APPENDIX - JICA · 2016. 10. 11. · 9 Ms. Yasumi TSUTSUI Environmental/ Social-condition NJS...

Preparatory Survey on Pokhara Water Supply Improvement Project in Nepal Appendix

APPENDIX


Appendix

A-1 Member List of the Survey Team .................................................................................................. A-1

A-2 Survey Schedule ............................................................................................................................ A-4

A-3 List of Parties Concerned in the Recipient Country ...................................................................... A-8

A-4 Minutes of Discussions ............................................................................................................... A-10

A-4-1 Minutes of Discussions on the First Preparatory Survey ..................................................... A-10

A-4-2 Minutes of Discussions on the Second Preparatory Survey ................................................. A-24

A-4-3 Minutes of Discussions on the Schematic Design Overview ............................................... A-52

A-5 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan ........................................................................... A-108

A-6 Other Relevant Data .................................................................................................................. A-116

A-6-1 Land Acquisition Monitoring Form ................................................................................... A-116

A-6-2 Monitoring Form (Draft) .................................................................................................... A-120

A-6-3 JICA Environmental Checklist........................................................................................... A-125

A-6-4 Seismic Capacity of Pipes Selected in the Project ............................................................. A-135

A-6-5 Setting Basis of Water Leakage Rate after Completion of the Project .............................. A-136

A-6-6 Water Quality of the Mardi River and Others .................................................................... A-141

A-6-7 Result of Soil Survey ......................................................................................................... A-151

A-6-8 Estimated Income & Expenditure Statement by Water Tariff Scenario Estimated ........... A-199

A-6-9 Report of Social Condition Survey .................................................................................... A-211

A-6-10 Future measures for water services improvement of Pokhara City (Suggestion) ............ A-246

A-6-11 Result of Capacity Assessment ........................................................................................ A-251

A-6-12 Basis for Calculation of O&M Cost ................................................................................. A-254

A-6-13 Calculation of Quantitative Effect Index (Frequency of Water Supply) .......................... A-257

A-7 References ................................................................................................................................. A-259


A-1

A-1 Member List of the Survey Team

(1) The First Preparatory Survey (2015)

No. Name Duty Occupation Term

1 Mr. Shigeyuki

MATSUMOTO

Team Leader Senior Advisor, JICA 2-Apr to 11-Apr

2 Mr. Sadanobu

SAWARA

Water Supply/

Business Administration

Senior Advisor, JICA 2-Apr to 11-Apr

3 Ms. Momoko

OTSUKA

Survey Planning Water Resources Management Division 1,

Global Environmental Department, JICA

2-Apr to 11-Apr

4 Mr. Toru

YAGI

Chief Consultant /

Water Supply Planning

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 2-Apr to 6-Jun

5 Mr. Shinichi

OSAKA

Deputy Chief Consultant / Planning and Design of Water Supply Facility

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 2-Apr to 21-Apr

3-May to 6-Jun

6 Mr. Satoru

ONIKI

Planning of O&M NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 21-Apr to 12-May

7 Mr. Kengo

FUJIKAWA

Planning and Design of Pipes NJS Consultants Co., Ltd.

2-Apr to 4-Jun

8 Mr. Tsutomu

KAMEYAMA

Planning of River/ Flood Control Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. 2-Apr to 21-Apr

9 Ms. Yasumi

TSUTSUI

Environmental/ Social-condition NJS Consultants Co., Ltd.

21-Apr to 25-May

10 Ms. Izumi

TAKAI

Business Administration and

Finance

Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. 16-Apr to 30-Apr

11 Mr. Shinji

ASANO

Estimation/ Procurement/

Construction Planning

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 8-May to 22-May

12 Mr. Kenta

HAYASHI

Coordination/Estimation

Assistant

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 2-Apr to 30-May


A-2

(2) The Second Preparatory Survey (2015)


1 Mr. Shigeyuki

MATSUMOTO

Team Leader Senior Advisor, JICA 12-Jul to 17-Jul

2 Mr. Sadanobu

SAWARA

Water Supply/

Business Administration

Senior Advisor, JICA 12-Jul to 17-Jul

3 Ms. Momoko

OTSUKA



12-Jul to 17-Jul

4 Mr. Toru

YAGI

Chief Consultant /

Water Supply Planning

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 9-Jul to 11-Sep

5 Mr. Shinichi

OSAKA

Deputy Chief Consultant / Planning and Design of Water Supply Facility

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 11-Jul to 25-Aug

6 Mr. Satoru

ONIKI

Planning of O&M NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 27-Jul to 22-Aug

7 Mr. Kengo

FUJIKAWA

Planning and Design of Pipes NJS Consultants Co., Ltd.

9-Jul to 11-Sep

8 Mr. Tsutomu

KAMEYAMA

Planning of River/ Flood Control Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. 16-Jul to 4-Aug

9 Mr. Akira

HASEBE

Planning and Design of

Electrical Facilities

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd.

27-Jul to 21-Aug

10 Ms. Yasumi

TSUTSUI


15-Jul to 3-Aug

11 Ms. Izumi

TAKAI

Business Administration and

Finance

Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. 29-Jul to 22-Aug

12 Mr. Shinji

ASANO

Estimation/ Procurement/

Construction Planning


13 Mr. Kenta

HAYASHI

Coordination/Estimation

Assistant



A-3

(3) The Third Preparatory Survey (2016) (DOD Surveys)


1 Mr. Shigeyuki

MATSUMOTO

Team Leader Senior Advisor, JICA 3-Jul to 10-Jul

2 Ms. Yasuyo

KAWAMURA



3-Jul to 10-Jul

3 Mr. Toru

YAGI

Chief Consultant / Water Supply

Planning

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 29-Jun to 10-Jul

4 Mr. Shinichi

OSAKA

Deputy Chief Consultant /

Planning and Design of Water

Supply Facility

NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. 29-Jun to 10-Jul

5 Ms. Yasumi

TSUTSUI


29-Jun to 10-Jul


A-4

A-2 Survey Schedule

(1) The First Preparatory Survey


A-5


A-6

(2) The Second Preparatory Survey


A-7


A-8

(3) The Third Preparatory Survey (DOD Survey)

A-3 List of Parties Concerned in the Recipient Country

(1) The First Preparatory Survey

Ministry of Urban Development

1 Mr. Ram Chandra Devkota Joint Secretary Chief, Water and Environment

Division

2 Mr. Nawai Kishor Mishra Joint Secretary

Nepal Water Supply Corporation (NWSC)

Head Office

1 Dr. Er. Parameshor Pokharel Chairman

2 Mr. Jhalak Ram Adhikari Chief Executive Officer

3 Mr. Arjun Babu Dhakal General Manager

4 Dr. Bhupendra Prasad Acting Manager

Pokhara Office

1 Mr. Buddha Ratna Maharjan Office Chief

2 Mr. Dineshwar Yadar Acting Office Chief, Engineer

Mr.

MATSUMOTO

Ms.

KAWAMURA

Mr.

YAGI

Mr.

OSAKA

Ms. TSUTSUI

1 29-Jun Wed Mr.Yagi, Mr.Osaka, Ms.Tsutsui : Transfer from Haneda to Kathmandu ◯ ◯ ◯

2 30-Jun Thu Meeting in NWSC Headquarters ◯ ◯ ◯

3 1-Jul Fri Meeting with NWSC Headquarters ◯ ◯ ◯

4 2-Jul Sat Revising Draft Final Reports, etc ◯ ◯ ◯

5 3-Jul Sun Mr.Matsumoto, Ms.Kawamoto : Transfer from Haneda to Kathmandu ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

6 4-Jul MonMeeting at JICA Nepal OfficeMeeting at Water and Sewerage Ministry, NWSC Headquarters

◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

7 5-Jul TueMeeting at NESC HeadquartersMeeting at Ministry of Finance

◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

8 6-Jul Wed M/D signature (Water and Sewerage Ministry) ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

9 7-Jul Thu End of Ramadan holiday ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

10 8-Jul Fri Meeting with Ministry of Finance, Report to the Embassy ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

11 9-Jul Sat ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

12 10-Jul Sun ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯

Members

Transfer from Kathmandu to Haneda

No. Date Day Schedule


A-9

(2) The Second Preparatory Survey

Ministry of Urban Development

1 Mr. Ram Chandra Devkota Joint Secretary Chief, Water and Environment Division

2 Mr. Nawai Kishor Mishra Joint Secretary


Head Office

1 Dr. Er. Parameshor Pokharel Chairman



4 Mr. Ishwar Prasad Acting Deputy Manager

Pokhara Office

1 Mr. Buddha Ratna Maharjan Office Chief

2 Mr. Dineshwar Yadar Acting Office Chief, Engineer

(3) The Third Preparatory Survey

Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation (MoWSS)

1 Mr. Rajan Raj Pandey Joint Secretary


Head Office



3 Mr. Ishwar Prasad Acting Deputy Manager


A-10

A-4 Minutes of Discussions

A-4-1 Minutes of Discussions on the First Preparatory Survey


A-11


A-12


A-13


A-14


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A-16


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A-4-2 Minutes of Discussions on the Second Preparatory Survey


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Pre

para

tory

Sur

vey

on P

okha

ra W

ater

Sup

ply

Impr

ovem

ent

Pro

ject

in

Nep

al

App

endi

x

A-4

1

Pre

para

tory

Sur

vey

on P

okha

ra W

ater

Sup

ply

Impr

ovem

ent

Pro

ject

in

Nep

al

App

endi

x

A-4

2


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A-4-3 Minutes of Discussions on the Schematic Design Overview


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Preparatory Survey on P

okhara Water Supply Im

provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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provement P

roject in Nepal

Appendix

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A-106


A-107


A-108

A-5 Soft Component (Technical Assistance) Plan

1. Background of Planning Soft Component

The Project covers construction of a new WTP and reservoirs, improvement of transmission and distribution pipelines, and provision of customer meters in Pokhara City and its surrounding two villages. The Project contributes to the improvement of the NWSC Pokhara Branch’s financial situation and living environment for citizens of Pokhara by improving the water supply system (such as drinking water quality and water supply conditions).

1) Current Condition

Water supply service in Pokhara is operated by NWSC Pokhara Branch, and the branch has the following technical problems on their services.

a. Water quality: the system does not have a water treatment plant and supplying water is unsafe and high turbidity, especially in rainy season.

b. Inhomogeneous water supply: water supply in the service area is uneven water supply, due to lack of capacity in the water sources, lack of capacity in the existing pipeline network, and inadequate operation of the water distribution.

c. Lack of capacity of facilities: current water demand assumes about 62,000m3/day assumed from service population of 304,900, daily average water consumption of 130 L/capita/day and leakage of 36 %. But actual water supply is about 54,120m3/day. The current supply capacity is short.

d. High rate of leakage: The current rate of leakage assumed about 36%, and more than a half of the raw water is unaccounted for water.

e. O&M capacity: operation/maintenance of water supply facilities in Pokhara is done without manual/Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Instructions to operators are given in verbal and symptomatic way. There is no systematic training program. Also there is no regular inspection and maintenance record.

