Appendix

Interest Tables

204

Appendix: Interest Tabl

es

Appendix: Interest Tables

2005

206

Appendix: Interest Tables

Appendix: Interest Tables

2007

208

Appendix: Interest Tables

Appendix: Interest Tables

2009

210

Appendix: Interest Tables

Appendix: Interest Tables

2111

212

Appendix: Interest Tabl

es

Appendix: Interest Tables

21

13

214

Appendix: Interest Tables

Appendix: Interest Tables

2115

216

Appendix: Interest Tables

Subject Index

A AADT, See Average annual daily

traffic Accident costs 107 Alternative analysis 7 American Society for Civil Engineers 1 AMTRAK 66, 167 Analysis period 22, 26, 138, 139, 142,

147, 148, 149, 186, 187 Annual Cost Method 119 Annual given Future 6 Annual given present 9 Annuities 22, 25 Average annual daily traffic 35 B Banking Formulae 22, 25

Single payment transactions 13, 18 Uniform series transactions 14

BCR, see Benefit-cost ratio method Benefits 145 Benefit-cost ratio method 59 Bonds 85

Call privileges 184 Selling price of 81

Bond classification 200, 203 Bond financing 175, 186, 188

Bond holder 175–177 Bond issuer 175, 177, 179

Bond rating agencies 177 Break-even point 39 C CAF, see compound amount factor 8,

9, 15 Calling a Bond 84

Capital recovery 18, 22, 23 Capital recovery factor 19, 20

Derivation of 19 Capital recovery factor table 20 Capital costs 188 Capitalized cost 70 CMF, see Crash modification factor Complex economic analyses 129 Compound amount 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15,

17, 23, 25, Compound amount factor 8, 9, 16

Derivation of 9 Compound amount factor table 8 Compounding 7, 9, 10

Annual compounding 13, 14 Continuous compounding 10, 13 Daily compounding 10, 13 Semi-annual compounding 9

Constant dollars 65 Construction costs 22,132 Consumer price index 80 Costs 16, 26, 30, 32, 37, 38, 39, 44, 45,

46, 47, 61, 64, 66, 68, 74, 88, 89, 91, 93, 97, 103, 107, 114, 117, 125, 128, 129

Costs of crashes 107 Cost of transportation 109 Cost of travel time 143 Coupon rate 186 CPI, see Consumer price index 100 CRF, see Capital recovery factor Crash costs 110 Crash modification factor 94, 95, 109 Current costs 46 D Daily Compounding 10 Debt financing 175, 185

218 Subject Index

Defining inputs to economic alternatives 72 Definition of alternatives 41, 42 Demand responsive services 117, 118 Demand volumes 41, 51, 63 Development Fees 195 Direct methods 46, 47 E Economic alternative analyses 62 Engineering applications 16 Engineering Economics 65 Engineering economic comparisons 31,

41 Establishing a Selling Price for Bonds

181 At a discount 81, 183 At par 81, 182 At a premium 181, 184

F FARS, see Fatality Analysis Reporting

System 96, 111 Fatality Analysis Reporting System 96,

111 Federal aid highway program 78

Federal-aid highway act of 1916 154 Federal-aid highway act of 1921 158 Federal-aid highway act of 1956 160 Federal-aid highway act of 1962 162 Federal-aid highway act of 1968 162 Federal-aid highway act of 1970 162 Federal-aid highway act of 1983 163

Federal funding for aviation 168 Federal funding for railroads 163

Pacific railway Acts 163 AMTRAK 166, 167

Federal Funding for Urban Mass Transportation 168

Financing transportation projects 195 Fitch 177 Floating a bond 185

Fuel consumption rates 91, 92 Future given annual 15 Future given Present 8

G

GARVEE’s, see Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicles Bonds 195

Gas tax 191, 192, 200 GES, see General estimates system General estimates system General obligation bonds 186 Good Roads movement 156,157 Grant anticipation revenue vehicle

bonds 224 Growth traffic 43

H

HERS, see Highway economics requirements system Heavy rail systems 140 High-speed rail programs Highway capacity manual 82 Highway economics requirements

system 113 Highway safety manual 94, 96, 97 Highway system costs 101

Planning and design costs 98 Construction costs 22, 132 Maintenance costs 139, 186, 187 Operating costs 135, 142,

Highway Trust Fund 1, 2, 160, 162, 163, 172, 191,193

History of transportation finance 153 Hurdle rate 74 I

IBCR, see Incremental benefit-cost ratio Incremental benefit-cost ratio 53 Incremental methods 50

Benefit-cost ratio 129, 138, 142, 144

Rate of return 146, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189

Incremental system costs 62 Incremental Time Saved 85 Incremental user benefits 62 Indirect costs 73, 77, 78, 79, Interest rate 7, 9, 10

