Appendix B.10 SEVESO III Classification · 2017. 1. 6. · A 04/07/16 Khadija Mu’azzam Pat Swords...

Appendix B.10

SEVESO III Classification

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SEVESO III Classification of Various Substances

Issue date: 16 December 2016

Boliden Tara Mines Laboratory Studies IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue: C

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162.TP.09, Issue 7, 31/03/2014 Formal Issue

Document Sign Off

SEVESO III Classification of Various Substances Boliden Tara Mines Laboratory Studies IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C

File No: IE0311731.22.270

CURRENT ISSUE

Issue No: C Date: 16/12/2016 Reason for issue: Updated Information

Sign Off Originator Checker Reviewer Approver Customer Approval (if required)

Print Name Orla Duggan Mags Dalton Orla Duggan

Signature Authorised Electronically

Date 16/12/2016 16/12/2016 16/12/2016

PREVIOUS ISSUES

Issue No

Date Originator Checker Reviewer Approver Customer Reason for issue

A 04/07/16 Khadija Mu’azzam

Pat Swords Pat Swords

For Information

B 15/08/16 Áine Monaghan

Pat Swords Pat Swords

Updated Information

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Boliden Tara Mines EHS Support

IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016

IE0311731-22-RP-0004_C_01.DOCX Page 3 of 33

Contents

1 Introduction 5

2 Methodology 6

2.1 Ecological Toxicity Classification 6

3 Results of Hazardous Classifications 12

4 Calculations 14

4.1 Copper Sulphate (Pentahydrate) 14

4.2 Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90% 16

4.3 Sodium Ethyl Xanthate 18

4.4 Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate 20

4.5 Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Monohydrate 22

4.6 Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) 23

5 Overall Seveso III Classification of Site Inventory 25

Appendix A 26

Seveso III Classification Table 26

Attachment 1 28

Copper Sulphate SDS 28

Attachment 2 29

Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90% SDS 29

Attachment 3 30

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate SDS 30

Attachment 4 31

Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthe 31

Attachment 5 32

Zinc Sulphate SDS 32

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Attachment 6 33

Sodium Cyanide SDS 33

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1 Introduction

Directive 2012/18/EU (also known as the SEVESO III directive) of the European Parliament on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directive 96/82/EC was published on the 4th of July 2012. It is implemented in Ireland by the Chemicals Act (Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances) Regulations 2015 (also known as the COMAH Regulations). The SEVESO III Directive set out rules to achieve the prevention of major accidents involving dangerous substances, and seek to limit as far as possible the consequences for human health and the environment of such accidents.

Under Directive 2012/18/EU, dangerous substances are classified using the European Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP regulation herein) on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.

This report will identify the hazardous classification of various substances used at Boliden Mines and subsequently help define the requirements of the site with respect to SEVESO III.

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2 Methodology

The substances at Boliden Mines which are the focus of this report are as follows:

- Copper sulphate (pentahydrate) (copper sulphate)

- Potassium isoamyl xanthate 90% (PAX)

- Sodium Ethyl Xanthate (SEX)

- Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate (SIPX)

- Zinc sulphate anhydrous, monohydrate (zinc sulphate)

- Sodium Cyanide

Each substance is diluted with water. This report helps determine the w/w percentage at which the new solution is no longer classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III Directive.

2.1 Ecological Toxicity Classification

Ecotoxicology data was obtained where possible from the relevant Safety Data Sheets (SDS), included in Attachments 1 - 4. In instances where data was insufficient, the ECHA substance database published by the European Chemicals Agency was used to obtain the relevant ecotoxicology data.

The dilution formulae for acute and chronic aquatic toxicity are displayed in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 respectively below as obtained from section 4.1.3.5.2 (a) & (b) of the CLP regulation.

The diluted mixture is then classified according to Table 4.1.0 of the CLP regulation (displayed on pg. 8 and 9 of this report) depending on the ecotoxicology data available.

Figure 4.1.2 from the CLP regulation (displayed below) displays the tiered approach to classification for acute and long-term aquatic environmental hazards. Adequate aquatic information was available (either from the SDS or ECHA) for all four substances, the summation method was only used in one instance where insufficient information was available.

Note: The Seveso III Directive applies the following:

Environmental Hazards Lower Tier Limit (tonnes)

Upper Tier Limit (tonnes)

E1 Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment in Category Acute 1 or

Chronic 1 100 200

E2 Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment in Category Chronic 2 200 500

Note: Additional additive rules apply as per Note 4 to Annex I of the Seveso III Directive.

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Figure 2.1: Acute aquatic toxicity dilution calculation

Figure 2.2: Chronic aquatic toxicity dilution calculation

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3 Results of Hazardous Classifications

Table 3 (i) summarizes the results of the classification of the aqueous solutions of the six substances under review. The non-Seveso dilution percentage is the w/w% of the substance which when mixed with water, does not fall under the scope of the SEVESO III directive in relation to environmental hazards only.

Table 3 (i): Classification summary table

Item No.

Substance Name CAS Number

Environmental H-Phrases

Seveso class.

Readily Degradable according to CLP?

Dilution percentage

1 Copper Sulphate (Pentahydrate)

7758-98-7

H400

H410

E1

Yes

7-100%

- N/A 0-7%*

2 Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate

928-70-1 H411 E2

Yes 75-100%

- N/A 0-75%

3 Sodium Ethyl Xanthate 140-90-9

H400

H410

E1

Yes 11.5-100%

- N/A 0-11.5%

4 Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate

140-90-9 H411 E2

Yes 25-100%

- N/A 0-25%

5 Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Monohydrate

7446-19-7

H400

H410

E1

No

25-100%

H411 E2 2.5-25%

- N/A 0-2.5%

6 Sodium Cyanide 143-33-9

H400

H410 E1

Yes 1-100%

- N/A 0-1%

*If a European Chemical Agency (ECHA) proposal dating to 2013 to reclassify copper sulphate is adopted, which is not yet the case, then this concentration of 7% could be reduced to 2.5%.

The implications of the above for Boliden Tara Mines are that the existing 160 m3 of copper sulphate solution at approx.10% concentration and the 22 m3 of zinc sulphate solution at approx. 9% would contribute to the Seveso calculation of the inventory of dangerous substances at the site. These two on their own would nearly exceed the E2 lower tier threshold of 200 tonnes, therefore leaving little remaining inventory allowance for other substances classified as an environmental hazard. By controlling the concentrations of the xanthate solutions, it should be possible to remain outside a Seveso III classification. One could also argue that reducing the copper sulphate concentration to less than 7% would remove it from consideration as a dangerous substance for the purpose of Seveso, but there is proposal by ECHA to reclassify copper sulphate, which if

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adopted would reduce this percentage to 2.5%. Therefore, over the longer term there is some uncertainty with this option of maintaining below 7%.

If Boliden Tara Mines were to fall under the scope of the Seveso III Directive, it would be necessary to complete a risk assessment with respect to any scenarios which could lead to a potential Major Accident to the Environment (MATTE). With respect to the criteria set out in Annex VI of the Seveso Directive 2012/18/EC for notification of an accident to the European Commission it is considered that a release to the environment from any relevant scenarios, which would be identified, could fall under the following reportable category and constitute a Major Accident to the Environment (MATTE):

3. Immediate damage to the environment:

(a) permanent or long-term damage to terrestrial habitats:

(i)0,5 ha or more of a habitat of environmental or conservation importance protected by legislation;

(ii)10 or more hectares of more widespread habitat, including agricultural land;

(b) significant or long-term damage to freshwater and marine habitats:

(i)10 km or more of river or canal;

(ii)1 ha or more of a lake or pond;

(iii)2 ha or more of delta;

(iv)2 ha or more of a coastline or open sea;

(c)significant damage to an aquifer or underground water:

1 ha or more.

