Approaches towards sustainability in small-scale fisheries in Indonesia
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Transcript of Approaches towards sustainability in small-scale fisheries in Indonesia
Approaches towards Sustainability in Small Scale Fisheries in Indonesia
Momo KochenMasyarakat dan Perikanan, Indonesia (MDPI)
Indonesian Fisheries: Lay of the Land- 17,508 islands
- 54,716 km coastline/ EEZ of 2.7 million km
- Fishery production: 5.8 million tons marine catch (2012)- Exported fishery commodities 3.8 billion USD- 21% of agricultural economy, 3% GDP
- Marine fleet: 620,830 vessels
- Small Scale Sector Contributes:- 80% of fish production- Employment for 7.3 million people
Reference: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/IDN/enAdhuri et al, 2015; Green Market for small people: markets and opportunities for upgrading in small scale fisheries in Indonesia
Indonesia: Lay of the land
Question?????
- Does anybody know how the governance of archipelagic states differs from normal coastal states?
- Given the lay of the land, what issues do you foresee with regards to governing fisheries resources in a country like Indonesia?
Market Demand: Driving industry to change
• Quality• Introduction of HACCP in 90’s• Introducing training to processors and fishers
• Sustainability • MSC and the FIP approach
• Social Aspects• Ensuring slavery is abolished and human rights upheld
• Traceability• Introduction throughout supply chain• Transparency in telling the story of the fish
MDPIThe vision of MDPI:
To be a genuine and respected implementer of socially and sustainably geared programs to benefit the fishing communities and fisheries of Indonesia
The mission of MDPI: We aim to empower the wider small scale fishing communities to achieve standards and objectives on environmental sustainability, social compliance and economic viability through science. We implement this on the ground together with our partners and other stakeholders .
So what does MDPI really do?
• Supporting Industry to meet their market requirements
• Supporting industry to do the right thing
• Translating the market demand to Indonesian supply chain actors
• Translating the situation in Indonesia to the market and trying to define realistic expectations
What we really want is………Happy People and Many Fish!!
In practice……..
1. Quality• Quality improvement workshops with fishermen• Donation of ice-boxes
2. Sustainability• Fisheries Improvement Implementation• I-Fish
3. Social Compliance and community development• Implementing the FT standard• Using the FT approach
4. Traceability• IFITT project• MfIsh and PVR
Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement Project (FIP)
“A FIP is an alliance of stakeholders - retailers, processors, producers, and/or catchers – that comes together to resolve problems within a specific fishery or improve some specific aspect of the fishery that requires attention. The FIP works through key organizations and individuals, talking through the management of the fishery and the challenges that it may face, identifying data that needs to be collected, agreeing on a set of priority actions that should be undertaken to improve the fishery, and then overseeing an action plan”
- Based on the MSC structure
MDPIVision & Mission
I-Fish Tools
Fisheries Improvement
Port sampling
ETP Sampling
Co-ManagementDMCs
Sustainability: Fisheries Improvement Projects
MDPI: Supporting Industry to get involved in a small but effective
way to make change
Data Collection
Documenting ETP interaction and creating awareness
Involvement in co-management
MDPI Support throughout
I-Fish is…….
“ a cutting edge data platform, robust fishery monitoring protocols and clearly defined mechanisms for collaboration between stakeholders”
I-Fish provides a way for fishery stakeholders to work together to enrich fisheries data and management.
I-Fish is a route for Industry to become involved in fisheries sustainability and to become involved in ‘real change on the ground’
I-Fish as a Collaboration Platform I-FISH provides a framework for
fisheries stakeholders to work together to enhance fisheries data and sustainable management.
Through I-FISH Data Management Committees, stakeholders work together to collect and analyze data, and make management recommendations based on that data.