Furthermore, it can be expected to improve in business conditions of NWSC Pokhara Branch by improving such technical problems. In particular, lack of the appropriate water distribution technology and high leakage rate has become a major cause of the short of income, by improving these causes. Improvement of business conditions can be expected, and NWSC Pokhara Branch becomes better management conditions.

2) Necessity of Soft Component

The Project will cover the construction of water supply facilities, water reservoirs and installation of clear water transmission pipes, distribution pipes. The outline scope of the Project is shown in Table.

Table-1 Outline of the Project Facilities/ Items Contents of the Proposed Facilities

Facilities Construction Raw Water Transmission Pipe Dia. 800mm, Length 1.2km

(Replacement)

Grit Chamber/ Sedimentation Tank 42,000m3/day

WTP Slow Sand Filter 41,000m3/day

Clear Water Transmission Pipe Dia. 300-500mm, Length 7.9km

Reservoir, Overhead Tank Water Reservoir: 2 tanks Overhead Tank :1 tank

Distribution Main Dia. 150-500mm, Length 49.8km

Distribution Sub Main Dia. 50-150mm, Length 52.9km

Service Pipe 7,300 Locations


A-109

Facilities/ Items Contents of the Proposed Facilities

Facilities Rehabilitation Existing Reservoir 2 nos

Rehabilitation of Chlorination Facilities Flow Metter Dia. 200-400mm

Existing Elevated Tank Flow Metter Dia. 200mm, Dia. 400

Existing Tube Well 3 nos Flow Meter

Material and Equipment Procurement

Customer Meter 9,000 units

Water Quality Analysis Equipment 1 lot

Small Size Excavator 2 units

Pipe Detector 2 units

Valve Detector 2 units

Soft Component (S/C) - O&M of Constructed Facilities - O&M of Distribution System - Quality Control of Service Pipe

Installation - Water Quality Analysis

Detailed Design and Construction Supervision 1 set Presently, NWSC Pokhara Branch does not own a grit chamber, sedimentation tank and WTP (slow sand filter). Therefore, they do not have any knowledge and or experience to operate and maintain the facilities, requiring the training for NWSC staff. Knowledge on water quality management is also required for them including measuring and control of water quality at the plant, reservoirs and tap. After completion of the Project, an effective and fair water distribution to meet demand by sub-service area is required. Moreover, a proper installation method shall be applied for house connections to improve current high water leakage in the distribution network. Activities related to soft component are necessary for NWSC to improve and enhance the capacity of operation and maintenance of the water supply facilities. 2. Target of Soft Component

This soft component provides technical guidance and training program relating to the operation and maintenance of water supply facilities, improvement of water quality, improvement of water supply frequency, after construction, commissioning, hand-over of water facilities developed in this project. The goal of this project is intended to help the improvement of water quality and reduction of the leakage, and to the improve its management of NWSC Pokhara Branch. 3. Target of Soft Component

The purpose of the soft Component is to provide technical staff of NWSC Pokhara Branch with the technical knowledge for proper and effective operation and maintenance of newly constructed water supply facilities. Concretely, technology transfer will be implemented on “O&M of WTP”, “O&M of Water Distribution System”, “Installation of Hose Connections” and “Water Quality Monitoring and Control”, and the following target. “Technical staff in NWSC Pokhara Branch obtain , a new operation and maintenance of construction and water purification facilities, operation and maintenance of appropriate water distribution system, appropriate water supply pipe laying, and the knowledge and necessary to the regular water supply water quality measurement and water quality management by learning the technology, which is the main business objectives improvement of water supply water quality, improvement of water supply frequency, reduction of water leakage, and NWSC management improvement of Pokhara branch office will be able to achieve.”


A-110

4. Assessment of Achievement

Table-2 shows the results and its assessment of the achievement of this soft component. Trainer will uses achievement checklist and assess the trainees’ understanding of the knowledge and technology.

Table-2 Soft Component and the Expected Result

Expected Result Assessment of Achievement

Result 1: O&M of WTP Able to properly operate and maintain water treatment facilities and produce good quality of drinking water continuously.

・Confirm the understanding of trainees by questions and answers on topics

lectures ・Confirm the understanding of trainees by actual O&M works of WTP

facilities and its reports. (Judgments will be made using the checklists)

Result 2: O&M of Water Distribution System Able to properly operate and maintain water distribution facilities and supply water efficiently.


lectures ・Confirm the understanding of trainees by actual O&M works of water

distribution facilities and its reports. (Judgments will be made using the checklists)

Result 3: Installation of House Connections To reduce water leakage from house connections by gaining proper house connection techniques.

・Confirm the understanding of trainees by actual house connection installation

works. (Judgments will be made using the checklists)

Result 4: Water Quality Monitoring and Control To control water quality continuously by regular water monitoring of treatment and distribution network.


lectures ・Confirm the understanding of trainees by actual measurement of its data.

(Judgments will be made using the checklists)

5. Activities of Soft Component

Soft components, Water Supply Consulting Engineers (Japanese consultants: water treatment process, water distribution system, house connection pipe, water quality), four Japanese consultants directly work for the period of 12.0 months, including works in Japan. Nepali local consultants and interpreter/translator will be hired to support in Japan consultants in local work each 10.5 months. Action plan is shown in Table-3.


A-111

Table-3 Activities of Soft Component

Item Description Achievement Method Required Input Remarks

1. O&

M of C

onstructed Facilities

- to understand the component of water treatment facilities and objectives/function of each facilities

- to adequately control raw water intake to maintain required water production.

- to operate grit chamber/sedimentation tank running and cleaning.

- to operate roughing filters running and washing the filters to maintain required water.

- to operate slow sand filters running and cleaning the filters to maintain required water.

- to control chlorination system to maintain clear water to drinking water standard.

- to implement daily inspection and keep records of each component of water supply facilities

- to check water quality on turbidity, colour, pH and residual chlorine at each treatment process.

- Training Plan - Training Manual

(Operation Guideline)

- Reporting Format (Daily/Monthly Report)

- Trainees’ evaluation

- Classroom Training

- OJT at WTP - Trainee

Plant Manager/ Operators/ Operator Assistant (total: 15)

- Water Treatment Specialist (Japanese Consultant)

Planning: 1 x 0.5 month Training: 1 x 2 months in dry season/1 x 2 months in rainy season

- Local Consultant Translation: 1 x 4 months

OIC/Operators/ Operator Assistant should be assigned before implementation of this course.

2. O&

M of D

istribution System

- to understand the component of water distribution facilities and objectives/function of each facilities

- to understand how to control clear water to distribute in the network.

- to adequately operate clear water transmission lines to maintain water level in water reservoirs.

- to adequately monitor flow and pressure in the distribution system.

- to properly clean distribution pipes. - to properly monitor water leakage.


(Maintenance Guideline)

- Reporting Format (Maintenance Report)



- OJT at WTP - Trainee

OIC/Supervisor/ Fitter/Labour (total: 10)

- Water Distribution Specialist (Japanese Consultant)

Planning: 1 x 0.5 month Training: 1 x 1.5 months in dry season/ 1 x 1.5 months in rainy season

- Local Consultant Translation: 1 x 3 months

OIC/Supervisor/ Fitter/Labour should be assigned before implementation of this course.


A-112

Item Description Achievement Method Required Input Remarks

3. Quality C

ontrol of S

ervice Pipe

Installation

- to understand the boundary limit of NWSDB and house-owners

- to understand importance of water meters - to install house connections - to install/repair water meters - to implement pressure test - to prepare/store the installation record


(House Connection Guideline)

- Reporting Format (Service Report)



- OJT at field - Trainee Supervisor/

Fitter/Labour (total: 22)

- Piping Specialist (Japanese Consultant)

Planning: 1 x 0.5 month Training: 1 x 2 months - Local Consultant Translation: 1 x 2 months

Supervisor/ Fitter/Labour should be assigned before implementation of this course.

4. Water Q

uality Analysis

- to understand the importance of monitor and control water quality

- to set regular water quality monitoring points in the distribution network.

- to understand the component of water supply facilities and objectives/function of each facilities

- to set the water quality target at each treatment process.


(House Connection Guideline)

- Reporting Format (Service Report)



- OJT at WTP - Trainee Chemist/ Assistant (total: 4) Plat Manage/

Operators/ Operator Assistant

(total: 10)

- Water Quality Specialist (Japanese Consultant)

- Water Treatment Specialist (Japanese Consultants)

Planning: 1 x 0.5 month Training: 1 x 1 month - Local Consultant Translation: 1 x 1 month

Plant manager/ Chemist/ Assistants should be assigned before implementation of this course.


A-113

6. Procurement of Resources for Soft Component

Soft component will be implemented through direct-assistant by four Japanese consultants with assistance

of Nepali consultants and interpreter/translator, because the technology is hardly implemented by the Nepali

consultant alone.

7. Schedule of Project and Soft Component

Overall schedule of this Project is shown in Table-4.

Table-4 Overall Schedule of the Project

Soft component will be stared in 35th month from this project start for dry season component and in 43th

month for rainy season component. However, for the "water quality analysis and control" will start in 27th

month to collect water quality data necessary for WTP operation.

In implementing the soft component, first, starts developing a training plan in Japan, to determine the

specific implementation processes and training procedures.

Then, the technology transfer related to the operation and maintenance will be performed using the actual

facility after the construction of major facilities has been completed. ("O&M of water treatment plant",

"O&M of water distribution system", and "water quality analysis and control"). As for "O&M of water

treatment plant", due to change the quality of raw water in the dry season and rainy season, at first, training

of water treatment technology by slow filtration is implemented considering that the operation is relatively

easy in dry season. Then, training will be done to monitor the status of the raw water turbidity, to understand

the measures necessary situation of water intake and to determine limit or stop the raw water at high

turbidity of the rainy season. In addition, by operating grit chamber and sedimentation basin (pre-treatment)

of the raw water with high turbidity, sent to slow sand filter.

In order to perform the water purification process, this pre-treatment facility operation and maintenance

technology shall be studied. In addition, in the water distribution system is also the dry season and the rainy

0 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44

（Field Survey）

（Detail Design in Japan）

【Detail Design】

（Field Survey） Total 6 Months

0 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44

（Prepartaion Works）

（Construction of Grit Chamber/Sedimentation Tank）

（Installation of Raw Water Transmission Pipe）

(Construction of Water Treatment Plant（C & A))

　【Construction Works】

(Construction of Water Treatment Plant（M & E)) Total 　30 Months

（Construction of Transmission ＆ Distribution Facilities）

（Test Run & Inspection）

（Procurement of Equioment）【Procurement】

Total　19 Months

（Soft Component）

【Soft Component】

Total 4.75 Months

43 45 46

43 45 4632

Cons

tructio

n w

ork

s , P

rocurm

ent a

nd S

oft C

om

pone

nts

Deta

il Desig

n

5 6 7 15 19 27

5 6 7 15 19 3227


A-114

season, because the water distribution methods are different, divided into two times of the dry season, the

rainy season, to understand the appropriate method of operating water distribution system. As for "Water

quality analysis and control", it is necessary to implement simultaneously with ("O&M of water treatment

plant", "O&M of water distribution system".

