Appendix I

ACCOUNT OF THE VASTLY RICH CLOATHS OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, THE NUMBER OF HIS SERVANTS AND OF THE

NOBLE PERSONAGES IN HIS TRAIN, WHEN HE WENT TO PARIS, AD. 1625, TO BRING OVER QUEEN HENRIETTA MARIA

(From the Harleian Collection.)

[This is a singular specimen of the luxurious magnificence of that great favourite.]

My Lord Duke is intended to take his journey towards Paris, on Wednes-day the 31st of March.

His Grace hath for his body, twenty-seven rich suits embroidered, and laced with silk and silver plushes; besides one rich white satin uncut vel­vet suit, set all over, both suit and cloak, with diamonds, the value whereof is thought to be worth fourscore thousand pounds, besides a feather made with great diamonds; with sword, girdle, hatband and spurs with diamonds, which suit His Grace intends to enter into Paris with. Another rich suit is of purple satin, embroidered all over with rich orient pearls; the cloak made after the Spanish fashion, with all things suitable, the value whereof will be 20,0001. and this is thought shall be for the wed­ding-day in Paris. His other suits are all rich as invention can frame, or art fashion. His colours for the entrance are white pwatchett, and for the wedding crimson and gold.

Three rich suits a piece, Twenty Privy Gentlemen; seven Grooms of his chamber; thirty Chief

Yeomen; two Master Cooks Of his own servants for the Household,

Twenty-five second Cooks; fourteen Yeomen of the second rank, seventeen Grooms to them; forty-five Labourers Selleters belonging to the kitchen.

295

296 Appendix I

Twelve Pages, three rich suits a-piece; twenty-four Footmen, three rich suits, and two rich coats a-piece; six Huntsmen, two rich suits a-piece; twelve Grooms, one suit a-piece; six Riders, one suit a-piece; besides eight others to attend the stable business.

Three rich velvet coaches inside; without with gold lace all over; eight horses in each coach, and six coachmen richly suited; eight-score musi­cians richly suited; twenty-two watermen, suited in sky-coloured taffety, all gilded with anchors, and my Lord's arms; all these to row in one barge of my Lord's. All these servants have every thing suitable, all being at his Grace's charge.

Lords already known to go. Marquis Hamilton, Mr. Villars, Earl Dorset, Mr. Edward Howard, Earl Denbigh, Lord President's* two sons, Earl Montgomery, Mr. William Legar, Earl Warwick, Mr. Francis Anslowe, Earl Anglesea, Mr. Edward Goring, Earl Salisbury, Mr. Walter Steward. Lord Walden,

Besides twenty-four Knights of great worth, all which will carry six or seven Pages a-piece and as many Footmen. This whole train will be six or seven hundred persons at least. When this list is perfect, there will appear many more than I have named.

* Lord Manchester.

Francis Grose, The Antiquarian Repertory, 4 vols (London, 1807-9), vol. 2, pp.13-4.

Notes

Notes to the Introduction

1 John Summerson, Inigo Jones (Harmondsworth, 1983), pp. 17-18. 2 H.M.C., Downshire Mss, vol. 4 (1940), p. 109. 3 Archivio di Stato, Florence, Mediceo 945, f. 102. 4 1. Pearsall-Smith, The Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, 2 vols (Oxford, 1907), vol. 1,

pp.118-19n. 5 Roy Strong, Art and Power (Woodbridge, 1986), p. 15. 6 Ibid., p. 11. 7 For an account of how historians have differed as to the causes of the Civil War, see

John Kenyon, The History Men (London, 1983), passim. 8 The sculptor who made English Renaissance tombs may not have carried them to their

location, or even worked out the terms of the contract. Middle-men frequently played a role in what was often a major and expensive social statement.

Notes to Chapter 1: The Royal Palace

For Richmond Palace, see Simon Thurley, The Royal Palaces of Tudor England (New Haven and London, 1993), pp. 27-32.

2 Ibid., p. 54. 3 Ibid., p. 63. 4 Ibid., pp. 52-3. 5 George Parfitt (ed.), Ben Jonson, The Complete Poems (Harmondsworth, 1988), p. 97. 6 Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, England, City of Cambridge, 2 Parts (1959),

Part II, p. 197. 7 A. W. Pugin, An Apology for the Revival of Christian Architecture in England (London,

1843), pp. 31-2. See also A. F. Kersting and David Watkin, Peterhouse: An Architectural Record, 1284-1984 (Peterhouse College), plates 35-8.

8 E. S. De Beer (ed.), The Diary of John Evelyn, 6 vols (Oxford, 1955), vol. III, pp. 426-8. 9 Eileen Harris, British Architectural Books and Writers (Cambridge, 1990), p. 418.

10 Thurley, The Royal Palaces, p. 60. 11 Michael Kiernan (ed.), Sir Francis Bacon, The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Moral, 2 vols

(Oxford, 1985), 'Of Building XLV', vol. 1, pp. 135-8. 12 Ibid., p. 285. 13 Jules Lubbock, The Tyranny of Taste: The Politics of Architecture and Design in Britain,

297

298 Notes

1550-1960 (New Haven and Yale, 1995). 14 Ibid., pp. 164-5. 15 Oliver Hill and John Cornforth, English Country Houses, Caroline 1625-1685 (London,

1966), p. 12. 16 Lubbock, The Tyranny of Taste, p. 164. 17 Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life, Correspondence and Collections of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arun­

del (Cambridge, 1921), p. 175. 18 For further reflections on the political uses to which Jones would put his practice see my

essay 'The politics of Inigo Jones', in David Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage in the Caro­line Courts (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 68-89.

19 PRO, S. P., 124/131. Loci genius spectatori hospiti. oculos maiestate ferientem Dominique animam magnificentissime loquentem hanc stratam vix ante lateritiam marmoreis iam per Europam quibusvis aequandam JACOBUS Magnae Britanniae monarcha primus abusque solo extruxit, horis genialibus spectaculis solennibus aulaeque Britannicae pompis destinatam, in aeternam nominis eiusdem et pacatissimi imperii gloriam posteris reliquit Anno MOCXXI

20 F. H. Relf, 'Notes on the Debates of the House of Lords', Royal Historical Society, XLII (1929), pp. 48-50. I am grateful to Gregory Martin for drawing my attention to these documents.

21 Per Palme, Triumph of Peace (London, 1957), pp. 176-99. 22 Julius Held, Rubens and his Circle (Princeton, 1982), 'Rubens' Glynde Sketch and the

Installation of the Whitehall Ceiling', pp. 126-37. 23 Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven and London, 1992), p. 666. 24 John Harris and Gordon Higgott, Inigo Jones Complete Architectural Drawings (London,

1989), cat. no. 29. 25 Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life, Correspondence and Collections of Thomas Howard Earl of Arun-

del (Cambridge, 1921), p. 390. 26 Linda Levy Peck and Jenny Wormald are the leading revisionists of the court of James I. 27 Thomas Locke to Dudley Carleton, 11 November 1620, es.p. (Dom.), CXVII, 71. 28 Arthur B. Chamberlain, Hans Holbein the Younger, 2 vols (New York, 1913), vol. 2, p. 293. 29 D. Harris Willson, King James VI and I (London, 1956), pp. 193-4. 30 R. Wittkower, 'Puritanissimo Fiero', Burlington Magazine, 9 February 1948, pp. 50-1. 31 48th Annual Report of The Deputy Keeper of The Public Records (London, 1887), Appendix 3,

p. 474, no. 28. 'Jones, Inigo, Surveyor of H. M. Works. Privilege of exemption from juries, assizes, and inquests; subsidies, fifteenths, tenths, and other taxes, etc; and from serving as sheriff, constable, escheator, tithingman; with a pardon for not taking the order of knighthood. April 26/ April271633.'

32 PRO, S. P. 23/177, ff. 777-8. 33 For the Eltham Ordinances, G. R. Elton, The Tudor Constitution (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 93-4.

For ceremonies and protocol at the court of Charles I, Albert J. Loomie, Ceremonies of Charles I (New York, 1987), passim.

34 M. Whinney, John Webb's Drawings of Whitehall Palace (Walpole Society, vol. XXXI, 1946).

Notes 299

35 Catherine Wilkinson Zerner, Juan de Herrera Architect to Philip II of Spain (New Haven and Yale, 1993), pp. 50-I.

36 I am grateful to Jeremy Wood for this revealing information on Charles I's accountancy methods.

Notes to Chapter 2: The God that Rules

J. S. Morrill, 'The religious context of the English Civil War', Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., 5th series, 34 (1984), pp. 155-78, and idem, 'The attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament, 1640-42', in D. Beales and G. Best (eds), History, Society and the Churches (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 105-24.

2 Maurice Howard, The Early Tudor Country House (London, 1987), p. 210. 3 D. H. Willson, King James VI and I (London, 1956), p. 207. 4 G. R. Elton, The Tudor Constitution (Cambridge, 1960), p. 344. 5 W. Scott and J. Bliss (eds), The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, William Laud, 7

vols (Oxford, 1847-60), vol. 3, pp. 129-255. 6 Kenneth Clarke, The Gothic Revival (London, 1974), p. 170. 7 Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven and London, 1992), pp. 345-8,

'Henry Sherfield: a case study in complexities'. 8 J. Wickham Legg (ed.), 'English Orders for the Consecration of Churches', Henry Brad­

shaw Society, 41 (1911), pp. 101-12. 9 Per Palme, Triumph of Peace (London, 1957), pp. 23-4.

10 John Harris and Gordon Higgott, Inigo Jones Complete Architectural Drawings (London, 1989), cat. no 4.

11 John Summerson, Inigo Jones (Harmondsworth, 1983), p. 105. 12 William Kent's 1727 design of the elevation of the west front shows a balustrade with

ten statues. 13 British Library, Harleian Ms, 5900, fol. 56 r. 14 J. Alfred Gotch, Inigo Jones (London, 1928), pp. 155-6. 15 Ibid., pp. 157-8. 16 Ibid., p. 159. 17 Ibid., p. 159. 18 Howard Colvin, 'Inigo Jones and the Church of St Michael Le Querne', The London Jour­

nal, 12, no. 1 (1986), pp. 36-40. 19 David Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage in the Caroline Courts (Cambridge, 1993), the

author's essay The politics of Inigo Jones', pp. 79-82. 20 Peter Heylyn, Cyprianus Anglicus (London, 1671), p. 209. 21 F. A. Patterson et al. (eds), The Works of John Milton, 18 vols (New York, 1931-8), vol. VII

(1932), pp. 141-3, and vol. III, Part I (1931), pp. 54-5. 22 For the fullest account of Gage, Susan Barnes, 'Van Dyck and George Gage', pp. 1-12, in

Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage. 23 Tobie Matthew wrote to Sir Dudley Carleton, English ambassador to The Hague, on 25

February 1617, about a picture Rubens was painting for Carleton: 'If yr LP be pleased to exchange your Chaine for the Picture I will take all the paines I can, and Mr Gage will gladlie use all the judgement he hath, to make the Maister doe it excellentlie: W. Noel Sainsbury, Original Unpublished Papers relating to Rubens (London, 1859), p. 18.