Institutionalized through a provincial decree
All members should be stakeholders to the fishery
1. Core Members:
a) Regulator : Marine and fishery Agencies in Province and Regency
b) Fisheries Business Actors : Fisherman, Supplier, Industry, buyers
c) Researchers : P4KSI, University
2. Ad-hocAdvisors : Expert
3. Additional members : Environmental NGO’s
Members of the Committee
I-Fish: as a data Platform
Social Aspects
Calipers vs Social Programs!
The human factor:-7.87 million fishers are living below the poverty line in Indonesia
Recent revelations about huge issues on human rights in supply chains:-Slavery
The Fair Trade approach in action
MDPI is implementing the 1st pilot project of FT wild caught fishery products in the world.
North Buru Island
Asilulu, West Ambon Island
Fair trade: How does it work?
The communities (with support from MDPI) need to:-Ensure socially compliance against the standard-Environmental compliance against the standard
Improvement for the community:-Infrastructure-Environmental-Education-Improving lives
Fresh on the shelves!
In Summary:
I-Fish / fisheries related programs
- Data collection
- ETP and ecosystem protection
- Co-Management
Fair trade / community approach
- Sustainability related Awareness Program
- Infrastructure Improvement
- Capacity Building
- Distribution of safety equipment
Break Time!Any questions or
comments?
www.mdpi.or.id
Traceability: Telling the story…….
MDPI partners, industry and entire supply chains are willing to do the work but how can we make sure that they get the recognition they deserve for the effort they are putting in?
Improving Fisheries Information and Traceability for Tuna
(IFITT)
Why do we need traceability?
Informational demands: Limit and target reference points, by-catch, food safety, IUU, provenance, benefit allocation and conservation burden, employment and food security
???
?
ChallengesVarying levels of availability,
transparency and literacyIndonesia/ information poor ... fish rich?Private sector starting to face barriers to
export markets (market demand is increasing)
Traceability within the chain…..due to IFITT
Vessel
Vessel
Supplier
Processor
Distributer
Retailer
Restaurant
Consumer
I-fish ThisFish
IFITT
Compiled information for many and varied stakeholders:Fishermen, suppliers, processors, distributers, retailers, consumers, government, fisheries managers, academia etc
Code
A 590054
Policy in Indonesia to date
• Extensive and elaborate laws• Decentralized government has handed governance of fisheries
management to districts and municipalities• 11 fisheries management areas• Stakeholder forums
• Largely Autonomous Directorate Generals (9)• Little or no integration• Lack of shared vision
• Too Strong a focus on economic development vs. sustainable development
• Little enforcement of laws
Reference: MSI, 2009. Enhancing Government Effectiveness in Indonesia USAID, 2013: Final Report on Indonesian Fisheries Policy R.Banks, 2013: Indonesian Tuna FIP review
Policy in Indonesia: enter Ibu Susi
6 new laws within 4 months of coming into power:
1.Prohibition of trawls and seine nets in *all* of Indonesia's fishery management areas (WPPs).
2.Prohibits fishing in breeding grounds and spawning grounds in the Banda Sea
3.Temporary suspension of fishing licenses issuance
Policy Continued
4. Prohibition of the export (but not necessarily capture) of oceanic whitetip shark and hammerhead sharks from Indonesia.
5. Outlaw of the capture of pregnant ("berried", or egg-carrying) lobster crab and blue swimming crab. It also puts into effect a minimum legal sizes
6. Prohibition on transhipment at sea
Proposed: Closing of the 4 nm zone to commercial fishing.
Anova/ Fishing & Living’s vision in 2011
IndonesianGovernment
RFMO 1
RFMO 2
Industry Data
MS
C C
ertification
Sto
ck Assessm
ent
What should the Vision be now in 2015
Value chains
Fair Trade
Seafood Fraud
Illegal Fishing
RFMOs
Social Standards
Enforcement
Regulations
FIPs
Marine Stewardship
Council
Traceability Consumers
Archipelagic state
Environmental/ Environmental/ Social NGOSocial NGO
Industry
Markets
Thank You and Well done!
Any questions or comments?
www.mdpi.or.id