John Wood

Applying MW Scale Energy Storage Solutions for Continuous Variability Management

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Separator

PbPbO2

Lead-Acid Cell

+ -Separator

PbO2CarbonElectrode

Ultracapacitor

-+

UltraBattery® Technology

i i1i2+ -

i

UltraBattery Carbon Electrode

Pb

Market Size: $3.5B

Motive Battery

Market Size: $6B

Standby Battery

New Lead-Acid Market

PSOC UltraBattery

Market Size: $15B

Starter Battery

State of Charge

1881

0%

100%80%

20%

1960 1980 Today

The New Dimension in a Lead Acid World

State of Charge

The New Dimension in a Lead Acid World

High Efficiency in Partial State of Charge Use

UltraBattery®: highly efficient & high longevity

Lower Efficiency & higher rate of degradation

Lower Efficiency and higher rate of degradation.

20%

80%

93% – 95% DC to DC

100%

0%

Wind Smoothing

Power Smoothing –Containerized VRLA UltraBattery Cells (2 x CUBS)

1MW DC Converter with Power Regulator

1MW Grid-Tied Inverter

BESSMaster

Controller

BES SYSTEM SUPPLIED BY EPM/ECOULT

660 kW WIND TURBINE

11 kV

Of Hampton Wind Farm Energy Storage System

Of Wind Output and Ramp Rate Reduction

Solar Smoothing & Shifting/Firming

2 Clear Days & 1 Cloudy Day

4 Hour Window

15 Minute Window

PV Output

Battery Output

System Output

Cloudy Day

Clear DayBlue – PV Yellow – Battery Red – Primary Meter

Magnified

Cloudy Day - Altocumulus

Stored PV Energy

Firm PM Energy OutputFirm AM Output

Manual Shifting

Firm PM Energy Output

Automated Shifting Service Starts

Firmed PV - Clear Days Firmed PV - Cloudy Days with Simultaneous Smoothing

Refined Automated Shifting Service Starts

Stored PV Energy

PV Output

Battery Output

System Output

Typical Diesel Generator Efficiency Curve

Source: XXX

24 hours

Fuel Efficiency Curve

Load

24 hours

Fuel Efficiency Curve

Load

PSoC UltraBattery® Cycle

Pow

erPo

wer

0

3X

2h

24hrs

24hrs

0

X

-2X

SoC

4h 2h 4h 2h 4h 2h 4h

2h 4h 2h 4h 2h 4h 2h 4h0%

100%

24 hours

Fuel Efficiency Curve

LoadDiesel Efficiency – Using Diesel in the Efficient Band

Diesel Consumption

LCOE

CO2

PSoC Cycle

- 10% to - 50%

- 10% to – 30%

- 10% to - 50%

Diesel Longevity 2.0X

48 hours

Fuel Efficiency Curve

PVLoad

48 hours

Fuel Efficiency Curve

PVLoadPo

wer

Pow

er

048hrs

0

SoC

DieselPV

24hrs

48hrs24hrs

PSoC UltraBattery® Cycle

0%

100%

Fuel Efficiency Curve

48 hours

VRLA Cycle PSoC CyclePV

Load

Match Renewable Power

Diesel Consumption

LCOE

CO2

- 50%+

- 30%

- 50%+

Manage Renewable Variability

Diesel Longevity 2.5X

Battery Replacement 2.5X

PSoC Cycle

7 Days

Fuel Efficiency Curve

PV

Load

7 Days

Fuel Efficiency Curve

PV

Load

Pow

er

Pow

er

0

7 days

0

SoC

PSoC UltraBattery® Cycle

7 days

Gas 1

Gas 5

Total Renewable Power

0%

100%

7 Days

Fuel Efficiency Curve

PV

LoadDiesel Efficiency – Using Diesel in the Efficient Band

Diesel Consumption

LCOE

CO2

- 20%+

- 5% to – 25%

- 20%+

PSoC Cycle

Frequency Regulation

VAR Correction

Spinning Reserve

0

27.5

55

82.5

110

9/09/2018 9:00:00 10/09/2018 0:48:45 10/09/2018 16:37:30 11/09/2018 8:26:15 12/09/2018 0:15:00

String 1

3 Day Cycling

String State of Charge (SOC)

String 2String 3String 4

45

48

51

54

57

9/09/2018 9:00:00 10/09/2018 0:48:45 10/09/2018 16:37:30 11/09/2018 8:26:15 12/09/2018 0:15:00

String 1, 2, 3, 4 Voltage

3 Day Cycling

String Voltage

-50

-37.5

-25

-12.5

0

12.5

9/09/2018 9:00:00 10/09/2018 0:48:45 10/09/2018 16:37:30 11/09/2018 8:26:15 12/09/2018 0:15:00

String 1

3 Day Cycling

String Current

String 2

String 3

String 4

Renewables Integration and Diesel Reduction

Hydro Tasmania – King Island Renewable Integration Project (KIREIP)

Regulation Services

* The project is supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy under the Smart Grid Storage Demonstration Program.RETURN

Pow

er (M

W)

Neg

ativ

e fo

r Cha

rge

& P

ositi

ve fo

r Disc

harg

e

00:00:00 6:00:00 12:00:00 18:00:00 00:00:00

1.500

1.000

0.500

0

- 0.500

-1.000

- 1.500

Dynamic PJM Regulation Services Signal, 22 May 2014

BESS ResponsePJM Request

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Dynamic Regulation

Traditional Regulation 141.7

MW

Daily Mileage

434.3MW

Daily Mileage

3.1Mileage Ratio

1.0Mileage Ratio

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00

$ 30,000.00

$ 60,000.00

$ 90,000.00

$ 120,000.00

Jul-16 Sept-16 Nov-16 Jan-17 Mar-17 May-17 Jul-17 Sept-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Mar-18

Regulation Market Performance Clearing Price (RMPCP)

Regulation Market Capability Clearing Price (RMCCP)

Revenue of 1MW Regulation Plant Operated Continuously With 100% PJM Performance Score

PJM introduces performance payments

PJM introduces performance mileage modifier

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E FE F

on FloatConventional Battery in Partial State

of Charge

Battery

Reserve Event Reserve Event

Storage Facility #1:

3MWFrequency Regulation

2x Power

Regulation Services

RETURN

Storage Facility #2:

100 kW Frequency Regulation

250kW UPS/Back-up

RETURN

Storage Facility #3:

200 kW Frequency Regulation

200 kWh Demand Management

200 kW UPS/Back-up

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PURE REGULATION SERVICES

MULTI PURPOSE $ $ $

PJM RMCP$38MW/hr

PJM RMCP$38MW/hr

15.0%IRR

45.0%IRR

Multi Purpose vs. Regulation Service

$

Payback Initial Capital5.0years

Payback Initial Capital3.0years

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MULTI PURPOSE

Marginal cost to increase size of battery store + slightly larger footprint2IRR based on marginal cost of UltraBatteries and additional space required3

1 Infrastructure and connection costs in place

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Partners

Load Levelling*

Load Levelling*

Peak Shifting*

Wind Smoothing Solar Smooth. & Shift.

Diesel Hybrid Support Reg. Services

MWkW

Microgrid*

*Courtesy of Furukawa Battery

MWkWIndoor

Outdoor

John Wood, CEOwww.ecoult.com www.ultrabattery.com

John Wood

Applying MW Scale Energy Storage Solutions for Continuous Variability Management