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APPRENTICESHIP is a system of work-based learning that fulfills the needs of industry bypreparing workers for skilled trades by combiningon-the-job learning with classroom instruction. Wisconsinhas a long and proud tradition of apprenticeship training.With the cooperation of industry, labor, governmentand education, apprenticeship programs assist in thedevelopment of a highly skilled workforce capable ofmeeting industry needs and helping employees maintaina high standard of living.

Industry today demands highly skilled, highly trainedworkers more than ever due to technological advancesand global competition. Increasingly, we read and hearabout employers who are unable to find skilled workersin a variety of trades that require highly technicaltraining. Apprenticeship is one of the best solutionsto this problem.

FULFILLING THE NEEDS OF INDUSTRY

Fulfilling the Needs of Industry

Table of Contents

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A Guide to Apprenticeship In Wisconsin

The apprenticeship method of training—with a skilledworker passing on craft knowledge to another—isalmost as old as recorded history.Since the Middle Ages, skills have been passed onthrough a master-apprentice system in which theapprentice was indentured to the master for a specifiedperiod of years. The apprentice usually receivedfood, clothing and shelter in return for the work theapprentice performed.Apprenticeship in the United States continued asan unregulated system until 1911, when Wisconsinpassed the country’s first apprenticeship law. Withsafeguards for both the apprentice and the employer,Wisconsin’s law became a model for other states andfor the federal government in developing their ownsystems. In 1911, the Wisconsin Legislature establishedthe state’s vocational school system (now recognized asthe Wisconsin Technical College System) to provide therelated classroom instruction to apprentices.

Apprenticeship is a training strategy that combinessupervised, structured on-the-job learning with relatedinstruction and is sponsored by employers, employerassociations or labor/management groups that have theability to hire and train in a working environment. Theemployment opportunity is the most basic requirementfor any apprenticeship. Without the job there is no“on-the-job learning” and such training represents 90%of the program.The related instruction is theoretical and technical,and is usually provided by the Wisconsin TechnicalCollege System. Related instruction is a key part ofeach apprenticeship and is required by the Wisconsinapprenticeship law. If the apprenticeship is for twoyears or less, then the related instruction is at least 144hours per year. If the apprenticeship is for more thantwo years, then the school provision must be for no lessthan 400 hours during the term of the apprenticeship.

www.wisconsinapprenticeship.org


Wisconsin is unique among the 50 states in requiringthat employers pay apprentices for both timeworked and time spent in the required classroominstruction, recognizing the importance of bothaspects of apprenticeship training. The employer isobligated to pay the apprentice’s hourly wage whileattending related instruction.The requirements of apprenticeship training aredescribed in federal and state laws and regulations.The National Apprenticeship Act of 1937 (alsoknown as the Fitzgerald Act) provides the guidancefrom the federal level. Chapter 106 of WisconsinStatutes provides additional state requirements.These laws and regulations establish minimumrequirements for protecting the welfare of theapprentice; i.e., the length of training, the typeand amount of related instruction, supervision ofthe apprentice, appropriate ratios of apprenticesto journey workers, apprentice selection andrecruitment procedures, etc. Each individual tradehas specified requirements and standards.Wisconsin law also requires a written contractbetween the apprentice, the sponsor and the Stateof Wisconsin. The contract specifies the length ofthe training, an outline of the skills of the trade tobe learned, the number of classroom hours requiredand the wage schedule outlining the wages theapprentice will receive.

skilled trade while earning a good wage and havea sense of job security.

a career that would otherwise be closed to anindividual due to lack of experience.

a lifetime skill and a comprehensive knowledge ofthe trade.

for the individual since graduate apprentices areoften promoted to supervisory positions.

one employer to another and generally from onearea of the country to another.

measurable results.

up-to-date workers.

of highly skilled workers from which futuremanagers may be selected.

upward mobility.

recruitment method for graduates of theWisconsin Technical College System.

apprenticeship program are minimal.

recognition.www.wisconsinapprenticeship.org


It is possible to use GI Educational Benefits forapprenticeship training. Veterans, National Guardsand Reservists and the children and spouse of aservice-connected 100% permanently disabled ordeceased veteran may qualify for a monthly benefitcheck from the Department of Veterans Affairs.Go to www.gibill.va.gov for additional informationon veteran benefits.

The apprentice is paid a wage while training withthe sponsoring employer. Wisconsin law requires aprogressive schedule for wage increases during theterm of the contract. The apprentice’s wage is guidedby the skilled wage rate paid in the same trade.

A variety of industries offer apprenticeshipprograms. Apprenticeship is organized into threeemployment sectors: construction, industrial(manufacturing) and service. Each trade has its ownprogram requirements and selection procedures.

Approximately half of the active apprentices inWisconsin work in the construction trades. Thisincludes the people who build, repair and remodelhomes, commercial and industrial buildings,bridges, highways, airports and other structures.

Apprenticeable occupations in the industrial sector areusually offered in plants, factories and machine shops.There are many types of industries that utilize apprentice-ship training including paper mills, commercial dairies,food production facilities, tool and die shops and awide range of production manufacturers.

Employment in the service sector generally involvesattending to the needs or requests of people. Servicetrade apprenticeships include utility workers (electricline worker), personal service workers (barber/cosmetologist and cook/chef) and public safetytrades (firefighter and correctional officer andnuclear auxiliary operators).

