Applied Administrative LawWater Law

Neal R Axton Information Resources

Energy Saving Template

Water Lawbull Will I be tested over thisbull Administrative procedurebull Administrative policybull Interface of statutes regulations

cases politics amp public policy

bull Why water law

Water Quality

EPAs most recent assessment of the nations water qualityhelliplists just under half of the assessed rivers and lakes as ldquoimpairedrdquo hellip EPAs lowest classification - Christopher H Schroeder Global Warming and the Problem of Policy Innovation Lessons from the Early Environmental Movement 39 ENVTL L 285 287 (2009)(citations omitted)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Veto amp Signing Statements

Executive (Agencies)

Regulation ampEnforcement

Judiciary

Interpretation ampGap Filling

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Water Lawbull Will I be tested over thisbull Administrative procedurebull Administrative policybull Interface of statutes regulations

cases politics amp public policy

bull Why water law

Water Quality

EPAs most recent assessment of the nations water qualityhelliplists just under half of the assessed rivers and lakes as ldquoimpairedrdquo hellip EPAs lowest classification - Christopher H Schroeder Global Warming and the Problem of Policy Innovation Lessons from the Early Environmental Movement 39 ENVTL L 285 287 (2009)(citations omitted)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Veto amp Signing Statements

Executive (Agencies)

Regulation ampEnforcement

Judiciary

Interpretation ampGap Filling

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Water Quality

EPAs most recent assessment of the nations water qualityhelliplists just under half of the assessed rivers and lakes as ldquoimpairedrdquo hellip EPAs lowest classification - Christopher H Schroeder Global Warming and the Problem of Policy Innovation Lessons from the Early Environmental Movement 39 ENVTL L 285 287 (2009)(citations omitted)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Veto amp Signing Statements

Executive (Agencies)

Regulation ampEnforcement

Judiciary

Interpretation ampGap Filling

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Veto amp Signing Statements

Executive (Agencies)

Regulation ampEnforcement

Judiciary

Interpretation ampGap Filling

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Informal Rule-making ProcessbullAdvanced Notice of Proposed Rule-Making bullProposed RulebullComment PeriodbullFinal RulebullVariations on a theme

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

httpbitlyqMYiM

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

WatershedsWatershed The area of land from which rainfall (andor snow melt) drains into a single point Watersheds are also sometimes referred to as drainage basins or drainage areas - North Carolina State University Soil Management Glossary httpbitlyTlNHK

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Watershed Centralbull EPA - Agency Websitersquos Educational Features

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

The Twin Cities Watershed

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Modernity

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Modern Problems Modern Solutions

bull Clean Water Act is Congressrsquo aptly-named water pollution control measurebull Clean Water Act of 1977 aka CWAndashPublic Law 95-217 ndashCodified at 33 USC 1251 et seq

bull CWA amended and strengthened the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Citation Review

bull Public Law (Pub Law or Pub L or PL)bull Statutes At Large (Stat)bull Public Law 80-845 62 Stat1155 (1948)bull Public Law 80-845 was 845th law adopted

by 80th Congressbull It is published in the Statutes at Large in

Volume 62 on Page 1155bull Public Law 80-845 became law in 1948bull Remember that Congresses span two

calendar years

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Long Legislative Interest

bull The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 30 Stat 1151 bullPublic Health Service Act of

1912 37 Stat 309 bullOil Pollution Act of 1924

43 Stat604

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Thinking it Through

Why use Statutes at Large versus public law number

Why use Statutes at Large versus United States Code

Why not use United States Code Annotated

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry

bull US v Republic Steel 362 US 482 (1960)ndash Section 16 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of

1899 aka Refuse ActndashNo refuse discharged into waterwaysndash ldquoSuspended SolidsrdquondashCriminal LiabilityndashBounty to Whistleblowers

ndash Interaction of Courts and Industryndash Judicial Activism

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Public Impetus

bull Santa Barbara Offshore Oil Spill ndash 11 days in 1969 killed 1000s of birdsbull Cuyahoga River Conflagrationbull Cleveland Ohio on June 22 1969bull Long History of Firesbull Drains into Lake Eriendash10000 square mile surfacendash119 cubic miles