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4 Calculations

4.1 Copper Sulphate (Pentahydrate)

4.1.1 Substance Information

100% copper sulphate has the following hazard phrases thereby placing it in the E1 classification category under the Seveso III directive:

- H400 Aquatic acute category 1

- H410 Aquatic chronic category 1

According to sections 4.1.2.7.1 & 4.1.2.7.2 of the CLP regulation, acute aquatic toxicity should be determined using a fish 96-hour LC50, a Crustacea species 48-hour EC50 and/or an algal species 72/96-hour EC50, whilst for chronic aquatic toxicity NOECs or other equivalent ECx values shall be used.

The following values were obtained from the SDS supplied by Boliden Harjavalta Oy:

- LC50 Fish (96hours) 0.17 mg/l

- LC50 Crustacea (48hours) 0.182 mg/l

From the ECHA CLH Report for Copper Sulphate Pentahydrate1, a proposal for a Harmonised Classification, pages 148 to 164 deal extensively with the issue of biodegradation of copper, of which some of the conclusions are summarised by the points below:

- The above findings for the generalized lake environment supports ”rapid removal of copper-ions,” equivalent to “biodegradation of organic substances”

- RMS is therefore of the opinion that copper fulfils the criteria of rapid removal, as more than 70% of copper is removed from the water column within 28 days.

It is therefore appropriate to assume that in the formula in Figure 2.2, copper sulphate can be treated as a rapidly biodegradable substance. Note: The proposal for a Harmonised Classification, which has not yet been formally adopted, proposes a revised chronic aquatic classification of:


Plus for environmental hazard acute category 1, H400, an M factor of 10 should be applied. The same ECHA report references numerous test results for copper sulphate and concludes that for the acute classification the relevant reference value is 0.073 mg/l and for the chronic classification the relevant reference value is 0.019 mg/l.

Therefore according to the criteria given in 4.1.0 (a) & (b)(ii) of the CLP regulation, obtaining an LC50 of > 1 mg/l and an NOEC value of >0.1 mg/l would classify the substance as category chronic 3, thereby removing it from the scope of Seveso III.

4.1.2 Calculation

4.1.2.1 (A) Acute aquatic toxicity

1 http://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/5b8705d9-bd29-48ee-8213-6db11f6db52b

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By using the additive formula in Section 4.1.3.5.2 of the CLP regulation, a concentration below 7% will remove a copper sulphate from the acute category 1, such that it will no longer be considered for Seveso III in this category. However, there is also a proposal, not yet adopted by the EU, to apply an M factor of 10 for copper sulphate. If this was to occur in the future, the following summation formula from Section 4.1.3.5.5 of the CLP regulation would apply and as such then, the relevant concentration at which one would need to be under to drop out of an acute category 1 classification would be 2.5%.

4.1.2.1 (B) Chronic aquatic toxicity

EqNOECm = 1.03mg/l When diluted with water to 18.5%, copper sulphate is no longer a chronic category 2. Therefore, the deciding parameter for the purpose of the Seveso III classification is the acute category 1, which under the present state of knowledge, only applies if the concentration is > 7%. In conclusion, under the present state of knowledge, copper sulphate is no longer classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III Directive if the concentration is ≤ 7%.

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4.2 Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90%


Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90% (PAX herein) has the following hazard phrase thereby placing it in the E2 classification category under the SEVESO III directive:


PAX is inherently biodegradable as stated on the SDS supplied by Algol Chemicals, and can further be classified as rapidly degradable according to ECHA.21 The degradation products formed include alcohol, carbon disulphide, hydrogen disulphide and sulphur ions and are dependent on varying factors such as temperature, pH and concentration of the solution.

These products are also classified as rapidly degrading as according to section 4.1.2.9.2 of the CLP regulation, a BOD (5 days)/COD ratio of => 0.5 is considered indicative of rapid degradation. Table 4 (i) displays a summary of the degradability data of the degradation products of Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate.

Table 4 (i): Summary of degradability data of the degradation products of PAX

Substance Name CAS No. BOD (5Days) COD Ratio Rapidly Degradable?

Alcohol (Ethanol) 64-17-5 1.067 g O2/g test material

1.99 g O2/g test material

0.53 Yes

Carbon Disulphide 75-15-0 Not Provided Not Provided Not

Provided

Yes (Stated on ECHA as substance is 100% readily biodegradable)

Hydrogen disulphide and sulphur ions are inorganic compounds therefore the concept of degradability has no bearing.

According to sections 4.1.2.7.1 & 4.1.2.7.2 of the CLP regulation, acute aquatic toxicity should be determined using a fish 96-hour LC50, a Crustacea species 48-hour EC50 and/or an algal species 72/96-hour EC50 whilst for chronic aquatic toxicity NOECs or other equivalent ECx values shall be used.

The following values were obtained the 2013 SDS (included in attachment 1) supplied by Algol Chemicals Oy:

- NOEC Fish (28 days) 0.79 mg/l

- NOEC Crustacea None

- NOEC Algae (72 hours) 1 mg/l

Due to the rapidly degrading nature of PAX, it could be argued that a chronic category 3 classification would be more appropriate in contrast to the category 2 classification stated on the SDS. These calculations will assume the category 2 classification as according to the SDS in the interest of being conservative.

Adequate toxicity data is available two out of the three trophic levels, therefore according to the criteria given in Table 4.1.0(b)(ii) of the CLP regulation, obtaining an NOEC value of >0.1 mg/l would classify the substance as category chronic 3, thereby removing it from the scope of Seveso III.

The most conservative NOEC value of 0.79 mg/l for fish is used for this calculation.

2 http://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11851/2/3

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4.2.2 Calculation

4.2.2.1 Chronic aquatic toxicity

When diluted with water to 75% PAX is no longer classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III Directive.

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4.3 Sodium Ethyl Xanthate


100% Sodium Ethyl Xanthate (SEX) has the following hazard phrases thereby placing it in the E1 classification category under the SEVESO III directive:



SEX is inherently biodegradable as stated on SDS supplied by Algol Chemicals and can further be classified as rapidly degradable according to ECHA.3 It decomposes in water giving alcohol, carbon disulphide and hydrogen disulphide as degradation products. Both alcohol and carbon disulphide are rapidly degrading substances as stated in Table ii below.

Hydrogen disulphide is an inorganic compound and as such the concept of degradability has no bearing on it.

According to section 4.1.2.9.2 of the CLP regulation, a BOD (5 days)/COD ratio of ≥ 0.5 is considered indicative of rapid degradation. Table 4 (ii) displays a summary of the degradability data of the degradation products of Sodium Ethyl Xanthate.

Table 4 (ii): Summary of degradation products of Sodium Ethyl Xanthate obtained from ECHA

Substance Name CAS No. BOD (5Days) COD Ratio Rapidly Degradable?

Alcohol (Ethanol) 64-17-5 1.067 g O2/g test

material 1.99 g O2/g test material

0.53 Yes

Carbon Disulphide 75-15-0 Not Provided Not Provided Not Provided Yes (Stated on ECHA

as substance is 100% readily biodegradable)

According to sections 4.1.2.7.1 & 4.1.2.7.2 of the CLP regulation, acute aquatic toxicity should be determined using a fish 96-hour LC50, a Crustacea species 48-hour EC50 and/or an algal species 72/96-hour EC50 whilst for chronic aquatic toxicity NOECs or other equivalent ECx values shall be used.

