Visualization of a new generation of climate simulations with Avizo Green
Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium
-
Upload
vsg-visualization-sciences-group -
Category
Documents
-
view
996 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium
![Page 1: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SMR1 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium
A. Nadeev, I. Yakimchuk, D. Mikhailov, E. Chuvilin, D. Koroteev, D. Korobkov, V. ShakoSchlumberger Moscow Research
![Page 2: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SMR2 / 13
Schlumberger Public
X-ray attenuation bases
The value of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of every substance depends on chemical composition, material density and X-ray radiation energy:
μm – mass attenuation coefficient at given X-ray radiation (E) energy (cm2/g), ρ – material density (g/cm3)
)(Em
The best solutions is application of X-ray contrast agents –chemical composition change!
leII 0
I – X-ray radiation intensity after l length propagation, I0 – initial X-ray radiation intensity, μ – linear attenuation coefficient (cm-1), l – length of radiation propagation (cm)
![Page 3: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SMR3 / 13
Schlumberger Public
AimsExciting micro-CT images Additional/new measurements
• X-ray micro-CT based approach development for investigation of phases distribution inside porous space of rock samples
• identification of possible ways to improve X-ray contrast of phases (ice, gas hydrate, clays and etc.) in porous medium:to avoid disturbance of distribution or phases properties change
• application of X-ray contrast agents for distribution analysis of phases in 2D and 3D micro-CT images using Avizo Fire software
![Page 4: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SMR4 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Micro-CT experiment• SkyScan-1172 (Bruker micro-CT, Belgium) micro-CT
scanner• Parameters of our experiments:
• Source: 100 kV &100 A• Filter: built-in Al+Cu• Pixel size resolution: 3.0-3.5 m• 1200-1800 angular projections (3600)
• Modified Feldkamp reconstruction algorithm (Nrecon with InstaRecon engine, GPU base reconstruction)
• Image processing and visualization: Avizo Fire 7.0.0, CTAn, CTVox
• Special stages: SkyScan micro-CT cooling stage to investigate ice saturated samples
• Artificial and natural sandstones:• Samples contains ice and/or clay phases
SkyScan-1172 micro-CT scanner equipped by cooling stage
Sample
![Page 5: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SMR5 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Method for contrast improvement: ice saturation with ions of heavy metal
Appropriate time for saturation of frozen sample with Pb2+ ions is about 1 week
Cooling chamber, T = - 6oC
Sample
Ice which contains ions of heavy metal
Diffusion coefficient ofPb(NO3)2 in ice is0.2×10-5 cm2/sec-1
(Fick’s Law)
1% Pb(NO3)2
![Page 6: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SMR6 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Influence of heavy metal ions on ice visualization
Micro-CT images of ice contained sand samples without contrast agent (a) and saturated with lead ions (b)
spatialresolutionis 3.2m/pixel
averagegrain sizeis 300 m
![Page 7: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SMR7 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Influence of heavy elements on clay visualization
spatial resolution is3.2 m/pixel
5% water based claysolution
Distribution of modified clay in dried (a) and wet sample (b)
a b
A+B- +C+D-
A+1-xC+
xB-
ToC
A+B- – clay and C+D- – contrastagent compounds
![Page 8: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SMR8 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Application of Avizo Fire filters for reconstructed slice of sand sample
Experimental dataNon-Local Means Edge-Preserving
![Page 9: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SMR9 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Image segmentation using Avizo Fire
Non-Local Means Edge-preserving
![Page 10: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SMR10 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Avizo Fire permeability calculation (XLab Hydro application)
Permeability of rock is667 mD
Permeability of icesaturated rock is 83 mD
“Experimental” permeabilityin z direction for the model400x400x200 voxels:
![Page 11: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SMR11 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Ice distribution analysis
Ice content, %
Cutting from 3D image of sample
Cylinder height = 6 mm, diameter = 3 mm
Pore size distribution for two cases (15% of humidity): rock matrix porosity and remain porosity
taking into account the pore ice
Sam
ple l
engt
h, µ
m
![Page 12: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SMR12 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Clay distribution analysis
1 3 42
3
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Conc
etra
tion
of c
lay
Length of sample, mm
1 2 4
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Void
frac
tion,
%
Length from inlet, mm
1 2 3 4
There is a damage in sample inlet Spatial resolution is 3.2 m/pixel
3
![Page 13: Application of Avizo Fire image processing for substances investigation inside porous medium](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051817/547dc849b47959bb508b4a2a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SMR13 / 13
Schlumberger Public
Summary• Special approaches for improvement X-ray contrast of phases inside rock porous medium
were developed: clay contrasting is based on ions interchange/ adsorption reactions, for icevisualization is applied ions solid state diffusion
• Bruker micro-CT scanner SkyScan 1172 equipped with cooling stage can be used forinvestigation unconsolidated or low consolidated reservoir rock, where ice in porous mediumplays role of natural cement
• Unconsolidated rock properties such as: porosity, pore size distribution, residual watersaturation and, finally, building adequate 3D digital model can be achieved in case of correctmatrix-ice segmentation due to Avizo Fire software application
• XLab Hydro extension of Avizo Fire 7.0.0 can be applied for permeability calculation ofphases invaded rock