24 British Library, Trumbull Ms. Alph. Correspondence vol. XLIV, item 52. 25 Joseph Jacobs (ed.), Epistolae Hoelianae, The Familiar Letters of James Howell, 2 vols (Lon­

don, 1890), vol. 2, p. 45, Letter no. XXXVIII. 26 Joanna H. Harting, Catholic London Missions (London, 1903), p. 9. 27 Erica Veevers, Images of Love and Religion: Queen Henrietta Maria and Court Entertainments

(Cambridge, 1989), pp. 165-71.

300 Notes

28 Ibid., p. 167. 29 Francis Haskell, 'Charles I's Collection of Pictures', p. 211, in Arthur MacGregor (ed.),

The Late King's Goods (Oxford and London, 1989). 30 Ibid., p. 221.

Notes to Chapter 3: The Royal Portrait: The Tudors

1 David Starkey (ed.), Henry VIII: A European Court in England (London, 1991), p. 61. 2 Simon Thurley, The Royal Palaces of Tudor England (New Haven and London, 1993),

p.209. 3 Ibid., p. 39. 4 'Whether it was conceived as a design for a mural decoration, like those carried out by

Holbein for The Steelyard, remains conjectural', K. T. Parker, The Drawings of Hans Hol­bein in The Collection of His Majesty The King at Windsor Castle (Oxford and London, 1945), p.35.

5 In the revised catalogue raisonne of the paintings of Holbein, it is stated that the Solomon miniature is 'Another work in which Henry's new position of supremacy is shown'. John Rowlands, Holbein (Oxford, 1985), p. 91.

6 Holbein and the Court of Henry VIII (The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace, 1978-9), no. 88.

7 There is a certain difficulty with the argument that the Holbein miniature is a record of a lost wall-painting. As Jeremy Wood has pointed out to me, if that had been the case, we might have expected a record in the inscription in Hollar's etching of 1642, where the miniature is recorded as 'ex Collectione Arundelia'.

8 Roy Strong, The Cult of Elizabeth I (London, 1977), p. 50. 9 Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven and London, 1992), pp. 52-62.

10 Margaret Aston, The King's Bedpost (Cambridge, 1993). 11 Roy Strong, The English Icon (London, 1969), p. 71. 12 For a refutation of this myth, see H. S. Ettlinger, 'The question of sr George's garter',

Burlington Magazine, 125 (1983), pp. 25-9. 13 Starkey (ed.), Henry VIII, pp. 140-45, Rory MacEntegart, 'Fatal Matrimony: Henry VIII

and the Marriage to Anne of Cleves'. 14 Ronald Forsyth Millen and Robert Erich Wolf, Heroic Deeds and Mystic Figures (Prince­

ton, 1989), p. 51. 15 M. Rooses and C. Ruelens, Codex Diplomaticus Rubenianus: Correspondance de Rubens et

Documents Epistolaires concernant sa vie et ses oeuvres, 6 vols (Antwerp, 1887-1909), vol. 4, Doc. no. CCCCXLI.

16 Martin Warnke, The court artist: On the ancestry of the modern artist (Cambridge, 1993), p.121.

17 Millen and Wolf, Heroic Deeds, p. 50. 18 Joanna Woodall, 'An Exemplary Consort: Antonis Mor's Portrait of Mary Tudor', Art

History, vol. 14, no. 2 (1991), pp. 192-225. 19 Paul Johnson, Elizabeth I: A Study in Power and Intellect (London, 1974), p. 55. 20 Ibid., p. 12. 21 Warnke, The court artist, p. 195. 22 Janet Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (Leeds, 1988), p. 122. 23 Gregorio Panzani to Cardinal Francesco Barberini, 26 September 1635, Vatican Library,

Barberini Latina 8635, fol. 51. 24 Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd, passim, for the fullest account of the impor­

tance of dress and jewellery for the queen. 25 Arnold, Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd, p. 122. 26 Strong, The Cult of Elizabeth I, pp. 50-52.

Notes 301

27 Roy Strong and Julia Trevelyan Oman, Elizabeth R (London, 1971), p. 44. 28 Jules Lubbock, The Tyranny of Taste: The Politics of Architecture and Design in Britain,

1550-1960 (New Haven and Yale, 1995), p. 159.

Notes to Chapter 4: The Royal Portrait: The Stuarts

W. Noel Sainsbury, Original Papers relating to Rubens (London, 1859), p. 61. 2 This point was drawn to my attention by Anne Thackray. 3 Gregory Martin, 'The Banqueting House ceiling: Two newly-discovered projects',

Apollo, February 1994, pp. 29-34. 4 Geoffrey Whitney, A Choice of Emblemes (Amsterdam and New York, 1969 reprint),

p.168. 5 I am grateful to Diana Scarisbrick for allowing me to make use of her researches on the

symbolism of the jewellery in this portrait. 6 Rubens to Pierre Dupuy, London, 8 August 1629, in R. S. Magurn, The Letters of Peter

Paul Rubens (Cambridge, Mass., 1955), p. 320. 7 See Graham Parry's essay 'Van Dyck and the Caroline Court poets', p. 250, in Susan

Barnes and Arthur J. Wheelock (eds), Van Dyck 350 (Washington, 1994). 8 Especially perhaps by Roy Strong, in Henry, Prince of Wales (London, 1986). Significantly,

the book has as its sub-title and England's Lost Renaissance. 9 Peter Burke, The Fabrication of Louis XIV (New Haven and London, 1992), p. 9.

10 See David Howarth, 'Charles I: Sculpture and Sculptors', p. 74, in Arthur MacGregor, The Late King's Goods (Oxford and London, 1989). Whether this idea had any connection with the proposal of the House of Lords is not something which I have yet been able to unraveL

11 Martin Warnke, The court artist: On the ancestry of the modern artist (Cambridge, 1993), p.196.

12 Oliver Millar, 'Abraham Van Der Doort's Catalogue of the Collections of Charles [', Walpole Society, 37 (1958-60), p. 62.

13 Oliver Millar, The Tudor, Stuart and Early Georgian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty The Queen, 2 vols (London, 1963), text voL, p. 94.

14 Ibid., text voL, p. 98. 15 Isaac D'Isreali, Curiosities of Literature, 3 vols (London, 1859), voL 2, pp. 329-30. 16 John Evelyn, Numismata (London, 1698), p. 335. 17 Harold E. Wethey, The Paintings of Titian, 3 vols (London, 1969-1975), vol I, The Religious

Paintings, Cat. no. 96: Lost Examples 2, London, Charles I 'A Saint kneeling before a Cross by Titian', Charles I Inventory of Sale, LR, 2/124, foL 118v.

Notes to Chapter 5: The Tomb

John Weever, Antient funerall Monuments (London, 1631), p. 52, and Margaret Aston, England's Iconoclasts (Oxford, 1988), pp. 314-15.

2 Weever, Antient funerall Monuments, p. 5. 3 H. M. Colvin, D. R. Ransome, John Summerson, The History of The King's Works, voL III,

1485-1660 (Part I) (HMSO, 1982), p. 187. 4 Thomas Astle, The Will of King Henry VII (London, 1775), pp. 5-6. 5 Colvin et al., History of The King's Works, p. 220. 6 It is commonly assumed that Windsor Castle was the setting for this court ceremony but

Per Palme, Triumph of Peace (London, 1957), p. 124, wrote that 'Whitehall was the favoured setting for the festival during the early part of the century:

7 James Spedding et al. (eds), The Works of Francis Bacon, 14 vols (London, 1858), voL vi, p.245.

302 Notes

8 Colvin et aI., History of The King's Works, pp. 221-2. 9 John Speed, The History of Great Britaine (London, 1611), p. 784.

10 William Camden, Britannia (London, 1695), p. 435. 11 PRO, State Papers (Dom.), XXXVII, 41,15 August 1565. 12 A. P. Stanley, Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey (London, 1869), p. 177. 13 Cecil Papers (Marquess of Salisbury, Hatfield House), vol. 121, fol. 1. 14 Stanley, Historical Memorials, pp. 179-80. 15 Nikolaus Pevsner, London 1: The Cities of London and Westminster, The Buildings of

England (Harmondsworth, 1957), p. 381. 16 William Camden, Reges, Reginae, Nobiles, et alii in ecclesia collegiata B. Petri Westmonasterii

sepulti. 17 Roy Strong, Henry, Prince of Wales, p. 7. 18 J. S. A. Adamson, 'Chivalry and political culture in Caroline England', Kevin Sharpe

and Peter Lake (eds), Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (London, 1994), p. 191. 19 Ibid., pp. 191-3. 20 John Peacock, 'Inigo Jones's catafalque for James 1', Architectural History, xxv (1982), pp. 1-5. 21 For the fullest account of royal funerary effigies, A. Harvey and R. Mortimer (eds), The

Funeral Effigies of Westminster Abbey (Woodbridge, 1994). 22 John Harris and Gordon Higgott, Inigo Jones Complete Architectural Drawings (London,

1989), cat. no. 53. 23 PRO, L.c. 2/6. 24 Mary Edmond, 'Limners and Picturemakers - New light on the lives of miniaturists and

large-scale portrait-painters working in London in the sixteenth and seventeenth cen­turies', The Walpole Society, 47 (1978-80), pp. 165-7.

25 N. E. McClure, The Letters of John Chamberlain, 2 vols (Philadelphia, 1939), vol. II, p. 564. 26 Weever, Antient funerall Monuments, p. xx. 27 Ronald Lightbown, 'The sculpture of Isaac Besnier', in David Howarth (ed.), Art and

Patronage in the Caroline Courts (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 155-6. 28 David Howarth, 'Charles I: Sculpture and Sculptors', in Arthur MacGregor, The Late

King's Goods (Oxford and London, 1989), p. 89. 29 Charles Avery, 'Hubert Le Sueur, "the unworthy Praxiteles of King Charles In " The

Walpole Society, 48 (1980-2), p. 184. 30 Lightbown, 'Sculpture of Isaac Besnier', passim. 31 PRO, S.P., 105/8, fol. 28, Gerbier to the Duchess of Buckingham, Brussels, 16 October

1631: 'I will write to Monsr St Giles to have a care of the Epitafe .. .'. 32 Warwickshire County Record Office, Feilding Papers, Cl. 9. Letter endorsed: 'Ans: 20

Sept. 1631 Geneva'. I am grateful to Philip McEvansoneya for pointing out that this ref­erence must refer to the Portsmouth not the Westminster monument.

33 R. A. Beddard, 'Wren's Mausoleum for Charles I and the cult of the Royal Martyr', Architectural History, 27 (1984), pp. 36-47.

34 Tacitus, Historiae, IV. 15. 35 T. Dickinson and Heinrich Harke, 'Early Anglo-Saxon Shields', Archaeologia, 110 (1992),

pp.61-2.