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Construction of the Law

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act

bull Game Changerbull Modern Schemendash Permitting of Point Sourcesndash Safe Harbor for Industry

bull Federal Waters bull Waters of the United Statesbull Jurisdiction and Enforcement

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Federal Pollution Control Act

Reflects Congressional Practice to Amend Previous Enactments Updated Version

httpepwsenategovwaterpdf

Federal Water Pollution Control ActAs Amended Through Public Law 107-303

Amendment versus Revision

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 blends into 1977

Federal Water Pollution Control Act amended again in 1977 by the ldquoofficialrdquo Clean Water Act PL 95-217

More amendments to comehellip

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Memes amp Memory

bull Popular Names bull Populist Names

bull Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

bull Clean Water Act

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Popular Name

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Keeping it all straight

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 Amendment

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Tracking the Amendments

bull Perplexing at Timesbull Drafterrsquos ChoicendashAmend United States CodendashAmend prior enactment (session law)

bull Law Revision Counsel of the US House of Representativesbull Terms of Artbull Expertise

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Comparative Codificationbull Session Laws

ndash Statutes at Largendash Enactmentsndash House Billsndash Senate Bills

bull Codificationndash United States Code (Statutes)ndash Code of Federal Regulations (Regulations)

ndash Minnesota Statutes (Statutes)ndash Minnesota Rules (Regulations)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Legislation ampCodification

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

InformalRule-Making

Federal Register amp CFR

Judiciary

Injunctionsamp Invalidation

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Historical Administrative Research

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

CFR as it changed year to year

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Federal Register Library

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Find by Date

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Clean Water

Everything that man himself injects into the biosphere - chemical biological or physical - can ultimately find its way into the earths water And these contaminants must be removed by nature or by man before that water is again potable

- Charles C Johnson Jr Asst Surgeon General

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

bull Water Quality Standards (WQS)bull Designated Uses (DU)bull Higher use = cleaner waterndashDrinking Swimmingndash Fishing Farming

bull Lower Use = more pollutedndash Industrial DischargendashThermal Transfer

1972 CWA Innovations

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Multiple Designated Uses

Source httpbitly12fdjG

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 CWA Innovationsbull National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

bull Permits Required to Discharge Waste Waterndash Point Sources bull Factory Dischargebull Sewage Dischargebull Feedlot Dischargebull Thermal Discharge

bull Exempted by Statute from NPDESndash Non-Point Sources bull Irrigationbull Fertiliserbull Herbicidebull Insecticide

bull Grey Area Irrigation Return Flows exempted

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 101 Goal ndash No Toxic Pollutionbull Section 102 Comprehensive Pollution

Control Plan with water quality standards effluent amp thermal discharge regulationsbull Section 103 Interstate Cooperationbull Section 104 Research Documentation

Mitigation Restoration amp Trainingbull Section 105 Grants for Research amp

Development

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Highlights of CWA

bull Section 303 amp 307 ndash EPA defines pollutantsndash 1972 law gave EPA 90 days to definendash EPA missed deadline

bull Once pollutants identified States implement Total Maximum [Waste] Daily Loads

bull State TDMLs to be approved by EPAbull If not approved EPA to create TDML ndash (Section 402 takeover provision)

bull No staffing for EPA to set TDMLs

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Non-Point Sources

bull Section 208 of Clean Water Act bull Section 319 added by Water Quality

Act 109 Stat 727 (1987)ndashState-wide Non-Point Source (NPS)

ProgramsndashBest Management Practices (BMPs)ndashFarmer ExemptionndashIrrigation Returns exempted by statute

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Division of Power and Responsibility

bull Section 402 ndash National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systemndash Feasibility Standards for Effluentsndash 1972 law did not envision allowing polluted discharge

bull Section 404 ndash Dredge and Fillndash Corps of Engineersndash EPA Vetondash 8 vetoes in 160000 permits