The following values were obtained from the SDS supplied by Algol Chemicals Oy:

- LC50 Fish (96hours) 0.12 mg/l

- EC50 Crustacea (24hours) 0.35 mg/l

- EC50 Algae (72hours) 10.51 mg/l

- NOEC Algae (72hours) 1 mg/l

- NOEC Fish (28 days) < 0.03 mg/l

- NOEC Crustacea (21days) 0.047mg/l

Adequate toxicity data is available from all three trophic levels, therefore according to the criteria given in 4.1.0 (a) & (b)(ii) of the CLP regulation for acute and chronic aquatic toxicity, obtaining an LC50 value of > 1mg/l and NOEC value of >0.1 mg/l respectively would classify this substance as category chronic 3, thereby removing it from the scope of Seveso III.

3 http://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/8329/5/7

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4.3.2 Calculation

4.1.3.5.2 (A) Acute aquatic toxicity

The most conservative LC50 value of 0.12 mg/l for Fish is used for the calculation of acute aquatic toxicity.

4.1.3.5.2 (B) Chronic aquatic toxicity

The most conservative NOEC value of 0.03 mg/l for Fish is used for the calculation of chronic aquatic toxicity.

As can be seen above, the defining parameter for Seveso III classification is the requirement to obtain a classification outside of acute category 1. At this concentration a classification which is no longer chronic category 2 is confirmed. In conclusion, when diluted with water to 11.5%, SEX is no longer classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III directive.

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4.4 Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate


100% Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthe (SIPX) has the following hazard phrases thereby placing it in the E2 classification category under the SEVESO III directive:


SIPX is inherently biodegradable, as stated on SDS supplied by Boric Chemicals Ltd. and can further be classified as readily biodegradable in water according to ECHA4. It decomposes in water giving carbon disulphide and Isopropyl Alcohol (propanol) as degradation products. Both carbon disulphide and Isopropyl Alcohol are rapidly degrading substances as stated in table ii below.

Hydrogen disulphide is an inorganic compound and as such the concept of degradability has no bearing on it.

According to section 4.1.2.9.2 of the CLP regulation, a BOD (5 days)/COD ratio of => 0.5 is considered indicative of rapid degradation. Table 4 (iii) displays a summary of the degradability data of the degradation products of Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate.

Table 4 (iii): Summary of degradation products of Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate obtained from ECHA

Substance Name CAS No. BOD5 (5Days) COD Ratio (BOD5/COD)

Rapidly Degradable?

Carbon Disulphide 75-15-0 Not Provided Not Provided Not Provided Yes (Stated on ECHA

as 100% readily biodegradable)

Isopropyl Alcohol 67-64-1 1850 mg O2/g

Isopropyl Alcohol 1.92 mg O2/g

Isopropyl Alcohol

1848.1 Yes (Stated on ECHA as 100% readily biodegradable)

According to sections 4.1.2.7.1 & 4.1.2.7.2 of the CLP regulation, acute aquatic toxicity should be determined using a fish 96-hour LC50, a Crustacea species 48-hour EC50 and/or an algal species 72/96-hour EC50 whilst for chronic aquatic toxicity NOECs or other equivalent ECx values shall be used. Tables 4 (iv) and Table 4 (vi) provide Ecotoxicity data for Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Iso-Propyl Xanthate obtained from the SDS supplied by Boric Chemicals Ltd and the ECHA Website Database.

Table 4 (iv): Ecotoxicity data for Acute Toxicity of Iso-Propyl Xanthate obtained from the SDS supplied by Boric Chemicals Ltd and the ECHA Website Database:

Trophic Level SDS (Boric Chemicals Ltd.) ECHA Website Database

Fish LC50 Fish (96hours): 10mg/l *Assume 10ppm = 10 mg/L

LC50 Fish (96hours):

10µg/l – 1,000, 000µg/l

Crustacean EC50 Crustacean (48hours): 0.1mg/l *Assume 0.1ppm = 0.1 mg/L

EC50 Crustacean (48hours): 226.8mg/l

Algae EC50 Algae (96hours): 175 mg/l EC50 Algae (96hours): 78.92mg/l

4 https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13542/5/3/2

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Table (vi): Chronic Toxicity values were obtained for Iso-Propyl Xanthate from the SDS supplied by Boric Chemicals Ltd and the ECHA Website Database


Fish Not Available NOEC Fish (30 Days): 43.17mg/l – 44.399mg/l

Crustacean

Not Available NOEC Aquatic Invertebrates (30 Days): 21mg/l – 78.923mg/l

Algae Not Available NOEC Algae (30 Days): 26.769 mg/l

According to the CLP Regulation and ECHA, the harmonised hazard classification for Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate in its pure state (100% concentration) is; Aquatic Chronic Category 2 (H411). However, the available toxicology data for this substance in displayed in Table 4 (v) previously does not meet the criteria for classification as Aquatic Chronic Category 2 (H411) listed in Table 4.1.0 of the CLP Regulation. In this instance, one must refer to Table 4.1.2 of the CLP Regulation displayed below;

According to Table 4.1.2 above, a mixture is classified as Chronic 2 when the concentration of classified components is more than or equal to 25%. Therefore, a solution of less than or equal to 25% Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate in water will be classified as Chronic Category 3 and will no longer be classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III directive.

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4.5 Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Monohydrate


100% Zinc sulphate has the following hazard phrase thereby placing it in the E1 classification category under the SEVESO III directive:



Zinc sulphate is an inorganic substance therefore the concept of degradability as applied to organic compounds has no bearing as stated in section 4.1.2.10.1 of the CLP regulation.

4.5.2 Calculation

The information submitted by the Zinc REACH users group for Zinc Sulphate5, provided an ‘M’ number of 1 for both acute aquatic and chronic aquatic hazards. Neither information on the biodegradability / bioaccumulation of zinc sulphate nor chronic eco-toxicity data was available, so these ‘M’ numbers were used for the summation calculation, as per Section 4.1.3.5.5. of the CLP Regulation.

Table 4.1.1: Acute aquatic toxicity

At 25 w/w% concentration zinc sulphate is not acute aquatic toxicity category 1.

Table 4.1.2: Chronic aquatic toxicity

The determining parameter for Seveso classification of zinc sulphate is the chronic aquatic toxicity of 2.5%. In conclusion when diluted with water to 2.5% zinc sulphate is no longer classified as a dangerous substance for the purpose of the SEVESO III directive.

5 http://www.reach-zinc.eu/doc/menu_114/UP_2013-01-08_09-37-23_2012_CL_Zinc_sulphate.pdf

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IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


4.6 Sodium Cyanide (NaCN)


100% Sodium Cyanide has the following hazard phrases thereby placing it in the E1 classification category under the SEVESO III directive:



NaCN is inherently biodegradable as stated on the SDS supplied by Brenntag UK and Ireland Chemicals, and can further be classified as inherently biodegradable according to ECHA6.

The following Acute Toxicity values were obtained from the SDS supplied by Brenntag UK and Ireland Chemicals and the ECHA Website Database:


Fish LC50 Fish (96hours): 0.042mg/l LC50 Fish (96hours): 0.098 – 0.103 mg/l

Crustacean EC10 Crustacean (5 days): 0.022mg/l EC50 Crustacean (48hours): 0.012 – 10mg/l

Algae Not Available EC50 Algae (96hours): Not Available

The following Chronic Toxicity values were obtained from the SDS supplied by Boric Chemicals Ltd and the ECHA Website Database:


Fish Not Available Not Available

Crustacean

Not Available Not Available

Algae IC10 Algae (8 days): 0.03mg/l EC50 (32 days) 20 – 28mg/l

Sodium Cyanide will be stored on site at Tara Mines in mixtures of 100% and >10% concentration. The classification of Sodium Cyanide at >10% concentration is as follows in section 4.5.2.