Notes to Chapter 6: Patrons of Power

1 J. M. Fletcher, 'Isabella d'Este, Patron and Collector', in David Chambers and Jane Mar­tineau (eds), Splendours of the Gonzaga (London, 1981), pp. 51-65

2 W. Knowler (ed.), The Earl of Strafford's Letters and Dispatches, 2 vols (London, 1739), vol. 1, p. 16.

3 Strafford to Conway, Fairwood Park, 13 August 1639, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 381. 4 Strafford to Carlisle, Westminster, 20 May 1633, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 85.

Notes 303

5 H. M. Colvin et aI., History of The King's Works, vol. IV (Part II) (HMSO, 1982), p. 362. 6 Philip A. Knachel (ed.), Eikon Basi/ike: The Portraiture of His Sacred Majesty in His Solitudes

and Sufferings, Folger Documents of Tudor and Stuart Civilization (New York, 1966), p. 6. 7 Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 1, p. 112. 8 10 March 1635, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 379. 9 12 August 1633, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 102.

10 16 December 1634, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 347. 11 Ibid., p. 348. 12 M. Craig, 'New Light on Jigginstown', Ulster Journal of Archaeology, col. 33 (1970), pp. 107-10. 13 20 November 1633, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 1, p. 158. 14 24 December 1633, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 168. 15 31 January 1634, in ibid., vol. 1, pp. 200-I. 16 22 February 1633, Sheffield City Libraries, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, 13/20I. 17 20 September 1634, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 1, p. 30I. 18 3 October 1634, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 303. 19 6 October 1634, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 306. 20 27 October 1634, Sheffield City Libraries, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, 14/197. 21 22 January 1635, ibid., 14/280. 22 16 March 1635, ibid., 8/205-7. 23 46th Annual Report of The Deputy Keeper of The Public Records (London, 1886), Appendix

11, p. 44. 24 For Christian IV's building works see 'Koldinghus', pp. 463-507, in Christian IV and

Europe: The 19th Art Exhibition of the Council of Europe (Denmark, 1988). 25 14 September 1635, Sheffield City Libraries, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, 8/266. 26 R. Ollard and P. Tudor-Craig (eds), For Veronica Wedgwood These (London, 1986), Oliver

Millar, 'Strafford and Van Dyck', pp. 109-23. 27 10 April 1638, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 2, p. 158. 28 14 May 1638, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 170. 29 Charles Avery, 'Hubert Le Sueur, "the unworthy Praxiteles of King Charles I" " The

Walpole Society, 48 (1980-2), p. 184. 30 PRO, E 403/2751, fol. 60, consists of a payment of £411/11s/3d for providing three sets

of tapestries 'for furnishing the presence drawing Chamber and Councell Chamber in the said Kingdom of Ireland'. I am grateful to Jeremy Wood for providing me with this reference.

31 Hugh Kearney, Strafford in Ireland, 1633-41: A Study in Absolutism (Cambridge, 1989), p. 173.

32 27 September 1637, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 2, pp. 105-6. 33 ? December 1633, in ibid., vol. 1, p. 173. 34 For Shirley in Ireland, see John P. Turner Jr, A Critical Edition of James Shirley's ST

PATRICK FOR IRELAND (New York and London, 1977). 35 PRO, State Papers, Ireland (Chas. 1), vol. CCLVI, 48, 21 August 1637. 36 6 January 1639, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 2, p. 267. 37 David Howarth, 'William Trumbull and art collecting in Jacobean England', British

Library Journal, vol. 20, no. 2 (Autumn 1994), pp. 152-4. 38 Brendan O'Hehir, Harmony from Discords: A Life of Sir John Denham (Berkeley and Los

Angeles, 1968), p. 3I. 39 Brendan O'Hehir, Expans'd Hieroglyphicks: A Critical Edition of Sir John Denham's

COOPERS HILL (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969), pp. 130-I. 40 Martin Warnke, The court artist: On the ancestry of the modern artist (Cambridge, 1993),

p.I84. 41 12 January 1640, in Knowler, Earl of Strafford's Letters, vol. 2, p. 390. 42 Kearney, Strafford in Ireland, p. xxxv.

304 Notes

Notes to Chapter 7: Collecting: Patronage and Display

E. F. Rogers (ed.), St Thomas More: Selected Letters (New Haven and London, 1961), p. 164. 2 John Rowlands, Holbein (Oxford, 1985), pp. 87-8. 3 Roy Strong, Holbein and Henry VIII (London, 1967), p. 67. 4 Arthur K. Wheelock and Susan Barnes, Anthony Van Dyck (Washington, 1990), cat. no. 17. 5 See David Howarth, 'Van Dyck Triumphant in Washington', Apollo, January 1991, p. 39, 6 Wheelock and Barnes, Anthony Van Dyck, cat. no. 17. 7 Freeman O'Donoghue, Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits in The British Museum, 6

vols (London, 1908-1925), vol. V (1922), p. 49, describes the print by Baron after Van Dyck as: 'Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, W.L. seated with his first Countess Susan Vere'.

8 Malcolm Rogers, 'Van Dyck's Portrait of Lord George Stuart, Seigneur d'Aubigny, and some related works', pp. 263-81, in Susan J. Barnes and Arthur K. Wheelock (eds), Van Dyck 350, Studies in the History of Art, 46 (National Gallery of Art, Washington, Balti­more, 1994).

9 S. J. Gunn and P. G. Linley (eds), Cardinal Wolsey, Church, state and art (Cambridge, 1991), chapters 2-5 and 10, for his patronage of the arts.

10 David Howarth, Lord Arundel and his Circle (New Haven and London, 1985), p. 1. 11 John Wolley to Trumbull, 15 February 161[8]9, British Library, Trumbull Ms. Alph. vol.

XL VIII, f. 8v. 12 Wotton to Isaac Bargrave, Venice, 5 July 1618. Logan Pearsall Smith, The Life and Letters

of Henry Wotton, 2 vols (Oxford, 1907), vol 2, p. 151. 13 Ibid., vol. 1, no. 58. 14 W. Dunn Mackray (ed.), The History of the Great Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, 6 vols

(Oxford, 1888), vol. 1, p. 82. 15 46th Annual Report of The Deputy Keeper of The Public Records (London, 1886), Appendix

II, p. 48 '1623 21 March, N.5. Hague. Sir Dudley Carleton to Christian IV. Recommends Constantio Hugins for his service.'

16 Martin Warnke, The court artist: On the ancestry of the modern artist (Cambridge, 1993), p. 103. 17 Matthew de Quester wrote to Trumbull from London on 29 January 1607[8] about send­

ing instruments to a musician in Brussels and mentioned 'Mr Bassano one of his Majesty's musicians who, maketh rare wind instruments'. H.M.C., Downshire Manuscripts, vol. 2 (London, 1936), p. 463.

18 W. Noel Sainsbury, Original Unpublished Papers relating to Rubens (London, 1859), p. 37. 19 H.M.C., Downshire Manuscripts, vol. 3 (London, 1938), p. 30. 20 W. Noel Sainsbury, Original Papers relating to Rubens (London, 1859), p. 49. 21 David Howarth, 'Rubens's"owne pourrtrait" ',Apolio, October 1990, pp. 238-41. 22 Ibid., p. 239. 23 J. B. Trapp, 'Quentin Matsys, Desiderius Erasmus, Pieter Gillis and Thomas More' (with

Lome Campbell, Margaret Mann Phillips and Hubertus Schutte Herbruggen), Burlington Magazine, 1978, 120, pp. 716-24.

24 Mary Webster, Firenze e l'Inghilterra (Florence, 1971), cat. no. 28. 25 House of Lords Record Office, 3 Car. 1, no. 10. 26 This was an argument I put forward in a paper on Lady Arundel at a conference entitled

New Perspectives on the Earl and Countess of Arundel: Collecting in the Stuart Court, held at the Getty Museum in the autumn of 1995 in connection with the exhibition, The Earl and Countess of Arundel Renaissance Collectors.

27 Warwickshire County Record Office, Feilding Papers, C.1.16, n.d. 28 R. Malcolm Smuts, Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart

England (Philadelphia, 1987), chapter 5 'The Discovery of European Art: Collecting and Patronage', pp. 117-138.

Notes 305

29 David Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage in the Caroline Courts (Cambridge, 1993), the author's essay 'The politics of Inigo Jones', pp. 68-90.

30 British Library, Trumbull Ms. Misc. XVII. 31 Ronald Lightbown, Mantegna (Oxford, 1986), p. 442. 32 Per Palme, Triumph of Peace (London, 1957), pp. 255-66. 33 Howarth, Apollo, p. 238. 34 W. G. Thomson, Tapestry Weaving in England (London, 1914), p. 68. 35 Peter Heylyn, Aulicus Coquinariae (London, 1650), p. 66. 36 Mary F. S. Hervey, The Life, Correspondence and Collections of Thomas Howard Earl of Arun­

del (Cambridge, 1921), pp. 255-6. 37 By Giles Worsley at a conference on the theme of the London town house, held at the

Institute of Historical Research, London University, in July 1993. 38 John Evelyn, Numismata (London, 1698), p. 50. 39 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire, The Buildings of England (Harmondsworth, 1954), p. 110. 40 Paul Shakeshaft, 'To much bewiched with thoes intysing things', Burlington Magazine,

128, 1986, pp. 114-32; and Ellis Waterhouse, 'Paintings from Venice for 17th century England', Italian Studies, vii (1952), pp. 1-23.

41 Howarth, Lord Arundel, p. 142.

Notes to Chapter 8: Writers and Critics 1 Peter Gwyn, The King's Cardinal (London, 1990), p. 30. 2 Ibid., p. 29. 3 Ibid., pp. xxi-xxii. 4 Sir Thomas Elyot, The Boke Named The Governour (Everyman edn), p. 28. 5 Ibid., p. 30. 6 Lucy Gent, Picture and Poetry, 1560-1620 (Leamington Spa, 1981). 7 Ibid., p. 35. 8 Ibid., p. 36. 9 William Shakespeare, Sonnet 55.

10 Gent, Picture and Poetry, p. 39. 11 PRO, S.P. 16/79/123. Note added by Filippo Burlamachi in the margins of a letter

received from Nicholas Lanier datable after 17 October 1627. 12 Roger Lockyer, Buckingham (London and New York, 1981), p. 323. 13 William M. Lamont, Marginal Prynne (London, 1963), p. 6. 14 Martin Butler, Theatre and Crisis, 1632-1642 (Cambridge, 1987), p. 314, n. 2. 15 S. R. Gardiner (ed.), 'Documents relating to the Proceedings against William Prynne in

1634 and 1637' (Camden Society, New Series xviii, 1877), passim. 16 William Prynne, Histrio-mastix, The Player's Scourge; or, Actors TragiEdie (London, 1633),

unpaginated preface. 17 Ibid., pp. 742-3. 18 Ibid., p. 90l. 19 Ibid., p. 12. 20 W. Dunn Macray, The History of the Great Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, 6 vols

(Oxford, 1888), vol. 1, pp. 62-3. 21 Kevin Sharpe, The Personal Rule of Charles I (New Haven and London, 1992), pp. 151-3. 22 Elizabeth DuGue Trapier, 'Sir Arthur Hopton and the Interchange of Paintings between

England and Spain in the Seventeenth Century', Connoisseur, 164 (1967), pp. 239-43, and 165 (1967), pp. 60-3. Wethey, The Paintings of Titian, vol. II, The Portraits, cat. no. 115, under 'Lost Copies' of the Escorial version of the The Martyrdom of St Lawrence, notes: '2. London, Charles I Inventory of Sale, 1649 (Charles I: LR, 2/124, folio 117 v., no. 12)'.

