Applications of Nanotechnology to Materialsrfcurl/CurlApplications.pdf · 2014. 11. 23. · the...
Transcript of Applications of Nanotechnology to Materialsrfcurl/CurlApplications.pdf · 2014. 11. 23. · the...
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Applications of Nanotechnologyto Materials
Seventh Science ConclaveIIIT Allahabad
December 2014
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What caused the worldemphasis on nanotechnology?
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What caused the worldemphasis on nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is much olderthan nanoscience.
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Lycurgus Cup
4th Century Roman Cup
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Persian Khanjar
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Precipitation HardeningMetal alloys can be strengthened byprecipitating out nanoparticles of a minorcomponent of the alloy. These stop cracksthereby strengthening the metal.
First used ~1900 in aluminum
Theory published in 1919
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The concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnologywas first explored by Richard Feynman in 1959 inhis seminal talk “There is plenty of room at thebottom.”
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The concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnologywas first explored by Richard Feynman in 1959 inhis seminal talk “There is plenty of room at thebottom.”
The word “nanotechnology” was first used by NorioTaniguchi in 1974 to describe precision machining.
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The concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnologywas first explored by Richard Feynman in 1959 inhis seminal talk “There is plenty of room at thebottom.”
The word “nanotechnology” was first used by NorioTaniguchi in 1974 to describe precision machining.
Nanotechnology first came into vogue in 1986 withthe publication of K. Eric Drexler’s book Engines ofCreation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology.
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The concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnologywas first explored by Richard Feynman in 1959 inhis seminal talk “There is plenty of room at thebottom.”
The word “nanotechnology” was first used by NorioTaniguchi in 1974 to describe precision machining.
Nanotechnology first came into vogue in 1986 withthe publication of K. Eric Drexler’s book Engines ofCreation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology.
But we have been unwittingly using nanotechnologyfor about 2 millenia and carbon nanotechnology forabout 500 years.
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Star
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What gave the push to “nano”?Besides Drexler’s book, which did not drawmuch attention.
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What gave the push to “nano”?Besides Drexler’s book, which did not drawmuch attention.
Tools (science depends on technology)New: proximate probes (STM, AFM, other)Improved: Electron Microscopy
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What gave the push to “nano”?Besides Drexler’s book, which did not drawmuch attention.
Tools (science depends on technology)New: proximate probes (STM, AFM, other)Improved: Electron Microscopy
Rick SmalleyHe believed now that one could examinenanostructures, it would be possible to createthem with atomic precision.
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National Nanotechnology ProgramWhite House – November 2003
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Main commercial materialshttp://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/analysis_draft/
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Growth of consumer products
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Nature nanotech inspiresdevelopment of waterproof and
stainproof fabrics
NanoTexWaterstrider
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Brooks Bros. stain resistantties
Nano-Tex Treated
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TiO2 fiber cotton treatment
TiO2 web decorated with TiO2 nanoparticlesused for treating cotton to produce photoactiveself-cleaning .
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Konarka flexible portable panel
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Manufacture of graphene on polymer
Bae et al, Nature Nanotechnology 5, 574 (2010)
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Filtering Membranes-Example NanoCeram
Removing >99.9999% at 0.2 microns Removing >99.997% at 0.02 microns (Virus level) Lowest Pressure Drop - Comparable to a 2-3 µ/micronfilter Wide pH Ranges - Effective from pH 4 to pH 9 High Dirt Retention - Up to 25 times greater dirt holdingcapacity Heavy Metal Removal - Copper, Iron, Lead, TinNanoCeram® was developed to recycle drinking water on spacecraft
and was shown to remove >99.9999% of viruses
2 nm aluminum oxide fibres possess unusuallystrong bio-adhesive properties
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Nanoporous Si powder Li ion anodes
3 times the capacity of graphite electrodes and > 500cycles without degradation of the electrode structure
Madhuri Thakur et al, Nature Scientific Reports November 2012
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Elastomer reinforced with carbonnanotubes
James Tour
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Elastomer used in oil field o-rings
Annular blow out preventers
Operating conditions:20,000 psi 90 inch o-rings
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Nanostructured catalysts
Metal impregnated zeolite
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GoldCatalyst
s
M. Haruta
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Top-down fabrication ofnanostructures
http://www.icinsights.com/news/
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On-demand non-stationary transient event, not aparticleDmitri Lapotko http://lapotko.rice.edu
Laser pulse + gold = PlasmonicNanobubble
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Non-invasive rapid malaria diagnosis
E. Y. Lukianova-Hleb,….,Dmitri Lapotka, Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences, 111 900-905 (2014)