Implementation Schedule of Soft Component is shown in Figure-5

Japanese

Consultant 27 28 35 36 37 38 44 45 46 47

Construction Work (WTP) Test Operation

O&M of WTP Water

Treatment Process

12days

30 days

30 days

15 days

30 days

15 days

3 days

O&M of Water Distribution System

Water Supply System

12 days

30 days

15 days

15 days

30 days

3 days

Installation of House Connections

House Connection

4 days

30 days

30 days

2

days

Water Quality Monitoring and Control

Water Quality

15 days

4 days 2 days

15 days

30 days 3 days

Report/Manual

Training

Manual

Traini

ng Manual

Training Manual

Report

NWSC Employee for new assignment

WTP Manager-1 Chemist-1 Helper-1

Pre-Treatment Operator-3/ WTP Operator-9 Distribution Plumber-4/Meter Reader-4

Figure-5 Soft Component – Implementation Schedule (Tentative)

8. Schedule of Project and Soft Component

Overall schedule of this Project is shown in Table-4.

Table-4 Reports/Manuals Item Reports/Manuals Contents Submission Page

Manual Water treatment facilities - operation manual (English-5/Nepali-20)

- Function of treatment facilities - Operation of each facility - Operation recording

46th month 30

Water treatment facilities - maintenance manual (English-5/Nepali-20)

- Cleaning of treatment facilities - Scraping of filter sand - Washing of filter sand - Maintenance recording

46th month 20

Water distribution facilities – operation/maintenance manual (English-5/Nepali-20)

- Function of water distribution facilities

- Operation of each facility - Operation/maintenance recording

45th month 30

Work in Japan

Work in Nepal


A-115

House connection - installation manual (English-5/Nepali-30)

- Installation of house connection - Installation of water meter - repair of existing house

connection

37th month 20

Water quality analysis - manual (English-5/Nepali-15)

- procedure of water analysis 28th month 20

Water quality control - manual (English-5/Nepali-15)

- procedure of water analysis in water distribution system 45th month 20

Report Completion Report (both Japanese and Nepali sides)

- Plan and actual - Result/Achievement - Impact effected to result/

achievement - Lesson learned and suggestions

etc. for sustaining and developing the results

- Reports/Manuals

46th month 30

9. Responsibility of Nepal side

The followings are responsibility of Nepal side for the implementation of soft component.

◇Providing trainees, facilities and materials required

◇All cost for trainees, facilities and materials required

◇All necessary manpower, materials, etc. required for continuous energy audit activities.

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A-6

Oth

er Relevan

t Data

A-6-1 L

and

Ac

qu

isition

Mo

nito

ring

Fo

rm

A-120

A-6-2 Monitoring Form (Draft)

Monitoring Form (Draft)

Part I: Environemental and Social Impact

1. Natural Environment

1-1 Air Quality

Item Unit Measured

Value (Mean)

Measured Value (Max.)

Standard in Nepal(Annual/24hours)

Remarks*

1 TPS μg/m3 -/230

2 PM10 μg/m3 -/120

3 Suplhur Dioxide μg/m3 50/70

4 Nitrogen Dioxide μg/m3 40/80

5 Carbon Monoxide μg/m3 10,000/100,000**

6 Lead μg/m3 0.5/0

7 Benzene μg/m3 20/0 *Location, method, frequency shall be described. **8hours/15minutes

1-2 Noise and Vibration

Date Reported Problem/Complain Proposed Solution Solved In case “Solved-No”,

describe further action

1 Yes / No

2

1-3 Odor



1 Yes / No

2

1-4 Soil Pollution

No. Monitoring Factor Monitoring Place Monitoring Method

Frequency Monitoring Result

(1) Soil erosion and turbidity of surface water

Downstream point near construction site of intake weir and

Measure of turbidity

At the transportation time of sludge

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of outlet of discharge pipes.

1-5 Solid Waste



(1) Adequate treatment of solid wastes

All construction sites, laborers camps and its neighboring areas

Physical observation

Once/week

1-6 Working Environment



Risk of HIV/AIDS and other infections (1) Control risk of HIV/AIDS All construction

sites Physical

observation During

construction

Workplace Safety (2) Wear of safety shoes and hats

and safety control manners at construction sites

All construction sites


Once/week

Accidents (3) Adequate safety traffic

control manners Entrance and exit for construction of new water treatment plant, ground reservoir, transmission pipelines, water intake weir.


Two times/week

(4) Fallen object and grade of dirtiness of roads

Passage roads of vehicles for transportation of equipment and materials, and surplus excavation soils.


Two times/week

A-122

2. Social Environment

2-1 Resettlement/Land Acquisition



1 Yes / No

2

2-2 Public Consultation

Date Place Contents of the consultation/main comments and answers

1

Issues (example)

Chage of livelihood

Change of economical situation of PAPs

Other problems related to land acquisition & involuntary resettlement

2

A-123

3．Environmental Standard

3-1 Ambient Air Quality

Table 1: National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2003

Parameters Units Averaging

Time

Concentration in Ambient Air,

maximum Test Methods

TSP (Total Suspended Particulates)

μg/m3 Annual - -

24-hours* 230 High Volume Sampling

PM10 μg/m3 Annual -

24-hours* 120 Low Volume Sampling

Sulphur Dioxide μg/m3 Annual 50

Diffusive sampling based on weekly average

24-hours** 70 To be determined before 2005 A.D.

Nitrogen Dioxide μg/m3 Annual 40


24-hours** 80 To be determined before 2005 A.D.

Carbon Monoxide μg/m3 8 hours** 10,000 To be determined before 2005 A.D.

15 minute 100,000 Indicative samplers**

Lead μg/m3 Annual 0.5

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, analysis of PM10 samples****

24-hours 0 -

Benzene μg/m3 Annual 20*****


24-hours -

*Note: 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days. **Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not to be controlled before MoPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This will be done before 2005. ***Note: Control by spot sampling at roadside locations: Minimum one sample per week taken over 15 minutes during peak traffic hours, i.e. in the period 8am - 10am or 3pm - 6pm on a workday. This test method will be re-evaluated by 2005. ****Note: If representativeness can be proven, yearly averages can be calculated from PM10 samples from selected weekdays from each month of the year. *****Note: To be re-evaluated by 2005.

3-2 Noise

Table 2: National noise quality standard, 2069

Area Noise Limit (dB)

Day Night

Industrial Area 75 70

Business Area 65 55

Rural Residential Area 45 40

Urban Residential Area 55 50

Mixed Residential Area 63 55

Peace Zones/Area 50 40

A-124

Part II: Economic Impact to Project Affected Persons (PAPs)

4.1 Monitoring of Economic Impact to PAPs

Household ID

Name of Household Head

Income revel before the project start*

(Unit: NPR/per)

Date of Interview

Income lever at interview date

(Unit: NPR/per)

PAPs Opinion of economic situation at interview date compare to before the project start**

Evaluation

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

*Refer to RAP report of the project ** (1) Obviously bad, (2) Relatively Bad, (3) No change, (4) Relatively better, (5) Obviously better

4-2 Monitoring of Impact to the Involuntary Resettlement Household

Household ID Name of Household Head Date of Interview

Income revel before the project start*

(Unit: NPR/per)

Income lever at interview date

(Unit: NPR/per)

Opinion of the household in terms of economic situation at interview date compare to before the project start**

Opinion of the household in terms of general situation all over their livelihood

Evaluation

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

*Refer to RAP report of the project ** (1) Obviously bad, (2) Relatively Bad, (3) No change, (4) Relatively better, (5) Obviously better

A-125

A-6-3 JICA Environmental Checklist

Category Environmental Item Main Check Items Yes: Y

No: N

Confirmation of Environmental

Considerations

(Reasons, Mitigation Measures)

1 Permits and

Explanation

(1) EIA and

Environmental

Permits

(a) Have EIA reports been already prepared in

official process?

(b) Have EIA reports been approved by

authorities of the host country's government?

(c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally

approved? If conditions are imposed on the

approval of EIA reports, are the conditions

satisfied?

(d) In addition to the above approvals, have other

required environmental permits been obtained

from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the

host country's government?

(a) Y

(b) Y*

(c) Y*

(d)N

(a)(b) EIA is started to prepare on July 2015.

The process of EIA has two stages, first stage

is approval of Scoping and TOR, and second

stage is approval of EIA Report. Approval of

Scoping and TOR document was done on

December 2015. Meanwhile, approval of EIA

report is planned on July 2016.

(c) No condition was required at the approval

of first stage of EIA documentation (Scoping

and TOR). In case any conditions will be

added in further process, NWSC shall satisfy

the condition and requirement for EIA

approval.

(d) Not applicable.

(2) Explanation to the

Local Stakeholders

(a) Have contents of the project and the potential

impacts been adequately explained to the Local

stakeholders based on appropriate procedures,

including information disclosure? Is

understanding obtained from the Local

stakeholders?

(a) Y

(b) Y

(a) Local people are notified through

publication of notice and frequent

consultations. There is no objection from

local stakeholders to the project.

(b) Suggestions provided by the local people

are addressed in the EIA report.

A-126


No: N


Considerations


(b) Have the comment from the stakeholders

(such as local residents) been reflected to the

project design?

(3) Examination of

Alternatives

(a) Have alternative plans of the project been

examined with social and environmental

considerations?

(a) Y (a) Alternatives for the project, including no

project implementation, are examined.

2 Pollution Control (1) Air Quality (a) Is there a possibility that chlorine from

chlorine storage facilities and chlorine injection

facilities will cause air pollution? Are any

mitigating measures taken?

(b) Do chlorine concentrations within the working

environments comply with the country’s

occupational health and safety standards?

(a) N

(b) Y

(a) Storage shall be done in safe and leakage

free storage tank.

(b) National Ambient Air Quality Standards

for Nepal 2003 is applicable for this issue.

(2) Water Quality (a) Do pollutants, such as SS, BOD, COD

contained in effluents discharged by the facility

operations comply with the country’s effluent

standards?

(a) Y (a) Effluents will be disposed safely ensuring

minimum environmental impacts. For

monitoring, National Drinking Water Quality

Standards (NDWQS) shall be applicable.

(3) Wastes (a) Are wastes, such as sludge generated by the

facility operations properly treated and disposed

in accordance with the country’s regulations?

(a) Y (a) All waste shall be treated in accordance

with Solid Waste Management Act 2011.

Generated waste will be disposed in safe

disposal area at Tallo Purunchaur Phant with

A-127


No: N


Considerations


retaining structures to avoid run off, wash off

during rainy season.

(4) Noise and

Vibration

(a) Do noise and vibrations generated from the

facilities, such as pumping stations comply with

the country’s standards?

(a) Y (a) There is no environmental standard for

noise in Nepal. However, significant noise

and vibration impact is not expected since

noise-free facilities, such as underwater pump

and noise-free generator are used in the

project. In case of problems of noise, the

project side takes care as per complaints by

residents.