23 5 February 1622, British Library, Trumbull Ms, Misc. vol. XIV, item 28.

306 Notes

24 British Library, Trumbull Ms, Misc. vol. XV (1623), Item 150 'Relation of Occurrences in England'. An unsigned newsletter in manuscript.

25 British Library, 30 May 1623, Trumbull Ms, Alph., vol. XLVIII, f. 97. 26 William Prynne, Rames Master-Peece (London, 1643), p. 24. 27 Ibid., p. 23. 28 Sir Kenelm Digby to Lord Conway, 27 July 1637, PRO, C.S.P. (Dom.), CCCLXIV, 68. 29 Virgil B. Heltzel (ed.), The Complete Gentleman (Ithaca, 1962), pp. 128-9. 30 Ibid., p. 128. 31 Allan Ellenius, De Arte Pingendi (Uppsala, 1960), p. 48. 32 Bodleian Library, Marshall Ms., 80 (Bod. Ms. 8661), f. 13 and ff. 18-19. 33 Michael Bryan's Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (London,

1813-1816). 34 Ellenius, De Arte Pingendi, p. 92. 35 Keith Aldrich, Philipp Fehl and Raina Fehl, Franciscus Junius, The Literature of Classical

Art, 2 vols (Berkeley, 1991), vol. 1, The Painting of the Ancients, and vol. 2, A Lexicon of Artists and Their Works.

36 Ibid., vol. 1, p. xxvi. 37 Ibid., vol. 1, p. lxxxi. 38 Ibid., vol. 1, pp. xxvii-xviii. 39 Franciscus Junius, The Painting of the Ancients (Farnborough reprint, 1972), p. 13. 40 Ibid., p. 54. 41 Ibid., p. 81. 42 Ibid., p. 82. 43 David Howarth, 'Charles I: Sculpture and Sculptors', in Arthur MacGregor, The Late

King's Goods (Oxford and London, 1989), pp. 92-3. 44 Avery, Le Sueur, op. cit., doc. 75. 45 Howarth, The Late King's Goods, pp. 89-90. 46 Junius, Painting of the Ancients, p. 140. 47 Ibid., p. 146. 48 Butler, Theatre and Crisis, pp. 130-2. 49 The Dramatic Works of Richard Brome Containing Fifteen Comedies Naw First Collected In

Three Volumes (London, 1873), vol. 2, The Covent Garden Weeded, pp. 1-2. 50 Ibid., p. 2. 51 Ibid., p. 2. 52 Malcolm Smuts, Court Culture and the Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England

(Philadelphia, 1987), p. 128. 53 Brome, The Covent Garden Weeded, p. 1. 54 Ibid., p. 2. 55 Ibid., p. 8. 56 Ibid., p. 9. 57 British Library, Harleian Ms., 5900, fol. 57v. 58 The biography is Harleian Ms., 5900, ff. 57r-58v. 59 James F. Larkin and Paul L. Hughes, Stuart Royal Proclamations, 2 vols (Oxford, 1973),

vol. 1, no. 152. 60 Richard Barber (ed.), John Aubrey Brief Lives (London, 1975), p. 259. 61 Richard Brathwaite, The English Gentleman (London, 1641), p. 37. 62 Richard Brathwaite, The English Gentlewoman (London, 1641), p. 380. 63 Graham Parry, 'The Great Picture of Lady Anne Clifford', pp. 202-19, in David

Howarth (ed.), Art and Patronage in the Caroline Courts (Cambridge, 1993). 64 Martin Warnke, The court artist: On the ancestry of the modern artist (Cambridge, 1993),

p.227.

Index

Aachen, Hans von, 100 Accession Day tilt, 3, 250 acc/amatio, 188 Act of Appeals, 54 acting, 205 actors, female, 272 Adamson, John, 7, 9 adlocutio, 208 Albermarle, George Monck, 1st Duke

of,187 Albert, Archduke, Regent of the

Spanish Netherlands, 242 Albert Memorial, 162 Albury, Surrey, 259 Alen<;on, Duke of (Anjou), 110 Alexander the Great, 243 Alfonso, II of Naples, 4 allegorical figures

Benevolentia, 182 Envy, 189 Heresy, 189 Hypocrisy, 189 Justice, 120-2, 188 Fame, 182-3 Fortitude, 188 Peace, 174 Prudence, 188 Rebellion, 189 Religion, 174 Temperance, 188 Time, 113-14 Truth,114 Wisdom, 114

Allen, Cardinal, 236 Alpers, Svetlana, The Art of Describing, 5

Alva, Duke of, 106, 234 ambassadors, role of in taste for art,

235-44 Andrewes, Lancelot, bishop of

Winchester, 53, 55, 281 Anglican Church

alienation from, 63, 65-6 Apostolic church, 61 Arminianism, 53, 238, 273, 285, 290 attacks on, 52-5, 279 authenticity, 15, 61 authority of, 63-6 bishops, 67 break with Rome, 50, 53-4 church building, 51-2, 285, 289-90 church decoration, 53-63 Catholic Emancipation Act, 52 Convocation, 50, 84 defence, 52 dignity of, 56-7 High Church, 15, 147, 184 liturgy, 56, 57-8 national style, 15 Predestination, 53 Presbyterians, 51 Primitivism 1 Prynne,55,275-80 Puritans, 52-3 Roman Liturgy, 15 Thirty Nine Articles, 50 St Augustine, 15, 61 Settlement, 184, 187 Test and Corporation Acts, 52 Visitations, 57 See also Laud

307

308 Index

Anne of Cleves, 96 Anne of Denmark, 46, 127-31, 176 antiquarianism, 213 antiquities, 237-8, 241 Antwerp, 234, 242

church of S. Carlo Borromeo <Jesuits), 31,78,145

Antwerp Mannerists, 234 Apelles,243 Appleton House, Yorks, 193 Argyll, Archibald, 7th Earl of, 228 Aristotle, 281 Armada, The, 254 Arnold, Janet, 9 Arthur, Prince of Wales, 4 artists

accounts, 48 status of, 127

Arundel Castle, 246 Arundel House, 84, 89, 246, 248, 255,

259,281,284 Arundel, Alathea Talbot, countess of,

31,176,232,240,247,283 Arundel, St Philip Howard, 1st Earl of,

255 Arundel, Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of,

67,71,89,205,207,212,232, 244-5,248,249,250,260,278,281

circle, 283-4 collection and tastes, 244-9, 254-9,

281-3; compared with Buckingham collection, 259

drawings, 256, 284 Hamilton, rivalry with as collectors,

259-60 Holbein, 'foolish curiosity' for, 255

gift of, 244-6 Inigo Jones, 89, 205, 207 nunnery, 278 pioneer of taste, 259

Ashmole, Sir Elias, 188 Ashmolean Museum, 188 Aske, Richard, 154 Aston, Margaret, The Kings Bedpost,

90-2 Aubrey, John, 291 Audley End, Essex, 255

Bacon, Sir Francis, 29, 159-60 Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 29 Bagford,James,62,290 Baglione, Giovanni, 72

Virgin and Child, 72

balconies, 290 Baliol, John, 164 Bandinelli, Baccio, 162 Banqueting House, Whitehall, 12, 25,

34-43,120,178,183,189,205,244 alterations, 35, 37 as cenotaph, 165 compared with Star Chamber, 40-41 functions of, 41,159 paintings, 34, 84,122-7 St George's Day Feast, 41, 159

Barberini, 203 Barberini, Cardinal Francesco, 71, 72,

147 Barclay, Alexander, 254 Barlow, Francis, 180 basilica, 37, 120 Basilikon Doron, 38,144 Basle, 78, 84, 218 Bath and Wells, inn of the bishops of,

256 Baxandall, Michael, 138

Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy, 5

Beauchamp chapel, St Mary's Warwick, 155

Beauty of holiness, 55, 66 Bedford, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of,

205,232,290,293 Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert, 52, 67, 276 Bembo, Pietro, Della Volgar Lingua, 265 Beningbrough, Yorks, 196 Benoot, Jan, 213 Bentham, Jeremy, 151 Beowulf,188 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 31, 71, 145-7,

217,294 Francesco d'Este, Duke of Modena, 152

Besnier, Isaac, 180, 183 Bible, vernacular, 94, 221

books of Chronicles, 84 Ecclesiastes, 209 Isaiah, 124 II Kings, 91 Judges, 37

Biblical characters and events Ahasuerus, 92 Belshazzar, 66 Epiphany, 90, 127 Hezekiah,91-2 Joseph,143 Joseph of Arimathaea, 61

Index 309

Judas, 94 Queen of Sheba, 84 The Magi, 143 Solomon, 38,59,66,120 Stations of the Cross, 279 Susannah, 238 Virgin Mary, 27, 90, 92, 120, 169

Bilford,2 Binion, secretary to Wotton in Venice,

65 Bodley, Sir Thomas, 120 Boime, Albert, Art in an Age of

Revolution, 5 Boleyn, Anne, 77, 218, 221 Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London,

102 Bourchier, Cardinal Thomas,

Archbishop of Canterbury, 263 Bourchier, Sir John, 196 Brathwaite, Richard, 291-3

The English Gentleman, 291-2 The English Gentlewoman, 291-2

brick, marble and stone, use of in building, 12,29,33

Brome, Richard,286 The Weeding of The Covent Garden,

287-91 Brou,Burgundy,156 Brown, Jonathan, 5 Brussels, 96, 144, 182,236,277 Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke

of,9,139,216,237,238,244,247, 248,249,250,261,270

attacks on, 270, 272 Carleton, 238 Charles, I, influence on, 177, 247,

250-2 children, 182 collection, 247-8, 259 compared with Arundel collection,

259 keeper of, 247 pictures and statues from France, 252

dress of, see appendix I funerary monuments, 177-83 marriage, 226 tastes, 259 travels, 247, 250-2, 295-6

Buckingham, Katherine Manners, Duchess of, 177-8, 181, 182,247

Burckhardt, Jacob, The Civilization of The Renaissance in Italy, 4

Burghley House, Northants, 26

Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, 18,52, 107, 114,216,233

Burke, Peter, The Fabrication of Louis XIV,5

Burlamachi, Filippo, 252, 270 Burlington, Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of,

201 Burton, Henry, 280 Butler, Martin, 272, 279, 287 Butts, Dr, 96

Calvert, George, 1st Baron Baltimore, 192

Calvinists and Calvinism, 27, 53, 91 Cambridge University, 261

chancellorship, 161, 182 colleges: King's, 83, 156 Peterhouse, 15-6,257 St John's, 15, 182 Trinity, 221