Minimum requirements for entry into an apprenticeshipvary by occupational and geographical areas andare determined by the Department of WorkforceDevelopment, Bureau of Apprenticeship Standardswith assistance from the industry. The Bureau jointlyreviews classroom training with the WisconsinTechnical College System. The Bureau also works closelywith state and local apprenticeship advisory committees forall major trade groups and with labor unions, employ-ers and employer associations to uphold the quality ofthe Wisconsin apprenticeship system.

The application process for construction trades variesdepending on the trade and the area of the state.

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Construction trade apprenticeships are sponsored by local tradecommittees comprised of skilled workers and employers who areadvisory to the Bureau of Apprenticeship Standards. Committeemembers recommend approval of qualified applicants to the Bureau.Each committee develops its own policies and practices, with approvalfrom the Bureau of Apprenticeship Standards, for operating itsapprenticeship program and for selecting apprentices.Applications are taken by each local committee. Under BAS oversight,each committee will determine the selection items required for theselection process. These may include:

Once all application materials are on file and the applicant is deemedto be qualified, the committee will notify the applicant as to the nextstep in the procedure.The construction trades use two methods for the actual placement ofapprentices in jobs: the rank order list and the letter of introduction.In the rank order list method, the committee creates a list of candidatesin order of their cumulative scores on written and oral examinations.An employer seeking an apprentice will make a request to theappropriate apprenticeship committee. The committee will contact thenext person on the list and ask him/her to report for acceptance into theapprenticeship program and to sign the contract.In the letter of introduction method, applicants who meet the basicrequirements are given a letter from the sponsoring committee statingthey are eligible to be hired as apprentices. They must then find anemployer to sponsor their apprenticeship. Frequently the committeewill provide a list of participating employers.To obtain a list of local construction trade committees contact thelocal Bureau of Apprenticeship Standards representative. Contactinformation is available at www.wisconsinapprenticeship.org and atthe back of this book.

Applying for apprenticeship in the industrial andservice sectors involves applying directly to thecompany that operates an apprenticeship program.Although the Bureau of Apprenticeship Standardshas set minimum entry requirements for each indi-vidual trade, eligibility requirements will vary fromemployer to employer and trade to trade. Mostemployers require a high school diploma orequivalent, math and reading skills.Some employers test individuals to determineaptitude and trade knowledge. Some of the largercompanies and those companies that have collectivebargaining agreements often limit apprenticeshipopportunities to people who are currently in theiremployment. This may mean that an individualinterested in becoming an apprentice will have totake another position with the company while waitingfor the opportunity to serve in an apprenticeship.Some companies may list apprenticeship opportunitieswith their local technical college, in local newspaperclassified ads, or through Job Center of Wisconsinwww.jobcenterofwisconsin.com online.

Apprenticeship opportunities are available to allqualified persons, and the Bureau of ApprenticeshipStandards is committed to assisting employersand local committees in meeting their affirmativeaction goals. The Bureau has adopted the followingEqual Employment Opportunity pledge thatall apprenticeship sponsors also support: Therecruitment, selection, employment and trainingof apprentices during their apprenticeship shallbe without discrimination because of race, color,religion, national origin, sex, age, creed, handicap,marital status, ancestry, sexual orientation, arrestrecord, conviction record, or membership in themilitary forces of the United States or this State.

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Preparing for apprenticeship includes both physical and mentalreadiness. Many of the skilled trades require physical strengthand endurance. Regular exercise and training will help prepareindividuals who wish to enter a trade with strenuous physicalrequirements. Persons with disabilities may take advantage ofapprenticeship opportunities provided the individual is able toadequately and safely perform job-related duties with or withoutreasonable accommodations.Academic requirements and background will vary from trade totrade. Most trades require that applicants are high school graduates orthe equivalent. Many of the trades require a strong math backgroundand some require classes such as Algebra and Geometry. Applicantswho did not take a required class in high school may still havethe opportunity to take the classes necessary at the local technicalcollege, training center, community-based organization, library ora Wisconsin Job Center. Some employers require that apprenticeshave some technical training (such as a technical college degree orcertificate) before entering an apprenticeship program.Written tests are often part of the application process forapprenticeship. Tests may include some or all of the followingsubject areas: math, reading, science, spatial ability, manualdexterity and other areas that may be important to the individualserving an apprenticeship. Persons who need help to prepare fora test may find assistance at the local technical college or publiclibrary. High school students may work with their guidancecounselor or individual instructors to prepare for testing.If you are interested in pursuing an apprenticeship and fail to meetthe required educational requirements, contact one of the Bureau ofApprenticeship Standards Apprenticeship Training Representativeslisted in the back of this publication. They will refer you to anorganization that will assist you in acquiring the necessary skills.

There are currently hundreds of occupations definedas apprenticeable by the Bureau of ApprenticeshipStandards, with new titles being added as the needarises. Occupations approved in the State ofWisconsin must also appear on an approved list bythe U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau ofApprenticeship and Training or be submitted to thefederal Bureau for approval. In order for an occupationto be approved by the Bureau of ApprenticeshipStandards as apprenticeable, an occupation mustmeet the following criteria:

on-the-job learning

Employer involvement is essential to have an activeand succesful apprenticeship program. The followingis a list of the more common trades currently operatingin Wisconsin. Not all trades are available in all areas.