(5) Subsidence (a) In the case of extraction of a large volume of

groundwater, is there a possibility that the

extraction of groundwater will cause subsidence?

(a) N (a) The project will use only surface water

source of Mardi river.

3 Natural

Environment

(1) Protected Areas (a) Is the project site or discharge area located in

protected areas designated by the country’s laws

or international treaties and conventions? Is

there a possibility that the project will affect the

protected areas?

(a) N (a) Both of the project site and discharge area

are not applicable for international treaties

and conventions in Nepal.

(2) Ecosystem (a) Does the project site encompass primeval

forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically valuable

habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal

flats)?

(a) N

(b) N

(c) N

(d) N

(a) The project does not lie in forest area/

conservation area with high value of

ecological importance.

(b) Project site or discharge area doesn’t lie in

the protected habitats of endangered species.

A-128


No: N


Considerations


(b) Does the project site or discharge area

encompass the protected habitats of endangered

species designated by the country’s laws or

international treaties and conventions?

(c) If significant ecological impacts are

anticipated, are adequate protection measures

taken to reduce the impacts on the ecosystem?

(d) Is there a possibility that the amount of

water used (e.g., surface water, groundwater) by

project will adversely affect aquatic

environments, such as rivers? Are adequate

measures taken to reduce the impacts on aquatic

environments, such as aquatic organisms?

(c) The project does not lie in forest area/

conservation area with high value of

ecological importance.

(d) The project will use water of Mardi khola.

However, no dangerous chemicals are applied

for water treatment process, and discharge

water from the plant is environmentally

harmful.

(3) Hydrology (a) Is there a possibility that the amount of water

used (e.g., surface water, groundwater) by the

project will adversely affect surface water and

groundwater flows?

(a) N (a) The project will use water that collected

from Mardi khola by existing intake facility.

No new water-source development is carried

out, and no impact to hydrogeology.

A-129


No: N


Considerations


4 Social

Environment

(1) Resettlement (a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project

implementation? If involuntary resettlement is

caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts

caused by the resettlement?

(b) Is adequate explanation on compensation and

resettlement assistance given to affected people

prior to resettlement?

(c) Is the resettlement plan, including

compensation with full replacement costs,

restoration of livelihoods and living standards

developed based on socioeconomic studies on

resettlement?

(d) Is the compensations going to be paid prior to

the resettlement?

(e) Is the compensation policies prepared in

document? (f) Does the resettlement plan pay

particular attention to vulnerable groups or

people, including women, children, the elderly,

people below the poverty line, ethnic minorities,

and indigenous peoples?

(g) Are agreements with the affected people

obtained prior to resettlement?

(h) Is the organizational framework established to

properly implement resettlement? Are the

(a) Y

(b)Y

(c) Y

(d) Y

(e) N

(f) Y

(g) Y

(h) N

(i) Y

(j) Y

(a) There is a house in the site, and the

household have to move out. This household

already agreed to involuntary resettlement

with NWSC, and they are satisfied proposed

compensation for their damages caused by the

involuntary resettlement. In addition, land

acquisition is carried out for 59 landowners,

and compensation is planned to be paid by

reference with reasonable price which able to

purchase other land in same value in other

place.

(b) Entitlement, including compensation, is

explained several times during public

consultations, resettlement survey, and

distribution of Application format.

(c) Resettlement Action Plan (RAP),

including socio-economic survey, was

prepared.

(d) NWSC will have power to control the

project site only after landowners and

residents will receive compensation and

ownership will be changed officially.

(e) Compensation policies are discussed and

recognized in PAPs though public

A-130


No: N


Considerations


capacity and budget secured to implement the

plan?

(i) Are any plans developed to monitor the

impacts of resettlement?

(j) Is the grievance redress mechanism

established?

consultations, resettlement survey, and

distribution of Application. In addition, RAP

is prepared along with JICA’s regulation, and

all entitlement is written in the RAP report.

(f) Socially vulnerable households, such as

woman-headed households, are reported in

RAP. Life-support compensation is planned to

be paid to these households.

(g) Agreement had made prior to resettlement.

In NWSC’s system, resettlement can start

only after “Application” has submitted.

Application is NWSC’s document form which

shows agreement with affected persons in

terms of land acquisition and resettlement.

(h) NWSC, the implementing organization,

has a system of dealing with resettlement land

acquisition, and it has all responsibilities

including budget arrangement and

implementation of the project.

(i) Monitoring for land acquisition progress,

receipt of compensation, and economic

situation of PAPs are planned.

A-131


No: N


Considerations


(j) Grievance redress mechanism is prepared

to address disputes, and mainly it will be

handled in CDC (Chief District Office)

4 Social

Environment

(2) Living and

Livelihood

(a) Is there a possibility that the project will

adversely affect the living conditions of

inhabitants? Are adequate measures considered to

reduce the impacts, if necessary?

(b) Is there a possibility that the amount of water

used (e.g., surface water, groundwater) by the

project will adversely affect the existing water

uses and water area uses?

(a) Y

(b) N

(a) Impact on land acquisition is major issue

for local people’s life and livelihood. In

addition to cash compensation, additional

assistance (additional payment) will be made

for valuable households such as woman-

headed households and handicapped

households.

(b) Mardi river is not used for drinking/

irrigation and recreation purpose. So no any

adverse impact is predicted on water use

issues

(3) Heritage (a) Is there a possibility that the project will

damage the local archeological, historical,

cultural, and religious heritage? Are adequate

(a) N (a) The project area does not have any

archaeological sites with historical and

cultural value.

A-132


No: N


Considerations


measures considered to protect these sites in

accordance with the country’s laws?

(4) Landscape (a) Is there a possibility that the project will

adversely affect the local landscape? Are

necessary measures taken?

(a) N (a) The major construction building is water

treatment plant in this project, and this is

one story building. Therefore, there

is no impact to the surrounding

landscape.

(5) Ethnic Minorities

and Indigenous

Peoples

(a) Are considerations given to reduce impacts on

the culture and lifestyle of ethnic minorities and

indigenous peoples?

(b) Are all of the rights of ethnic minorities and

indigenous peoples in relation to land and

resources respected?

(a) N/A

(b) N/A

(a)(b) There are no ethnic minorities and

indigenous people that applicable for World

Bank OP.4.10.

(6) Working

Conditions

(a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws

and ordinances associated with the working

conditions of the country which the project

proponent should observe in the project?

(b) Are tangible safety considerations in place for

individuals involved in the project, such as the

installation of safety equipment which prevents

industrial accidents, and management of

hazardous materials?

(c) Are intangible measures being planned and

implemented for individuals involved in the

(a) Y

(b)Y

(c) Y

(d)Y

(a) The project will be constructed /operated

within all the legal provisions set forth by the

GoN

(b) Adequate PPEs are proposed for the

workers.

(c) Workers will be trained well regarding

health and safety matters.

(d) Project area is controlled and observer

for local security.

A-133


No: N


Considerations


project, such as the establishment of a safety

and health program, and safety training (including

traffic safety and public health) for workers etc.?

(d) Are appropriate measures taken to ensure that

security guards involved in the project not to

violate safety of other individuals involved, or

local residents?

5 Others (1) Impacts during

Construction

(a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce

impacts during construction (e.g., noise,

vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and

wastes)?

(b) If construction activities adversely affect the

natural environment (ecosystem), are adequate

measures considered to reduce impacts?

(c) If construction activities adversely affect the

social environment, are adequate measures

considered to reduce impacts?

(d) If the construction activities might cause

traffic congestion, are adequate measures

considered to reduce such impacts?

(a) Y

(b) Y

(c) Y

(d) Y

(a)Appropriate mitigation measures are

proposed to reduce impacts during

construction (e.g., noise, turbid water, dust,

exhaust gases, and wastes). Implementation of

monitoring is proposed in Environmental

Monitoring Plan (EMP).

(b) No impact to natural environment is

assumed.

(c) Appropriate mitigation measures with

sufficient budget are proposed to

avoid/minimize/compensate the impact.

Mitigation measures in environmental/social

impact from the project are described in EMP

and RAP respectively.

(d)Traffic signs, speed limits, transportation

by covering the materials are proposed.

A-134


No: N


Considerations


5 Others (2) Monitoring (a) Does the proponent develop and implement

monitoring program for the environmental items

that are considered to have potential impacts?

(b) What are the items, methods and frequencies

of the monitoring program? (c) Does the

proponent establish an adequate monitoring

framework (organization, personnel, equipment,

and adequate budget to sustain the monitoring

framework)?

(d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to

the monitoring report system identified, such as

the format and frequency of reports from the

proponent to the regulatory authorities?

(a)Y

(b)Y

(c)Y

(d)Y

(a) Monitoring program is proposed with

adequate budget

(b) Monitoring items such as air quality, water

quality, noise level, impact due to waste

disposal etc. are proposed during construction

and operation phase. Monitoring of social

parameters is also proposed in EIA with

regard to project location and project affected

people.

(c) Monitoring program is proposed with

adequate budget

(d) Monitoring is planned in quarterly bases,

and checklist is attached in the EIA report.

6 Note Reference to Checklist

of Other Sectors

(a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in

the Dam and River Projects checklist should also

be checked.

(a)N (a) Not Applicable

Note on Using

Environmental

Checklist

(a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or

global issues should be confirmed (e.g., the

project includes factors that may cause problems,

such as transboundary waste treatment, acid rain,

destruction of the ozone layer, or global

warming).

(a)N (a) Not Applicable

A-135

A-6-4 Seismic Capacity of Pipes Selected in the Project Material and joint type of transmission and distribution pipes selected in the project are as follow;

Transmission pipes and distribution main: Ductile iron (DI) pipe (tyton type joint)

Distribution sub-main: Polyethylene (PE) pipe

DI pipe is selected due to its durability as the material of main pipes; transmission pipes and distribution

mains. PE pipe is selected as the material of distribution sub-mains because distribution sub-mains are low

priority compared to main pipes.

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan defined seismic capacity of pipes on material and joint type

basis in their report. DI pipe (K type joint) was reported to have seismic capacity against level 1 earthquake

and even level 2 earthquake only under the hard ground. DI pipe (tyton type joint) can be considered to

have the same level of seismic capacity as DI pipe (K type joint). On the other hand, PE pipe also have

seismic capacity against both of level 1 and level 2 earthquakes.

Level 1 and level 2 earthquakes were defined by Japan Water Works Association as follows;

Level 1 earthquake; earthquake which likely occur during service period on facility location

Level 2 earthquake; largest scale of earthquake which possibly occur in the future on facility location

Generally, service period of pipes is considered to be for 50 years. Large earthquake occurred on April 25,

2015 in Nepal is after 81 years from the same magnitude level of earthquake occurred in 1934. Therefore,

such a large earthquake, level 2 earthquake, will not be likely to occur during service period of pipes.

