Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards for Florida
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Transcript of Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards for Florida
FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER
Creating Energy Independence Since 1975
A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida
Appliance and Equipment Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards for FloridaEfficiency Standards for Florida
Jeff SonneJeff SonneSenior Research EngineerSenior Research Engineer
Florida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy Center
Florida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy Center
Energy institute of the State of FloridaEnergy institute of the State of Florida Largest and most active in nationLargest and most active in nation 30-year history of research and training 30-year history of research and training
excellenceexcellence Approximately 150 staffApproximately 150 staff
90 professionals 90 professionals 45 technical support and clerical staff45 technical support and clerical staff 15 graduate student assistants15 graduate student assistants
Florida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy CenterFlorida Solar Energy Center
Extensive Lab FacilitiesExtensive Lab FacilitiesExtensive Lab FacilitiesExtensive Lab Facilities
Applications ResearchApplications ResearchApplications ResearchApplications Research
Major Program AreasMajor Program AreasMajor Program AreasMajor Program Areas
Solar Thermal Heating SystemSolar Thermal Heating System Photovoltaics & Distributed Photovoltaics & Distributed
GenerationGeneration Energy-Efficient BuildingsEnergy-Efficient Buildings Hydrogen and Alternative FuelsHydrogen and Alternative Fuels Education and TrainingEducation and Training
OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
Cost Effective Energy Conservation Cost Effective Energy Conservation ProjectProject
Federal and State Standards BackgroundFederal and State Standards Background Energy Use of AppliancesEnergy Use of Appliances Standards Discussion / InputStandards Discussion / Input
Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project
Intent is to:Intent is to:
““provide technical, administrative and provide technical, administrative and logistical support the Florida Building logistical support the Florida Building Commission and the Department of Commission and the Department of Community Affairs for energy conservation Community Affairs for energy conservation related tasks…directed by the Governor in related tasks…directed by the Governor in Executive Order 07-127.”Executive Order 07-127.”
Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project
Four project tasks:Four project tasks:
1.1. Develop model ordinance(s) to promote Develop model ordinance(s) to promote participation in “Green Building” programsparticipation in “Green Building” programs
2.2. Evaluate the standard for energy efficiency Evaluate the standard for energy efficiency of the Florida Energy Code and national of the Florida Energy Code and national model codes and standardsmodel codes and standards
3.3. Develop a public awareness websiteDevelop a public awareness website
4.4. Identify and review new or updated energy Identify and review new or updated energy conservation standards for products.conservation standards for products.
Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project Cost Effective Energy Cost Effective Energy Conservation Project Conservation Project
Task 4:Task 4: ““Identify efficiency improvements that could be Identify efficiency improvements that could be
anticipated by implementation of new standards anticipated by implementation of new standards consistent with the Governor’s Executive Order 07-consistent with the Governor’s Executive Order 07-127…”127…”
““Identify potential energy efficiency standards for Identify potential energy efficiency standards for products and systems components that use electricity products and systems components that use electricity pursuant to…07-127…”pursuant to…07-127…”
“…“…energy using products including, but not limited to, energy using products including, but not limited to, residential pool pumps, pool heaters, spas and residential pool pumps, pool heaters, spas and commercial and residential appliances.”commercial and residential appliances.”