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The next section of this guide provides an over-view of these trades. Additional informationabout working conditions, pay scales, job outlook,etc. may be obtained by visiting your local libraryor searching the internet. There are many referencebooks and publications that give information oncareers.A popular reference book is the OccupationalOutlook Handbook distributed by the U.S.Department of Labor. Information can also beobtained through the Internet at

For more information on apprenticeships inWisconsin, please contact your area Bureauof Apprenticeship Standards ApprenticeshipTraining Representative listed in the back of thisbooklet, or call the Bureau’s Administrative officeat

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Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Bricklayers build walls and structures using bricks,concrete blocks, and mortar. The work variesin complexity, from laying a simple masonrywalkway to installing an ornate exterior on a high-rise building. Trade tasks include laying, pointing,cleaning, water-proofing and cutting of brick walls;fireproofing; construction of arches; setting ofstone trimmings; cutting, laying and pointing ofashlar, rubble, etc; laying of artificial stone, glassblocks, terra cotta and insulation; cutting, layingand pointing of cement blocks and glazed tiles; anderection of precast panels.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&The outdoor work requires prolonged standing,kneeling, squatting, bending and lifting heavymaterials weighing 60-65 lbs on a daily basis. Thesephysical requirements must be considered becausethey are a constant factor in performing daily work.

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Classroom training includes blueprint reading,mathematics, layout work and sketching.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of age withparental/guardian consent.High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMay have to take and pass a drug test prior toemployment

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Carpenters construct, erect, install or repair structures and fixturesmade of wood; concrete forms; building frameworks includingpartitions, joists, studding and rafters; wood stairways, window anddoor frames; and hardwood floors using carpentry hand and powertools. They build wood framing for houses, roofs, stairs, decks andsheaths, and forms for concrete and frame buildings, walls, footings,columns and stairs. The trade also involves carpentry work to installcabinets, siding, drywall and insulation. Carpenters install doors,windows, store fronts and hand rails, building cabinets and countertops and may work on drywall, wood flooring, metal jambs andceilings. They are skilled in interior and exterior finish work and areable to read blueprints, measure accurately and calculatedimensions.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Carpenters may work indoors and outdoors in various weatherconditions requiring prolonged standing, climbing, kneeling,squatting and lifting heavy carpentry materials. Working conditionsvary with each job and may include working on ladders andscaffolding. Carpenters are occasionally exposed to fumes and dust.Ongoing safety training is provided to avoid job site accidents.Extensive traveling may be required.

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Apprentices receive classroom instruction in safety, first aid, blue-print reading, freehand sketching, basic mathematics and differentcarpentry techniques.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of ageHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportation


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=The primary work of the cement mason is finishing the exposedconcrete surfaces on many types of construction projects. These proj-ects range from small jobs such as finishing patios, floors and side-walks to work on huge dams, miles of concrete highways,foundations, walls of large buildings and airport runways. The cementmason levels, smoothes and shapes surfaces of freshly pouredconcrete. Although they are involved in home building and basementand driveway work, the bulk of their work is commercial andindustrial building. They also set forms for sidewalks and waterproofconcrete walls.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Since most of the work is done outdoors, working conditions may bedetermined by the weather. The work is active and strenuous withmost of the work done on the ground or the floor level.

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Class work consists of studying the working characteristics of variouscement and concrete mixes.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of ageHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMay have to take and pass a drug test prior to employment

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Construction craft laborers perform a wide range of non-specialtrade construction work. Laborers are employed in all areas ofconstruction including commercial and residential new building;highway, bridge, tunnel, and shaft construction; large industrialand environmental restoration projects; and various restorationand demolition jobs. In highway and road construction, laborerswork to clear and prepare sites for construction; help to check sitepreparations against blueprint specifications regarding locationsand grades; complete finish work after the paving material hasbeen spread; and perform necessary site clean-up of debris andwaste materials. Construction craft laborers do demolition work onexisting buildings and structures and perform environmentalclean-up on job sites containing hazardous waste, asbestos, lead-based paint and low-level radiation.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Most laborers perform physically demanding work. They maylift and carry heavy objects, and stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl inawkward positions. Some work at great heights, or outdoors in allweather conditions. Some jobs may expose workers to hazardousmaterials or chemicals, fumes, odors, loud noise or dangerousmachinery. Laborers wear appropriate safety clothing includinggloves, hard hats, protective chemical suits and devices to protecttheir eyes, respiratory system and hearing.

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Meet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Reading, writing, comprehension and communication skillsPhysically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportation


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Electricians install, connect, test, and maintain electrical systemsfor a variety of purposes, including climate control, security andcommunications. Electricians use a variety of electrical equipment andapply appropriate techniques; plan wiring installation from blueprints;properly locate boxes and outlets; and test continuity of electrical circuitsto ensure compatibility and safety of components following nationalelectrical code and complying with state and local building codes. Inaddition to wiring a building’s electrical system, electricians may installcoaxial or fiber optic cable for computers and other telecommunicationsequipment.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Electrical work can be indoors or outdoors. The work is sometimesphysically strenuous requiring prolonged standing in cramped oruncomfortable positions. Electricians may work in dusty, dirty, hot andwet conditions, or in confined areas, ditches or other uncomfortableplaces. The working environment varies with each job and may includeworking on ladders and scaffolding. Electricians follow strict safetyprocedures to prevent injuries from electrical shock, falls and cuts.

