• Behaviorist – Behaviorist – – Learning is inferred from behaviorLearning is inferred from behavior– Stimulus-response shapes behaviorStimulus-response shapes behavior– Reinforcement strengthens responsesReinforcement strengthens responses

• Constructivist –Constructivist –– Inert knowledge is preventedInert knowledge is prevented– Build knowledge through generative Build knowledge through generative

activitiesactivities– Allow students to teach themselvesAllow students to teach themselves

Comparison of TheoriesComparison of Theories

• Humanism – Gives primacy to the Humanism – Gives primacy to the study of humans and human needsstudy of humans and human needs– Humans behave out of values and Humans behave out of values and

intentionsintentions• Cognitive – Discovery is the primary factor Cognitive – Discovery is the primary factor

in human learningin human learning

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003)Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003)

ReferencesReferences

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's theory of cognitive Piaget's theory of cognitive development development , 2007, from , 2007, from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html.. http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html.. Learning TheoriesAn Educational PerspectiveLearning TheoriesAn Educational Perspective. pper Saddle . pper Saddle

River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice-Hall.River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice-Hall. Schunk, D. H. (2004). Schunk, D. H. (2004). Learning TheoriesAn Educational Learning TheoriesAn Educational

PerspectivePerspective. pper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice-. pper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice-

Hall.Hall.