6 https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/brief-profile/-/briefprofile/100.005.091

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4.6.2 Calculation

4.5.2.1 (A) Acute aquatic toxicity (Sodium Cyanide at >10% concentration)

The most conservative LC50 value of 0.012 mg/l for Crustacean is used for the calculation of acute aquatic toxicity.

A Sodium Cyanide mixture diluted with water to a concentration of >10% has an acute toxicity value (LC50) of 0.12mg/l which is classified as acute category 1 according to Table 4.1.0 of the CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

4.5.2.1 (B) Chronic aquatic toxicity (Sodium Cyanide at >10% concentration)

The most conservative NOEC value of 20mg/l for Algae is used for the calculation of chronic aquatic toxicity

A Sodium Cyanide mixture diluted with water to a concentration of >10% has a chronic toxicity value (NOEC) of 202mg/l, which is no longer classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment with long lasting effects according to Table 4.1.0 of the CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

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4.5.2.1 (C) Acute aquatic toxicity (Sodium Cyanide at 1% concentration)

The most conservative LC50 value of 0.012 mg/l for Crustacean is used for the calculation of acute aquatic toxicity.

A Sodium Cyanide mixture diluted with water to a concentration of 1% has an acute toxicity value (LC50) of 1.2mg/l which is no longer classified as acutely toxic to the aquatic environment.

5 Overall Seveso III Classification of Site Inventory

The Boliden site chemical inventory has been assessed for Seveso III classification in accordance with the methodology and thresholds set out in Schedule 1 of the Chemicals Act (Control of Major Accident Hazards involving Dangerous Substances) Regulations 2015.

The results of this assessment are set out in Table A.1 in Appendix A. The maximum inventory quantities have been provided by Boliden.

It is noted that Lead Concentrate has been excluded from the assessment following instruction by Boliden, who is currently assessing the applicability of the Seveso III regulations to this substance with Euromines (European Association of Mining Industries).

Based on the inventory quantities provided by Boliden, and on the exclusion of Lead Concentrate the Boliden site does not qualify as a Lower or Upper Tier COMAH establishment.

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Appendix A

Seveso III Classification Table

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LT

Threshold

UT

Threshold

Fraction of

LTT

Fraction

of UTT

LT

Threshold

UT

Threshold

Fraction of

LTT

Fraction of

UTT

LT

Threshold

UT

Threshold

Fraction of

LTT

Fraction of

UTT

Sodium Cyanide 1.5 AT1/H1, - AA1, AC1 /E1 5 20 0.3 0.075 100 200 0.015 0.0075

Sodium Cyanide 20% Sol. 3.0 AT1/H1 - AA1, AC1/E1 5 20 0.6 0.15 100 200 0.03 0.015

Sodium Cyanide <10% Sol. AT2/H2 AA1, AC1/E1 50 200 0 0 100 200 0 0

Zinc Sulphate 10 - - AA1, AC1/E1 100 200 0.1 0.05

Zinc Sulphate (9%) 22 - - AC2/E2 200 500 0.11 0.044

Copper Sulphate 40 - - AA1, AC1/E1 100 200 0.4 0.2

Copper Sulphate (10%) - - AA1/E1 100 200 0 0

Copper Sulphate (<7%)* 160 - - _

Ferric Sulphate (40%) 48 - - -

SEX - - AA1, AC1/E1 - - 100 200 0 0

SEX (15%) - - AA1/E1 100 200 0 0

SIPX 20 - - AC2/E2 - - 200 500 0.1 0.04

SIPX (15%) 44 - - _

PAX 20 - - AC2/E2 - - 200 500 0.1 0.04

PAX (15%) 22 - - _

MIBC 5 - FL3/P5c - 5000 50000 0.001 0.0001

Ammonium Nitrate 75 - Explosive (NS) P8 - 350 2500 0.214 0.03

Danofloat 507 10 - - AC2/E2 200 500 0.05 0.02

Danofloat 068 10 - - -

Zinc Frother (Frothbel J1000) 10 - - -

Flocculant (Drewfloc_270) 3 - - -

0.9 0.225 0.22 0.03 0.905 0.42

*If a European Chemical Agency (ECHA) proposal dating to 2013 to reclassify copper sulphate is adopted, which is not yet the case, then this

concentration of 7% could be reduced to 2.5%.

Substance Name

Maximum

Quantity

[Tonnes]

Health HazardPhysical

Hazard

Environmental

Hazard

Health Hazards Physical Hazards Environmental Hazards

Table A.1: Classification of Site Inventory in accordance with COMAH Regulations 2015

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Attachment 1 Copper Sulphate SDS

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Acute tox. 4 - Acute toxicity, H302 Eye Dam. 1 - Serious eye damage/eye irritation, H318 Skin Sens. 1 - Respiratory or skin sensitisation, H317 Carc. 1A - Carcinogenicity, H350 Repr. 1B - Reproductive toxicity, H360 STOT RE 2 - Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure, H373 Aquatic Acute 1 - Hazardous to the aquatic environment, H400 Aquatic Chronic 1 - Hazardous to the aquatic environment, H410

T , N

R22 - Harmful if swallowed. R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes. R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact. R48/22 - Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. R49 - May cause cancer by inhalation. R61 - May cause harm to unborn child. R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Danger

Safety data sheet :

Copper sulphate (pentahydrate)Version: 0

Date: 2013-03-13

Issuer:

Date of issue: 2010-10-01

Internally checked: 2011-10-17

Revised:

1. Identification of the substance/preparation and the company/undertaking

1.1. Product identifier Copper sulphate (pentahydrate)1.2. Relevant identified uses of

the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Inorganic acid copper salt. Chemical in concentrators, metal coating, trace

element of fertilizers.

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Supplier: Boliden Harjavalta Oy PL 60 28101 PoriTelephone: (02) 5358 111

Telefax: (02) 5358 181

1.4. Emergency telephonenumber

In Finland: 09-471 977; 09-4711

Registration number 01-2119520566-40-0008

2. Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [CLP/GHS]

Classification according to 67/548/EC or 1999/45/EC

2.2. Label elements

Labelling according to Regulation (EU) no 1272/2008 (CLP/GHS)

Page 1 of 6Chemweb

13.3.2013http://bolsrv0015.bol.internal/chemweb/STtemplate.aspx?Type=Vib&locale=7&id=7e9...

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Hazard statements- H302 - Harmful if swallowed.

- H318 - Causes serious eye damage.

- H317 - May cause allergic skin reaction. - H350 - May cause cancer .

- H360 - May damage fertility or the unborn child .- H373 - May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated

exposure . - H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Precautionary statementsGeneral

Prevention- P201 - Obtain special instructions before use.

- P202 - Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.

- P260 - Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. - P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

- P264 - Wash thoroughly after handling.

- P270 - Do no eat, drink or smoke when using this product. - P272 - Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the

workplace. - P273 - Avoid release to the environment.

- P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

- P281 - Use personal protective equipment as required.

Measures

- P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

- P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.- P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for

several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.

Continue rinsing.- P308 + P313 - IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

- P310 - Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. - P314 - Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.

- P321 - Specific treatment (see on this label).