Pokhara is undulating hills and categorized as a gravel/rock plateau and terrace which can be considered as

hard ground. In addition, N value near the ground surface is over 50 in the soil survey and this result

indicates pipes are laid under hard ground. For that reason, DI pipe (tyton type joint) can be consider having

enough seismic capacity against even level 2 earthquakes.

We concluded that material and joint type of pipes selected in the Project has enough seismic capacity

against earthquakes.


A-136

A-6-5 Setting Basis of Water Leakage Rate after Completion of the Project Water leakage rate (Rate of real losses) before implementation of the Project is assumed as 36%, as

mentioned in “Section 2-2-1 Water Demand Analysis”. On the other hands, reduction of water leakage can

be expected through the Project by 1) replacement of existing distribution mains and optimization of water

pressure, 2) replacement of existing distribution sub-mains, and 3) renewal of customer meters and service

pipes.

In this section, effectiveness of water leakage reduction by these three ways was evaluated. And then the

water leakage rate after completion of the project was calculated. Calculation result is shown in Table A-

6-5-1.

Table A-6-5-1 Calculation Result of Water Leakage Rate after Completion of the Project

Items Unit Quantity Calculation Notes

(1) Laying of distribution mains km 50 (A), setting value Table A-6-2 (1)

(2) Laying of distribution sub-mains km 50 (B), setting value Table A-6-4 (1)

(3) Renewal of customer meters and service pipes

connection 9,000 (C), setting value Table A-6-5 (2)

(4) Distribution volume m3/day 54,120 (D), actual value ※1

(5) Consumption volume m3/day 21,609 (E), actual value ※2

(6) Water losses m3/day 32,511 (F) = (D) – (E)

(7) Water leakage (real losses) m3/day 19,507 (G) = (F) x 60%, assumed value ※3

(8) Water leakage rate before completion of the project

% 36% (H) = (G) / (D)

(9) Water leakage reduction by replacement of distribution mains and optimization of water pressure

m3/day 3,337 (I), assumed value Table A-6-2 (11)

+ Table A-6-3 (8)

(10) Water leakage reduction by replacement of distribution sub-mains

m3/day 500 (J), assumed value Table A-6-4 (11)

(11) Water leakage reduction by renewal of customer meters and service pipes

m3/day 3,051 (K), assumed value Table A-6-5 (13)

(12) Volume of water available after completion of the project

m3/day 29,497 (L) = (E) + (I) + (J) + (K)

(13) Water leakage rate after completion of the project ％ 27% (M) = ((D) – (L)) x 60% / (D)

As the result, the water leakage rate after completion of the project was calculated as 27%. Detail of the

calculation is mentioned below.

1. Water Leakage Reduction by Replacement of Distribution Mains and Optimization of

Water Pressure

Water leakage reduction by replacement of distribution mains can be divided into the reduction by

replacement of existing deteriorated cast iron pipes and the reduction by optimization of water pressure

with setting new water distribution areas. These two ways of reductions were evaluated below.

1.1 Water Leakage Reduction by Replacement of Distribution Mains


A-137

Water leakage reduction by replacement of existing distribution mains is shown in Table A-6-5-2.

Table A-6-5-2 Water Leakage Reduction by Replacement of Existing Cast Iron Mains


(1) Laying of distribution mains km 50 (A), setting value

(2) Replacement of existing CI mains km 21 (B), setting value

(3) Distribution volume m3/day 54,120 (C), actual value ※1

(4) Consumption volume m3/day 21,609 (D), actual value ※2

(5) Water losses m3/day 32,511 (E) = (C) – (D)

(6) Water leakage (real losses) m3/day 19,507 (F) = (E) x 60%, assumed value ※3

(7) Water leakage rate % 36% (G) = (F) / (C)

(8) Water leakage from service pipes m3/day 11,700 (H) = (F) x 60%, assumed value ※4

(9) Water leakage from distribution pipes m3/day 7,803 (I) = (F) x 40%, assumed value ※4

(10) Reduction rate of water leakage after replacement of distribution mains

% 9.5% (J) = (B) / 220, assumed value ※5

(11) Water leakage reduction after replacement of distribution mains

m3/day 740 (K) = (I) x (J)

1.2 Water Leakage Reduction by Optimization of Water Pressure

Water distribution with optimum water pressure will be accomplished by setting new water distribution

areas through the construction of new water reservoirs and distribution mains. As the result, water leakage

due to high water pressure in existing distribution areas will be reduced.

Since elevation difference in the distribution areas of Bindhabashini reservoirs are larger than other existing

reservoirs, high water pressure in some areas leads to water leakage. Water pressure in some distribution

areas of Amalabisauni reservoir is also high. However, the distribution areas of Amalabisauni reservoir are

not clear. For that reason, water leakage reduction by optimization of water pressure was evaluated on the

distribution areas of Bindhabashini reservoir. Calculation result is shown in Table A-6-5-3.

Table A-6-5-3 Water Leakage Reduction by Optimization of Water Pressure


(1) Water pressure in Bindhabashini distribution areas

m 130 (A), elevation of distribution areas is assumed as 930～800m

※6

(2) Average water pressure in Bindhabashini distribution areas

m 65 (B) = (A) / 2

(3) Water pressure after setting of new distribution areas

m 75 (C), assumed value ※7

(4) Average water pressure after setting of new distribution areas

m 38 (D) = (C) / 2

(5) Reduction rate of water leakage after setting of new distribution areas

% 24% (E)=1-((D) / (B))^0.5 ※8

(6) Distribution volume from Bindhabashini reservoir

m3/day 30,000 (F), actual value

(7) Water leakage in Bindhabashini m3/day 10,800 (G) = (F) x 36% ※9


A-138


distribution areas

(8) Water leakage reduction by optimization of water pressure

m3/day 2,597 (H) = (G) x (E)

2. Water Leakage Reduction by Replacement of Distribution Sub-mains

Water leakage reduction by replacement of existing distribution sub-mains is shown in Table A-6-5-4.

Table A-6-5-4 Water Leakage Reduction by Replacement of Existing Sub-mains


(1) Laying of distribution sub-mains km 50 (A), setting value

(2) Replacement of existing sub-mains km 14 (B), setting value



(5) Water losses m3/day 32,511 (E) = (C) – (D)



(8) Water leakage from service pipes m3/day 11,700 (H) = (F) x 60%, assumed value ※4

(9) Water leakage from distribution pipes m3/day 7,803 (I) = (F) x 40%, assumed value ※4

(10) Reduction rate of water leakage after replacement of distribution sub-mains

% 6.4% (J) = (B) / 220, assumed value ※5

(11) Water leakage reduction after replacement of distribution sub-mains

m3/day 500 (K) = (I) x (J)

3. Renewal of Customer Meters and Service Pipes through the Project

Water leakage from service connections will be reduced by renewal of customer meters and service pipes.

Water leakage reduction by renewal of customer meters and service pipes are shown in Table A-6-5-5.

Table A-6-5-5 Water Leakage Reduction by Renewal of Customer Meters and Service Pipes


(1) Total number of service connection connection 34,523 (A), actual value

(2) Renewal of customer meters and service pipes

connection 9,000 (B), setting value



(5) Water losses m3/day 32,511 (E) = (D) – (C)



(8) Water consumption per connection m3/connection/day 0.63 (H) = (D) / (A)

(9) Water consumption per capita L/capita/day 130 (I), assumed value

(10) Number of users per connection capita/connection 4.8 (J) = (H) / (I)


A-139

(11) Water leakage from service pipes m3/day 11,704 (K) = (F) x 60%, assumed value ※4

(12) Water leakage from distribution pipes m3/day 7,803 (L) = (F) x 40%, assumed value ※4

(13) Water leakage reduction by renewal of customer meters and service pipes

m3/day 3,051 (M) = (K) x ((B) / (A))

※1 “Distribution volume” is estimated as shown in Table A-6-5-6.

Table A-6-5-6 Distribution Volume

Water source Capacity (m3/day) Notes

Mardi Khola 46,000 Result of flow measurement by JICA survey team

Bhote Khola 1,500

Kali Khola 2,000

Baldhara Spring 300

Deep Well 4,320 1 m3/min×3 wells =1,440 m3/day×3 wells

Total 54,120

* Capacities of Bhote Khola, Kali Khola, Baldhara spring were determined by referring to “Pokhara Water Supply Report (2005). The capacities of Bhote Khola, Kali Khola in this table represent the minimum amount in the dry season. The average amount for these is as follows. Bhote Khola = 1,500~5,000m3/day, Kali Khola = 2,000~5,000m3/day (Pokhara Water Supply Report, 2005)

※2 “Water Consumption” is estimated as shown in Table A-6-5-7.

Table A-6-5-7 Detail of Water Consumption

Breakdown Water Amount

(m3/day)

I. Billed Consumption (A+B+C ) 21,043

(A) Small Consumer 20,666

(B) Large Consumer 268

(C) Tourist 109

II. Unbilled Consumption (D) 675

(D) Public water stand 675

Total = I + II 21,718

※3 “Water leakage (real losses)” is calculated as follows:

“Water Leakage” = “Water Losses” × 60%*

*Referring to the Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water in Developing Countries, World Bank (2006)

※4 “Water leakage from service pipes and distribution mains” are set at 60% for service pipes and 40%

for distribution mains referring to “Nepal- Leak Detection and Waste Control Program, IDA (1995)”.

※5 “Reduction rate of water leakage by replacement of existing distribution mains/submains” is calculated

based on the length ratio of the replacement to total length of existing pipes. Total length of existing

pipes are approximately 220 km.


A-140

“Reduction rate of water leakage by replacement of existing distribution mains/sub-mains (%)”

= “Length of replacement”/ “Total length of existing pipes (220 km)”

※6 “Water pressure in Bindhabashini distribution areas” is assumed as 130m which is elevation

difference between Bindhabashini reservoir (930m) and distribution area in South Pokhara (800m).

Although the distribution area of Bindhabashini reservoir covers to 750m at the boundary of Pokhara,

frequency of water supply is quite low in these distribution areas.

“Water pressure in the distribution areas from Bindhabashini reservoir”

= 930m – 800m = 130m

※7 “Water pressure after setting of new distribution areas” is set at 75m as mentioned in “2-2-5

Distribution Network”.

※8 “Reduction rate of water leakage after setting of new distribution areas” is calculated as follows:

Relation between water pressure and water leakage can be expressed with following equation on

the assumption that pore which water leaks from is a kind of orifice.

Q = C × A × P0.5

Q: Water leakage volume

C: Coefficient depending on the shape of the pole

A: Cross section of pole

P: Pipe internal water pressure

As water leakage is proportional to the second root of water pressure, reduction rate of water

leakage is calculated as follows:

“Reduction rate of water leakage after setting new distribution areas” =

1 – (“Average water pressure after setting new distribution areas”/”Average water pressure in

Bindhabashini distribution areas”) 0.5

※9 “Water leakage in Bindabashini distribution areas” is calculated based on current rate of water leakage

is 36%.