Kenneth M Murchison Learning from Five-and-a-Half Decades of Federal Water Pollution Control Legislation Twenty Lessons for the Future 32 BC ENVTL AFF L REV 527 n 209 (2005) citing Oliver A Houck Hard Choices The Analysis of Alternatives Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Similar Environmental Laws 60 U COLO L REV 773 790 (1989)

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Clean Water Act Highlights

bull Section 401 ndash Established Water Quality Standardsndash Permitted Use and Dischargendash Loans for Water Projects

bull Section 402ndash Implements National Pollutant Discharge

Elimination System for point sourcesndash EPA compiles all final rules httpbitlyTkOXp

bull Section 404ndash Dredging amp Filling Permits ndash Corps of Engineers amp EPA Vetoesndash Local Empowerment

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

A Fistful of Regulations

Pollutant Discharge Regulations at 40 CFR Part 122 et al

In 1978 EPA sought to consolidate permit program requirements for five major programs

bull Hazardous Waste Management program under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

bull The Underground Injection Control (UIC) program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

bull The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull State Dredge or Fill (404) programs under the Clean Water Act (CWA)

bull The Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program under the Clean Air Act (CAA)

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Consolidation of Regulations

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Reduce Overlap

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Jimmy

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations

bull Published for current year ONLYbull Title 3 of CFRbull Historically in Federal Registerbull Collections of Presidential Papersbull My favorite site for Executive Orders httpwwwarchivesgovfederal-

registerexecutive-orders

or httpbitly1BsbGa

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Disposition Table

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Busy Years

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Updating the Law

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Regulatory Agenda

bull What do agencies plan to regulate in the next six monthsbull What regulations need updatedbull Notice bull Fair Warning to Counsel

bull Back to our storyhellip

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Natural Resources Defense Council v US Environmental Protection Agency et al 673 F2d 392 (1980)

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Formal amp Informal

Rule-Making

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1972 CWA

bull Required List of Pollutants within 90 Daysbull Agency Misses Deadlinebull Citizens Suitsbull Innovative Enforcement Mechanism

bull Why did EPA not heed Congressrsquo will

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cyclical Nature of LawCongress

Delegate Power to Agency

Executive (President)

Executive Orders

Executive (Agencies)

Implement Congressrsquo Vision

Judiciary

Ensure Agencies do not exceed

authority

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

1987 Amendments to the CWA

bullNPDES AugmentedbullStorm Water RegulationsbullTDML morphs into Maximum Extent Possible (MEP)

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Storm Water Runoff

bull Impervious MaterialsndashConcretendashBlacktopndashHouse itselfndashRoofndashFlagstones

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Modernity

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Circumvention

bull Industrial PollutionndashPoint Sources

bull Storm Drainsndash Illegal DumpingndashMaterials exposed to elementsbullWashes away

ndashUsed motor oilbull Shade Tree Mechanicsbull Down the drainhellip

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Stormwater Runoff Pollution

bull StormWater Phase 1ndash From Industrial Sourcesndash From Cities of 100000 or morendash From Cities of 250000 or more

bull Preliminary Rule found at 53 FR 49416bull Final Rule found at 55 Fed Reg 47990

(1990)bull Codified at 40 CFR parts 122 123 124bull Referred to as a Section 402(p) permit

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Preamble ndash Unique to Final RuleConsent Decree

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Proposed Rule

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

More Storm Water Regulation

bull Phase II bull Small Citiesbull Under 100000 residentsbull Proposed Rule 63 FR 1536

(1998)bull Final Rule 64 Fed Reg 68 722

(1999)