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In the classroom, apprentices learn blueprint reading, electrical theory,electronics, mathematics, electrical code requirements, and safety andfirst aid practices.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of ageHigh school diploma or equivalentAlgebra with a passing grade “C” or higher or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportation

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems consist of manymechanical, electrical, and electronic components, including motors,compressors, pumps, fans, ducts, pipes, thermostats and switches.In central heating systems, a furnace heats air that is distributedthroughout the building by a system of metal or fiberglass ducts.Technicians must be able to maintain, diagnose and correct problemsthroughout the entire system. They may adjust system controls torecommended settings and test the performance of the entire systemusing special tools and test equipment. The work involves installingductwork and installing and wiring environmental control systems.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Work is performed both indoors and outdoors in work spacesranging from outside on scaffolding to crawl spaces inside walls.Work requires physical stamina with considerable bending, lifting,carrying, pushing and pulling.

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Courses include blueprint reading, mathematics, electrical coderequirements, and safety and first aid practices.



Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Glaziers are responsible for selecting, cutting, installing, replacingand removing all types of glass. Residential glazing work involvesreplacing glass in home windows; installing glass mirrors, showerdoors and bathtub enclosures; and fitting glass for table tops anddisplay cases. On commercial interior projects, glaziers install itemssuch as heavy, often etched, decorative room dividers or securitywindows. Glazing projects also may involve replacement of store-front windows for supermarkets, auto dealerships or banks. In theconstruction of large commercial buildings, glaziers build metal frame-work extrusions and install glass panels or curtain walls.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Glaziers often work outdoors, sometimes in inclement weather. Attimes, they work on scaffolds at great heights. They do a consider-able amount of bending, kneeling, lifting and standing.

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Courses include basic mathematics, blueprint reading and sketching,general construction techniques, safety practices and first aid.


��? ;�&��$*�$�=Properly insulated buildings reduce energy consumption by keepingheat in during the winter and out in the summer. Refrigeratedstorage rooms, vats, tanks, vessels, boilers, and steam and hot waterpipes also are insulated to prevent the wasteful transfer of heat.Insulation workers install this insulating material. Insulation workerscement, staple, wire, tape or spray insulation. They insulate hot andcold piping, refrigerant lines, duct work, boilers, tanks, large powerplants, brine lines and cooler rooms.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Insulation workers generally work indoors. They spend most ofthe workday on their feet, either standing, bending or kneeling.Sometimes, they work from ladders or in tight spaces. The workis not strenuous and requires more coordination than strength.Insulation work is often dusty and dirty. The minute particlesfrom insulation materials, especially when blown, can irritatethe eyes, skin and respiratory system. Removing cancer-causingasbestos insulation is a hazardous task and is done by speciallytrained workers. To protect themselves from the dangers ofasbestos and irritants, workers follow strict safety guidelines, takedecontamination showers, keep work areas well ventilated and wearprotective suits, masks and respirators.

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Class work includes blueprint reading, safety, and the study of heatand sound conduction.

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High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeMay have to take and pass a drug test prior to employment


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=The work includes the fabrication, production, erection andconstruction of iron, steel, ornamental lead, bronze, etc. in theerection of industrial, commercial or large residential buildings.They erect the steel framework of bridges, buildings and otherstructures including metal storage tanks and overhead cranerunways that support heavy equipment. Ironworkers are frequentlyrequired to lift and carry heavy load or rebar. They also set steelbars or steel mesh in concrete forms to strengthen concrete inbuildings and bridges.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&With the exception of some ornamental ironwork, remodeling andrepair work, and the occasions where temporary shelters can beset up, most of the work is done outdoors. Most ironwork can becarried on year round except in instances of very severe weather.Ironworkers frequently work at great heights. The work is physi-cally demanding and may involve extensive travel.

��$=$=93 to 4 year training program6,000 hours on-the-job learning400 hours paid related instruction hoursAdditional related instruction may be required

Studies include blueprint reading; mathematics for layout work; thebasics of structural erecting, rigging, reinforcing, welding, and burn-ing; ornamental erection; and assembling.

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High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationRequired to take and pass a drug test at time of placement

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Operating engineers operate and maintain engine-powered machineryand heavy equipment used in the construction industry (i.e.,bulldozers, compressors, pumps, hoists, derricks, cranes, shovels,tractors, scrapers and motor graders). Operators move levers or footpedals, operate switches or turn dials to control heavy equipmentand attachments (i.e., blades, buckets, scrapers and swing booms).The heavy equipment is used to construct highways, dams, roads,buildings, and various other projects; and to excavate, move and gradeearth, erect structural and reinforcing steel, and pour concrete or otherhard surface paving materials.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Operating engineers frequently work outdoors in adverse weatherconditions. The bulldozer and scraper equipment is noisy and shake/jolt the operator. Safety features on heavy equipment include overheadguards on forklift trucks, and roll bars on construction machinery.To avoid personal injury and equipment damage while operatingheavy equipment, operators are trained in safety precautions andpractices to avoid rollovers, collisions and other accidents. Work isphysically demanding with extensive travel for statewide employmentopportunities requiring lodging away from residence for extendedperiods of time.

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Apprentices learn skills and competency on three major machines.

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High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationCommercial driver’s license (CDL) may be required


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Painters apply paint, stain, varnish and other finishes to buildings and otherstructures. They select the right paint or finish for the surface to be covered,taking into account durability, ease of handling, method of application andcustomers’ wishes. Painters first prepare the surfaces to be covered, so thatthe paint will adhere properly. This may require removing the old coat ofpaint by stripping, sanding, wire brushing, burning, or water and abrasiveblasting. Painters also wash walls and trim to remove dirt and grease, fillnail holes and cracks, sandpaper rough spots and brush off dust. On newsurfaces, they apply a primer or sealer to prepare the surface for the finishcoat. Painters also mix paints and match colors, relying on knowledge ofpaint composition and color harmony. They also cover walls and ceilingswith decorative wall coverings made of paper, vinyl or fabric.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Painters and paperhangers stand for prolonged periods. Their jobs alsorequire a considerable amount of climbing, bending, kneeling, crouching,crawling and reaching with arms raised overhead. Painters often workoutdoors but seldom in wet, cold or inclement weather. Painters wearmasks to reduce exposure to hazardous materials or paint fumes whenworking in areas with poor ventilation.