“Water leakage in Bindhabashini distribution areas” = 30,000 × 36%


A-141

A-6-6 Water Quality of the Mardi River and Others

Water quality analysis of raw water samples taken at 4 existing intake points (Mardi River, Baldhara Spring,

Bhote River, Kali River) and tap water was conducted in the survey. The raw water sampling was collected

in both dry and rainy seasons at each point. Water quality analysis was contracted out to official institute

in Nepal and Japan.

1 Result of Water Quality Analysis of Mardi River

(1) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Dry Season

Sampling point: 4 existing intakes

Number of times: Twice in Nepal and once in Japan (from late April to beginning of May)

Analysis parameters: 30 parameters including the items of national drinking water quality standards

in Nepal

Analysis result of raw water of the Mardi River in dry season is shown on Table A-7-1. The result shows

that turbidity and iron slightly exceeds the Nepal standards. Particular, iron exceeds 0.3mg/L on the result

of both analysis in Nepal and Japan.

In addition, odor and Aluminum also slightly exceeds Nepal standards on the result of analysis in Japan.

Table A-6-6-1 Result of Water Quality Analysis in Dry Season

1st 1st 2nd

Late Apr Late Apr Beginning of May

Color - 2 TCU < 5 < 5 5 (15) < 5

Turbidity - 4 NTU 22 3 5 (10) < 2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm 171 µS/cm 167 191 1500

pH - 7.6 - 8.1 8.1 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 120 mg/L 90 95 1000

Taste - missing data Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - Fine earthy mg/L Odourless Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L 0.76 mg/L 1.2 0.53 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L 0.02 mg/L < 0.05 < 0.05 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.001 mg/L < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.003 < 0.003 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.02 < 0.02 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.05 <0.05 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.12 0.12 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L <1 mg/L 1 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L 11 mg/L 1 1 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L <1 mg/L 0.873 0.39 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.02 < 0.02 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L 84 mg/L 84 92 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L 22 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.05 < 0.05 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L 0.39 mg/L < 0.05 < 0.05 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L <0.08 mg/L < 0.5 < 0.5 0.5-1.5 0.8

E.Coli MPN/100mL 64 CFU/100ml TNTC 700 0 0

Total Coliform MPN/100mL 1100 CFU/100ml TNTC TNTC 0 in 95% Samples

General Bacteria MPN/mL 200 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L <0.001 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L <0.02 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 0.7 mg/L <0.02 0.23 3

Magnesium mg/L 5.24 5

Phosphate mg/l < 0.05 0.06

Sodium (Na) mg/L 2.68 3.18 200

Items

Analysis in Japan Analysis in Nepal

Nepali Standard Japanese StandardUnit Unit


A-142

(2) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Rainy Season

Sampling point: 4 existing intakes

Number of times: Once in Nepal and once in Japan (in late May)

Twice in Nepal and once in Japan (from mid to late August)

Analysis parameters: 30 parameters including the items of national drinking water quality standards

in Nepal and Cryptosporidium (once in Japan)

Analysis result of raw water of the Mardi River in rainy season is shown on Table A-7-2. As well as dry

season, the result shows that turbidity and iron slightly exceeds the Nepal standards. Aluminum also slightly

exceeds Nepal standards on the result of analysis in Japan. As for the result of Cryptosporidium analysis, it

has not been detected.

Furthermore, bacteria have been detected at all the sampling points including the Mardi River both in dry

season and rainy season. However, it will be solved since necessary disinfection is implemented at chlorine

dosing facilities to be installed at the WTP and the 2 existing reservoirs by the Project.

Table A-6-6-2 Result of Water Quality Analysis in Rainy Season

1st 1st 2nd

Late Aug（20 Aug）



Color - 2 TCU ND(< 5) ND(< 5) 5 (15) < 5

Turbidity - 7 NTU 7.6 19 5 (10) < 2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm 123 µS/cm 118 143 1500

pH - 7.7 - 7.4 7.4 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 82 mg/L 64 65 1000

Taste - missing data Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - Odourless mg/L Odourless Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L 1 mg/L 0.91 2.62 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L 0.017 mg/L ND(< 0.05) ND(< 0.05) 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.005) ND(< 0.005) 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.003) ND(< 0.003) 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.02) ND(< 0.02) 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L <0.02 mg/L ND(< 0.05) ND(< 0.05) 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.01) ND(< 0.01) 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.12 0.11 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L <1 mg/L 1 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L 4 mg/L 2.88 1.65 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L <1 mg/L 1.71 ND(< 0.2) 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.02) ND(< 0.02) 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L 57 mg/L 62 60 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L 14 mg/L 16 17 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.05) ND(< 0.05) 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.001) ND(< 0.001) 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L 0.88 mg/L 0.06 0.06 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L <0.08 mg/L ND(< 0.5) ND(< 0.5) 0.5-1.5 0.8

E.Coli MPN/100mL 50 CFU/100ml 94 TNTC 0 0

Total Coliform MPN/100mL 800 CFU/100ml TNTC 7100 0 in 95% Samples

General Bacteria MPN/mL 1600 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L <0.001 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L <0.02 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 0.6 mg/L 0.46 1 3

Magnesium mg/L 5 4

Phosphate mg/l ND(< 0.05) ND(< 0.05)

Sodium (Na) mg/L 1.11 1.68 200

Items

Analysis in Japan Analysis in Nepal

Nepali Standard Japanese StandardUnit Unit


A-143

(3) Result of Turbidity Measurement in Rainy Season

Turbidity of the Mardi River was measured for 36 days from 17th July to 3rd September.

Three Locations of the sampling points to analyze raw water quality were selected: (1) intake wire, (2)

wash-out valve near the Yamdi River which locates 7.7km downstream from intake wire, connected to raw

water transmission pipeline with diameter of 500mm and (3) Bindhabashini Reservoirs locates about 10km

downstream from the intake weir (Water travel hour from intake weir to the reservoir is about 1.5 hours).

Water sampling for raw water analysis was conducted at one of the three candidate points. Following table

summarizes the results of the analysis.

NTU ＞10 10－20 20－50 50－100 100-200 200-500 ＜500

Number of Day 13 5 8 4 3 1 2

Based on the above examination results, the following are confirmed about the rainfall and the turbidity of

raw water in rainy season.

a) Raining often occurs near the intake wire during night time.

b) Since the catchment area of the Mardi River is small, high turbidity occurs after heavy rain.

c) High turbidity shall be continued until stopping the rain in the following morning.

d) High turbidity of 500 NTU usually dropped to 50 NTU within half a day to a day, if the rain was not

continued.

e) Turbidity of 200 NTU may continue for several days, if the rain continue.

f) Even in the rainy season, turbidity does not exceed the 20 NTU in more than half of the number of

days in that period.


A-144

2 Turbidity Data at Bindhabasini Reservoir in Rainy Season

Table A-6-6-3 Turbidity Data at Bindhabasini Reservoir in Rainy Season

Date Bindhabasini Yamdi-WashOut Intake

(NTU) (NTU) (NTU)

2015/7/17 73.4/81.4/82.2 - 70.6/74.5/80.2

2015/7/18 - - -

2015/7/19 - - 8.49/9.04/10.3

2015/7/20 9.14/9.75/11.3 - 7.77/8.42/9.20

2015/7/21 4.66/4.78/4.88 - -

2015/7/22 5.11/6.15/7.06 - -

2015/7/23 3.72/3.89/3.95 4.19/4.73/5.97 -

2015/7/24 - - -

2015/7/25 - - -

2015/7/26 21.6/22.6/24.7 15.7/19/19.8 16.2/16.7/22.0

2015/7/27 18.3/19.8/23.7 18.7/19.9/20.7 -

2015/7/28 57.6/61.2/68.2 33.9/34.4/44.3 17.8/19.1/19.7

2015/7/29 11.5/13.5/13.6 7.91/8.44/11.1 -

2015/7/30 AM:382/401/419 - -

PM:208/211/221 PM:162/189/193 -

2015/7/31 - - AM:142/153/154

2015/8/1 - - -

2015/8/2 AM:18.6/22.1/23.5 AM:22.1/27.1/29.3 -

2015/8/3 AM:16.3/16.7/17.0 AM:16.1/21.7/23.1 -

2015/8/4 AM:9.58/12.7/13.2 AM:8.18/8.78/9.37 -

2015/8/5 AM:5.57/6.04/6.62 AM:7.49/7.68/7.89 -

2015/8/6 - AM:5.62/6.02/6.53 AM:4.01/4.76/5.15

2015/8/7 AM:4.67/4.96/5.46 AM:4.97/5.18/5.63 -

2015/8/8 - - -

2015/8/9 AM:2.50/3.89/3.99 AM:3.18/4.46/4.71 -

2015/8/10 AM:129/132/148 AM:153/163/172 AM:67.6/68.5/70.5

2015/8/11 AM:146/155/200 AM:156/163/188 -

2015/8/12 AM:27.1/29.4/33.8 - -

2015/8/13 AM:42.8/46.2/51.7 - -

2015/8/14 AM:7.64/8.00/8.87 AM:7.15/7.45/7.51 -

2015/8/15 - - -

2015/8/16 - - -

2015/8/17 - - -


A-145

Date Bindhabasini Yamdi-WashOut Intake

(NTU) (NTU) (NTU)

2015/8/18 AM:23.0/24.7/27.4 AM:18.4/19.6/20.2 AM:14.1/16.9/19.6

2015/8/19 AM:28.8/29.2/30.0 AM:24.8/27.3/28.2 -

2015/8/20 AM:8.69/9.30/9.38 AM:9.40/10.2/11.3 -

2015/8/21 AM:41.6/42.4/54.4 AM:32.3/33.2/33.3 -

2015/8/22 - - -

2015/8/23 - - -

2015/8/24 - - -

2015/8/25 AM:5.51/7.96/7.08 AM:4.90/5.17/4.54 -

2015/8/26 AM:66.5/71.4/58.6 AM:57.4/60.0/61.5 -

2015/8/27 AM:22.8/19.5/21.3 AM:25.5/22.2/17.9 -

2015/8/28 AM:10.9/8.32/9.04 AM:10.2/9.08/7.90 -

2015/8/29 - - -

2015/8/30 AM:26.5/27.2/30.4 AM:21.7/28.3/31.4 -

2015/8/31 AM:7.31/6.15/5.92 AM:4.90/4.46/5.20 -

2015/9/1 AM:15.8/13.8/11.3 AM:11.5/12.2/12.9 -

2015/9/2 AM:6.08/5.96/5.07 AM:6.52/5.73/5.08

Note: Turbidity standard 4-419 (NTU) written in Table 4-4-1 of main report is set between minimum

turbidity 4.01≒4 (NTU) and maximum turbidity 419 (NTU) (Written in red) shown in Table A-6-6-3 that

is result of turbidity survey of Bindhabasini reservoir in rainy season.


