Appendix I - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/45989/13/13_appendix.pdf · 51...

232

Appendix I

Forbes‘ first-ever list of the World’s Top 51 Microfinance Institutions were chosen

from a field of 641 micro-credit providers. The list was prepared by the Microfinance

Information Exchange ( www.themix.org) under the direction of Forbes magazine. To

qualify, the institutions must have made available their audited financials and must have

passed review by a Forbes panel of advisers. This table gives the rank (out of 641) for the

top institutions according to scale, which is based on the size of their gross loan portfolio;

efficiency, which considers operating expense and the cost per borrower as a percent of

the gross national income per capita of their country of operation; risk, which looks at the

quality of their loan portfolios, measured as the percent of the portfolio at risk greater

than 30 days; and return, which is measured as a combination of return on equity and

return on assets. Each category is equally weighted for an institution’s overall ranking.

Rank Name Country Scale Efficiency Risk Returns

1 ASA Bangladesh 14 83 56 40

2 Bandhan (Society and

NBFC)

India 108 49 42 1

3 Banco do Nordeste Brazil 46 27 213 25

4 Fundación Mundial de la

Mujer Bucaramanga

Colombia 58 72 193 1

5 FONDEP Micro-Crédit Morocco 119 26 196 1

6 Amhara Credit and

Savings Institution

Ethiopia 56 126 118 42

7 Banco Compartamos,

S.A., Institución de Banca

Múltiple

Mexico 15 24 295 11

8 Association Al Amana for

the Promotion of Micro-

Enterprises Morocco

Morocco 17 212 133 1

9 Fundación Mundo Mujer

Popayán

Colombia 53 181 141 1

10 Fundación WWB

Colombia – Cali

Colombia 27 206 155 4

11 Consumer Credit Union

‘Economic Partnership’

Russia 82 300 19 1

12 Fondation Banque

Populaire pour le Micro-

Credit

Morocco 59 126 219 1

13 Microcredit Foundation

of India

India 75 142 7 185

14 EKI Bosnia &

Herzegovina

66 102 242 1

15 Saadhana Microfin

Society

India 263 79 73 1

16 Jagorani Chakra

Foundation

Bangladesh 136 176 128 1

17 Grameen Bank Bangladesh 8 280 100 62

233


18 Partner Bosnia &

Herzegovina

64 169 230 1

19 Grameen Koota India 209 106 156 1

20 Caja Municipal de Ahorro y

Crédito de Cusco

Peru 48 99 222 119

21 Bangladesh Rural

Advancement Committee


22 AgroInvest Serbia 84 195 222 1


Crédito de Trujillo

Peru 20 163 220 101

24 Sharada’s Women’s

Association for Weaker

Section

India 229 207 55 13

25 MIKROFIN Banja Luka Bosnia and

Herzegovina

60 240 205 1

26 Khan Bank (Agricultural

Bank of Mongolia LLP)

Mongolia 19 149 280 59

27 INECO Bank Armenia 96 173 202 39

28 Fondation Zakoura Morocco 51 268 194 1

29 Dakahlya Businessmen’s

Association for Community

Development

Egypt 200 215 102 1

30 Asmitha Microfin Ltd. India 80 254 73 111

31 Credi Fe Desarrollo

Microempresarial S.A.

Ecuador 28 252 206 34

32 Dedebit Credit and Savings

Institution

Ethiopia 50 246 80 154

33 MI-BOSPO Tuzla Bosnia and

Herzegovina

128 120 283 1

34 Fundacion Para La

Promocion y el Desarrollo

Nicaragua 173 89 171 100

35 Kashf Foundation Pakistan 123 194 219 1

36 Shakti Foundation for

Disadvantaged Women


37 enda inter-arabe Tunisia 198 90 257 1

38 Kazakhstan Loan Fund Kazakhstan 120 118 320 1

39 Integrated Development

Foundation


40 Microcredit Organization

Sunrise

Bosnia and

Herzegovina

114 103 341 17

41 FINCA – ECU Ecuador 125 138 264 54


Crédito de Arequipa

Peru 23 126 220 215

43 Crédito con Educación

Rural

Bolivia 135 152 298 1

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44 BESA Fund Albania 109 135 345 1