- P330 - Rinse mouth. - P333 + P313 - If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical

advice/attention. - P363 - Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

- P391 - Collect spillage.

Storage

- P405 - Store locked up.

Disposal- P501 - Dispose of contents/container to

2.3. Other hazards

2.2. Label elements

Directive 67/548/EEC:

R phrases: R22-36/38-50/53

S-phrases: S2 - Keep out of the reach of children.

S22 - Do not breathe dust. S45 - in case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice

immediately (show the labelwhere possible)

S53 - avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use

S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.

3. Composition/Information on ingredients

Chemical name of the substance CAS Content/Concentration 67/548/EC classification OEL **

Page 2 of 6Chemweb


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No. *

Registration number EC No. CLP/GHS classification PBT/vPvB

Copper sulphate (CuSO4*5H2O) 7758-98-7

97 % - 100 % Xn,Xi,N R22-36/38-50/53

231-847-6

Nickel sulphate (NiSO4*H2O) 7786-81-4

0.6 % - 1.8 % T,N R49-61-20/22-38-42/43-48/23-68-50/53

232-104-9

Acute tox. 4, H302Acute tox. 4, H332Aquatic Chronic 1, H410Carc. 1A, H350iMuta. 2, H341Repr. 1B, H360DResp. Sens. 1, H334Skin Irrit. 2, H315Skin Sens. 1, H317STOT RE 1, H372

* For the wording of the listed R- H- and EUH-statements reger to section 16

** Limit values are shown in section 8

Free text:

4. First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid

measuresIf inhaled: Get medical advice/attention.

Skin: Rinse skin with water and.

Splash in eye: Rinse cautiously with water for 15 minutes.

If swallowed: Rinse mouth and drink a lot of water (240-300 ml). Induce vomiting. Get

medical advice/attention immediately.

4.2. Most important symptoms

and effects, both acute and delayed

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special

treatment needed

5. Fire-fighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media Water, dry powder, carbon dioxide. 5.2. Special hazards arising from

the substance or mixture

Coppersulphate decomposes at temperatures over 400ºC forming sulphur

dioxide.

5.3. Advice for firefighters Use oxygen aparatus and protective clases and clothing when

extinguishing a large fire. Avoid sraying water directly to copper sulphate melt. Remove coppersulphate from fire area, if it is possible without risks.

Cool packed copper sulphate with water, it its' removal from the fire area is not possible.

6. Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and

emergency procedures

Prevent people's access to release area. Avoid spillages to skin, eyes and chlothing. Use personal protecting equipment.

6.2. Environmental precautions Avoid release to environment, soil, groundwater and sewage system.

6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Collect the spilled substance, rinse the contaminated area and neutralize with lime.

6.4. Reference to other sections -

7. Handling and storage

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7.1. Precautions for safe handling

Use personal protective equipment (protective googles, rubber glaves and respirator P2 when needed).

7.2. Conditions for safe storage,

including any incompatibilities

Dry storage, which is meant for chemicals.

7.3. Specific end use(s) -

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

HTP values Copper sulphate HTP (8h) = 1 mg/m3 (Cu)Nickel compounds HTP (8h) = 0.1 mg/m3 (Ni)

Other limit values -

DNEL -

PNEC -

8.2. Exposure controls

Occupational exposure controls Arrange proper ventilation. Use personal protecting equipment. Provide an eye-rinsing bottle with pure water.

Eye and face protection Use protective goggles.

Skin protection -

Hand protection Neoprene gloves

Respiratory protection Use respirator P2 when needed.

Environmental exposure controlsCollect the spilled substance, rinse the contaminated area and neutralize with lime.

9. Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Colour: blue

Form: Solid, crystalline

Odour: Odourless

Flash point °C: -

pH of concentrate: 2 (100 g/l CuSO4)

pH of solution:

Solution%:

9.2. Other information

Odour threshold -

Melting or freezing point 110ºC

Initial boiling point and boiling range

150ºC

Evaporation rate -

Flammability (solid, gas) -

Upper and lower flammability

and explosive limits

-

Vapour pressure -

Vapour density -

Relative density 2,286 g/cm3

Solubility Water: => 22 g/ 100 g at 20ºC

Partition coefficient: n-

octanol/water

-

Auto-ignition temperature -

Decomposition temperature >400ºC

Viscosity -

Explosive properties -

Oxidising properties -

9.2. Other information -

10. Stability and reactivity

10.1. Reactivity -

10.2. Chemical stability Stable

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10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions

Solution can react with magnesium formiing hydrogen. Contact with hydroxyamine (NH2OH) can ignite hydroxylamine. At temperatures over

400ºC copper sulphate decomposes forming copper oxide and sulphur dioxide.

10.4. Conditions to avoid High temperatures (>400ºC)

10.5. Incompatible materials Magnesium, hydroxylamine

10.6. Hazardous decomposition

products

Sulphur dioxide

11. Toxicological information

11.1. Information on

toxicological effectsAcute toxicity LD50 = 300 mg/kg (by mouth, rat).

Irritation and corrosivity Irritates skin, eyes and linings.

Sensitisation Repeated skin contact can cause rash.

Carcinogenic, mutagenity or

reproductive toxicity

Not known

Toxicity to organs Copper sulphate affects metabolism and secretion of liver and kidney.

Aspiration danger -

Other health related data -

12. Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity LC50 = 0,182 mg/l (Daphnia 24 h)

LC50 = 0,17 mg/l (rainbow trout 24 h)

12.2. Persistence anddegradability

Not biodegradable

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential Copper sulphate does not accumulate.

12.4. Mobility in soil Soluble in water

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB

assessment

12.6. Other adverse effects Not classified.

13. Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods Copper is precipitated with bases from solutions. Solid material is treated

as hazardous waste.

14. Transport information

14.1. UN number 307714.2. UN proper shipping name UN 3077 Copper sulphate

14.3. Transport hazard class(es)

(ADR/RID) 9

(IMDG/IMO)

Inland waterway (ADN)

(ICAO/IATA)

EMS

14.4. Packing group III

Hazard No.: 90

14.5. Environmental hazards Avoid release to environment, soil, groundwater and sewage system.

14.6. Special precautions for user

-

14.7. Transport in bulk according

to Annex II of MARPOL73/78

and the IBC Code

-

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15. Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health andenvironmental

regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

-

15.2. Chemical safety assessment

-

16. Other information

Hazard statements - H302 - Harmful if swallowed. - H315 - Causes skin irritation.

- H317 - May cause allergic skin reaction. - H332 - Harmful if inhaled.

- H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if

inhaled.- H341 - Suspected of causing genetic defects 0.

- H350i - May cause cancer by inhalation - H360D - May damage the unborn child.

- H372 - Causes damage to organs 0 through prolonged or repeated exposure .

- H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

R-Phrases - R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

- R22 - Harmful if swallowed.

- R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. - R38 - Irritating to skin.

- R42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. - R48/23 - Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged

exposure through inhalation. - R49 - May cause cancer by inhalation.

- R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term effects in

the aquatic environment. - R61 - May cause harm to unborn child.

- R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects.

Changes to previous version

Abbreviations -

Data sources

Method of classification in use

Training for workers

From section 1 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Classification of economic activities SU 3, 22. 2008/533: 244Use categories PROC 2, 3, 5, 8b, 22, 23, 9, 15, 7, 13, 1, 4, 25, 10.

2008/533: 55

Emergency telephone number

In Finland: 09-471 977 (direct); 09-4711 (switchboard), Myrkytystietokeskus, PL 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 HUS (Helsinki).