Camden Society, 67 Camden, William, 263

Britannia, 164,263 Epitaphs, 171

Campbell, Colen, Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725),131

Campi, Bernardino, 141 Campion, St Edmund, 255 Caravaggio, Conversion of Saul, 136 Carleton, Lady, 172 Carleton, Sir Dudley, 1st Viscount

Dorchester, 177, 237-44, 260 Carlisle, James Hay, 1st Earl of, 196,

244,250 Carlton, Charles, 10 Cartwright, Thomas, 52 Cary, Valentine, bishop of Exeter, 15 Castiglione, Baldassare, 96

The Courtier (English trans., 1561), 11, 22

Catherine of Aragon, 4, 50, 160, 219 Catholics and catholicism, 76, 106, 129,

275 antipathto, 286, 289-90 conspirators, 279 patrons, 106 missionaries, 52,106,146,184,187

Cavendish, George, Life of Wolsey (1558),261

Caxton, William, 2 Cecil family, 46, see 'Burghley' and

'Salisbury' Cecil, Sir Edward, 241

310

Cellini, Benvenuto, 265 Chamberlain, Arthur, 44 Chamberlain, John, 177 Chapman, George, 172 Chapman, John, 21 Chapuys, Eustache, 218 Charles V, Emperor, 100, 106, 111, 136,

162,218,252 Charles, I

accounts, 48 architecture, interest in, 64, 289 attitudes to collections, 141, 260 Buckingham, 177-80 busts and statues, 34, 138, 178, 183,

209,285 Catholics, 275, 279 county administration, 232, 291 Covent Garden, 288-9 Danvers, 241-3

Index

Charles VIII, 158 Chelsea Manor, 78, 218 Christian, IV of Denmark, 44,130,

207-8,238 Christina of Lorraine, 4 Christina of Denmark, 96, 235 Christmas Brothers, 194 Church of Rome, 162 Churchyard, Thomas, 255 City of London, 57

alienation of, 59, 63, 66, 277 Companies

Barber-Surgeons, 44, 90 Fishmongers, 246-7 relations with crown, 63, 66;

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of, 215-16,275-6

Short View of the State and Condition of

execution, 'martyrdom' and sufferings, Ireland,215

Clery, France, 156 Cleyn, Francis, 48, 217 48, 147-52, 184, 187, 189

Henrietta Maria, 69-70, 72-6, 145 Henry VIII, 46, 89-90 iconography, 146-52 image of, 279 Inigo Jones, 141 James, I, 125, 177 marriage, 145,277 Mantuan collection, 252-3, 270 mausoleum, 184-90 monopolies, 277, 289 myths about, 147-52 Old St Paul's, 58-66 Order of the Garter, 53 palace bUilding, 48 Parliament, 88 patronage, 71, 264, 283 propaganda for, 106 Prynne, 272-4 reform of household, 47, 257 religious views, 67 reputation, 70 Rubens,68,122-3,240-4 self-image, 141 Solomon, 66 Strafford, 197,205-6,213,215 tastes of, 10, 191,250 temperament and character, 46 travels, 135, 247 Van Dyck, 89, 208 Victorians, 151

Charles, II, 184, 187 as Prince of Wales, 85

Clifford, Lady Anne, 118-19, 227, 292-3

Clio, the Muse of History, 284 Coke, Sir John, 123, 198,201,203-4,

206-7,250 Colbert, Charles de Croissy, 294 collecting, 127, 139, 233-60

hostility to, 274-5, 281-5 college chapels, 55 College of Arms, 155, 156,257,259 Colt, Maximilian, 166, 174, 176 Commission and Commissioners for

New Buildings in London, 28, 33,34,38,65,200-1,205,287-90

Commissioners for Pious Uses, 63 Conn, George, 71 Constantinople, 248 Convocation,50,84 Conway, Edward, 2nd Viscount, 212 Cork, Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of, Lord

Treasurer of Ireland, 198,209,211 Corpus Christi processions, 27 Cortona, marchese di, 106 Cortona, Pietro da, 31, 71 costume historians, 9 Cottington, Lord, 205, 276 Cotton Sir Robert, 8, 127

knights banneret, 249 library,8

Council of Regency, 92, 94 Council of the North, Lord President,

194-7

Index 311

Court of Chancery, 246 Court of Arches, 63 Court of Star Chamber, 38-43, 56, 85,

206,273 functions of, 41 proposed building compared with

Banqueting House, 41 refurbishment, 40

Coverdale, Matthew, Coverdale Bible (1535),84

Crane, Sir Francis, 213, 254 Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of

Canterbury, 223 Catechism, 223

Critz, Jan de, 175 Cromwell, Oliver, 48 Cromwell, Thomas, 221 Cross, Michael, 276 Crow, Thomas, Painters and Public Life

in Eighteenth-Century Paris,S Cure family

Cornelius, 169 Cure, William, 20, 22 Cure, William, II, 169

Danbrook, Daniel, 176 Daniel, Samuel, 268

Delia, 268 The Woorthy Tract of Paulus Jovius

(1585),269 Danvers, Henry Lord, 123,241-3,253 Darcy, Lord, 154 Dark Age shields, 188 Davenant, John, bishop of Salisbury, 56 Davenant, William, 287 Davies, Sir John, 114

Hymns to Astraea, 114-15 Dean Stanley of Westminster, 165

Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey (1869), 165

Delaroche, Paul, Charles I in the Guardroom, 151

Denbigh, Susan Villiers, Countess of, 182,249

Denhigh, William Feilding, 1st Earl of, 249

Denham, Sir John, 214 Cooper's Hill, 214-15

Denmark, court of, 1,207-8 Dickens, Charles, Bleak House, 118 Dieussart, Fran<;ois, 71, 189,217 Digby, George, 2nd Earl of Bristol, 214 Digby, Sir Kenelm, 279-80

Dinet, Pierre, 99 Donne, John, 238

Anagrams, 209 Dort, Synod of, 238 dress, 9-10, 107, 110, 114, 129,251,262,

295-6 Dublin Castle, 192, 198,201,203,205

gardens, 206 stables, 206

Dublin archbishop, 211 Christ Church Cathedral, 211-12 city of, 200-1, 203 tapestry works, 213 theatre, 212 Werburgh St, 212

Duke of York (James, II), 188 Dunfermline Abbey, 170 [)lirer,84,92, 141, 143,224

The Death of the Virgin, 92 Knight, Death and the Devil, 141, 143

Ecciesiologist, The, 55 Edinburgh, 196 education, 51 Edward, I, 164 Edward, IV, 2 Edward VI, 18,24,80,90-4, 164 Edwardian Grammar Schools, 51 Edwardian Chantries Act, 51 Edwardian architecture, 24 Egham Mead, 214 Eikon Basiliki, 144, 148 Eliot, T. S., 286 Eliot, Sir John, 270, 272 Elizabeth, I, 2, 3, 26, 129, 154, 235

Accession Day tilts, 3, 250 Anglicanism, 50-1, 76, 190 architecture, 25 coronation entry into London, 2 death, attitude to own, 163 Dutch rebels, 111 Edward VI and the Pope, 90 Henry VIII, 26 images of, 92, 102, 104, 111 Mary Queen of Scots, 163-4 patronage of the visual arts, 25-7, personifications of, 87

as Deborah, 3 as Diana, 111 as The Fairy Queen, 28 as Hezekiah, 91-2 as Virgin Mary, 27, 90

312 Index

Elizabeth, I (continued) portraits of, 102, 217

Armada Portrait, 110 The Blackfriars Portrait, 110, 131, 132 The Ermine Portrait, 107, 110, 111 The Pelican Portrait, 104, 110 The Phoenix Portrait, 111 Princess Elizabeth, 104 The Rainbow Portrait, 86-8, 114-15

prints of, 111 Diana and Calisto, 111, 113-15

schooling, 25 subjects, 26-27 tomb breaking, 154 tomb making, 163-5 tomb of, 166-70 wardrobe, 114 Woodstock, 28

Elizabeth of York, 80, 82, 156 Elizabethan culture, 234

attitudes to painting, 267-9 portraiture, 106

Ellenius, Allan, 283-4 Elliott, John, 5 Eltham Ordinances, 46-7 Elyot, Sir Thomas, 14,280,294

The Boke named The Gouernor (1531), 14,265-7,269

emblem books, 8, 99, 107, 129, 269 emblems, 99,107,129,131,148,250 Erasmus, Desiderius, 217-18, 242 Escorial, 48, 135,276 Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of,

107 Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, 172 Eton College

frescoes, 79 Provost, 236, 238

Evelyn, John, 147,257 The Diary, 17-18, 172

Exclusion Crisis, 184, 189

Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, 193 Falkland, Sir Henry Cary, 1st Viscount,

200 Fanelli, Francesco, 139, 183, 217 Feilding, Lord, 182,249,260 Felton, Nicholas, bishop of Ely, 144 Ferdinand, Cardinal Archduke, Regent

of the Spanish Netherlands, 4 Fisher, Father John, 67 Fontainebleau, 12

Com de L'Ovale, 14;

Fontana, Domenico, 31,174 Fotheringhay, Northants, 163-4 Foxe, John, Actes and Monumentes (1563)

(Book of Martyrs), 24-5, 223, 255 Foxe, Richard, bishop of Winchester,

158 Framlingham, Suffolk, 257 France,34,136

ambassadors, 132, 240 architecture, 22, 46 dress, 110 Gallic Hercules, 132 personifications, 99 tapestries, 138

Francis, I, 14, 16, 106, 162,252 Fredericksborg Castle, Denmark, 207 Freedberg, David, The Power of Images, 5 French Revolution, 155 Fuller, Thomas Church History (1655),

166 funerals, state, 171-7 funerary masks, 176

Gage, George, 67-9,89,244,276-8 Gainsborough, Thomas, 80 Galtres, Yorkshire, 197 Gamache, Pere Cyprian, 70 gardens and gardening, 192-4, 206, 237 Gardiner, S. R, History of England from

the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of Civil War, 1603-1642, 7-8

Garrard, Reverend George, 205 Garter King of Arms, 188 Genoa, 242, 247 Gentileschi, Artemisia, 217 Gentileschi, Orazio, 72, 217

Peace and Arts under the English Crown, 72

Gent, Lucy, 268 Gerbier, Balthazar, 144-5, 182,247-8 Gering, Giles, 20, 22 Gheeraerts, Marcus, 114

The Rainbow Portrait, 114, 127 Ghent Cathedral, 162 Giambologna, 137, 138

Samson and the Philistine (Cain and Abel),247

Gibbons, Grinling, 187-8 Gillis, Pieter, 242 Giorgione, 78, 224 Giovannini, Baccio, 100 Girardon, Francois, 137

Index 313

Giulio Romano, 141,201,252,265 Glastonbury, Somerset, 61 Gombrich, E. H., 4 Gonzaga collection, 252 Gonzaga, Federigo, 265 Gorhambury, Hertfordshire, 29 Gothic,17

a 'national' style, 15 Greenwich dock, 194 Guercino,71 Gunn, S. J., 6 Gwyn, Peter, 6, 262