45 SKS Microfinance Private

Limited

India 61 395 141 1

46 Development and

Employment Fund

Jordan 83 388 135 1

47 Programas para la Mujer –

Peru

Peru 292 82 242 1

48 Kreditimi Rural i

Kosoves LLC (formerly

Rural Finance Project of

Kosovo)

Kosovo 213 158 247 1

49 BURO, formerly BURO

Tangail


50 Opportunity Bank A.D.

Podgorica

Serbia 49 234 319 23

51 Sanasa Development

Bank

Sri Lanka 86 206 93 241

Source : www.forbes.com (Swibel, 2007)

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Appendix-II

Social Security Schemes in India Contingency Public

Employees

Private Sector

Workers

The General Poor Comment

Medical Care Free treatment

in state hospitals

and drugs

Free treatment in

Employees State

Insurance

Hospital

Treatment in public

hospitals. Free supply

to a limited extent of

through primary

health centres

The quality of care is

low, so low in fact that

there is a massive

private health care

industry

Sickness Medical leave

on full pay for

upto 2 years in a

3 year period

Same if covered

under the ESI

Nil Since many Indians fall

into the general poor ,

loss of income from

sickness remains the

significant concern

Maternity Maternity leave

upto 12 weeks

on full pay.

Same if covered

under ESI or the

MBA

Social Assistance

under the National

Social Assistance

Programme

Unemployment Retrenchment

benefits under

Renewal Fund

for the

employees of

public sector

enterprises

Retrenchment

benefits under the

Industrial

Disputes Act

Public employment

generation scheme

Work related

injury

Ex-gratia relief

plus benefits

under the ESI

and the

Workmen’s

Compensation

Act

ESI and the

Workmen’s Act

Social Assistance

from welfare funds

for those engaged

under occupations in

certain states.

Invalidity Ex-gratia relief

plus benefits

under the ESI

and the

Workmen’s

Compensation

Act

ESI and the

Workmen’s Act

Old age pensions

provided under the

NSAP and state

government s for the

destitute poor

EPF payments

described as “woefully

inadequate to meet any

kind of retirement need

…offer no protection

against

inflation..contributions

made by employer on

employees behalf

cannot be claimed by

employee”(Outlook

Money,2003)

Survivor

(widow, orphan)

Subsidised

group insurance

for death while

in service;

family pension

in the case of

death after

retirement

Deposit Linked

Insurance and

Family pensions

under the EPF

Subsidised life

insurance under the

NSAP and limited

accident cover

available; survivor

benefit and relief

schemes available in

certain states;

pensions for windows

in each of the states;

compensation under

the Motor Vehicles

Act

Source: Roth, Churchill, Ramm & Namerta (2005)

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Appendix-III

STUDY ON THE IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE PRACTICES IN

ARUNACHAL PRADESH INTERVIEW SCHEDULE-I

Micro Finance Institutions(MFIs)

Sl No. : Date of interview : A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Name of the organization :

2. Location of Office / Organisation :

3. Nature of Organization-Banks/Money lenders/Cooperative Society/NGO/others:

4. Please mention the primary area of your business:

a. Urban only [ ] b. Rural Only [ ] c. Both [ ]

B. SUPPORT AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT TO MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

1. Please indicate your opinion regarding prevalence/availability of support mechanisms for the given microfinance practices from Govt.

Nature of Microfinance practices Prevalence of Support

Yes No

Micro Insurance

Micro Credit

Small Savings

Refinancing Micro Finance

Any Other (please specify)

2. Please indicate your response in reference to your perception whether focus and / or emphasis has increased for the given microfinance practices in the last 5 years (2007-2012) either based on your efforts or part of institutional strategy.