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Law amp Economics

bull Designated Uses reflects societyrsquos needsbull Balance needs of all usersbull Encourage beneficial usendashPrior Allocation Rule at Common LawndashCommon Law abrogated by StatutendashMay be useful when statutes

ambiguous ndash Water Law in a Nutshell

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

The Seventh Generationbull Cost-Benefit Analysisbull Value of Potable Waterbull The perfect should not be the enemy

of the goodbull Water as a Human Rightbull Swimming in Deep Waterbull Water Warsbull California Dreaming

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Searching for Government Information

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Tabs for the search box

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Dual Display

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Clustered Results by Vivisimo

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

From TDML cluster or folder

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Narrow your Google Universe

httpwwwgooglecomunclesam

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

New Topic Drinking Waterbull Safety Drinking Water Act of 1974 Pub L 93-523 codified at

21 USCS sect 349 (FDA) 42 USCS sectsect 201 300f--300j-9 (EPA)

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1977 P L 95-190 42 USCS sectsect 300f

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1986 P L 99-339 42 USCS sectsect 300f 300g-1 et seq 300h et seq 300i 300i-1 300j et seq

bull SDWA Amdmts of 1996 P L 104-182 110 Stat 1613 codified at 42 USC 300 and 21 USC 349

bullSDWA Amdmts of 2000 P L 106-457 33 USCS sect 1263a Grants to Alaska to improve sanitation in rural and Native villages

Maximum Contaminant Levels

40 CFR 141 details limits forbull Microorganismsbull Disinfectantsbull Disinfection Byproductsbull Inorganic Chemicalsbull Organic Chemicalsbull RadionuclidesndashSee httpbitly15esvO

Secondary Drinking Water Standards40 CFR Part 143 defines limitsbull Aluminum 005 to 02 mglbull Chloride 250 mglbull Color 15 color unitsbull Copper 10 mglbull Corrosivity Non-corrosivebull Fluoride 20 mglbull Foaming agents 05 mglbull Iron 03 mglbull Manganese 005 mglbull Odor 3 threshold odor numberbull pH 65-85bull Silver 01 mglbull Sulfate 250 mgl

Balancing the Needs

bullPotable WaterbullDrinking WaterbullRecreational Usebull Fishable Waterbull Swimmable Waterbull Industrial Use

Pending Legislation

Thomasgov

• Applied Administrative Law Water Law
• Water Law
• Water Quality
• Cyclical Nature of Law
• Slide 5
• Informal Rule-making Process
• httpbitlyqMYiM
• GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov
• Watersheds
• Watershed Central
• The Twin Cities Watershed
• Modernity
• Modern Problems Modern Solutions
• Citation Review
• Long Legislative Interest
• Thinking it Through
• Slide 17
• Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry
• Public Impetus
• Slide 20
• 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
• Federal Pollution Control Act
• 1972 blends into 1977
• Memes amp Memory
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Popular Name
• Keeping it all straight
• Slide 31
• 1972 Amendment
• Tracking the Amendments
• Comparative Codification
• Slide 35
• Historical Administrative Research
• CFR as it changed year to year
• Slide 38
• Federal Register Library
• Slide 40
• Find by Date
• Clean Water
• Slide 43
• Multiple Designated Uses
• 1972 CWA Innovations
• 1972 Clean Water Act Highlights
• Highlights of CWA
• Non-Point Sources
• Division of Power and Responsibility
• Clean Water Act Highlights
• A Fistful of Regulations
• NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978
• Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble
• Consolidation of Regulations
• Reduce Overlap
• Jimmy
• Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Slide 58
• Disposition Table
• Busy Years
• Updating the Law
• Slide 62
• Regulatory Agenda
• Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• 1972 CWA
• Slide 69
• 1987 Amendments to the CWA
• Storm Water Runoff
• Slide 72
• Circumvention
• Slide 74
• Stormwater Runoff Pollution
• Preamble ndash Unique to Final Rule Consent Decree
• Proposed Rule
• More Storm Water Regulation
• Law amp Economics
• Slide 80
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• The Seventh Generation
• Searching for Government Information
• Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs
• Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab
• Tabs for the search box
• Dual Display
• Clustered Results by Vivisimo
• Slide 89
• From TDML cluster or folder
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• Narrow your Google Universe
• New Topic Drinking Water
• Maximum Contaminant Levels
• Secondary Drinking Water Standards
• Balancing the Needs
• Pending Legislation