A-146

3 Result of Water Quality Analysis about Other Rivers

(1) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Dry Season (Sampling in 22th, 23th of April)

Table A-6-6-4 Result of Water Quality Analysis (1)

(2) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Dry Season (Sampling in 10th, 11th of May)


Unit Result Unit Result Unit Result Unit Result Unit Result Unit Result

Color - <1 TCU < 5 - 2 TCU < 5 - <1 TCU < 5 5 (15) <5

Turbidity - <1 NTU 1 - <1 NTU 1 - <1 NTU 1 5 (10) <2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm 369 µS/cm 347 μS/cm 109 µS/cm 115 μS/cm 346 µS/cm 357 1500

pH - 7.6 - 8.1 - 7.7 - 7.8 - 8.2 - 8.3 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 240 mg/L 181 mg/L 65 mg/L 56 mg/L 230 mg/L 168 1000

Taste - missing data - missing data - missing data Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - Fine earthy mg/L Odourless - Fine earthy mg/L Odourless - Non-Objectional mg/L Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L 0.03 mg/L 0.2 mg/L <0.03 mg/L 0.23 mg/L <0.03 mg/L 0.29 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.05 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.005 mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.005 mg/L 0.002 mg/L < 0.005 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.003 mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.003 mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.003 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.02 mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.02 mg/L <0.005 mg/L < 0.02 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.05 mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.05 mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.05 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.01 mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.01 mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0 mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.03 mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.26 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L 2 mg/L 3 mg/L <1 mg/L 1 mg/L <1 mg/L 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L 1 mg/L 0.82 mg/L 1 mg/L 0.62 mg/L 29 mg/L 0.82 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L 2 mg/L 2.423 mg/L <1 mg/L 0.411 mg/L <1 mg/L 0.899 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.02 mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.02 mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.02 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L 200 mg/L 118 mg/L 44 mg/L 51 mg/L 180 mg/L 176 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L 76 mg/L 14 mg/L 37 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.05 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.001 mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.001 mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.001 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L 0.03 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.02 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L <0.02 mg/L < 0.05 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L <0.08 mg/L < 0.5 mg/L <0.08 mg/L < 0.5 mg/L <0.08 mg/L < 0.5 0.5-1.5 0.8

E.Coli MPN/100mL 5 CFU/100ml 22 MPN/100mL 28 CFU/100ml 86 MPN/100mL 18 CFU/100ml 26 0 in 95% Samples

Total Coliform MPN/100mL 24000 CFU/100ml 331 MPN/100mL 2100 CFU/100ml 2447 MPN/100mL 1000 CFU/100ml 1800 0 0

General Bacteria MPN/mL 1500 MPN/mL 980 MPN/mL 71 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.02 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L <0.3 mg/L <0.02 mg/L 0.7 mg/L <0.02 mg/L 0.3 mg/L <0.02 3

Magnesium mg/L 2.99 mg/L 2.38 mg/L 20.48

Phosphate mg/l < 0.05 mg/l < 0.05 mg/l < 0.05

Sodium (Na) mg/L 3.14 mg/L 3.76 mg/L 3.14 200

Nepal Standard Japanese StandardNepal Japan NepalItems

Baldhara Spring Bhote Khola Kali KholaJapan Nepal Japan


Color - TCU < 5 - TCU < 5 - TCU < 5 5 (15) <5

Turbidity - NTU 1 - NTU 1 - NTU 1 5 (10) <2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm µS/cm 378 μS/cm µS/cm 104 μS/cm µS/cm 330 1500

pH - - 7.4 - - 7.8 - - 7.9 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L mg/L 175 mg/L mg/L 54 mg/L mg/L 183 1000

Taste - - - Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - mg/L Odourless - mg/L Odourless - mg/L Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L mg/L 0.4 mg/L mg/L 0.2 mg/L mg/L 0.07 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L mg/L < 0.005 mg/L mg/L < 0.005 mg/L mg/L < 0.005 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L mg/L < 0.003 mg/L mg/L < 0.003 mg/L mg/L < 0.003 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L mg/L < 0.02 mg/L mg/L < 0.02 mg/L mg/L < 0.02 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L mg/L <0.05 mg/L mg/L <0.05 mg/L mg/L <0.05 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L mg/L < 0.01 mg/L mg/L < 0.01 mg/L mg/L < 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L mg/L 0.06 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L 0.24 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L mg/L 12 mg/L mg/L 1 mg/L mg/L 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L mg/L 1 mg/L mg/L 1.2 mg/L mg/L 1.8 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L mg/L 3.71 mg/L mg/L 0.32 mg/L mg/L 0.37 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L mg/L < 0.02 mg/L mg/L < 0.02 mg/L mg/L < 0.02 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L mg/L 142 mg/L mg/L 50 mg/L mg/L 170 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L mg/L mg/L 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L mg/L < 0.001 mg/L mg/L < 0.001 mg/L mg/L < 0.001 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 mg/L mg/L < 0.05 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L mg/L < 0.5 mg/L mg/L < 0.5 mg/L mg/L < 0.5 0.5-1.5 0.8

E.Coli MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 12 MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 86 MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 49 0 in 95% Samples

Total Coliform MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 133 MPN/100mL CFU/100ml TNTC MPN/100mL CFU/100ml TNTC 0 0

General Bacteria MPN/mL MPN/mL MPN/mL 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L mg/L mg/L 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L mg/L mg/L 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L mg/L 0.46 mg/L mg/L 0.23 mg/L mg/L 0.35 3

Magnesium mg/L 15 mg/L 1 mg/L 26

Phosphate mg/l < 0.05 mg/l < 0.05 mg/l < 0.05


Nepal Standard Japanese StandardNepal Japan NepalItems

Baldhara Spring Bhote Khola Kali KholaJapan Nepal Japan


A-147

(3) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Rainy Season (Sampling in 20th, 21th of August)


(4) Result of Water Quality Analysis in Rainy Season (Sampling in 270th, 28th of August)



Color - <1 TCU ND(< 5) - 2 TCU ND(< 5) - <1 TCU ND(< 5) 5 (15) <5

Turbidity - <1 NTU 1 - 3 NTU 10.4 - 2 NTU 8 5 (10) <2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm 365 µS/cm 337 μS/cm 51 µS/cm 61 μS/cm 270 µS/cm 245 1500

pH - 7.5 - 7.3 - 7.4 - 7.4 - 8.2 - 7.9 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L 230 mg/L 206 mg/L 79 mg/L 32 mg/L 170 mg/L 135 1000

Taste - Missing data - Missing data - Missing data Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - Non-Objectional mg/L Odourless - Non-Objectional mg/L Odourless - Non-Objectional mg/L Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L <0.03 mg/L 0.19 mg/L 0.2 mg/L 0.19 mg/L 0.3 mg/L 0.32 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L <0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L 0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L 0.01 mg/L ND(< 0.05) 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L <0.001 mg/L < 0.005 mg/L <0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.005) mg/L 0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.005) 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.003) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.003) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.003) 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L <0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L <0.005 mg/L ND(< 0.02) 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L <0.02 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L <0.02 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L <0.02 mg/L ND(< 0.05) 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.01) mg/L <0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.01) mg/L <0.001 mg/L ND(< 0.01) 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.03 mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.06 mg/L <0.1 mg/L 0.19 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L 1 mg/L 1 mg/L <1 mg/L 1 mg/L <1 mg/L 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L <1 mg/L 0.82 mg/L <1 mg/L 1.23 mg/L 11 mg/L 1.65 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L 2 mg/L 4.59 mg/L <1 mg/L ND(< 0.2) mg/L <1 mg/L 0.7 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.1 mg/L < 0.02 mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.02) 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L 190 mg/L 200 mg/L 18 mg/L 30 mg/L 140 mg/L 130 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L 73 mg/L 64 mg/L 6 mg/L 10 mg/L 30 mg/L 29 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L <0.1 mg/L ND(< 0.05) 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L < 0.00 mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.001) mg/L <0.0003 mg/L ND(< 0.001) 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L <0.02 mg/L 0.06 mg/L 0.16 mg/L 0.06 mg/L 0.18 mg/L 0.05 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L <0.08 mg/L ND(< 0.5) mg/L <0.08 mg/L ND(< 0.5) mg/L <0.08 mg/L ND(< 0.5) 0.5-1.5 0.8

Total Coliform MPN/100mL 160 CFU/100ml 145 MPN/100mL 380 CFU/100ml 563 MPN/100mL 540 CFU/100ml 525 0 in 95% Samples

E.Coli MPN/100mL 170 CFU/100ml 14 MPN/100mL 15 CFU/100ml 129 MPN/100mL 24 CFU/100ml 49 0 0

General Bacteria MPN/mL 390 MPN/mL 100 MPN/mL 150 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.02 mg/L <0.02 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L <0.3 mg/L 0.23 mg/L 0.8 mg/L 0.23 mg/L 0.5 mg/L 0.23 3

Magnesium mg/L 10 mg/L ND(< 2) mg/L 14

Phosphate mg/l ND(< 0.05) mg/l ND(< 0.05) mg/l ND(< 0.05)


Items

Baldhara Spring Bhote Khola Kali KholaJapaneseStandard

Japan Nepal Japan Nepal Japan Nepal Nepal Standard


Color - TCU ND(< 5) - TCU ND(< 5) - TCU ND(< 5) 5 (15) <5

Turbidity - NTU 1 - NTU 2.5 - NTU 3.2 5 (10) <2

Electrical Conductivity (EC) μS/cm µS/cm 347 μS/cm µS/cm 50 μS/cm µS/cm 241 1500

pH - - 7.2 - - 7.4 - - 8.1 6.5-8.5 About 7.5

Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) mg/L mg/L 175 mg/L mg/L 25 mg/L mg/L 144 1000

Taste - - - Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Odor - mg/L Odourless - mg/L Odourless - mg/L Odourless Non-Objctional Non-Objctional

Iron (Fe) mg/L mg/L 0.16 mg/L mg/L 0.17 mg/L mg/L 0.19 0.3 (3) 0.3

Manganese (Mn) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) 0.2 0.05

Arsenic (As) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.005) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.005) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.005) 0.05 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.003) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.003) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.003) 0.003 0.003

Chromium (Cr) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) 0.05 0.05

Cyanide　(CN-) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) 0.07 0.01

Lead (Pb) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.01) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.01) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.01) 0.01 0.01

Ammmonia (NH3) mg/L mg/L 0 mg/L mg/L 0.06 mg/L mg/L 0.16 1.5

Chloride (Cl-) mg/L mg/L 3 mg/L mg/L 1 mg/L mg/L 1 250 200

Sulphate (SO4--) mg/L mg/L 1.85 mg/L mg/L 0.62 mg/L mg/L 1.23 250

Nitrate (NO3-) mg/L mg/L 0.9 mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.2) mg/L mg/L 0.36 50 10

Copper (Cu) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.02) 1 1

Total Hardness mg/L mg/L 160 mg/L mg/L 22 mg/L mg/L 140 500 300

Calcium (Ca) mg/L mg/L 26 mg/L mg/L 8 mg/L mg/L 8.8 200

Zinc (Zn) mg/L mg/L NDD< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.05) 3 1

Mercury (Hg) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.001) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.001) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.001) 0.001 0.0005