Habsburgs, 252 Hague, The, 177,238,241 Hall, Edward, The Union of the Two

Noble and Illustre Famelies of York and Lancaster (1542), 263

Hamilton, James, 3rd Marquess, and 1st Duke of, 72

collection, 259-60 rivalry with Arundel, 259-60

Hampton Court Conference, 52 Hampton Court:, 11-15, 89, 145,234,

262-4,263 chapel,14 Great Hall, 14-15 heraldry, 43 Prince's Gallery, 141 terracotta heads, 14 Wolsey's Closet, 14

Hanseatic League, merchants of, 224 Hanworth, Middlesex, 205, 276 Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, 26, 234-5 Harvey, William, De Mortu Cordis

(1628),259 Haskell, Francis, 71 Hatfield, Hertfordshire, 210 Hatton, Sir Christopher, 26, 233 Hauser, Arnold, The Social History of

Art, 5 Haydocke, Richard, A tracte containing

the artes of curious painting (1598), 107

Heemskerck, Maerten Van, The Chronicles being read to King Ahaseurus, 92

Heneage, Sir Thomas, 115 Henrietta Maria, 45, 69, 70, 72, 74-6,

127,129,205 attacks on, 272-4 chapels, 70-1, 76, 286 marriage, 145,251,295 patronage of, 46, 76

religion, 70-6 tastes, 71-2

Henri II, 94 Henri rv,26, 34, 96, 100, 132, 138,253-4 Henry V, 132 Henry VI, 80, 156 Henry VII, 79, 80, 96, 159, 163, 190, 254,

263 architecture interest in, 12 body discovery of, 165-6 chapel in Westminster Abbey, 20,

156-61 piety,27 tomb, 156-61, 178 will,157

Henry VIII, 11-20, 80-4, 100, 132, 194, 217,235,255,262,263

break with Rome, 53-4 builder, 11-18, 26, 89 competitiveness, 16 father's tomb, 158-9 James, I, 43 Holbein, 18,82,90,217-19 palaces, use of, 26 portrait, copies, 221 priest-king, 82 Solomon, 82 Supreme Head of the Church, 82, 85 tomb, 160-3, 184 Virgin Mary, 90 wives, 80

Anne of Cleves, 96 Jane Seymour, 80, 82

Wolsey, 264 Henry Frederick, Stadholder of

Holland, 238 Henry, Prince of Wales, 2, 131-3,

171-2,177 heraldry, 43, 109-10, 175,218-19,227,

257,280 Herbert, Charles Lord, 227 Herbert, Sir Henry, Master of the

Revels, 287 Herdman, Robert, Execution of Mary

Queen of Scots, 169 Herrera, Juan de, 48

Las estampas de la Ftibrica de San Lorenzo el Real de El Escorial (1589),48

Hexter, J. H., 8 Heylyn, Peter, 65-6, 255, 273 Hickes,l Hill, Christopher, 8

314 Index

Hilliard, Nicholas, 1-2, 104, 106, 109,240 Pelican Portrait, 110, 115, 116, 119

Hoby, Sir Thomas, 94 Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, 277 Hoefnagel, Joris, 18 Holbein, 79,94,99-101,106,263

ambassador, 219 compared with Van Dyck, 77-8, 85,

88-90,218-9 England, attitude to, 217-24 Henry VIII, 13, 18,219 paintings by

Anne of Cleves, 100,219 Christ in the Garden, 77 Christina of Denmark, 96-7, 219,

235,246 Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, 256 Henry VIII and the Barber Surgeons,

44 Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Henry

VII and Elizabeth of York (The Great Picture'), 78-82, 85, 162

Self-portraits, 219 Sir Richard Southwell, 244-5 Sir John Godsalve and his Father,

219 Solomon and The Queen of Sheba,

82-4 The Ambassadors, 240 The Battle of Therouanne, 132 The Family of Sir Thomas More, 218 Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk,

255 portrait drawings, 89 prints, 223

The Dance of Death, 221, 224 The Old Testament, 221

religious loyalties, 220-1 Holdenby, Northants, 26 Hole, William, 172 Hollar, Wenceslaus, 256 Honthorst, Gerrit van, 217 Hooker, Richard Of the Laws of

Ecclesiastical Polity, (1594), 52 Hopton, Sir Arthur, 276 horse, symbol of majesty, 132-9, 143 Howard, Henry Frederick, Lord,

Maltravers, 228 Howard, Lady Katherine, 228, 230 Howell, James, Cottoni Posthuma

(1651),8 Huby, Yorks, 197 Huizinga, Johan, 4

Hunting, status of and taste for, 132-6, 143,196-7,241

Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of,194

Huygens, Sir Constantijn, 238-9

inscriptions, 34, 246, 259 Ireland

antiquities, 213 Caterlaghe, 213 church,211-12 Clonmel,213 Downe,212 Galway, 208 Kilkenny, 213 Jigginstown, 201, 203, 209-11 Kinsale, 44 Limerick,213 marble quarries, 203, 207 Munster, 208 Naas, 201 'New English', 199 'Old English', 199 Parliament, 206 Planters and Plantations, 199 Privy Council, 201 tapestries, 213 theatre, 212 Ulster, 199 Co. Wicklow, 201 see also Dublin

Isabella, Archduchess and Regent of Spanish Netherlands, 99,144, 242

'Jacobethan' style, 257 James, I, 238

architecture, fondness for, 44 patronage,27,122,254 Augustus, 33 Elizabeth, I, 163 Emperor of Great Britain, 34 Henry VII, comparisons with, 27 Henry VIII, 43-4

commemoration, 123-5 Commission for New Buildings,

34,290 France, influence of, 34 funeral, 176-7

hunting, 196-7 interests, 33 Ireland, 199

Index 315

London buildings in, 27, 290 reception in, 27

Mary Queen of Scots, 166, 168-9, 187 medals, 118 peacemaker, 122, 124-5 pictures, 44 portraits, 125-7 pride in building, 33, 290 kingship, 27, 124-5 priest-king, 35-8, 122 reputation of, 43 Scottish Calvinists, 27 as Solomon, 38, 59, 83,120 statues of, 34, 62, 120-2, 138 vanity,33 visual arts, 34-5,125 writings, 33

Jerusalem, The Temple, 37, 48, 59, jewels and jewellers, 28, 65, 104, 107,

110,115,129,130 Mirror of France, 129, 130,218

Jones, Inigo, 1, 4, 45, 71, 129, 217, 236, 285

architects of his time, 31-3 architecture, its purpose, 41 attacks on, 288-91 Banqueting House, 12, 35, 38,123 biography, 290 catafalque for James, I, 174 Charles, I, 141 classicism understanding of, 18 Commission for New Buildings, 28,

38 connoisseurship, 46 costume designs, 89, 226 Covent Garden, 287-91, 293 credo, 30, 41-2 funerals, 174, 177 Infanta, 278 Ireland, 200-1, 203 Italian architecture, 30-3 Jonson, Ben, 58,269 Justice of The Peace, 288 kingship views on, 38 knighthood, 46 masques of, 3-4, 89, 269

Chloridia, 58 Love's Triumph through Callipolis, 45 The Triumph of Peace, 3-4, 205,

250-1 moral architecture, 30 Old St Paul's, 58-66,129-30

painter, 46 Palladianism, 33 petition against, 64 political views, 30,144 portrait of, 31-3 Preaching Place, 25 public works, 44 'Puritan', 46 'Roman Catholic', 46 Rome, 31 social programmes of, 30 Sir Robert Cotton, 8 St Gregory's, 63-4, 212 St Paul Covent Garden, 285, 289-90 St Michael Le Querne (St Michael's

Cornhill), 65 Star Chamber, 38-41 Strafford, 200-1, 203, 207 Surveyor of The Royal Works, 35,

200-1,288 the 'true' style, 33 Whitehall Palace deSigns, 47-8

Jones, Michael, K., 6 Jonson, Ben, 8,58,200,236,269,289

The Magnetic Lady, 287 Penshurst, 14,291;

Jordaens, Jacob,217 Junius, Francis, 259, 280, 282

Arundel, relations with, 281 works

Catalogus artificium, 282 De Pictura Veterum, 280, 281-2 The Painting of the Ancients, 154,

280,283-6 Junius, Hadrianus, 255 Juxon, William, bishop of London and

Lord High Treasurer, 65

Keirincx, Alexander, 217 Kent, William, The Designs of Inigo Jones

(1727),61 King John, 169 king's chaplains, 66 King's Lynn, Norfolk, mortuary chapel,

259 Knole, Kent, 263 Kratzer, Nicholas, 18, 218, 235

La Rochelle, 270 Lacock Abbey, Wilts, 21, 51 landscape, symbolism of English, 75,

132, 136 Lanier, Nicholas, 270

316

Latimer, Hugh, bishop of Worcester, 25

Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 55, 122, 279-80

Anglicanism, 15 influence of, on, 55-61,65-7

Index

attitudes towards church building, 290 churches, attitudes to decoration,

55-6,290 Old St Paul's, 58-66 Laudians, 16, 67 Diary, 55 painting, views on 209 Prynne, 55, 273-275,279 religious views, 67, 273-5 St Edmund, Salisbury, 56-7 St Katherine Cree, 57-9 Strafford, 199, 209-12 trial,279

Leghorn,287 Le Sueur, Hubert, 48, 137, 139, 178, 183,

209,217,264,276,285 Leemput, Remigius van, 80, 145 Lee, Sir Henry, 28 Leicester, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of,

106 Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of,

203 Lely, Sir Peter, 217 Lennox, Esme Stuart, 2nd Duke of, 228 Lenthall, William, 69 Leonardo da Vinci, 215

paintings by: The Last Supper, 2 Leyden, 129 Lievens, Jan, 217 Lightbown, Ronald, 183 Lilly, Henry, Genealogie (1638), 257 Lindley, P. G., 6 Loftus, Adam, 1st Viscount, 198 Lomazzo, Trattato dell' Arte de la Pittura

(1584),107,269 London,28

areas of Cheapside, 28, 65 Covent Garden, 205, 287-91 Inns of Court, 52, 205

buildings in Charterhouse, 255 Durham House, 192,256 Lincolns Inn, 205 Merchant Taylors Hall, 205 Northampton House, 255 Somerset House, 20, 70, 71, 189,286

St Bartholomew's Smithfield Priory, 51

St James's Park, 47 Steelyard, 224 Suffolk House, 255 Temple Church, 52 York House, 9, 29,145,226,247-8,

256,259,272 York Place, 261, 262, 264 see also Arundel House;

Banqueting House City of, 28, 277 Companies

Barber-Surgeons, 44, 90 Fishmongers, 246-7

Commission for New Buildings, 28, 29,38,65

control of building, 59 destruction of monuments in, 91

Great Fire, 90 Old St Paul's, 58-66, 192, 208, 211 parish churches, 55, 65,166

St Gregory's, 63-4, 212 St Katherine Cree, 57, 58 St Michael Ie Querne (St Michael's

