APPLICATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS-2

8/7/2019 APPLICATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS-2

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APPLICATION AND

IMPLICATIONS OF ICT


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Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, students should

be able to:

1. Describe the current and emerging

technological trends;

2. Assess the impact of ICT on job skills

and careers


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Current Technological Trends

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch

of computer science concerned eith

making computers behave like humans:It includes:

Game playing

Expert system programming computer tomake decisions in real-life situation Robotics programming comupters to see

and hear and react to other sensory stimuli.


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WhatisComputer-Aided

Designand Drafting (CADD)?

CADD is a term that refers to the use ofcomputers and graphics-oriented software toaid in the design process. CAD systems allow

engineers to create two-dimensional or three-dimensional electronic objects. They alsoenable the designers to view the objects fromdifferent perspectives.

Example uses of CAD: Vehicle design:


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WhataretheadvantagesofaCADD

system?

It allows a designer to modify the designmore easily than traditional manual drafting.

It allows a designer to view the object fromdifferent perspectives. Hence, the designerdoes not need to produce a differentdrawing for each view.

It allows a designer to change the size ofthe object.

It reduces the design time.


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WhatisComputer-Aided Manufacturing

(CAM)?

Computer-aided manufacturing is a term

that refers to the use of computers tocontrol equipment drilling, welding andmilling in the manufacturing process. Example uses of CAM

Vehicle welding


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WhataretheadvantagesofCAM?

The computer-controlled robot can performtasks with precision and it is more accuratethan a human.

The computer-controlled equipment canperform dangerous and repetitive tasks forhumans.

The computer-controlled equipment reduces

production costs because it does not requireany annual leave, sick leave and other fringebenefits.


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ComputerAssistedengineering

(CAE)

The use of computer to assist in data

acquisition, analysis, data manipulation,

processing, reporting andcommunication. Example to construct

maps etc.


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Telemarketing:

The use of telephone to market/sell

goods and services


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Teleconferencing

In which a television picture links two or

more physically separated parties to

conduct meeting. Video camera (web cam) on computers

allow teleconference over the internet.


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Impact of IT on the

workplace:

Jobs skills and careers


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Medical Personnel

Word-processing used to prepare

articles

Database searches and Informationretrieval

Communication using Fax, email,

newsgroup Use of hardware and software for

diagnosis


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LawEnforcement

Wordprocessing and document

preparation used for preparing case

report, letters etc;

Database: storing records and

conducting searches accessing recordkept on known offenders


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Movie Industry

Word-processing and document

preparation scripts

Animation

Accounting and bugetting


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Engineers

Software programming the ability to

design, test and; implement

Installing hardware and software

Manipulating peripherals such as:

sensor, graphic tablets etc.

Using communication systems (LAN,WAN, internet)


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Musicians

Compose music and prepare lyrics

Use MIDI hardware to produce music

and interfacing with computer systems toadd instrument sound, special effects

Storing and retrieving music tracks


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ComputerAssistedLearning (CAL)

What is CAL?

Computer assisted learning is a term which

refers to the use of computers in assistinglearning. For example, a teacher may use agraph plotting software to demonstrate thebehaviour of different functions in amathematics lesson; a student may use a drill-

and-practice program to practice what he/shehas just learnt from a lesson or use a tutorialprogram to enhance a skill or a subject.


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ComputersinEducation/Teaching

The capability of interacting with learners

makes computers as powerful tools for

enhancing the process of learning. Inaddition, computers also play an

important role in searching for

information and school administration.


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WhataretheadvantagesofCAL?

The multimedia contents, such as special soundeffects, animation and video can arouse students'

interest in learning. Tedious practices in arithmetic and spelling can be

turned into entertaining games. This makeslearning more exciting and interesting.

Some CAL software includes testing anddiagnostic features which allow teachers to identifycommon misconceptions of their students.

CAL can provide immediate feedback to students.


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WhataretheadvantagesofCAL?

Students can learn at their own pace. Thisalleviates the pressure on the slow learners sothat they can keep up with their peers.


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WhataretheadvantagesofCAM?

The computer-controlled robot can performtasks with precision and it is more accuratethan a human.

The computer-controlled equipment canperform dangerous and repetitive tasks forhumans.

The computer-controlled equipment reduces

production costs because it does not requireany annual leave, sick leave and other fringebenefits.


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Computersin Recreation

Recreation is another area of computer

application. You can play electronic golf

at home. You can play chess with thecomputer as your opponent. Some

software combines entertainment and

education.


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Computersin BusinessApplications

banking,

supermarkets and

transaction payments


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Internetbanking

What can Internet banking do for you?

It can help you:

transfer money from one account to another. pay bills now or schedule future payments.

check account balances and transactionhistory.

access previous account statements. request cheque books.

initiate stop payment requests.


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WhatcananATMdoforyou?

It can help you:

- withdraw cash.

- transfer money from one account to another. - pay bills.

- check account balances.

- request cheque books and bank statements. - change personal identification number.


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ComputersinOffice

Applications

Office automation (OA)

Office automation is the use of

hardware, software and networks toenhance general office works such as

communication among employees, and

documents typing and filing.


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ComputersinOffice

Use of wordprocessg, spreadsheet,

database, presentation

Budgeting

Communication via fax, email,

newsgroups


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Computersin ScientificApplications

Computers in Scientific Applications

Computers are used extensively in

science. For example, meteorologistsuse computers to study the formation of

tornadoes,Weather forecasting


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Creationofnewjobopportunities

Computer usage can lead to displacement of some jobs which areformerly performed by humans, but it also creates new job opportunities.Somebody has to be employed to develop software, operate and repaircomputers and their peripherals, market computers and software and so

on. The followings are some of the typical jobs generated by computers: Computer operators

System analysts

Application programmers

System programmers

Database administrators Network administrators

Customer service engineers

Web masters

Computer instructors


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Activity

1. Discuss three ways in which computers

can be used to:

a) Assist teachers in their jobsb) Help workers in the banking industry

c) Assist doctors

d) Assist police departmente) Assist accountants


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Distinguish between CAD and CAM.

Give three (3) advantages and three (3)

disadvantages of CAD and CAM.

Activity

APPLICATION AND IMPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS-2

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