Aluminum (Al) mg/L mg/L 0.05 mg/L mg/L 0.06 mg/L mg/L 0.05 0.2 0.1

Fluoride (F+) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.5) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.5) mg/L mg/L ND(< 0.5) 0.5-1.5 0.8

Total Coliform MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 24 MPN/100mL CFU/100ml TNTC MPN/100mL CFU/100ml TNTC 0 in 95% Samples

E.Coli MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 0 MPN/100mL CFU/100ml TNTC MPN/100mL CFU/100ml 135 0 0

General Bacteria MPN/mL MPN/mL MPN/mL 100MPN/mL

Selenium (Se) mg/L mg/L mg/L 0.01

Anionic Surfactant mg/L mg/L mg/L 0.2

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L mg/L 0.58 mg/L mg/L 0.92 mg/L mg/L 0.69 3

Magnesium mg/L 23 mg/L ND(< 2) mg/L 29

Phosphate mg/l ND(< 0.05) mg/l ND(< 0.05) mg/l ND(< 0.05)


Items

Baldhara Spring Bhote Khola Kali KholaJapaneseStandard

Japan Nepal Japan Nepal Japan Nepal Nepal Standard


A-148

4 Result of Water Quality Analysis at Tap Water ( Household, Hotel and Restaurant)

Table A-6-6-8 Result of Water Quality Analisis at Tap Water

Turbidity

( NTU)

FRC

(mg/L)

Total Coliform

(CFU/100mL)

E coli

(CFU/100mL)

5(10) 0.1‐0.2 0 0

1 28°13'09"N/83°58'34"E Samishkya marg 5 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 4700 67

2 28°13'16''N/83°56'30"E Male, Patan 5 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 4200 45

3 28°13'09''N/83°58'34"E Male, Patan 5 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 680 60

4 28°13'7''N/83°58'34"E Samishkya marg 5 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 500 42

5 28°13'1''N/83°57'35"E Khare 6 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 492 51

6 28°12'57''N/83°57'36"E Khare 6 NWSC HH 20 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 45

7 28°13'1''N/83°57'36"E Khare 6 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 1471 124

8 28°13'6''N/83°57'34"E Badam 6 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 253 127

9 28°15'18''N/83°58'05"E Amar Dip 16 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 520 72

10 28°15'32''N/83°58'34"E Ghati patan 16 NWSC HH 6 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 200



13 28°11'18''N/83°58'32"E Shanti Path 17 NWSC HH 46 ND(< 0.1) 2600 2500



16 28°11'55''N/83°58'10"E Dam Side 17 NWSC HH 18 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 78

17 28°11'19''N/83°58'32"E Gairi Kulo 17 NWSC HH 16 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 165

18 28°15'56''N/83°58'02"E Khatri Tahar 19 NWSC HH 9 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 70

19 28°15'55''N/83°58'10"E Lamachaur 19 NWSC HH 10 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 44

20 28°15'49''N/83°58'12"E Lamachaur 19 NWSC HH 14 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 60

21 28°15'52''N/83°58'09"E Khatri tole 19 NWSC HH 82 ND(< 0.1) 2600 46

22 28°14'36''N/83°59'12"E Bhim Bazar 1 NWSC HH 6 ND(< 0.1) 8000 30

23 28°14,'35''N/83°59'12"E Bhim Bazar 1 NWSC HH 9 ND(< 0.1) 7800 87

24 28°14'31''N/83°59'13"E Bhim kali, Patan bagar 1 NWSC HH 4 ND(< 0.1) 6900 185

25 28°14'36''N/83°59'10"E Lampatan marg, Gaighat chowk 1 NWSC HH 15 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 224

26 28°14'31''N/83°59'12"E Bhim bazar 1 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 181 20

27 28°13'52''N/83°59'06"E Bhimsen tole 2 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 200

28 28°13'49''N/83°59'03"E Nala mukha 2 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 231



31 28°14'06''N/83°59'20"E Hamal tole 3 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 400

32 28°14'05''N/83°59'20"E Hamal tole 3 NWSC HH 21 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 112

33 28°14'05''N/83°59'20"E Hamal tole 3 NWSC HH 17 ND(< 0.1) 1600 400

34 28°14'05''N/83°59'19"E Nadi pur 3 NWSC HH 23 ND(< 0.1) 702 160

35 28°13'47''N/83°59'02"E Nala mukha 4 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 100

36 28°13'47''N/83°59'03"E Chhbis Kuriya 4 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 2720 94

37 28°13'48''N/83°59'02"E Chhbis Kuriya 4 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 180

38 28°13'39''N/83°59'01"E Koirala Birthamarg 4 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 7800 169

39 28°12'53''N/83°58'17"E Shantinagar 7 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 33

40 28°12'54''N/83°58'16"E Jagriti marg 7 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 429 22

41 28°12'55''N/83°58'15"E Jagriti marg 7 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) 2500 241

42 28°13'10''N/83°59'08"E Shangam 8 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 1500 51

43 28°13'12''N/83°59'30"E Shivalaya 9 NWSC HH 4 ND(< 0.1) 7100 135




47 28°12'08''N/83°58'24"E Rastrya bank chowk 7 NWSC HH 10 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 131

48 28°12'41''N/83°58'37"E Prativa marg 8 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 253 41

49 28°12'11''N/84°00,08"E Shuvaraj marg 10 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 298 67

50 28°13'22''N/83°59'34"E Rani pauwa 11 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 18 2

51 28°13'20''N/83°59'36"E Tulsi marga 11 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 1400 43

52 28°13'15''N/83°59'40"E Rani pauwa 11 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 2600 125

53 28°13'15''N/83°59'40"E Rani pauwa 11 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 82

54 28°11'35''N/84°01'25"E Prithivi raj marga 14 NWSC HH 28 ND(< 0.1) 41 8

55 28°11'32''N/84°01'24"E Chautha chowk 14 NWSC HH 34 ND(< 0.1) 6000 47

56 28°13'01''N/83°57'30"E Khare 6 TW H/R 3 ND(< 0.1) 2629 8

57 28°12'53''N/83°57'30"E Halan Chowk 6 JW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 4400 6

58 28°12'53''N/83°57'30"E Halan Chowk 6 JW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 310 2

59 28°12'27''N/83°57'31"E Barahi path 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 420 33

60 28°12'47''N/83°57'27"E Lakeside 6 JW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 7800 100

61 28°12'32''N/83°57'26"E Baidam 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 506 100

62 28°12'53''N/83°57'41"E Dehiko patan 6 JW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 1457 12

63 28°12'56''N/83°57'35"E Baidam 6 TW H/R 3 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 200

64 28°12'59''N/83°57'31"E Pahari marg 6 TW H/R 2 ND(< 0.1) 133 8

65 28°12'52''N/83°57'40"E Dihiko patan 6 TW H/R 8 ND(< 0.1) 6300 33

66 28°12'46''N/83°57'32"E Lake side 6 TW H/R 2 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 22

67 28°12'47''N/83°57'27"E Baidam 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 124 35

68 28°12'53''N/83°57'38"E Khara marg 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 1400 24

69 28°12'46''N/83°57'33"E Lake side 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 382 237

70 25°11'33''N/83°58'27"E RTO marg 17 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 0 0

71 28°11'49''N/83°58'11"E Dam side 17 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 33

72 28°11'48''N/83°58'11"E Dam side 17 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 324 33

28th

May

2015

29th

May

2015

31st

May

2015

1st

June 2

015

2nd

June 2

015

SourceWater

users

Parameters

NDWSQ

27th

May

2015

JW= jar water TW= ube well HH= household H/R= hotel/restaurant

SN Date GPS Place Ward No.


A-149

Table A-6-6-9 Result of Water Quality Analisis at Tap Water (2)

* The sampling at every household was collected from tap water (NWSC) directly. It is not after the NWSC

tap water collected in their house water tanks or their kitchen bucket.

** The water samples collected from the hotel/restaurant was from the tube wells directly from pumping for

sometime. It is also not after it got collected in their reservoir/tank. But jar water was collected from the jar

itself.

Turbidity

( NTU)

FRC

(mg/L)

Total Coliform

(CFU/100mL)

E coli

(CFU/100mL)

5(10) 0.1‐0.2 0 0

73 28°13'00''N/84°00'01"E Machapuchhre tole 12 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) 157 12



76 28°12'59''N/84°00'00"E Machapuchhre tole 12 NWSC HH 8 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 29

77 28°12'25''N/84°00'53"E Indreni marg 13 NWSC HH 83 ND(< 0.1) 1900 100

78 28°12'24''N/84°00'55"E B.P marg 13 NWSC HH 10 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 131

79 28°12'24''N/84°00'55"E B.P marg 13 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) 273 8

80 28°12'24''N/84°00'54"E B.P marg 13 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) 16 10

81 28°11'37''N/84°00'17"E Hawali marg 18 NWSC HH 29 ND(< 0.1) 822 39

82 28°11'35''N/84°00'15"E Hawali marg 18 NWSC HH 85 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 700

83 28°11'35''N/84°00'15"E Hawali marg 18 NWSC HH 188 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 700

84 28°11'36''N/84°00'15"E Hawali marg 18 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) 8000 37

85 28°11'15''N/83°59'40"E Gauri marga 10 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 261 45

86 28°11'12''N/84°00'00"E kalika tole 15 NWSC HH 6 ND(< 0.1) 118 4

87 28°11'56''N/83°59'57"E Laxmi tole 15 NWSC HH 32 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 1400

88 28°12'30''N/84°59'50"E Ram bazar 15 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 196

89 28°12'01''N/84°59'57"E Ram bazar 15 NWSC HH 101 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 1000

90 28°11'56''N/83°59'51"E Laxmi marg 15 NWSC HH 5 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 225

91 28°13'16''N/83°57'22"E Bangaladi 6 spring H/R 2 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 39

92 28°12'49''N/83°57'34"E Dhiko Patan 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 1975 27

93 28°12'45''N/83°57'46"E Dhiko Patan 6 TW H/R 1 ND(< 0.1) 10 0


95 28°12'36''N/83°58'36"E Prativa marg 8 NWSC HH 20 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 114


97 28°12'23''N/83°59'49"E Rakshya marg 10 NWSC HH 3 ND(< 0.1) 2082 31

98 28°12'24''N/83°59'49"E Rakshya marg 10 NWSC HH 2 ND(< 0.1) 2482 25

99 28°11'34''N/84°01'24"E Chautha 14 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) 8 6

100 28°11'36''N/84°01'23"E Chautha 14 NWSC HH 1 ND(< 0.1) TNTC 412

4th

June 2

015

3rd

June 2

015

SourceWater

users

Parameters

NDWSQ

JW= jar water TW= ube well HH= household H/R= hotel/restaurant

SN Date GPS Place Ward No.


A-150

5 Analysis of the Cryptosporidium

Table A-6-6-10 Result of Analysis of the Cryptosporidium

APPENDIX - JICA · 2016. 10. 11. · 9 Ms. Yasumi TSUTSUI Environmental/ Social-condition NJS...

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