Cornhill), 65 St Paul Covent Garden, 285,

289-90 public building in, 30, 59

Royal chapels, 45, 51, 70, 71, 189, 286

Royal houses and palaces in and around

Denmark House, 72, 174-5 Greenwich, 28, 132; Banqueting

House at, 218 Queen's House, 45, 46, 201, 208 Richmond Palace, 12, 78-9 St James's, 47,70; chapel, 278, 286;

gallery, 141 Sheen, 12 Somerset House, chapel, 45, 70, 71,

189,286 The Tower, 12 Westminster Palace, 12,78-9 Whitehall, 28,123; fire at, 80, 147;

Holbein Gate, 28; oratory in, 70; Long Gallery, 44, 85; Preaching Place, 25; Privy Chamber, 78-9, 85; Tilt Yard, 3, 41

Wimbledon House, 46 see also Hampton Court

Royal libraries, 12

Index 317

Thames, 47 public theatres, 272-4, 286-7,

291 stage, 277

streets Queen St, 278 Chandos St, 290 St Martin's Lane, 217 University College, 151

London, Treaty of, 261 Longleat, Wiltshire, 23, 210 Lome, Lord, 228 Louis XI, 156 Louis XIII, 251 Louis XIV, 136, 138, 294 Low Countries, 236, 267 Lubbock, Jules, 29-30, 33 Lumley, John, 2nd Lord, 17,235

cartel/ino, 246 Luther and Lutheranism, 155, 162 Lyly, John, Eupheus (c. 1578),267-8 Lyons, 100,221

Machiavelli, Niccolo, 11, 80 Madagascar, 232 Madrid, 130, 138,247,250,276-7 Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd

Earl of, 196 Mannerist architecture, 30 Mantegna,)\ndrea,218,252 Mantua, court, 265

ducal palace, 218 palazzo del Te, 201

Mantua, dukes of, 201, 218 Mantuan collection, 141,252,253,270 Mantuan sale, 71 Mareschal St )\ndre, 96 Margaret of )\ustria, 156 Marmora Arundelliana (1628),246,281 marriage, attitudes towards, 69, 72-6,

80,82,96,98-100,104,110,115, 184,187,224-30

Marris,FUchard,199 Marshall, Rosalind, 9 Marshall, William, 148-51 Mary Rose, The, 20 Mary Queen of Scots, 163-4, 166,

168-70 Mary Tudor, 25, 100, 234 Mason,FUchard,182 Mason, Sir John, 94 masques:, 3, 45,76,183,212,232-3,249,

262,272,274 Chloridia, 58

Love's Triumph Through Cal/ipolis, 45, 58

The Triumph of Peace, 3-4, 205, 212, 251

Matsys, Quentin, 242 Mazarin, Cardinal, 147 Mazzoni, Guido (Paganino), 158 medals, 107, 115-19, 148, 153 Medici, 96, 203, 226, 252

Catherine de', 169 Cosimo de', 138 Ferdinand, 1 de', 2, 4 Giuliano de', 215 Marie de', 26, 96-100,141,226,251-3

Meres, Sir Thomas, 187 Michelangelo, 30, 234

works by Capitoline Hill, 136, 138 Julius II tomb, 162 The Last Judgement, 84, 189 Pieta, 153

Miereveld, Michiel van, 241 Millar, Oliver, 10, 208 Milton, John, 67, 236, 272, 278

Of Reformation Touching Church­Discipline in England (1641), 66

Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio (1651), 66

miniatures, 115-16, 119, 153,240 mnemonics, 267,269 Monasteries, Dissolution of, 21 monopolies, 277, 289 Montague, FUchard, bishop of

Chichester, 285 Montagu, Walter, 230 Montefeltro Guidobaldo da, Duke of

Urbino, 96, 147 Moore, Henry, 166 Mor, )\ntonis, 100

Mary, I, 100-2 More, Sir Thomas, 78,218,242 Morgan, Nicholas, The Perfection of

Horsemanship (1609), 135 Morley, Colonel Herbert, 69 Morley, Lord, 265 Morrill, John, 7,50,275 Mortlake tapestries, 48, 138,213,240,

253 establishment of factory at, 254

Morton, Cardinal John, )\rchbishop of Canterbury, 263

mosaic, 236 My tens, Daniel, 217, 259

318 Index

Mythological emblems, figures and places

Adonis, 224-5 Apollo, 213 Arcas,113 Astraea,114 Calisto, 111, 113 Cupid, 99, 213 Diana, 111, 113 Hercules, 132 Hymen, 99 Juno, 99 Jupiter, 99 Mars, 182 Minerva, 99, 122 Neptune, 182 Olympus, 253 Pallas, 182 Parnassus, 218 Phoenix III Psyche,253 St George, 72-4, 96 Venus, 224-5

Nabbes, Thomas, 287 National Gallery, London, 246 Neptune Fountain, 207 New Parks, Yorkshire, 197 Newmarket, 44

Prince's Lodgings, 201 Newton, Sir Isaac, 259 Nicolaldi, Don, 198,209 Nonsuch, Surrey, 16-20 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke

of,254 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of,

255,256 Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of,

255 Norgate, Edward, 89, 144 Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st Earl

of,255 Northumberland, John Dudley, 1st

Duke of, 22-5, 216 Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th

Earl of, 205

O'Donoghue, Freeman, 227 Old Providence, Company of, 232 Olivares, Duke of, 250 Oliver, Isaac, 2 Oliver, Peter, 127 Order of the Garter, 53, 96

Order of St Michael, 96 Otford, Kent, 263 Oughtred, William, 259 Oxford University, 120-2, 188

Bodleian Library, 120 colleges

Christchurch (Cardinal College), 218 Corpus Christi, 218 New College, 218 Magdalen, 218

Page,208 Paintings, anonymous

Edward VI and the Pope, 90, 132,224 The Embarkation of Henry VIII, 132 The Field of The Cloth of Gold, 132, 264

Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, 244 Palladio, Andrea, 35

I Quattro Libri (1570), 35 Palma Giovane, 236 Panzani, Gregorio, 46 Papal Indulgences, 221 Pardo, Jeronimo, 48 Parian chronicle, 246 Paris, 99

Louvre, 26 Luxembourg, Palais de, 96

gallery of, 251 Notre Dame, 251 Pont Neuf, 34 tapestry works, 138,254

Park, Daniel, 174 Parker, K. T., 82 Parker, Matthew, Archbishop of

Canterbury, 52 Parliament, 35, 70, 85, 88, 159, 172, 187,

189,192,214 Commissioners, 247 Committee of the Whole House, 187 Commons, 189, 196 Lords, 64, 138,214 Parliament House, 85-6

Parnassus pageant, 218 Parry, Graham, The Golden Age restor'd, 7 Peacham, Henry, 219

The Compleat Gentleman (1634),280, 284

Peake, Robert, 131 Henry, Prince of Wales and John, 2nd

Lord Harington, 132-3 Pembroke, Phillip Herbert, 4th Earl of,

9,145,191-2,226-8,244,256,292 The Pembroke Family, 226-8

Petrarchan sonnet, 254 Peterborough Cathedral, 169 Petitot, Jean, 217 Petty, Reverend William, 248, 282-3

'dictionary of art' , 282 Phidias, 139 Philip, II, 100 Philip, III, 138 Philip, IV, 99, 102 Philip of Savoy, 156 Pilgrimage of Grace, 154, 194 Plinian villa, 233 Pliny, 280

Natural History, 284 Poelenburgh, Comelis van, 217 Pole, Cardinal Reginald, 234 Pompa Introitus Ferdinandi, 4, Popes

Adrian VI, 233 Alexander III, 54 Clement VII, 233 Clement VIII, 236 Gregory XV,69 Innocent III, 54 Julius II, 162 Leo X, 162, 233 Paul V, 52, 174 Sixtus V, 174,236 Urban VIII, 146-7

Popes and Papacy, 69, 90, 92, 233, 236 anti-papal propaganda, 113-14

Porter, Endymion, 219-20 Portland, Richard Weston, 1st Earl of

and Lord High Treasurer, 139, 178,275

tomb,183 Portsmouth, St Peter's, 178 Poussin, Nicolas, 144 Praxiteles, 139 Predestination, 53 Prince Robert of Scotland, 170 Prince Regent, 217 Princess Sophia, 170 Princess Mary (daughter of James, I),

170 Princess Mary (Mary II), 85, 184 prints, 91-2, 219-23 Privy Council and Councillors, 18, 65,

102,238,247,254 Protestant seminaries, 236 Prynne, William, 55, 205, 269, 276, 277,

286,291,293 Arundel, attacks, 278-9

Index 319

Charles I, attitude of to, 274 Clarendon compared with, 275-6 Father Gage, attacks on, 276-8 hostility of Milton to, 272-3, 278 mutilation and imprisonment of, 279 proceedings against, Star Chamber

273,279-80 Publications

Canterburies Doom, 57-8 Histrio-mastix, 269-75 Romes Master-Peece, 275

Pugin, Augustus Welby, 33, 67 An Apology, 15

Puritans and Puritanism, 46,274, 279-80

quarantore, 71

Rabb, Theodore, 5-6 Rainolds, Dr John, 52 Raphael, 71,233

Tapestry Cartoons, 159,247 St George and the Dragon, 96

rebellions, 104 Regnans in Excelsis (1570), 3 Rembrandt, 71

Danae, 153, 217 Reni, Guido, 71, 217 Restoration, The, 187,214 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 143

Commodore Keppel, 232 Richard,III, 80, 190 Richelieu, Cardinal, 252 Rich, Sir Richard, 51 Rigaud, Hyacinthe, 136, 138 Roehampton, 139, 183 Roe, Sir Thomas, 248 Roman Emperors and historical figures

Augustus, 33 The Antonines, 267 Caninefates, 188 Claudius, 267 Constantine, 136 the Fabii, 281 Hadrian, 267, 274 Quintus Fabius, 281 Marcus Aurelius, 136-8 Ovid,111,240 Pliny,281

Natural History, 284 Sejanus, 272 Suetonius Life of Augustus, 34, 125 Tacitus, 188

320 Index

Roman Emperors and historical figures (continued)

Tiberius, 272 Titus, 267 Vespasian, 267 Virgil,254

Aeneid,254 Vitruvius, 3, 23

portraits of emperors, 141 Roman Catholicism, 71, 90, 100

hostility to, 25, 66-7, 70, 224, 275-8 liturgical year, 41

Roman Church, 162 break with, 2-3, 50-4, 61, 90-4

Rome,71,147,233-4,240 places in

Capitoline Hill, 136 Golden House of Nero, 233 Lateran Palace, 136 S.Lorenzo in Damaso, 71 Tempietto, 184 Vatican, 71; collection, 252;

Treasury, 43 Villa Madama, 233

sack of, 136 Royal Proclamations, 28, 33, 94, 102,

154,201,206-7 Royal Collection, The, 44,123,132,141,

162,217,234,242,247,254,259 inventory of, 123, 259

Royal Forests, 197 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, 2, 67, 78, 136,

143,145,154,189,237,238,247 Archdukes, 99, 242 ambassador, 99,242-4 attitude to England, 75, 131 S.Carlo Borromeo, Antwerp, 31, 78,