U.S. “Energy Pie”U.S. “Energy Pie”U.S. “Energy Pie”U.S. “Energy Pie”
Florida’s Energy PieFlorida’s Energy PieFlorida’s Energy PieFlorida’s Energy Pie
Distribution of Florida Primary Energy Use, 1999
47.5%
17.6%
34.9%
2005 Florida Electricity Profile2005 Florida Electricity Profile2005 Florida Electricity Profile2005 Florida Electricity Profile
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/st_profiles/florida.html
Net Summer Capability: Net Summer Capability: 53,220 MW53,220 MW Net Generation: Net Generation: 220,256,411 MWh220,256,411 MWh EmissionsEmissions
Carbon Dioxide:Carbon Dioxide: 130,325 Thousand MT130,325 Thousand MT Nitrogen Oxide:Nitrogen Oxide: 227 Thousand MT227 Thousand MT Sulfur Dioxide:Sulfur Dioxide: 412 Thousand MT412 Thousand MT
Florida ranks 2nd of all states in net Florida ranks 2nd of all states in net generation and 3rd in capabilitygeneration and 3rd in capability
2005 Florida Emissions2005 Florida Emissions2005 Florida Emissions2005 Florida Emissions
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/st_profiles/florida.html
Florida ranks 3rd Florida ranks 3rd in carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide and nitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissionsoxide emissions
Florida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy Use
AC (33%)
Other (34%)
Heat (7%)
DHW (13%)
Range (2%)Dryer (5%)
Pool (7%)
Total = 17,130 kWh
Parker, D., "Research Highlights from a Large Scale Residential Monitoring Study in a Hot Climate “Florida Solar Energy Center, FSEC-pf-369-02, Jan. 01, 2002
Florida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy UseFlorida Home Energy Use
Florida Codes & Standards: 1979 - 2007
13182
4421
2869
2420
7458
8303
2430
565
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1979 Code 2007 Code
Cooling Heating Hot Water All Other
Ann
ual E
nerg
y U
se (
kWh/
yr)
In 1979 Other = 28% of totalIn 2007 Other = 52% of total
Fairey, P., J. Sonne, "Effectiveness of Florida's Residential Energy Code: 1979 - 2007“ Florida Solar Energy Center, FSEC-CR-1717-07, May. 15, 2007
Florida Pool Energy UseFlorida Pool Energy UseFlorida Pool Energy UseFlorida Pool Energy Use
1999 utility study results showing pool electrical demand – 24% had pools with avg. use of 4,200 kWh/yr; 7% had
electrically heated hot tubs with avg. use of 2,150 kWh/yr.
Parker, D., "Research Highlights from a Large Scale Residential Monitoring Study in a Hot Climate “Florida Solar Energy Center, FSEC-pf-369-02, Jan. 01, 2002
Home “Other” Use IncreasingHome “Other” Use IncreasingHome “Other” Use IncreasingHome “Other” Use Increasing
Utility study results showing lighting, refrigerator and plug loads use increased by an average of 8.2 Wh/day
or about 17% over the 1999 monitoring period.
Parker, D., "Research Highlights from a Large Scale Residential Monitoring Study in a Hot Climate “Florida Solar Energy Center, FSEC-pf-369-02, Jan. 01, 2002
Standards BackgroundStandards BackgroundStandards BackgroundStandards Background
History of effective and successful state appliance History of effective and successful state appliance and equipment efficiency standards starting in the and equipment efficiency standards starting in the 1970s (e.g. refrigerators)1970s (e.g. refrigerators)
Standards led to support for and enactment of Standards led to support for and enactment of national standards in 1987, 1988, 1992 and 2005national standards in 1987, 1988, 1992 and 2005
Overall federal appliance and equipment efficiency Overall federal appliance and equipment efficiency standards projected to save 9.1% of total U.S. standards projected to save 9.1% of total U.S. electricity use and reduce COelectricity use and reduce CO22 emissions by 316 emissions by 316 million metric tons in 2020million metric tons in 2020
Overall savings to consumers and businesses from Overall savings to consumers and businesses from these existing standards will approach $250 billion by these existing standards will approach $250 billion by 2020.2020.
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Standards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards Selection
If a national standard exists, states can only If a national standard exists, states can only enforce a tougher standard by first petitioning enforce a tougher standard by first petitioning the U.S. DOE for a waiverthe U.S. DOE for a waiver
Thus our focus is on items not currently Thus our focus is on items not currently regulated and possibly those that DOE has regulated and possibly those that DOE has not updated (transformer Final Rule 10/12/07)not updated (transformer Final Rule 10/12/07)
Opportunities for greater saturation of efficient Opportunities for greater saturation of efficient appliances or requirements not covered for appliances or requirements not covered for that appliance.that appliance.