Microfinance practices Focus / Emphasis increased during 2007-2012 period

Yes No Not Sure

Micro Insurance

Micro Credit

Small Savings

Remittance

Others (please specify)

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3. Please indicate your response IF the following internal support (influencing the progress of the given microfinance practices) is available in Y (for Yes) / N (for No) / NS (for Not Sure)

Microfinance practices

Availability of trained staff

Provision for incentives (monetary and non monetary)

IEC / Awareness

Micro Insurance

Micro Credit

Small Savings

Remittance

<< For Micro Insurance only>>

4. Please provide the following details regarding micro insurance scheme offered by your

organisation (schemes that have low premium and ideally targeted towards poor)

a. Name of the Scheme : b. Target Client Base :

5. In reference to above (Sl. 4) please indicate your opinion / perception based response for

the following

Name of

Scheme

Opinion about Awareness Levels Opinion about Market Presence in

Very High High Low to Nil Very High High Low to Nil

C. IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE

1. Please indicate whether you have individual women customers as compared to individual

male customers. Also indicate approx percentage of individual women customers.

Tick () any one Indicate approx %

More Individual Male Customers [ ] [ %]

More Individual Female Customers [ ] [ %]

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2. Please indicate an appropriate response drawn on your perception about influence of microfinance practices on the following aspects

Human Development Indicators YES NO NOT SURE / MAYBE

Health and Nutrition

Education (children and/or dependents)

Enabling citizen entitlements

For settling / repayment of loans taken from unorganized sector

For meeting balance costs for any income generating venture such as setting up a shop, purchase of additional inputs and related expenses

Promoting Women centric interests

For safekeeping of thrift and savings at household level

For ensuring risk coverage of income generating activity

3. Please indicate your response regarding the following consequential possibilities related to customer retention and value maximization microfinance practices being followed by your organization?

Sl. Particulars YES NO NOT SURE

a) Is there any migration of customers due to better rate of interest

b) Whether timely repayment is linked to increase in loan /credit eligibility.

c) Whether there is awareness about benefits of repayment

d) Whether there are enough options for availing microcredit for consumption and production purposes alike

e) Whether there is adequate awareness about crop and livestock insurance amongst target clients

f) Whether there is adequate supply side arrangements for micro insurance

C. SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE PRACTICES

1. Please indicate your opinion whether the following requests are “often” made regarding non repayment as per committed schedule for micro credit to your organization in reference to given options:-

Sl REASONS YES/ NO

a) Request for more time for repayment or waiver due to increase in input costs of micro enterprise / business venture

b) Request for more time for repayment or waiver due to inability to market produce / less than perceived income

c) Request for more time for repayment due to increase in cost / price of nutrition, health and / or education

d) Increase in Credit Quantum (initial loan sanction being insufficient)

e) Waiver of loan based on Govt. announcements

f) Lack of insurance of business / farm / life as a reason for non repayment / delayed / partial waiver esp in ref to loss / damage

g) Default as client peers (neighbours / acquaintance are not paying)

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2. Please mention other valid reasons based on your experience that has contribute to non

repayment of micro credit to your organisation

a. ________________________________________________

b. ________________________________________________

3. Please indicate you’re the most critical (top most priority) response while prioritizing reasons for extending micro credit (basis for giving small loans)

a. Collateral / Guarantor / Guarantee [ ]

b. Proof of Income [ ]

c. Past Repayment Performance [ ]

d. Assessment of Returns on economic activity [incl DPR] [ ]

e. Others (please specify) [ ]

4. In your opinion lack or non availability of proper demographic and socio economic data including that of livelihoods affects proper planning for increasing scope and extent of micro credit?

a. Not Applicable (Required data exists) [ ]

b. Applicable to an extent [ ]

c. Applicable to a large extent [data does not exist] [ ]

5. Please indicate your response regarding strategic importance of the following in reference to sustainability of microfinance

Sl No.