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Training includes instruction in color harmony, use and care of tools andequipment, surface preparation, application techniques, paint mixing andmatching, characteristics of different finishes, blueprint reading, woodfinishing and safety.

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High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeAbility to distinguish colorsValid driver’s license or reliable transportation

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Plasterers apply plaster to interior walls and ceilings to form fire-resistant and relatively soundproof surfaces. They also apply plasterveneer over drywall to create smooth or textured abrasion-resistantfinishes. In addition, plasterers install prefabricated exterior insulationsystems over existing walls – for good insulation and interestingarchitectural effects – and cast ornamental designs in plaster.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Most plastering jobs are indoors. Plasterers work outside onscaffolding when applying stucco or exterior wall insulation anddecorative finish systems. Plastering is physically demandingrequiring considerable standing, bending, lifting and reachingoverhead. The work can be dusty and dirty, and plaster materials mayirritate the skin and eyes.

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Subjects include drafting, blueprint reading and mathematics forlayout work.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of agewith parental/guardian consentHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMay have to take and pass a drug test prior to employment


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Plumbers install, repair and maintain the water supply, waste watertreatment, drainage and gas systems in homes, commercial andindustrial buildings. The work includes plumbing tasks to assemble,install and repair pipes, fittings, and fixtures of heating, water anddrainage systems according to specifications and plumbing codes.Plumbers also install sanitary facilities such as lavatories, toilets, tubs,bathroom fixtures, showers, kitchen fixtures, drinking fountains andlaundry equipment.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Plumbing work can be indoors or outdoors in existing andnewly constructed buildings, in various weather conditions andaround noise, dirt and mud. The work requires physical strengthand stamina with prolonged standing, lifting heavy pipes andequipment and working in cramped, awkward or uncomfortablepositions. Training in safety practices prevents the risk of dangerswith falls from ladders, cuts from sharp tools and burns from hotpipes or soldering equipment.

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Topics include plumbing code, repair and service, materials,installation of fixtures and appliances, system design, trade math,safety, science, blueprint reading and isometric drawing.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&High school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform trade workValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMay have to take and pass a drug test prior to employment

��? ;�&��$*�$�=A leaky roof can damage ceilings, walls, and furnishings. To protectbuildings and their contents from water damage, roofers repair andinstall roofs made of tar or asphalt and gravel; rubber or thermoplastic;metal; or shingles made of asphalt, slate, fiberglass, wood, tile, orother material. Repair and reroofing – replacing old roofs on existingbuildings – provide many job opportunities for these workers. Roofersalso may waterproof foundation walls and floors.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Roofing work is strenuous. It involves heavy lifting, as well asclimbing, bending, and kneeling. Roofers work outdoors in all typesof weather, particularly when making repairs. These workers risk slipsor falls from scaffolds, ladders, or roofs, or burns from hot bitumen. Inaddition, roofs become extremely hot during the summer.

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Subjects include tools and their use, arithmetic and safety.

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High school diploma or equivalent is preferred within first six months,or three years work experience in tradePhysically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportationCommercial driver’s license may be required


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Sheet metal workers make, install, and maintain air-conditioning,heating, ventilation, and pollution control duct systems; roofs;siding; rain gutters; downspouts; skylights; restaurant equipment;outdoor signs; and many other products made with metal sheets.They also may work with fiberglass and plastic materials. Althoughsome workers specialize in fabrication, installation, or maintenance,most do all three jobs.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Sheet metal workers who fabricate sheet metal products work inshops that are well-lighted and well-ventilated. However, theystand for long periods and lift heavy materials and finished pieces.Those performing installation work do considerable bending, lifting,standing, climbing, and squatting, sometimes in close quarters or inawkward positions. Although duct systems and kitchen equipmentare installed indoors, the installation of siding, roofs, and guttersinvolves much outdoor work, requiring sheet metal workers to workin various kinds of weather.

��$=$=9

Classes include drafting, plan and specification reading,trigonometry and geometry applicable to layout work, the use ofcomputerized equipment, welding, and the principles of heating,air-conditioning and ventilating systems.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of ageHigh school diploma or equivalentPhysically able to perform tradeMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Valid driver’s license or reliable transportation

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Licensed sprinklerfitters install automatic fire sprinkler systemsin new and existing buildings in all types of construction, mostlycommercial, using valves, hangers, steel and plastic pipe. Most work isat the ceiling level using ladders and lift platforms at heights ranging

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&The work is performed at varying degrees of height indoors betweenthe roofs and ceilings of buildings or outside installing undergroundpipe work in a variety of weather conditions. Work requires physicalstamina with considerable climbing, bending and carrying heavypieces of pipe while working in elements ranging from hot boilerrooms to unheated open buildings. Apprentices receive safety trainingto improve manual dexterity in handling the tools of the trade withoutinjury and to reduce the risk of injuries from falls. Traveling isrequired to various job sites.