Standards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards Selection
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Products Included in National Appliance Energy
Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987
Refrigerators-freezers Clothes washers
Freezers Clothes dryers
Room air conditioners Dishwashers
Central ACs & HPs Ranges & ovens
Furnaces and boilers Pool heaters
Water heaters Fluorescent lamp ballasts
Direct-fired space heaters Televisions*
* Specific standards not set, but DOE instructed to investigate whether standards were technically * Specific standards not set, but DOE instructed to investigate whether standards were technically feasible and economically justified, and to set standards where these criteria were met.feasible and economically justified, and to set standards where these criteria were met.
Standards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards Selection
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Products Added in the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992
Fluorescent lamps Showerheads
Incandescent reflector lamps Faucets & aerators
Electric motors (1-200 hp) Toilets
Commercial packaged AC/HPs Distribution transformers*
Commercial furnaces & boilers Small electric motors (<1 hp)*
Commercial water heaters High-intensity discharge lamps*
* Specific standards not set, but DOE instructed to investigate whether standards were technically * Specific standards not set, but DOE instructed to investigate whether standards were technically feasible and economically justified, and to set standards where these criteria were met.feasible and economically justified, and to set standards where these criteria were met.
Standards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards Selection
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Products with Standards Set in the Energy Policy Act
(EPAct) of 2005
Ceiling fan light kits Dehumidifiers
Compact fluorescent lamps Torchiere lighting fixtures
Com. AC/HPs (unitary 240-760 kBtu/hr) Commercial clothes washers
Distribution transformers (low voltage) Exit signs
Fl. Lamp ballasts (F34 and F96ES types) Ice-makers (cube type- 50-2,500 lbs/day)
Mercury vapor lamp ballasts Pedestrian traffic signals
Pre-rinse spray valves Com. frigs and freezers (packaged)
Traffic signals Unit heaters
Standards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards SelectionStandards Selection
Provide significant and very cost-effective Provide significant and very cost-effective energy savings for purchasers/usersenergy savings for purchasers/users
Readily available products that meet the Readily available products that meet the standardstandard
Easily developed and implemented at low cost Easily developed and implemented at low cost to the state (either another state or national to the state (either another state or national voluntary standard is already in use voluntary standard is already in use elsewhere).elsewhere).
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Leading the Way: Continued Opportunities for New State Leading the Way: Continued Opportunities for New State Appliance and Equipment Efficiency StandardsAppliance and Equipment Efficiency Standards
March 2006March 2006
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy and and
Appliance Standards Awareness ProjectAppliance Standards Awareness Project
http://www.standardsasap.org/documents/leading_2006.htm
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
DVD Players and Recorders StandardDVD Players and Recorders Standard
All DVD players and recorders will All DVD players and recorders will meet Energy Star maximum standby meet Energy Star maximum standby mode power level of 3 W mode power level of 3 W
Incremental cost: $1 / 1.0 year paybackIncremental cost: $1 / 1.0 year payback 2020 energy savings: 14.3 GWh2020 energy savings: 14.3 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 8,808 metric tons: 8,808 metric tons NOx: 3.1 metric tonsNOx: 3.1 metric tons SO2: 32.0 metric tonsSO2: 32.0 metric tons
Currently adopted in 3 states / pending in 2 states Currently adopted in 3 states / pending in 2 states
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Single-Voltage External AC to DC Power StandardSingle-Voltage External AC to DC Power Standard
Minimum active mode efficiency and Minimum active mode efficiency and maximum no-load mode energy maximum no-load mode energy consumption based on output Wattage. consumption based on output Wattage.