Page 6 of 6Chemweb


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IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


Attachment 2 Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90% SDS

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Conforms to Annex II of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) SAFETY DATA SHEET

Algol Chemicals Oy

Page 1 / 19 Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90% Version 1.0 Date: 17th May 2013 Previous date: -

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING

1.1 Product identifier Commercial Product Name: Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90 % Chemical name: Potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate EC number: 213-180-2 CAS number: 928-70-1 REACH registration number: 01-2119968655-21-0000 Trade codes: PIAX-90B-BX and PIAX-90B-DR 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended use Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent Most common technical function of

substance: Flotation agent

Uses Advised Against: Only the uses covered by the exposure scenarios are recommended (see Annex).

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier: Algol Chemicals Oy Street address: Karapellontie 6

PL13 Postcode and post office: 02610 Espoo Country: FINLAND Telephone: +358(0) 9 50991 Telefax: +358(0) 9 595006 Email: [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number Telephone number, name and address: See section 16.6 for the list of telephone numbers of poison centres in the

European Economic Area. Poison Centre, Tukholmankatu 17, PL 790, 00029 HUS (Helsinki), (24h)/+358 (0)9 4711, direct number +358 (0)9 471977

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

This substance is classified as hazardous in accordance with the CLP regulation 1272/2008 and the Directive

67/548/EEC. This substance is harmful if swallowed and toxic in contact with skin. It causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage, and may cause an allergic skin reaction. It is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture 1272/2008 (CLP): Flam. Solid 2 H228 Acute Tox. 4 H302 Acute Tox. 3 H311 Skin Sens. 1 H317 Skin Corr. 1A H314 Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 67/548/EEC (DSD): F;R11 Xn;R22 T;R24 C;R35 R43 N;R51/53

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mailto:[email protected]�


Algol Chemicals Oy


2.2 Label elements 1272/2008 (CLP) GHS02 GHS06 GHS05 GHS09

Signal word: Danger Hazard Statements: H228 Flammable solid. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H311 Toxic in contact with skin. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary Statements: P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/... /hot

surfaces.... No smoking. P232 Protect from moisture. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye

protection/face protection. P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all

contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P402 Store in a dry place P501 Dispose of contents/container (as hazardous waste

according to local waste management regulations.) 2.3 Other hazards The criteria for PBT and vPvB are not met and this substance is not hazardous to ozone layer.

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

3.1 Substances Mono-constituent substance EC number: CAS number: Chemical name of the substance: Concentration: Classification: 213-180-2 928-70-1 Potassium isopentyl

dithiocarbonate > 84.2 - 100 % (w/w) EC 1272/2008 (CLP):

Flam. Solid 2; H228 Acute Tox. 4; H302 Acute Tox. 3; H311 Skin Sens. 1; H317 Skin Corr. 1A; H314 Aquatic Chronic 2; H411 67/548/EEC (DSD) F;R11 Xn; R22 T; R24 C;R35 R43 N;R51/R53

220-329-5 2720-73-2 Potassium O-pentyl

dithiocarbonate 0 - < 11.2 % (w/w)

215-181-3 71769-53-4 Potassium hydroxide < 0.11 % (w/w)

Organic impurities 0-< 5 % (w/w)

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Algol Chemicals Oy


3.3 Other information This substance is considered as mono-constituent because the concentration of the main constituent is always > 80 %

(w/w). The amount of the main impurity (potassium O-pentyl dithiocarbonate) depends on the alcohol used in the manufacturing process. The organic unidentified impurities are a result of decomposition of the substance in contact with water (most likely alcohols).

This product reacts with moisture and water releasing carbon disulphide (CAS no 75–15–0) which has harmonised classification in the Annex VI of CLP 1272/2008 as follows:

Flam. Liq. 2; H225 Skin Irrit. 2; H315 Eye Irrit. 2; H319 Repr. 2; H361fd STOT RE 1; H372

Specific concentration limits (SCL): Repr. 2; H361fd: C ≥ 1% STOT RE 1; H372: C ≥ 1% STOT RE 2; H373: 0.2 % ≤ C < 1%

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

4.1 Description of first aid measures Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Call a poison centre or physician. If breathing is irregular

or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. If conscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Skin contact: Avoid skin contact. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes without delay. Get medical attention immediately. Wash with plenty of soap and water. Call a poison centre or physician. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. In the event of any complaints or symptoms, avoid further exposure. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

Eye contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: If swallowed get medical attention immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Causes serious eye damage and skin corrosion. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Toxic in contact with skin and

harmful if swallowed. 4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. Treat symptomatically.

SECTION 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

5.1 Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media: Use a protein based foam (alcohol resistant), carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

Extinguishing media which must

not be used for safety reasons: Do not use water jet or water spray.

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Hazards from the substance: Flammable or combustible material. Solid xanthate is stable when kept cool

and dry. Exposure to heat and moisture can cause decomposition to flammable vapour of carbon disulphide. Since xanthate decomposes in water solution, even at room temperature, fire and explosion hazards can develop with aging.

Hazardous combustion products: Carbon disulphide, sulphur oxides.

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5.3 Advice for fire-fighters Special precautions for fire-fighters: Evacuate area and fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. Water

spray should be used to cool containers. Do not approach containers until completely cool and atmosphere has been checked.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters:

A self contained breathing apparatus and suitable protective clothing should be worn in fire conditions.

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures For non-emergency personnel: No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable

training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not breathe vapour or mist. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid skin and eye contact.

For emergency responders: If specialised clothing is required to deal with the spillage, take note of any information in Section 8 on suitable and unsuitable materials. Use non-sparking tools.

6.2 Environmental precautions Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil and watercourse. Do not allow to enter drains and

sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has entered a sewer or watercourse. Water polluting material. Harmful to the environment if released in large quantities. Collect spillage.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Prevent entry into sewer and watercourse. Contain and collect spillage. Absorb with an inert dry material and place in

an appropriate waste disposal container. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazard as the spilt product. All wastes containing the substance shall be disposed of as hazardous waste according to local waste management regulations. See also section 13.

6.4 Reference to other sections See also sections 8 and 13.

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 Precautions for safe handling Protective measures: Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Avoid substance contact with

water. Avoid inhalation of vapours. Avoid generation of dust. Follow the principles of good occupational hygiene to control personal exposures. Remove or make safe all sources of ignition. The vapour is heavier than air and spreads along ground. Ground/bond containers and receiving equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Do not use equipment made from brass or other copper alloys. Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment. Keep away from: acids and oxidising agents.

Advice on general occupational hygiene:

Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Keep containers tightly closed. Store in a contained area, dry and in a cool well ventilated place. Protect from

moisture and direct sunlight. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Keep away from copper alloys, acids and

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oxidising agents. Do not expose sealed containers to temperatures exceeding 40 ̊ C. Maximum time of storage: 6 months.

7.3 Specific end use(s) Only for industrial use as a flotation agent. See exposure scenario ES1 in Annex. List of Exposure Scenarios: ES 1: Industrial Use of Xanthate in Mining Industry as Flotation Agent

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

8.1 Control parameters The substance decomposes in contact with water releasing hazardous and volatile carbon disulphide CS2. Occupational exposure limits (OEL): Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA), further notation: skin (SCOEL 2008) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA); further notation: skin (Finland) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 16 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) Sweden Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 16 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) Germany (DFG MAK-Kommission) Carbon disulphide: 10 ppm; 32 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) United Kingdom (HSE) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) European Union (IOELV) Biological Limit values (BLV): Carbon disulphide: 1.5 mg TTCA in urine/g creatinine (SCOEL 2008) DNELs: The critical DNELs for workers:

Inhalation Systemic effects - Long-term: 15 mg/m3. DNEL is derived for the most hazardous decomposition product carbon disulphide released from the substance when in contact with water. The lowest occupational exposure limit (OEL 8-hour TWA) has been chosen as DNEL.