Secondary Drinking Water Standards40 CFR Part 143 defines limitsbull Aluminum 005 to 02 mglbull Chloride 250 mglbull Color 15 color unitsbull Copper 10 mglbull Corrosivity Non-corrosivebull Fluoride 20 mglbull Foaming agents 05 mglbull Iron 03 mglbull Manganese 005 mglbull Odor 3 threshold odor numberbull pH 65-85bull Silver 01 mglbull Sulfate 250 mgl

Balancing the Needs

bullPotable WaterbullDrinking WaterbullRecreational Usebull Fishable Waterbull Swimmable Waterbull Industrial Use

Pending Legislation

Thomasgov

• Applied Administrative Law Water Law
• Water Law
• Water Quality
• Cyclical Nature of Law
• Slide 5
• Informal Rule-making Process
• httpbitlyqMYiM
• GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov
• Watersheds
• Watershed Central
• The Twin Cities Watershed
• Modernity
• Modern Problems Modern Solutions
• Citation Review
• Long Legislative Interest
• Thinking it Through
• Slide 17
• Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry
• Public Impetus
• Slide 20
• 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
• Federal Pollution Control Act
• 1972 blends into 1977
• Memes amp Memory
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Popular Name
• Keeping it all straight
• Slide 31
• 1972 Amendment
• Tracking the Amendments
• Comparative Codification
• Slide 35
• Historical Administrative Research
• CFR as it changed year to year
• Slide 38
• Federal Register Library
• Slide 40
• Find by Date
• Clean Water
• Slide 43
• Multiple Designated Uses
• 1972 CWA Innovations
• 1972 Clean Water Act Highlights
• Highlights of CWA
• Non-Point Sources
• Division of Power and Responsibility
• Clean Water Act Highlights
• A Fistful of Regulations
• NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978
• Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble
• Consolidation of Regulations
• Reduce Overlap
• Jimmy
• Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Slide 58
• Disposition Table
• Busy Years
• Updating the Law
• Slide 62
• Regulatory Agenda
• Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• 1972 CWA
• Slide 69
• 1987 Amendments to the CWA
• Storm Water Runoff
• Slide 72
• Circumvention
• Slide 74
• Stormwater Runoff Pollution
• Preamble ndash Unique to Final Rule Consent Decree
• Proposed Rule
• More Storm Water Regulation
• Law amp Economics
• Slide 80
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• The Seventh Generation
• Searching for Government Information
• Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs
• Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab
• Tabs for the search box
• Dual Display
• Clustered Results by Vivisimo
• Slide 89
• From TDML cluster or folder
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• Narrow your Google Universe
• New Topic Drinking Water
• Maximum Contaminant Levels
• Secondary Drinking Water Standards
• Balancing the Needs
• Pending Legislation

Balancing the Needs

bullPotable WaterbullDrinking WaterbullRecreational Usebull Fishable Waterbull Swimmable Waterbull Industrial Use