Incremental cost: $0.5 / 1.2 year paybackIncremental cost: $0.5 / 1.2 year payback 2020 energy savings: 279.4 GWh2020 energy savings: 279.4 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 169,187 metric tons: 169,187 metric tons NONOxx: 59.7 metric tons: 59.7 metric tons SOSO22: 624.7 metric tons: 624.7 metric tons
Currently adopted in 10 states / pending in 3 statesCurrently adopted in 10 states / pending in 3 states
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
State-Regulated Incandescent Reflector Lamps State-Regulated Incandescent Reflector Lamps StandardStandard
Most BR, BPAR, ER and R20 lampsMost BR, BPAR, ER and R20 lampsmeet the same efficacy requirementsmeet the same efficacy requirementsas R lamps (some exceptions) as R lamps (some exceptions)
Incremental cost: $1.0 / 0.1 year paybackIncremental cost: $1.0 / 0.1 year payback 2020 energy savings: 327.5 GWh2020 energy savings: 327.5 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: : 198,547 metric tons198,547 metric tons NONOxx: : 69.9 metric tons69.9 metric tons SOSO22: : 732.2 metric tons732.2 metric tons
Currently adopted in 9 states / pending in 4 statesCurrently adopted in 9 states / pending in 4 states
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Walk-In Refrigerators and Freezers StandardWalk-In Refrigerators and Freezers Standard
Prescriptive standard based on CEC Prescriptive standard based on CEC standard with insulation and lightingstandard with insulation and lightingefficacy modificationsefficacy modifications
Incremental cost: $957 / 1.4 year Incremental cost: $957 / 1.4 year paybackpayback
2020 energy savings: 235.2 GWh2020 energy savings: 235.2 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 142,396 metric tons: 142,396 metric tons NONOxx: 50.2 metric tons: 50.2 metric tons SOSO22: 525.8 metric tons: 525.8 metric tons
Currently adopted in 5 states / pending in 4 statesCurrently adopted in 5 states / pending in 4 states
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Gas-Fired Pool Heater StandardGas-Fired Pool Heater Standard
Two-part standard that disallows constantTwo-part standard that disallows constantburning pilot lights and requires a minimum burning pilot lights and requires a minimum 80% thermal efficiency80% thermal efficiency
Incremental cost: $295 / 2.5 year paybackIncremental cost: $295 / 2.5 year payback 2020 energy savings: 453.8 Million CF2020 energy savings: 453.8 Million CF 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 21,286 metric tons: 21,286 metric tons NONOxx: 7.1 metric tons: 7.1 metric tons SOSO22: 0.1 metric tons: 0.1 metric tons
National standard thermal efficiency minimum is 78% (requiresNational standard thermal efficiency minimum is 78% (requireswaiver); California prohibits constant burning pilot lightswaiver); California prohibits constant burning pilot lights
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Portable Electric Spas StandardPortable Electric Spas Standard
Maximum standby energy Maximum standby energy consumption of 5 * (Vconsumption of 5 * (V2/32/3) Watts) Wattswhere “V” is spa volume where “V” is spa volume
Incremental cost: $100 / 4.2 year paybackIncremental cost: $100 / 4.2 year payback 2020 energy savings: 6.8 GWh2020 energy savings: 6.8 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 4,037 metric tons: 4,037 metric tons NONOxx: 1.5 metric tons: 1.5 metric tons SOSO22: 15.2 metric tons: 15.2 metric tons
Currently adopted in 3 states / pending in 1 stateCurrently adopted in 3 states / pending in 1 state
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
Sample StandardsSample StandardsSample StandardsSample Standards
Residential Pool Pumps StandardResidential Pool Pumps Standard
Two-part standard that bans split-phaseTwo-part standard that bans split-phaseand capacitor start-induction run motors,and capacitor start-induction run motors,and requires two-speed pumps/controlsand requires two-speed pumps/controls
Incremental cost: $664 / 6.5 year paybackIncremental cost: $664 / 6.5 year payback 2020 energy savings: 768 GWh2020 energy savings: 768 GWh 2020 emissions reductions2020 emissions reductions
COCO22: 579,126 metric tons: 579,126 metric tons NONOxx: 699.1 metric tons: 699.1 metric tons SOSO22: 1,831.1 metric tons: 1,831.1 metric tons
Currently adopted in 2 states / pending in 1 stateCurrently adopted in 2 states / pending in 1 state
Source: ACEEE / ASAP “Leading the Way” report, March 2006
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