��$=$=9

Class work focuses on state sprinklerfitter and plumbing codes.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicants must be at least 17 years of ageHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform trade workValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMay have to take and pass a drug test prior to employment


Construction Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Steamfitters assemble, install, alter and repair pipelines or pipesystems that carry water, steam, compressed air, liquids and gasesrequired for processing, manufacturing, heating and cooling.They install piping and tubing made of carbon steel, copper,plastic, glass or other metals using a variety of processes includingbrazing, welding, screwing, gluing, bending and mechanical joints.Work includes installation of heating and cooling equipment andmechanical control systems.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Steamfitters work in industrial plants, chemical plants, refineries,power plants, waste water treatment plants, hospitals and mostother commercial, industrial, institutional and residential buildings.The indoor or outdoor work requires strenuous physical staminawith walking, standing, climbing, lifting and working in crampedspaces or in high areas. Steamfitters work in buildings, trenches,roofs, from scaffolding, on ladders and inside tanks. Safety trainingreduces hazards from exposure to chemicals, gases, fumes, loudnoise and falls from ladders and scaffolds.

��$=$=9

7,500 hours on-the-job learning

Classroom subjects include drafting and blueprint reading,mathematics, applied physics and chemistry, and safety.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Applicant’s age shall be as stated in the state employment lawsHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform trade workValid driver’s license or reliable transportation

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Teledata communications technicians design, integrate, install andprovide field maintenance and service on products that transportvoice, video, audio and data signals in commercial or residentialpremises; capture and display signals; and use signals to contactelectrical apparatus. They work for a variety of companies includingalarm, security or home automation companies; data cablingcompanies; home theater designers; sound and communicationcontractors; systems integrators telecommunications or electricalcontractors with data communications divisions.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Teledata work can be indoors or outdoors with less exposure toinclement weather. The strenuous work requires standing for extendedperiods in cramped or uncomfortable positions. Safety procedures arestrictly enforced while working with high voltage or in high placesand have greatly reduced and prevented electrical injuries fromelectrical shock, falls and cuts.

��$=$=9

Courses may include blueprint reading, fire safety, relay logic,computer skills, electronics, instrumentation, electric code, networking,data communications and safety.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&

High school diploma or equivalentAlgebra with a passing grade “C” or higher or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeValid driver’s license or reliable transportation


Industrial Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Substation electricians install, maintain and repairelectrical equipment (transformers, breakers,reclosers, etc.) in electrical substations. Theytroubleshoot problems or outages that occur at asubstation. They build substations and componentsfor substations and install electric cables insubstations. They also operate such substations.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Substation electricians must lift or work in stoopedand cramped positions. They usually work outdoors

Most usually work a 40-hour week, but when severeweather damages a substation, they may work longand irregular hours to restore service.

��$=$=9

Classroom instruction is offered one day every otherweek. It focuses on the technical aspects of the tradein a classroom setting.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&High school diploma or equivalentValid driver’s license or reliable transportationMost employers test applicants for basic verbal,arithmetic and abstract reasoning skillsSome employers test for physical ability such asbalance, coordination, strength and mechanicalaptitudeApplicants apply directly to the electrical utility

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Industrial maintenance electricians maintain and repair manydifferent types of electrical equipment. They may also modify orinstall electrical equipment like motors, transformers, generators,machine controls and lighting systems in industrial, commercialand public establishments. The electrician is responsible for theperiodic inspection of equipment to locate and repair defects beforebreakdowns occur.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Electricians must be able to stand for long periods of time andwork in cramped or uncomfortable positions. They are employed inmanufacturing plants and use protective equipment to avoid commonhazards such as safety belts, protective glasses and hard hats.

��$=$=9

The apprentice is taught the theory and the knowledge relatedto safety procedures while working with electrical components.Instruction also consists of local, state, and national electrical codespertaining to the industrial application.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&

Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalentPhysically able to perform tradeApplicants apply directly to participating employers


Industrial Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Injection molding machine setters set up and tend machines thattransform plastic compounds into a wide variety of consumer goodssuch as toys, tubing and auto parts. They install plastic injectionmolds on the molding machine; make necessary connections of theelectrical, hydraulic and cooling systems to the mold; insure that thecorrect plastic material, plastic melt temperatures, shot size, injectionspeed and pressures are set; and cycle the machine and adjust themolding parameters until acceptable parts are produced.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Injection molding machine setters work in a typical factory shopsetting and use protective equipment such as safety belts andprotective glasses to aviod common hazards. This highly technicalapprenticeship program requires a thorough understanding of thematerial taught in this program.

��$=$=9

Units of instruction include electricity, hydraulics and pneumatics;statistical process control; plastic mold design and blueprint reading;technical mathematics; basic tool room machine shop operations;and an overview of many of the plastic molding processes other thaninjection molding.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalentApplicants apply directly to participating employers

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Machinists are skilled workers who can transform a block of metalinto an intricate part such as a gear or piston that meets precisespecification. They set up and operate a variety of machine toolsto produce precision parts and instruments. Many machines arecomputer numerically controlled (CNC), which means the machinistuses computers to direct the machine’s operations.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Most machine shops are well lighted and ventilated. Machinists wearprotective equipment such as safety glasses to shield against bits offlying metal and earplugs to protect against machinery noise. Theymay stand most of the day and may lift moderately heavy work pieces.