Pending Legislation

Thomasgov

• Applied Administrative Law Water Law
• Water Law
• Water Quality
• Cyclical Nature of Law
• Slide 5
• Informal Rule-making Process
• httpbitlyqMYiM
• GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov
• Watersheds
• Watershed Central
• The Twin Cities Watershed
• Modernity
• Modern Problems Modern Solutions
• Citation Review
• Long Legislative Interest
• Thinking it Through
• Slide 17
• Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry
• Public Impetus
• Slide 20
• 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
• Federal Pollution Control Act
• 1972 blends into 1977
• Memes amp Memory
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Popular Name
• Keeping it all straight
• Slide 31
• 1972 Amendment
• Tracking the Amendments
• Comparative Codification
• Slide 35
• Historical Administrative Research
• CFR as it changed year to year
• Slide 38
• Federal Register Library
• Slide 40
• Find by Date
• Clean Water
• Slide 43
• Multiple Designated Uses
• 1972 CWA Innovations
• 1972 Clean Water Act Highlights
• Highlights of CWA
• Non-Point Sources
• Division of Power and Responsibility
• Clean Water Act Highlights
• A Fistful of Regulations
• NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978
• Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble
• Consolidation of Regulations
• Reduce Overlap
• Jimmy
• Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Slide 58
• Disposition Table
• Busy Years
• Updating the Law
• Slide 62
• Regulatory Agenda
• Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• 1972 CWA
• Slide 69
• 1987 Amendments to the CWA
• Storm Water Runoff
• Slide 72
• Circumvention
• Slide 74
• Stormwater Runoff Pollution
• Preamble ndash Unique to Final Rule Consent Decree
• Proposed Rule
• More Storm Water Regulation
• Law amp Economics
• Slide 80
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• The Seventh Generation
• Searching for Government Information
• Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs
• Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab
• Tabs for the search box
• Dual Display
• Clustered Results by Vivisimo
• Slide 89
• From TDML cluster or folder
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• Narrow your Google Universe
• New Topic Drinking Water
• Maximum Contaminant Levels
• Secondary Drinking Water Standards
• Balancing the Needs
• Pending Legislation

Pending Legislation

Thomasgov

• Applied Administrative Law Water Law
• Water Law
• Water Quality
• Cyclical Nature of Law
• Slide 5
• Informal Rule-making Process
• httpbitlyqMYiM
• GSA Regulatory Help ReginfoGov
• Watersheds
• Watershed Central
• The Twin Cities Watershed
• Modernity
• Modern Problems Modern Solutions
• Citation Review
• Long Legislative Interest
• Thinking it Through
• Slide 17
• Clean Water Act Impetus for Industry
• Public Impetus
• Slide 20
• 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
• Federal Pollution Control Act
• 1972 blends into 1977
• Memes amp Memory
• Slide 25
• Slide 26
• Slide 27
• Slide 28
• Popular Name
• Keeping it all straight
• Slide 31
• 1972 Amendment
• Tracking the Amendments
• Comparative Codification
• Slide 35
• Historical Administrative Research
• CFR as it changed year to year
• Slide 38
• Federal Register Library
• Slide 40
• Find by Date
• Clean Water
• Slide 43
• Multiple Designated Uses
• 1972 CWA Innovations
• 1972 Clean Water Act Highlights
• Highlights of CWA
• Non-Point Sources
• Division of Power and Responsibility
• Clean Water Act Highlights
• A Fistful of Regulations
• NPDES Proposed Rulersquos Preamble - 1978
• Final Rule ndash NPDES Preamble
• Consolidation of Regulations
• Reduce Overlap
• Jimmy
• Executive Orders in the Code of Federal Regulations
• Slide 58
• Disposition Table
• Busy Years
• Updating the Law
• Slide 62
• Regulatory Agenda
• Final Rule ndash Consolidated Permits
• Slide 65
• Slide 66
• Slide 67
• 1972 CWA
• Slide 69
• 1987 Amendments to the CWA
• Storm Water Runoff
• Slide 72
• Circumvention
• Slide 74
• Stormwater Runoff Pollution
• Preamble ndash Unique to Final Rule Consent Decree
• Proposed Rule
• More Storm Water Regulation
• Law amp Economics
• Slide 80
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• The Seventh Generation
• Searching for Government Information
• Businesses and Non-Profitshellip NGOs
• Laws and Regulations Link from Business Tab
• Tabs for the search box
• Dual Display
• Clustered Results by Vivisimo
• Slide 89
• From TDML cluster or folder
• Slide 91
• Slide 92
• Narrow your Google Universe
• New Topic Drinking Water
• Maximum Contaminant Levels
• Secondary Drinking Water Standards
• Balancing the Needs
• Pending Legislation