Particulars Very Important Important Not so important

a) Value Addition

b) Product Customisation

c) Distribution / Client Outreach

d) Human Resource Development

e) Client Protection

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Appendix-IV

STUDY ON THE IMPACT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE PRACTICES IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

INTERVIEW SCHEDULE-II

BORROWERS (HOUSEHOLDS)

Sl No. : Date of interview : A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION / DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 1. Name of the respondent : 2 Sex : MALE / FEMALE 3.Address (Location / Village and Block): 4. Age : 6. Literacy Level: a. Upto Cl. V [ ] b. Upto Cl. VIII [ ] c. Matriculate [ ] d. Under graduate [ ] e. Graduate & above [ ] 7. Current Occupation (tick any one relevant]

a. Farm based [ ] b. Non-farm based [ ] c. Both(Farm & nonfarm based) [ ] d. Service(Exclusive) [ ] e. Others (specify) [ ]

8. What is the average annual income of the family in Rs. Lakhs: B. DEMAND ASSESSMENT FOR MICROFINANCE (CLIENT BASED) 1. IF you have a savings bank account please select from the following options for depositing

savings (Select multiple if you have more than one option)

a. Savings Bank A/c in a Nationalised Bank

b. Savings Bank A/c in a Cooperative / Regional Rural Bank

c. Savings A/c in Thrift and Credit Cooperative

d. Membership in a SHG / Savings schemes in any Federation

e. Savings Schemes in Post Offices

2. If Yes to above, please select from the following the approximate average quantum of deposit that you normally deposit in a month in your savings bank account / savings options combined.

Sl. Average Quantum of deposit per month

1. Till Rs. 5000/-

2. From Rs.5001/- to Rs. 25000/-

3. From Rs. 25001/- to Rs. 50000/-

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3. What is the average number of transactions per month that you normally have for your

savings bank account with the bank / savings options combined?

Sl. Number of transactions

1. Generally nil on a monthly basis (less than 1)

2. Between 1 – 3 per month

3. Between 4 – 6 per month

4. More than 6 per month

4. Please RANK the following according to your choice for opening a savings bank account

and/or increasing the overall quantum and number` of transactions with your choice of

depositing savings:

a. Increase in Rate of Interest

b. Free of charge ATM facility

c. Assurance of credit on savings

d. Provision of insurance cover on savings

e. Accepting deposits from a centralized location outside the bank and near to the households

f. Any Other (Please Specify)

5. Demand for Credit : Do you normally take credit or have taken credit (not exceeding (3- 4 lakhs) from any source in recent past or intend to take it in immediate future? Yes/No.

6. In reference to your response at Sl. No. 5 above, please indicate your choice for the following

Reason Reason for taking credit. Please ()

Choice of MFI where you had got / have got (current) / most hopeful of getting credit (highest priority)

Personal (including health, purchase of domestic goods, or any household specific reasons not attributed elsewhere)

Education (including financing for admission fee, hostel, travel, purchase of books, education equipment such as laptops, computer and others)

Business (including financing for establishment, upgradation,

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purchase for inputs, construction, modification or beautification of shopping establishment, repayment of old business related dues amongst others)

Agriculture (including financing for purchase of farm inputs such as seeds, equipments such as tractors (if), implements, barbed wire, posts, jungle clearance and land development)

In the event respondent accords ‘highest priority’ to multiple microfinance institutions the same are indicated here for greater understanding regarding assessment of demand for microcredit.

7. Please select the appropriate choices from following for ‘Insurance’ Options

Insurance Options Are you aware of Insurance Options regarding the following in Y / N

Have you availed / availing insurance for the following in Y / N

Life Insurance

Agriculture Crop / Plantation

Livestock

General Disaster [Fire / Floods and others]

8. If you are aware of an option to insure the following – please mention corresponding reason

for non availing micro insurance

Insurance Options Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3

Life Insurance


Livestock

General Disaster [Fire /Floods & others]

If there are more reasons the same may be captured on the additional sheet where observations of Focus Group Discussions are being recorded.