��$=$=9

The apprentice will learn the theory and skills to operate all the basicmachinery found in a well-equipped machine shop, including lathes,drilling machines, metal cutting saws, vertical and horizontal millingmachines, and surface and cylindrical grinders.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalentApplicants apply directly to participating employers


Industrial Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Maintenance mechanics and millwrights install, dismantle, or movemachinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints,or other drawings. They keep machines, mechanical equipment, or thestructure of an establishment in repair. Duties may involve pipefitting;boiler making; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairingelectrical or mechanical equipment; installing; aligning; and balancingnew equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Maintenancemechanics andmillwrights employed inmanufacturing oftenwork in a typical factory shop setting and use protective equipment to avoidcommon hazards such as safety belts, protective glasses and hard hats.

��$=$=9

Classroom instruction is given in mathematics, blueprint reading,hydraulics, electricity, computers and electronics.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&

Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalentPhysically able to perform tradeApplicants apply directly to participating employers

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Metal fabricators make initial shapes or models to produce molds, formsand dies which are used to mass produce the components of virtuallyevery manufactured metal product. They fabricate, lay out, position,align, and fit parts of structural metal products such as frameworks orshells for machinery, ovens, stacks and metal parts for buildings andbridges, according to job order or blueprints.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Most metal fabricators work in factories that are clean, well lit and wellventilated. They wear protective equipment such as safety glasses andearplugs to protect against flying metal particles and noise.

��$=$=9

Classroom studies include blueprint reading, mathematicsand metallurgy.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalentPhysically able to perform tradeApplicants apply directly to participating employers


Industrial Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Mold makers set up and operate machines such as lathes, milling andengraving machines, and jig borers to make working models of metalor plastic objects. They lay out, machine, fit, assemble, and finish metalparts to make and repair dies for diecasting of metal products and metalmolds for injection or compression molding of plastic or glass products.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Mold makers usually work in toolrooms. These areas are quieter thanthe production floor because there are fewer machines in use at one time.They wear protective equipment such as safety glasses to shield against bitsof flying metal and earplugs to protect against noise. They spend much ofthe day on their feet and may do moderately heavy lifting.

��$=$=9

Class work consists of mathematics, mechanical drawing, tooldesigning, tool programming, and blueprint reading.


��? ;�&��$*�$�=Tool and die makers analyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set upand operate machine tools, and fit and assemble parts to make andrepair dies, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures (devices that hold metal while itis shaped, stamped or drilled), gauges, and machinist’s hand tools. Diemakers construct metal forms (dies) to shape metal in stamping andforging operations.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Tool and die makers usually work in toolrooms. These areas arequieter than the production floor because there are fewer machinesin use at one time. They wear protective equipment, such as safetyglasses to shield against bits of flying metal and earplugs to protectagainst noise. They spend much of the day on their feet and may domoderately heavy lifting.

��$=$=9

Class work usually consists of mathematics, mechanicaldrawing, tool designing, tool programming, and blueprint reading.



��? ;�&��$*�$�=Barber/Cosmetologist apprentices train in a licensedsalon under a licensed professional, learning the skillsof cutting, styling, coloring, permanent waving orstraightening hair. In addition, cosmetologists givemanicures, pedicures, scalp and facial treatments;provide make-up analysis; and clean and style wigsand hairpieces. Continually changing fashion trendsaffect hairstyles and techniques, requiring successfulprofessionals to stay up to date in creating a totallook for today’s men, women, and children.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Barber/Cosmetologists generally work in clean,pleasant salons with good lighting and ventilation.This occupation also requires strong interpersonalcommunication skills and standing for long periods.Work hours usually include evenings and weekends.

��$=$=9

The theory training in the classroom focuses onthe chemistry involved with each subject, alongwith proper sanitation and safety procedures. Aftercompleting the program, apprentices must pass thestate test to be licensed as a practitioner.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employerHigh school diploma or equivalent is recommendedApplicants apply directly to a licensed, full service salonThe salon must be in business for at least one year


Service Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Cooks and chefs prepare, season, and cook soups, gravies, salads,meats, vegetables, desserts and other foodstuffs for consumption inrestaurants, hotels, and other institutions. They operate ovens, broilers,grills, roasters, steam kettles and other equipment used in the cookeryof food. They measure and mix ingredients according to recipe, usinga variety of kitchen utensils and equipment such as blenders, mixers,grinders, slicers and tenderizers.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Cooks are employed in hotels, restaurants, clubs and other foodestablishments, which offer a full food menu. Workers must withstandthe pressure of working in close quarters, standing long periods of time,lifting heavy pots and kettles and working near hot ovens and grills.Work hours may include late evenings, holidays and weekends.

��$=$=9

Apprentices are eligible to join the American Culinary Federation(National Chef’s Association) as a registered apprentice.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employerApplicants apply directly to participating restaurant or hotel


��? ;�&��$*�$�=Correctional officers guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutionsin accordance with established regulations and procedures. They mayguard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or otherpoints.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Correctional officers work in correctional institutions, which canbe stressful and hazardous. They may work indoors or outdoors,depending upon their specific duties. Some indoor areas may bewell lighted, heated and ventilated, but others are overcrowded, hot

a week, on rotating shifts. Prison security must be provided aroundthe clock.