145 Banqueting House, 35,122-7,165 Charles I, 106,240-1 Florence, 242 Holbein, 84 hunting scenes, 143, 196-7,241 I Palazzi di Genova (1622),242 learning, 99 Medici cycle, 96, 98-9, 123,226,

251-3 Paintings by

The Apotheosis of James I, 37, 124, 253

The Benefits of the reign of James I, 37,84,189

The Birth of the Dauphin, 98

The Consummation of the Marriage, 98

Daniel in the Lions' Den, 241 Landscape with St George and the

Dragon, 72-5 Lion Hunt (Munich), 72 The Marriage by Proxy, 98 Pompa Introitus Ferdinandi, 4 Presentation of the Portrait, 96, 98-9 Prometheus, 238 Psyche received into Olympus, 253 St George and the Dragon (Madrid),

72,74 Self-Portrait (The Royal Collection),

242-4,247 Susannah and the Elders, 238 The Union of the Two Crowns, 37, 124

taste for works by, 241 Rudolf II, Emperor, 100 Rumny, Joseph, 251 Ruskin, John, 33, 165,286 Russell, Conrad, 7 Rutland, John Manners, 4th Earl of, 1

Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of, 114, 235,235-7

Salisbury, St Edmund, 56, 64 Sandford, Francis, Genealogical History

of the Kings of England (1677), 187 Sandrart, Joachim, Teutsche Akademie

(1675),255 Sangallo, Antonio da, 235 sans-culottes, 49 Sargent, John Singer, 230 Scarisbrick, Diana, 9 Schama, Simon, The Embarrassment of

Riches, 5 Scott, Sir Giles Gilbert, 165 Scrots, William, 94-5, 99 sculpture and public statuary, 34-5,

61-2,139,285-6 Sebastiano del Piombo, 234 Segar, William, 107, 109 Selden, John, 246, 281 Selve, Georges de, 240 Serlio, Sebastiano, The First [FiftJ Book of

Architecture (1611), 131-2 Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper,

3rd Earl of, 286 Shakespeare, William, 236, 268 Sharington, William, 21, 51 Sharpe, Kevin, 7-9, 152, 260

The Personal Rule of Charles I, 8

Index 321

Sheffield, Edmund, 3rd Baron, 1st Earl of Mulgrave, 194

Sherfield, Henry, 56 Shirley, James, 4, 212, 286

plays and masques Hyde Park, 212 St Patrick for Ireland, 212 Triumph of Peace, 212

Shrewsbury, Elizabeth, Talbot, Countess of, 234

shrines, 54, 153 Shute, John. First and Chief Groundes of

Architecture (1563), 22-3, 43 Sidney family, 14 Sidney, Sir Henry, 203 Sidney, Sir Philip, 234

Defence of Poesie, 283 Simonides, 284 Sistine tapestries, 247 Skelton, John, 254

Speke Parrott, 263 Whytt come ye nat to Courte?, 263-4

Smuts, Malcolm, 9, 251 Smythson, Robert, 22 Society of Antiquaries, 255 Somer, Paul Van, 125-31

James 1, 125-7 Anne of Denmark, 127-31

Somerset, Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, 1st Duke of, 191

architectural patronage (Somerset House), 18-21

group, 21 Somerset, Robert Carr, 1st Earl of, 238,

250 Sophie of Mecklenburg, 130 Southwell, Sir Richard, 244-5

portrait, 244-6 Sovereign of the Seas, The, 194 Spain, 247,232,250

Seville, 69 St James of Compostela, 104

Spanish Infanta, 68,130,247,250,277-8 Marriage, 69, 130

Spanish Netherlands, 145, 234 Speed, John, 163 St Giles, Monsieur, 182 St Augustine, 15, 61 St Antoine, Seigneur de, 143 Stanhope, Sir Edward, 206 Starkey, David, 6 state entries, 4, 27, 212-13 state staircase, 13, 14

statuary in public places, 35, 61-2, 285-6

Stone, Lawrence, 8 Stone, Nicholas, 178 Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl

of,192-216 buildings of, 192-216,276 Buckingham, 194 Charles 1,197,205-6,213,215 earldom, 197,206,215 gardens, 192-4,206 hunting lodge, 210 impeachment, 196 Irish church, 211-12 Irish Parliament, 206 Jigginstown, Co. Wicklow, 201, 203,

209-11 King's Manor, 199 Laud, 199, 209-12 Lord Deputy General of Ireland,

198-216 Lord President of the Council of the

North,194-7 patronage of the arts, 192-216 quarrel with Inigo Jones, 200-1, 203,

207 Spain, 198,208-9,211 trial and execution, 212, 214-5 triumphal entries, 212-3 Visier Basha, 192 Van Dyck, 208-9 Wentworth Woodhouse, 192-3, 208 Yorkshire estates, 192, 210

Strong,Roy,6-7,114-15 Stuart, Lady Elizabeth, 228 Stuart, Lord George, Seigneur

d' Aubigny, 228-30 Suffolk, Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of,

228,255 Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of, 254,

256

Tacca, Pietro, 34, 138 tapestries, 34, 209, 213, 233, 237, 241,

254,264 (see also Mortlake)

Tawney, R. H., 8 Temple of Vesta at Tivoli, 174 The Royal Society, 188 Theobalds, Hertfordshire, 44 theatres, public, 272-5 Thirty Nine Articles, 50, 92 Thomas a Becket, 54

322 Index

Thomond, Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of, Paintings by 207

Thurley, Simon, 6,12-14 Thynne, Sir John, 22 Tilbury, Lord Vere of, 176,241 tilt,3 Tintoretto, Domenico, 234, 236 Tintoretto, Jacopo, 143,234

Flight into Egypt, 143-4 Titian, 78, 100, 106, 135, 136, 143, 145,

224,276 Paintings by

Adoration of the Magi, 135 Charles V, 208 Charles Vat the Battle of Muhlberg,

137 Ecce Homo, 248 Emperors, 141 Isabella of Portugal, 100 Marquis del Vasto, 208 Martyrdom of St Lawrence, 276 poesie, 113 St Catherine of Alexandria, 150

tombs and tomb making, 153-90, 199 Torrigiano, Pietro, 264

tomb of Henry VII, 156-62 Tradescants, 237 Travers, Walter, 52 Trumbull, William the elder, 1, 2, 123,

241,244,251,277 Turin, 69

Underwood, Malcolm G., 6 United Provinces, 111, 113, 237 Ussher, James, bishop of Armagh,

211

Valois court, 94, 110 dynasty, 96, 226, 252

van Mander, Karel, 78 Van de Passe, Crispin, 111 Van Dyck, Sir Anthony, 31, 48, 68,

75-6,99,131,136,143,146,212, 217,240

arrival in England, 31, 144-5 Holbein, 77-8, 85, 88-19, 218-9 monarchy, 144 Rubens, 78, 145 Strafford, 198,208-9 Tintoretto, 143-4 Titian, 143

Italian Sketchbook, 143

Charles I II la chasse, 48, 110, 132, 134-6,139,143

Charles I and Henrietta Maria, 75-6 Charles I with Henrietta Maria,

Prince Charles and Princess Mary (The Great Peice), 85-6, 88-9

Charles I on Horseback, 136-41, 143 Charles I with M. de St Antoine, 110,

141, 144 Charles in Three Positions, 145-47 William Feilding, 1st earl of Denbigh,

232 Madagascar Portrait, 232 The Pembroke Family, 192, 218,

226-8,256 Rinaldo and Armida, 78 St Martin and the Beggar, 143 Lord George Stuart Seigneur

d' Aubigny, 228-30 Adonis and Venus, 224-6

Van Der Doort, Abraham, 141 Vasari, Giorgio, Lives of The Artists

(1568), 104, 107,255 Vatican Treasury, 43 Veevers, Erica, 71-2 Velazquez, 99,102,136,250 Venice, 238, 240

Fondaco dei Tedeschi, 224 Scuola di S. Rocco, 143

Venturi, Sergio, 174 Vere, Lady Susan, 227 Vergil, Polydore, 263 Veronese, Paolo, 234, 247 Vianen, Christian van, 217 Vianen Paul van, 240

Metamorphoses, 240 Villa Farnese, 235 Villa Madama, 233 Villalpando, Juan Bautista, 48 Villamena, Francesco, 31 Villiers, Lady Mary, 227-8 Vinteville, Jean de, 240 Virgin Mary, Tudor images of, 90 Vives, De tradendis disciplinis, 265 Vossius, Gerhard Johann, 281 Vries, Adriaen de, 208 Vroom, Cornelius, 254

Wake, Sir Isaac, 69,172 Walden, Lord, 255 Walker, Robert, 152 Walpole, Horace, 104

Index 323

Walsingham, Sir Francis, 235 Warburg, Aby, 4 Warham, William, Archbishop of

Canterbury, 263 Warnke,~artin,240 Warwick, the 'red' countess of, 230 Warwick Castle, 230 Warwick, Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of, 230-3 Warwick, St ~ary's, Beauchamp

chapel, 155 Waynflete, William, bishop of

Winchester, 218 Webb, John, 40

Whitehall Palace drawings, 47-8 Weever, John, 154

Antient funerall Monuments (1631), 154, 178

Westminster Abbey, 62, 165, 171-6, 180, 182

Dean and Chapter, 156 Henry VII mortuary chapel, 156-60,

178 altarpiece by Torrigiano, 159, 161

Wharton, Philip, Lord, 230 Whitelocke, Bulstrode, 272-3 Whitgift, John, Archbishop of

Canterbury, 76 Whitney, Geoffrey, A Choice of

Emblemes (1586), 129, 269 William II, 169 William, III, marriage, 184, 187 Williams, Abraham, 241 Williams, John, Bishop of Lincoln and

Lord Keeper, 15, 59 Wilton House, Salisbury, 192 Wimbledon, Sir Edward Cecil, 1st

Viscount, 180 Winchester Cathedral, 169, 178 Windsor Castle, 25, 156, 157, 188

St George's Chapel, 156, 187

Winterhalter, Franz Xavier, 77 Winwood, Sir Ralph, 241 Wollaton House, Nottinghamshire, 22,

26 Wolley, John, 278 Wolsey, Cardinal, 46, 162,216,218,

233-5,261-5 builder, 10-14 disgrace, 11 dress, 262 contemporary accounts, 261-4 patron, as, 262-5 mass, celebration of, 261 relations with Henry VIII, 13, 161-2,

233,264 Woodstock, Oxfordshire, 28 Worcester Cathedral, 169 Wotton, Sir Henry, 2, 29, 206, 235-40

The Elements of Architecture (1624), 29, 283

Wren Sir Christopher Windsor ~ausoleum for Charles I,

184-90 Wren, ~atthew, bishop of Ely, 257 wunder-kammer, 235 Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 254 Wykeham, William of, bishop of

Winchester, 218

York The King's ~anor, 194, 196, 199 St ~ary's Abbey, 194, 196 seige, 196

York, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of, 164

York, Edward, 2nd Duke of, 164 York, Richard, 3rd Duke of, 164

Zuccaro, Federigo, 106