Inhalation Local and Systemic effects – Acute: no DNEL is derived as the long-term DNEL is sufficient to ensure that these effects do not occur.

Dermal Local and Systemic effects – Acute and Long-term: DNELs have not been derived as dermal route is not likely route of human exposure since appropriate RMMs to protect skin contact are worn. High hazard is assigned as the substance is classified for skin corrosive category 1A and skin sensitisation category 1 (see section 8.2 and Annex).

Eyes Local effects: High hazard is assigned as the substance is classified for skin corrosive causing serious eye damage category 1A. The appropriate RMMs to protect eye contact are worn (see section 8.2 and Annex).

PNECs: PNEC fresh water: 3.67 µg/L based on the lowest EC50 value of 3.67 mg/l

(48-h Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 1000. PNEC marine water: 0.367 µg/L based on the lowest EC50 value of 3.67 mg/l

(48-h Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 10000. PNEC intermittent releases: 36.7 µg/l based on the lowest EC50 value of

3.67 mg/l (48-h Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 100. PNEC soil: 1.6 µg/kg soil dw based on partitioning method by using PNEC

water and estimated Koc value of 24.21. PNEC sediment (fresh water): 4.8 µg/kg sediment dw based on partitioning

method by using PNEC fresh water and estimated Koc value of 24.21. PNEC sediment (marine water): 0.48 µg/kg sediment dw based on

partitioning method by using PNEC fresh water and estimated Koc value of 24.21.

8.2 Exposure controls Technical conditions and measures:

Containment: Contain area around mixing tank and use automation as far as possible to ensure that exposure level is at acceptable level.

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Local exhaust ventilation: Provide local exhaust ventilation in mixing step regarding the exposure to carbon disulphide via inhalation route to ensure that the occupational exposure limit is not exceeded. General ventilation: good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) in other process steps is sufficient to keep the exposure via inhalation at acceptable level. Monitoring: Monitor exposure to carbon disulphide around high risk areas such as mixing or cleaning operations.

Individual protection measures: Respiratory protection Wear a suitable mask with filter type A or AX (EN141 or EN405). Use self-

contained breathing apparatus (EN 137) if engineering controls are not fitted or inadequate.

Hand protection Use chemical resistant plastic or rubber gloves (EN374)

Eye/face protection Wear suitable goggles or safety glasses with side shields. Minimum standard

EN166. Skin protection For body protection use apron or other light protective clothing and boots.

Environmental exposure controls: Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping.

Waste water treatment: Processes should be optimized for effective recycling of process water to minimize the runoff water discharge to surface waters. Any discharge of the substance to sewer needs to be avoided. Treat using the best available techniques before discharge into drains or the aquatic environment. Use tailings dams of appropriate size. Monitor the pH and quality of runoff waters and/or tailings water. Air purification: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Waste: Any residues, including spills and contaminants on the floor, are to be collected as hazardous waste in enclosed sinks/basins or appropriate containers and shall be treated as hazardous waste via licensed waste contractors. Prevent any discharge to the environment.

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

9.1 Important Health Safety and Environmental Information Appearance: Green, yellow and orange coloured solid pellets Odour: Offensive odour. Like sulphur or “decaying cabbage” Odour threshold: No data available pH: 11.8 of 25% water solution (SFS 3021) Melting point/freezing point: 260 ˚C (decomposes before melting) Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable decomposes before boiling Flash point: Not applicable as solid. -30 ˚C (decomposition product; carbon disulphide) Evaporation rate: Not known. Emits carbon disulphide Flammability (solid, gas): Flammable solid Explosive properties: Non-explosive. Limits for decomposition product Lower explosion limit: 1.3 % (carbon disulphide) Upper explosion limit: 50 % (carbon disulphide)

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Vapour pressure: Non-volatile solid. 47 kPa at 25 ˚C (carbon disulphide) Vapour density: Not known Relative density: 0.82 at 20 ˚C (bulk-density) Solubility(ies): Water solubility: 350 g/L at 20 °C Fat solubility (solvent - oil

to be specified) soluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Log Kow: -0.76 at 25 °C (KOWWIN v1.68 in EPISuite™ v 4.10. US EPA 2013) Auto-ignition temperature: Not self-igniting. 90 °C (carbon disulphide) Decomposition temperature: 250 - 265 °C Viscosity: Not applicable as solid Explosive properties: Non explosive Oxidising properties: Not oxidizing 9.2 Other information: Adsorption coefficient (Koc): 24.21 (KOCWIN v.2.0 in EPISuite™ v 4.10. US EPA 2012)

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

10.1 Reactivity Flammable solid. Decomposes when in contact with water releasing highly flammable liquids and vapours. 10.2 Chemical stability Stable under normal conditions. Unstable in presence of moisture. 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions None if stored and used according to the instructions. 10.4 Conditions to avoid Avoid moisture during storage. 10.5 Incompatible materials Strong oxidising agents. Acids, copper and its alloys. Avoid contact with water. Attacks some rubber and plastics. 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products In contact with water releases carbon disulphide, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-pentanol. The formation of other

decomposition products is dependent on the pH, such as evolution of hydrogen disulphide (H2S) gas.

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

11.1 Information on toxicological effects Basic toxicokinetics: There is no experimental data available on toxicokinetics and the assessment

has been made qualitatively on the basis of the physical and chemical properties and the available information from the most hazardous degradation product, carbon disulphide.

Absorption: Carbon disulphide readily absorbed via inhalation and dermal routes. Distribution: Widely throughout the body. Metabolism: Carbon disulphide (CS2) is mainly metabolized (70-90 %), 1 % excreted

unchanged and remainder exhaled. The metabolic products of CS2 are sulphur compounds and CO2, which are excreted in urine and exhaled.

Acute toxicity: Oral LD50: 470 mg/kg bw (mouse) Dermal LD50: < 1 000 mg/kg bw (rat, 18 h exposure)

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Inhalation: No valid data are available on acute inhalation toxicity. Not relevant information as the product is marketed and used in pellet form.

Irritation and corrosion: Undiluted solution of the analogue substance, potassium isobutyl xanthate induced skin corrosion in rabbits (OECD 404, 4 hour exposure). Since the substance is corrosive to skin the risk of severe eye damage is considered implicit.

Sensitisation: May cause an allergic skin reaction (LLNA mice, OECD 429). Subacute, subchronic and prolonged

toxicity: The intrinsic properties of the substance are related to the most hazardous degradation product; carbon disulphide. Based on the estimated exposures and the measured exposures in mining processes, the CS2 emissions are low and do don’t trigger xanthate to be classified as having sub-chronic or prolonged toxicity or toxicity to reproduction.

Carbon disulphide as the major degradation product has the harmonized classification for Repr. 2: C ≥ 1 %.

Carcinogenicity: No data available. Genotoxicity: Not mutagenic based on three in vitro studies:

Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay; negative (OECD 471) In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test; negative (OECD 473) In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test; negative (OECD 476).

STOT-single exposure: Substance has not been classified for STOT SE. STOT-repeated exposure: Substance has not been classified for STOT RE. This substance forms carbon

disulphide in contact with heat and moisture. Carbon disulphide has the harmonized classification STOT RE 2: 0.2 % ≤ concentration < 1 % and STOT RE 1: concentration ≥ 1%

Aspiration hazard: Not relevant information as the product is marketed and used in pellet form. Other information: No other adverse effects known.