��$=$=9

Related instruction covers firearms training, fire suppression, inmatecontrol, communications, administrative rules and safety.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&

Valid driver’s license is requiredApplicants cannot have a felony conviction or domestic violenceconvictionApplicants must pass a reading and reasoning skills aptitude testPass civil service exam

Service Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Electric line workers install and repair cables or wires used in electricalpower or distribution systems. They erect poles and light or heavy dutytransmission towers. They locate line trouble, climb poles, use hot linetools, and operate and maintain substations.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Because electric cables are strung from utility poles or are underground,electric line workers must climb and lift or work in stooped andcramped positions. They usually work outdoors in all kinds of weather

when severe weather damages power lines, they may work long andirregular hours to restore service.

��$=$=9

Classroom instruction is offered in weekly blocks staggered throughoutthe year.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&High school diploma or equivalentValid driver’s license or reliable transportationCommercial driver’s license (CDL) with an “A” endorsement orthe ability to get the CDLMost employers test applicants for basic verbal, arithmetic and abstractreasoning skillsSome employers test for physical ability such as balance, coordination,strength and mechanical aptitudeApplicants apply directly to the electric utilityMay be required to take a drug and alcohol test at time of selection


��? ;�&��$*�$�=Firefighters control and extinguish fires or respond to emergencysituations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Dutiesmay include fire prevention, emergency medical service, hazardousmaterial response, search and rescue, and disaster management.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Firefighters spend much of their time at fire stations, which usuallyhave facilities for dining and sleeping. When an alarm comes in,firefighters must respond rapidly, regardless of the weather orhour. They spend long periods on their feet, sometimes in adverseweather, tending to fires, medical emergencies, hazardous materialsincidents and other emergencies. They wear all kinds of protectivegear, which can be very heavy. Work hours are longer and varymore widely than hours of most other workers.

��$=$=9

400 hours paid related instruction

Related instruction covers subjects such as firefighting techniquesand equipment, chemical hazards associated with variouscombustible building materials, emergency medical procedures, fireprevention and safety.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Minimum qualifications depend on the hiring authorityHigh school diploma or equivalentMeet required norms on aptitude test (if required)Physically able to perform tradeSome require completion of a two-year program at a technicalcollege. In many cases, applicants will have to take a civil serviceexamination.Applicants apply directly to participating fire departments

Service Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Funeral directors perform various tasks to arrange and direct funeralservices such as coordinating transportation of the body to the mortuaryfor embalming, interviewing family or other authorized person toarrange details, procuring officials for religious rites and providingtransportation for mourners. They prepare bodies for internment inconformity with legal requirements.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Most funeral directors work in clean, well-lighted funeral homes.Funeral directors often work long, irregular hours. This occupation alsorequires strong interpersonal communication skills and standing forlong periods.

��$=$=9

or after mortuary schoolA State board licensing examination is required at the end of training.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&

High school diploma or equivalentApplicants may not have an arrest or conviction recordComplete two academic years of instruction in a recognized college oruniversity before apprenticeship applicationApprenticeships must be completed under an experienced andlicensed funeral director or embalmer


��? ;�&��$*�$�=Maintenance technicians work in two fields: Industrial electrician andmaintenance mechanic/millwright. These two trades are combined in themaintenance technician trade. These apprentices work with many differenttypes of electrical equipment. Theymay also modify or install electricalequipment like motors, transformers, generators, machine controls andlighting systems in industrial commercial and public establishments. Theyare also responsible for periodic inspection of electrical equipment to locateand repair defects before breakdowns occur. They also install, dismantleor move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans,blueprints, or other drawings. They keep machines, mechanical equipmentor the structure of an establishment in repair. They conduct periodicinspections or mechanical equipment to locate and repair defects beforebreakdowns occur. Other duties may include pipefitting; boiler work;insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; installing, aligning and balancingnew equipment; repairing buildings, floors or stairs.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Maintenance technicians employed inmanufacturing oftenwork in a typicalfactory shop setting anduse protective equipment such as safety belts, protectiveglasses andhard hats to avoid commonhazards. Theymust be able to stand forlongperiods of time andwork in cramped or uncomfortable positions.

��$=$=9

Classroom studies include blueprint reading; mathematics; hydraulics;electricity; computers; electronics; local, state and national electrical codespertaining to the industrial application; and safety procedures and equipment.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&Entry requirements vary by employer

High school diploma or equivalentPhysically able to perform the tradeApplicants apply directly to participating employers

Service Trades

��? ;�&��$*�$�=Metering technicians install and audit electric meters. Disconnect/reconnect meters. Respond to trouble calls. Troubleshoot and testmeters. Verify equipment security, investigate power diversions andillegal taps, collect physical evidence of illegal taps and maintain chainof evidence. Respond to high-bill complaints. Maintain inventories ofsupplies and document work with written reports.

��?$=9 ��=;$�$�=&Metering technicians often work in stooped and cramped positions.They usually work outdoors in all kinds of weather. Most usually worka 40-hour week, but sometimes work long and irregular hours to restoreservice to and from meters.

��$=$=9

Classroom instruction is offered in weekly blocks staggered throughoutthe year.

�**2$��$�= ��@>$��'�=�&High school diploma or equivalentValid driver’s license or reliable transportationCommercial Driver’s License (CDL) with an “A” endorsement of theability to get the CDLMust be able to physically perform the work of the tradeMost employers test applicants for basic verbal, arithmetic and abstractreasoning skillsMay be required to undergo drug or alcohol testing at time of selectionas an apprenticeApplicants apply directly to the electric utility

Apprenticeship Training Representatives

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APPRENTICESHIP€¦ · through a master-apprentice system in which the apprentice was indentured to...

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Transcript of APPRENTICESHIP€¦ · through a master-apprentice system in which the apprentice was indentured to...