APPRECIATION PROGRAMME APPRECIATION PROGRAMME ON ON

SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCESUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

99thth October 2010 October 2010

Introduction to Sustainability Sciences Block I

N. Ganga Vidya

M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

Block IBlock I

Introduction

to

Sustainability Science

Units in Block 1Units in Block 1

Unit 1 Concept of Sustainability Sciences

Unit 2 Population and Unsustainable Lifestyles

Unit 3 Finite Resources

Unit 4 Ecological Foundations of Basic Human Needs

Introduction to a few terms Introduction to a few terms

in this Subjectin this Subject

SustainSustain – to continue without lessening, to nourish, to allow to – to continue without lessening, to nourish, to allow to flourishflourish

DevelopDevelop – to improve or bring to a more advanced state – to improve or bring to a more advanced state

Community Community – a group of people who live and interact within a – a group of people who live and interact within a specific geographic areaspecific geographic area

EconomyEconomy – the way the goods and services are produced, – the way the goods and services are produced, distributed and consumed distributed and consumed

Sustainability Sciences is a Dynamic Sustainability Sciences is a Dynamic Interaction between Natural Sciences and Interaction between Natural Sciences and

SocietiesSocieties

Definition of Sustainable Development Definition of Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development Defined Sustainable Development Defined

World Commission on Environment and Development's.

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

It contains within it two key concepts: the concept of needs, in particular the essential

needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development

Economist Edward Barbier (1987)

The Real Subsets

All definitions of sustainable development require that we see the world as a system—a system that connects space; and a system that connects time.

When you think of the world as a system over space, you grow to understand that air pollution from North America affects air quality in Asia, and that pesticides sprayed in Argentina could harm fish stocks off the coast of Australia.And when you think of the world as a system over time, you start to realize that the decisions our grandparents made about how to farm the land continue to affect agricultural practice today; and the economic policies we endorse today will have an impact on urban poverty when our children are adults.We also understand that quality of life is a system, too. It's good to be physically healthy, but what if you are poor and don't have access to education? It's good to have a secure income, but what if the air in your part of the world is unclean? And it's good to have freedom of religious expression, but what if you can't feed your family?The concept of sustainable development is rooted is this sort of systems thinking. It helps us understand ourselves and our world. The problems we face are complex and serious—and we can't address them in the same way we created them.

Commitment to Development Index

http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi/

Rich and poor countries are linked in many ways by foreign aid, commerce, migration, the environment, and military affairs. The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) rates 22 rich countries on how much they help poor countries build prosperity, good government, and security. Each rich country gets scores in seven policy areas, which are averaged for an overall score.

1. Rich-country policies matter2. Development is more than aid3. Aid is more than money4. Coherence matters5. Partnerships are powerful6. No one is perfect

1987

Ms. Gro Harlem Bruntland Chaired this Commission which produced the report

Realising that Short term Goals don’t jeoparadise the long term development

Three Main Components

of

Study

of

Sustainability Sciences

Awareness

Analysis

Action

The Goal of Sustainability Science

ToTo Mainstream the principles of ecology, Mainstream the principles of ecology, economics, social, gender equity and economics, social, gender equity and ethics in all the technology development ethics in all the technology development and dissemination programmes.and dissemination programmes.

Dimensions of Dimensions of

Sustainable Development Sustainable Development

P- Population

R- Resource

R -Replenishable

E- Economy

E - Ecology

E - Equity

Social Sustainability of Development Pathways is as important as environment and economic sustainability .

1972 M. S. Swaminathan

There is no better common Future without a better common present

The Five Es of SustainabilityThe Five Es of Sustainability ECONOMY - Compatible with Nature — considering economic development plans

that protect and/or enhance natural resources through improvements in management practices, technology, efficiency, and changes in life-style.

ECOLOGY - Natural Ecosystem Capacity — understanding natural system processes of landscapes and watersheds to guide the design of sound economic development strategies.

