Applications of composites in missiles and space hardware.
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Applications of composite
materials in missile and space hardware
SHARATH.B.NM.Tech. 2nd semester
BMSCE
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Missiles – a brief history
Rocket used by Tipu Sultan’s army.
• References to missiles dates back to the Vedic age in India.
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• Fiber glass was used for filament winding of rocket motor cases in 1950s.
• Now Kv-Ep filament is used.
Trident I missile• Gr-Ep cloth readily conforms to the irregular shapes and reduces manufacturing
time by up to 50%.
• This results in 20% weight savings over Aluminum.
Image for representation(Integrated Publishing - Your source for military specifications and educational publications)
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• Today as much as 60% of the weight of this missile is of the composites.
• Sitka spruce laminated with Gl-Ep cloth is used in nose fairing.
• Polyphenylene sulphide matrix reinforced with 40% glass fiber is used in electronic packaging.
Trident 1 (Lockheed Martin)
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Tomahawk missile• Tail fins and elevons are made of molded and compression Gr-Ep respectively.
• Wings are made of adhesively bonded thermoplastics.
• Previously the tail fins, elevons and wings were made of Aluminum.
• The shaft used in turbo shaft engine uses Titanium metal matrix composites.
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Space hardware
• They are weight critical structures.
• Dominant parameters are high stiffness and low thermal distortion rather than strength.
• Other critical factors are thermal and electrical conductivity, stability under vacuum and space radiation.
International Space Station (Wikipedia)
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Satellites and communication systems
ATS support truss (Hercules, Inc.)
• The reflector support truss of Application Technology Satellite(ATS) used high modulus Gr-Ep tape.
• This is a high stiffness, low thermal expansion material.
• This resulted in weight saving of 50% over an equivalent Aluminum truss.
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Truss supporting the antenna dish (Hercules, Inc.)
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Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)
TDRSS antenna partially assembled (Hercules, Inc.)
• Composites are applied in antenna dish support ribs.
• The tube consists of lay-up of Gr-Ep, which weigh 181g.
TDRSS (Hercules, Inc.)
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Large Space Telescope (LST)
LST (Mayer, N.J.: Composite Materials in Space Structures)
• The LST uses Gr-Ep truss, which supports the primary and secondary mirrors.
• It is not possible to use conventional metals owing to their expansion or contraction.
• Gr-Ep has axial expansion of less than 2 microns.
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Space shuttle
Credit: NASA
• The space shuttle uses composites in many areas resulting in reduction of weight by 1633 kg.
• It uses Gr-Ep skins for the maneuvering system and Titanium tubes reinforced with B-Ep in the aft structure.
• The pressure vessels are made of Titanium wrapped with Kv-Ep.
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• The space shuttle has 242 uni-directional B-Al tubes which serve as main frame and nose landing gear struts.
• Its lower thermal conductivity helps in lower heat flow in to the payload bays, reducing thermal insulation requirements.
Courtesy: Mater. Eng., Jan 1980, p. 66
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Space shuttle cargo-bay doors (Aviation Week Technology, 1982)
• The cargo bay doors use Gr-Ep composite.
• They are each 18.3m long.
• Gr-Ep was chosen due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion, which prevents warping due to asymmetrical heating.
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