Applied Nuclear Physics in Sweden

- A brief overview -

Stephan Pomp (stephan.pomp@physics.uu.se)

Division of applied nuclear physics

Department of physics and astronomy

Uppsala university

What is applied nuclear physics?

Activities in Sweden

Activities in Uppsala

Facilities and funding

What is applied nuclear physics?

Applications

(demands and needs

from society)

Nuclear physics

identify needs

Theoretical:

Nuclear reaction modelling

Nuclear data evaluation

Experimental:

Nuclear physics measurements

Detection and measurement techniques

Computational:

Simulation codes

Analysis methods

Medical:

Nuclear medicine, Dosimetry, …

Drug development, Regenerative medicine, …

Materials:

Semiconductors, Radiation damage, …

Energy:

Fission (GenIV, fuel cycle,…), Fusion, …

Safety and Security:

Safeguards, …

Environment:

Radioecology, …

Science:

Archaeology, Astrophysics, Geology, …

Activities in Sweden

Lund University http://www.nuclear.lu.se/english/research/applied-nuclear-physics/

Lund University

C-14: http://www.geol.lu.se/c14

Group leader: Raimund Muscheler

AMS with ‘Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometry’ (SSAMS).

Applications within radioecology, ecology, medicine and biomedicine.

Equipment was funded 2004 by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and

the Swedish Research Council.

Lund Ion Beam Analysis Facility

(LIBAF)

• 3 MeV accelerator for H, D and He

• Ion beam analysis with micro-beam, e.g., PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission)

Group leader: Per Kristiansson

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Analysis of noise measurements from Swedish power plants • test our newly developed simulation methods, • analyze events at power plants where we can apply both known methods and our new methods. Use of In-Core Fuel Management (ICFM) codes.

Group leaders: Christophe Demaziere and Imre Paszit

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Using positron beams to analyze material defects; from vacancies in metallic crystalline structures (0.1 – 0.2 nm, a few hundred ps of life time) to macroscopic cavities and cracks. Technique can be used for • Irradiated steel from nuclear power tanks • Material samples exposed to mechanical stretching • Polymers and semi conductors • Micro porosity in zeolites (ion exchangers) Group leader: Anders Nordlund

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Plasma theory: The research programme is concentrated on the study of stability and transport in impure plasmas. Part of the work is focused on theoretical modelling compact plasma based ion sources. Group leader: Tünde Fülöp

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Safeguards: • Development of new methods for nuclear materials and

nuclear waste evaluation. • Research in statistical theory of joint detection of singles,

doubles, triples of neutrons and gammas photons. • Statistical theory of dead time effect on the higher

moments. Group leader: Dina Chernikova

Chalmers University of Technology

http://www.nephy.chalmers.se/

Development of the PHITS code

Dosimetry at high altitudes and in space: MATROSHKA experiment on ISS Group leader: Lembit Sihver

KTH – Royal Institute of Technology

https://www.kth.se/en/sci/phd/programs/physics/forskning/a

ktuell-forskning-inom-karnteknik-1.76849

Group leader: Sevostian Bechta

KTH - continued

http://www.neutron.kth.se/

http://www.reactor.sci.kth.se/

Group leader: Pär Olsson

Group leader: Henryk Anglart

Facilities at KTH: several test loops, e.g. HLM loop TALL

KTH – Research example

Studies of the nuclear fuel cycle and various options for transmutation using GenIV reactors or ADS concepts; Goals/needs: - Reduce radiotoxicity - Reduce waste storage problem - Sustainable nuclear power

Uppsala university

http://www.physics.uu.se/research/applied-nuclear-physics/

Ion physics group (Group leader: Daniel Primetzhofer/Göran Possnert)

… uses ion beams for material analysis ranging from applications in archeology and medicine to ultrathin surface coatings for optical and electronic devices. C-14…

After Geant4 After Geant4 and Zemax Experimental image

Fission diagnostics and safeguards (Group leader: Peter Jansson et al.)

Research in the safety and security of nuclear power, e.g., efficient fuel use and needs for future nuclear power plants. Development of methods for ensuring that nuclear material is used in accordance with international treaties.

Research at CLAB

The group performs measurements at Clab – Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel, e.g., gamma-ray emission to measure burn-up and delayed neutron emission (under development) to measure Pu-239 content.

http://www.skb.com/our-operations/clab/

Example: OECD Halden

The OECD Halden Reactor Project Founded 1958; located in Norway

https://www.oecd-nea.org/jointproj/halden.html

1- cladding temperature

p- rod pressure

E- cladding elongation

G- radioactivity

Unique (?) possibility for, e.g., Loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA)

Picture removed ….

Fusion diagnostics (Group leader: Göran Ericsson)

Research about fusion as a future power source is carried out at several facilities. The group develops instrumentation for monitoring and analysis of the fusion reactions.

Neutron Camera at MAST

Figures from PhD thesis of Iwona Klimek

Nuclear reactions research (Group leader: Stephan Pomp)

Experimental and computational research about nuclear reactions. Aim: Provide high quality nuclear data for applications.

Experimental activities (“Fission is the mission”):

- Studies of nuclear fission and measurement of cross section standards

JRC-IRMM in Belgium

- Neutron-induced light-ion production and fission cross section standards

NFS@GANIL in France

- Measurement of independent fission yields and isomeric yield ratios

IGISOL-JYFLTRAP in Finland

Nuclear reactions research

Physics Procedia 64 ( 2015) 145 – 149

234U(n,f) - anisotropy

Computational activities

(“We are so outside the box, that the box is a point”):

- Development of the Total Monte Carlo (TMC) method

- The TENDL project - TALYS-based evaluated nuclear data library

(https://tendl.web.psi.ch/tendl_2015/tendl2015.html)

Partners: IAEA (Vienna), PSI (Switzerland), NRG (The Netherlands)

Nuclear reactions research

One key element of TMC: Propagation of microscopic nuclear data uncertainties to the macroscopic system

Facilities in Sweden

Chalmers:

• Pulsed Positron Beam

– Uses 22Na and adjustable moderator

– Adjustable energy (300eV-15keV)

– studies of material defects

Lund:

• Lund Ion Beam Analysis Facility

• European Spallation Source

– in operation 2025?

Oskarshamn:

• CLAB – interim storage for spent fuel

(operated by SKB)

Facilities - continued

Uppsala:

• The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL): closing 2016

• Several accelerators as part of Tandem Lab (tour)

• 14-MeV neutron source

(1010 n/s in 4p, under dev.)

Funding examples

• Swedish Research Council

– Fusion, DREAM4SAFER, ASTRID, NFS@GANIL, …

• European Commission

– EUROFusion, GETMAT, CHANDA, …

• Authority:

– Swedish Radiation Safety Authority

– Swedish Defense Research Agency

• Industry, e.g.,

– Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology

• Accelerator-based precision measurements – AMS, material analysis, …

• Diagnostics methods – Fusion plasma, nuclear fuel in the cycle, …

• Microscopic nuclear physics experiments

– Cross sections, decay data, “the complete fission exp.” (FF+n+g), …

• Modern nuclear data evaluation à la TENDL

“nuclear data underpin all of nuclear science and technology”

Key areas - IMHO

Thank you!