EQUITY - Societal Well-Being for All People — guaranteeing equal access to jobs, education, natural resources, and services for all people -- balancing the playing field.

EDUCATION - Life-long Learning, Awareness, & Training — citizens and organizations obtaining adequate and comprehensive information in creating authentic choices for action intended to affect sustainability; developing interdisciplinary curriculum to train students for careers in sustainable development.

EVALUATION - Measuring the making of a Difference — identifying key sustainability indicators that measure the direction and extent of impact from economic and social activities on natural and human systems; providing feedback to allow for corrections in ongoing work toward sustainability.

Mass Production

Production By Masses

“Cooperation is first and foremost a philosophy. However, the magic of cooperation is seen when this philosophy is translated into business and economic success.”

“A successful method in which the nation can create and distribute wealth is through cooperation. The performance of India's milk cooperatives -- and particularly those in Gujarat -- provides compelling evidence of the superiority of cooperation over unadulterated capitalism, or socialism, while serving as an instrument of development. It is not a coincidence that throughout the world, cooperation has proven to be the first choice of those involved in the primary sectors, especially agriculture and dairying.

It is in the fitness of things as both agriculture and dairying- involving mass production and mass consumption - provide livelihoods to millions of common people in most countries of the world.”

Dr. Verghese Kurian

The father of the Indian milk revolution

Unit 2Unit 2

Population

&

Unsustainable Lifestyle

The First Edition Cover The First Edition Cover

The Limits to Growth is a 1972 book modeling the consequences of a rapidly growing world population and finite resource supplies, commissioned by the Club of Rome.

Theories of Population

Pessimistic - Preventive Check

Optimistic - Positive Check

Revisionist - Population is one of the many factors

Marxist – Capitalism is the reason for population increase

Feminisation of Poverty

And the Missing Women

“42.7 million Indian Women die for no other reason than not being able to access healthcare, if and when they do being discriminated against being so malnourished that even if they get treatment they cannot survive, and all this only if they are not eliminated before birth or after being born.”

http://www.thehindu.com/mag/2010/04/04/stories/2010040450060300.htm

The Hindu dated Sunday April 4th 2010

Carrying Capacity

Sustainable Size of a Resident Population in a given Ecosystem

Carrying capacity is not a fixed number. Estimates put Earth's carrying capacity at anywhere between 2 billion and 40 billion people [source: McConeghy]. It varies with a wide range of factors, most of them fitting under the umbrella of "lifestyle." If humans were still in the hunter-gatherer mode, Earth would have reached its capacity at about 100 million people [source: Think Quest]. With humans producing food and living in high-rise buildings, that number increases significantly [source: Think Quest].

As of 2008, there were about 6.7 billion people living on this planet [source: Sachs].

Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency improvements refer to a reduction in the energy used for a given service (heating, lighting, etc.) or level of activity. The reduction in the energy consumption is usually associated with technological changes, but not always since it can also result from better organisation and management or improved economic conditions in the sector ("non-technical factors").

http://www.42u.com/efficiency/energy-efficiency-calculator.htm

Carbon Footprint

It measures total amount of greenhouse gas emissions released into the environment. Greenhouse gas emissions from all sources are summed up and changed into units of CO2 equivalent which is used to standardize greenhouse gas emissions and help make comparisons from different time periods and across industries. Carbon emissions are usually measured in metric tones per year (1 metric ton equals 2204lbs).

http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx

Ecological Footprint

The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems.

http://www.ecologicalfootprint.com/

Beyond the LimitsBeyond the Limits first edition first edition cover. 1992cover. 1992

"Beyond the Limits recognizes that the future doesn't lie in tinkering with resource use or simply squelching population growth in developing countries. A sustainable future will require profound social and psychological readjustments in the developed and developing world."