Effective interest rate 10, 11 Nominal interest rate 11

Subject Index 219

Infinite service life 36 Formulas 7, 162, 169

Infinite periodic costs 36 Infinite annual costs 40 Inflation 2, 171 Innovative financing 223 Intermodal surface transportation efficiency act 191, 223 ISC, see Incremental system costs ISTEA, see Intermodal Surface

Transportation Efficiency Act 169 IUB, see Incremental user benefits J Joint development funds 194

Development Fees 195 Special Benefit Assessment Districts

194 Negotiated Investments 194 Tax increment financing 194

Transit/Traffic Impact Requirements 195

Leasing of Concessions 195 L Level of service 94 Leasing of Concessions 195 Light rail systems 140 Limited obligation bonds 177 Limited revenue bonds 176 Lincoln Highway 156, 160 LOS, see level of service M MAP-21, see Moving ahead for progress

in the 21st century act 171 MARR, see Minimum attractive rate of

return 186 Maintenance costs 132 Minimum attractive rate of return 74 Moody's 177 Moving ahead for progress in the 21st

century act 223 Multimodal funding 170 N

National road 154, 155 Negotiated Investments 194 Null alternative 138, 144, 145, 148

O Operating costs 142 Opportunity cost 74 Ownership cost 103, 104, 106 P PABs, see Private activity bonds

196 Pacific railway acts 164 Pay-as-you-go financing 187, 188, 196 PWF, see present worth factor 183,

187, 188, 189 Present given annual 19 Present given future 11 Present Value, see Present Worth Present Worth 20, 25, 28, 117, 119,

183, 187, 188, 189, 190, 114, 115 Present worth factor 11, 12, 183 Present worth factor table 12 Present worth method 49 Price index 80 Private activity bonds 196 Public-private partnerships 195, 198 Public transportation costs 117 Q Quarterly compounding 184 R ROR, see rate of return 184 Railroads 165, 166 Railway funding 117 Rate of return method 59, 60 Residual value 117 Revenue bonds 177, 186 Risk 197 Road Pricing 196 Road user cost 187 Rolling stock 128, 129 S SAFETEA-LU, see Safe, Accountable,

Flexible and Efficient Transportation Equity Act – A Legacy for Users 170

SC, see System costs 58, 73, 75, 105, 126, 139

220 Subject Index

SCA, see series compound amount factor 16

SFF, see Sinking fund factor 17, 180 Safe, accountable, flexible and efficient

transportation equity act – A legacy for users 221

Scope of Alternatives 41 Selection of interest rate 9, 11 Semi-annual compounding 9 Series compound amount factor 17 Series compound amount factor table

17 Series present worth factor 19, 20

For infinite service life 36 Series present worth factor table Serial bonds 178 Service life 23, 114, 117, 119, 133,

138, 147, 187 SIBs, see State Infrastructure Banks

196 Single payment transactions 13, 18 Sinking fund transactions 15

Derivation of 7, 8, 19 Sinking fund factor 16, 17, 37, 179,180 Sinking fund factor table 16 Special Benefit Assessment Districts

194 Speed-flow curves for freeways 86 SPW, see series present worth factor Standard and Poors 189 State Infrastructure Banks 196 System costs 58, 75, 105, 126, 139 T Tax increment financing 194 TEA-21, see Transportation equity act

for the 21st century 170 Term Bonds 179, 180 TIFIA, see Transportation infrastructure

finance and innovation act 196 Toll roads 154 Total compensation rate 83, 133 Total cost of vehicle operation 91

Traffic and Transportation Engineering Handbook 85

Transit/Traffic Impact Requirements 195

Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century 195

Transportation Demand 41 Transportation finance 3, 191 Transportation infrastructure finance and

innovation act 224 Travel time 74, 75, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85,

88, 89, 93, 103, 108, 113, 119, 121, 122, 126, 128, 129 Cost of 49, 119, 122 Value of 96, 116

Travel time costs 75, 109, 133, 142 U Uncertainty, 64, 65, 166 Uniform annual cost 66 Uniform Series Transactions 15

Sinking fund transactions 15 Unit user cost 51,52, 58, 129, 143 Urban mass transportation 168 User costs 32, 36, 43, 45, 52, 54, 60,

62, 79, 113, 128, 142, 186 V Value of travel time 81, 82, 83, 85, 89,

119 Vehicle operating costs 119 Vehicle Expenses 106 Vehicle Maintenance 106 W Wage rates 82, 83, 90, 119 Wages 75, 83, 108, 133 Z Zero-Coupon Bonds 181