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9. Please answer the following options in Y / N regarding demand assessment for Insurance options

Insurance Options

Are you interested in availing insurance for the following if the Government provides support for availing insurance? Answer in Y / N

Will you be interested in availing insurance for the following if premium is paid fully / partly (more than 50%) by the Govt? Answer in Y / N

Life Insurance


Livestock

General Disaster [Fire / Floods and others]

C. IMPACT PERCEPTION 1. Please indicate an appropriate response based on your perception if the following

influences your choice for accessing microfinance

Human Development Indicators YES NO NOT SURE / MAYBE

Health and Nutrition

Education (children and/or dependents)

Enabling citizen entitlements

For settling / repayment of loans taken from unorganized sector

For meeting balance costs for any income generating venture such as setting up a shop, purchase of additional inputs and related expenses

Promoting Women centric interests

For safekeeping of thrift and savings at household level

For ensuring risk coverage of income generating activity

For risk coverage of farm including rice fields and plantations

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2. Please indicate an appropriate response drawn on your perception about influence of

microfinance practices on the following aspects

Sl. No.

Factors Response

Yes NO May be

1. ECONOMIC FACTORS

a) Whether incomes have increased due to micro finance support

b) Whether you have changed your MFI due to changes in rate of interest for savings/loan/insurance

c) Whether timely repayment has been enabled obtaining additional loan / credit

SOCIAL FACTORS

a) Whether there has been an increase in your ability in influencing financial / economic decisions at household level (Participation at Household level)

b) Whether there has been a higher acceptance /acknowledgement from peers / society due to increase in income (Social Acknowledgement)

c) Whether there has been an increase in confidence in interacting with official functionaries (Interpersonal Communication)

d) Increase awareness of rights, entitlements and duties

e) Whether you are currently engaged in diffusion of positive practices in the society

POLITICAL FACTORS

a) Whether microfinance support has induced you towards increased participation in local level politics

b) Whether you are inclined to organize members from consumer households on a common platform

c) Whether you are inclined to assume leadership role limited to microfinance related issues

D. SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE PRACTICES 1. IF you have taken a loan in recent past and are currently under repayment or have finished

repayment within the current month, please select the appropriate from the given choices

Sl. No. Average Loan Quantum (in Rs.) Amount Name of MFI

Reponses from those respondents which have held that they have taken credit or are likely to take credit in immediate future are to be indicated MFI wise here.

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2. Please indicate your response based on your experience regarding given options in

reference to loan repayment and related issues

Sl.

REASONS YES / NO / NOT SURE

Response from MFI (+ve / -ve)

Please indicate the name of MFI also to whom this request was made*.

a) Request for more time for repayment or waiver due to increase in input costs of micro enterprise / business venture

b) Request for more time for repayment or waiver due to inability to market produce / less than perceived income

c) Request for more time for repayment due to increase in cost / price of nutrition, health and / or education

d) Increase in Credit Quantum (initial loan sanction being insufficient)

e) Waiver of loan based on Govt. announcements

f) Lack of insurance of business / farm / life as a reason for non repayment / delayed / partial waiver esp in reference to loss / damage

g) Any Other (Please specify)

* Indicate multiple options (on a separate sheet if necessary to assess MFI specific information

3. Please indicate your response regarding strategic importance of the following in reference

to sustainability of microfinance

Sl. Particulars Very Important

Important Not so important

a) Value Addition

b) Product Customisation

c) Human Resource Development (Skill Development for Record Keeping and Marketing)

d) Client Outreach (Incentives and Handholding)

e) Protection of Customer Interests

*****

Appendix I - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/45989/13/13_appendix.pdf · 51...

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