Unit 3Unit 3

Finite Resources

Renewable Resources continuous process of renewal and supply by nature

Non Renewable Resource Physical quantity does not increase significantly with time

http://www.worldometers.info/

Energy used worldwide today (MWh), of which:

- from non-renewable sources (MWh)

- from renewable sources (MWh)

Solar energy striking Earth today (MWh)

Oil pumped today (barrels1)

Oil left (barrels)

Days to the end of oil

Gas left (boe3)

Days to the end of gas

Coal left (boe)

Days to the end of coal

Water Footprint http://www.waterfootprint.org/?page=cal/waterfootprintcalculator_indv_ext

People use lots of water for drinking, cooking and washing, but even more for producing things such as food, paper, cotton clothes, etc. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business.

Hubbert Peak Oil Theory

http://www.oilcrisis.com/summary.htm

It is widely accepted that oil is a finite resource; there are basic laws which describe the depletion of any finite resource:

•Production starts at zero;

•Production then rises to a peak which can never be surpassed;

•Once the peak has been passed, production declines until the resource is depleted.

Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local Agenda 21 Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Carbon Market Think Global Act Local

Sustainable Development Timelinehttp://www.rce-ns.org/fileadmin/rce/Sustainable_Development_Timeline.pdf

1960s The Birth of the Environmental Movement

1962 Rachel Carson writes ‘Silent Spring’ which is often seen to have been a starter of the environmental movement.

1968 Garrett Hardin writes ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’ detailing the global dilemma of how individuals acting for self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource.

1968 Ehrlich writes ‘The Population Bomb’ which predicted disaster for humanity due to overpopulation.

1968 During the Apollo 8 mission Bill Anders photographs the Earth from Space highlighting the fragility of our planet.

1970s Development of Environmentalism

1972 The Stockholm Declaration is the first real global environmental forum.

1972 The Club of Rome writes ‘Limits to Growth’ which models the consequences of a rapidly growing global population and finite resource supplies

1973 The OPEC oil crisis also highlights the fact that the world’s resources are finite and unsustainable.

1974 Garrett Hardin writes ‘Living on a Lifeboat’ which details global ethics and overpopulation issues.

1980s Towards the birth of Sustainable Development

1980 The World Conservation Strategy is published which suggests a sustainable approach towards nature.

1985 The British Antarctic Survey discovers the Ozone hole - a huge display of environmental damage.

1987 The Brundtland report ‘Our Common Future’ first uses the term ‘Sustainable Development’.

1988 The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is formed.

1989 The Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster off Alaska highlights the damages that human activities can cause.

1990s Meetings and conferences that developed understanding of global sustainability issues

1992 Sustainable Development gains world recognition at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro where 172 nations discuss environmental issues, culminating in the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21.

1993 The first meeting of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development takes place.

1993 UN Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States in Barbados.

1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo.

1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen.

1996 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.

1996 Second UN Conference on Human Settlements in Istanbul.

1996 World Food Summit in Rome.

1997 Over 160 nations met in Kyoto, Japan, to discuss greenhouse

gas emissions, eventually leading to the signing of the Kyoto Protocol which entered into force in 2005.

1999 The first global sustainability index is launched.

1990s Meetings and conferences that developed understanding of global sustainability issues - contd

2000s Sustainable Development becomes a big issue

2000 At the largest ever gathering of world leaders the Millennium Development Goals are agreed which et timebound and measurable goals for combating poverty,

hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women.

2002 The Johannesberg Summit takes place as a 10 year follow up to the Rio Summit, and more progress is made towards Sustainable Development and establishing organizations and partnerships.

2003 The Earth Charter includes “Values and Principles for a Sustainable Future”.

2009 COP 15, the Copenhagen Climate Summit in December.

The Future ?2012 The Earth Summit (Rio+20) will take place

Unit 4Unit 4

Ecological Foundation

of

Basic Human Needs

Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs

Types of Satisfiers

Violators or Destroyers - impact other needs

Pseudo - false sense generation

Inhibiting - over satisfying

Singular - one person

Synergic - simultaneous many needs

Please think aloud

&

involve all around you in the thinking process

Thank You

Have you tested your brains to do some social service here is chance

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