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

12.1 Toxicity Aquatic toxicity: This substance is classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to

hazard class Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411). Short-term

toxicity: Fish (mortality), Danio rerio, LC50 (96 h): 10 mg/l (analogue substance potassium isobutyl xanthate; OECD 203)

Aquatic invertebrates (immobilisation), Daphnia magna, EC50 (48 h): 3.67 mg/l (OECD 202).

Algae (Growth rate), Desmodesmus subspicatus, EC50 (72 h): 10.51 mg/l (OECD 201).

Long-term Toxicity:

Algae (Growth rate), Desmodesmus subspicatus, NOEC (72 h): 1 mg/l (OECD Guideline 201).

Fish (reproduction);Oncorhynchus mykiss; NOEC (28 –d) 0.79 mg/l (analogue substance potassium amyl xanthate)

Toxicity to other organisms: No inhibitory effects to tailings lagoon microbes (Pseudomonas putida and P.

stutzeri ) up to 20 mg/l (biodegradation studies at 30 ˚C and at pH 9) Aquatic plants (frond number); Lemna minor; Inhibition-% (2 week) 10 mg/l 12.2 Persistence and degradability Biodegradation: Inherently biodegradable. Decomposes in water releasing toxic

decomposition products. Chemical degradation: Hydrolytically unstable. Decomposition rate and the formation of different

decomposition products are dependent on several factors such as temperature, pH and concentration of the solution. Acidic conditions: The main degradation products are alcohols and carbon

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disulphide, and possibly hydrogen disulphide (H2S) - pH 6: half-life = 1.6 d (25 ˚C) - pH 5.5: half-life = 7 – 14 d (15 ˚C) Neutral: The main degradation products are alcohols and carbon disulphide, carbonate and trithiocarbonate ions. -pH 7: half-life = 11 d (25 ˚C) -pH 7.5: half-life = 47 d (17 ˚C) -pH 7.5: half-life = 58 - 67 d (15 ˚C) Alkaline: The main degradation products are alcohols, carbon disulphide, carbonate and trithiocarbonate ions. - pH 9 = 24 d (25 ˚C) Strong alkaline: The main degradation products are alcohols, carbonate and sulphide (S2-) anions. Hydrogen sulphide may be liberated.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential Low potential for bioaccumulation (estimated log Kow = -0.76). The substance is hydrolytically unstable, and

laboratory studies on biodegradation also present the substance to be inherently biodegradable. When the substance comes into contact with water or moisture, hydrolysis will take place, carbon disulphide and alcohols (3-methylbutan-1-ol and pentan-1-ol) being the most critical degradation products. These decomposition products have a low bioaccumulation potential (log Kow values < 4).

12.4 Mobility in soil Based on the estimated Koc (24.21), this substance does not have strong adsorption potential to solid particles. Based

on the water solubility it is expected to be mobile in soil but as hydrolytically unstable decomposes in water. 12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Persistent:

Not persistent or very persistent as the substance is inherently biodegradable. This substance is also hydrolytically unstable with half-life of 47 days under pH 7.5 at 17 deg. C. Based on the knowledge of the degradation reactions and the half-lives at the relevant environmental conditions the most critical degradation products are (1) carbon disulphide and (2) 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-pentanol. Alcohols are readily biodegradable and possess low toxicity to aquatic organisms. Carbon disulphide is biodegradable in the aqueous environment. Due to its volatility it is expected to evaporate to air, where it degrades having half-life of one week.

Bioaccumulation: Not bioaccumulative or very bioaccumulative as log Kow -0.76 is not above the limit of 4.5 (REACH Annex XIII).

Toxic: Not toxic as the chronic and sub-chronic NOEC values (0.1 to 1 mg/l) are not below the limit of 0.01 mg/l (REACH Annex XIII) and this substance is not classified as mutagenic, reproduction toxic or toxic to target organs after repeated exposure.

The criteria set for classification of the substance to PBT or vPvB is not fulfilled.

12.6 Other adverse effects The substance has no potential for stratospheric ozone depletion for structural reasons. No reason for any hazard

classification under CLP or DSD for atmospheric environment (the ozone layer).

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SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

13.1 Waste treatment methods Waste should only be disposed of via a licensed waste contractor. The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) is a

harmonized list of wastes. Waste materials should be classified prior to final disposal with EWC-codes. Wastes and empty containers should be treated based on their classification and properties referring to local and national waste management regulations. Waste management options: Dispose of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration. Tailings should be treated according to the directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC.

Packaging: Methods of disposal: The generation of waste should be avoided or minimised wherever possible. Contaminated packaging should be emptied as far as possible and disposed of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration in accordance with Directive 2000/76/EC. Clean packaging material should be recycled prior to disposal when appropriate according to local waste management regulations.

Special precautions: This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Care should be taken when handling emptied containers that have not been cleaned or rinsed out. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers.

Waste from residues / unused products:

Waste codes in accordance with the list of European Waste Catalogue (EWC) should be assigned by the user prior to final disposal. Dispose of product and product residue in accordance with the instructions of the person responsible for waste disposal. Refer to local and national waste management regulations and dispose of in accordance with the waste classification.

Suitable waste codes: 16 03 05*: off-specification batches and unused products; organic wastes

containing dangerous substances 15 02 02*: absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise

specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances

15 01 10*: packing containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances

01 03 06 tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05 (tailings with low sulphur content)

01 03 04* acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore (tailings with high sulphur content)

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

ADR/RID ADN/ADNR IMDG IATA 14.1 UN number 3342 3342 3342 3342 14.2 UN proper shipping name XANTHATES XANTHATES XANTHATES XANTHATES 14.3 Transport hazard class(es) 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 14.4 Packing group III III III III

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14.5 Environmental hazards Yes. Classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to hazard class aquatic chronic 2

Yes. Classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to hazard class aquatic chronic 2



14.6 Special precautions for users

Not available Not available Not available Not available

Additional information: - Emergency schedules (EmS) F-A, S-J

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code Not available.

SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture EU Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006

(REACH) Annex XIV - List of substances subject to authorization substances of very high concern:

None of the components are listed.

15.2 Chemical safety assessment In accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) Article 14, a Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried

out for this substance.

SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION

16.1 Additions, Deletions, Revisions Version 1.0 This safety data sheet is drawn up to comply with the requirements Annex II of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006

(REACH), as amended by Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 453/2010 of 20 May 2010. 16.2 Key or legend to abbreviations and acronyms BCF Bioconcentration factor CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on

classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

DFG MAK DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation); MAK - Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen (Maximum Allowable Concentrations)

DNEL Derived no-effect level DMEL Derived minimum effect level DSD Council Directive 67/548/EEC (Dangerous Substances Directive) ECETOC TRA Human health exposure model EC50 Concentration of the substance that causes 50 % reduction of a certain effect on test organisms ES Exposure scenario EPISUITE Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite EWC European Waste Catalogue IOELV Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Koc Soil adsorption coefficient Kow Partition coefficient LC50 Concentration of the substance that causes 50 % mortality of the test population LD50 Lethal dose of the substance that causes 50 % mortality of the test population

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LLNA The Mouse Local Lymph Node Assay LOAEC Lowest observed adverse effect concentration NOAEC No observed adverse effect concentration NOAEL No observed adverse effect level NOEC No observed effect concentration OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEL Occupational exposure limit PBT/vPvB Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic/ very persistent and very bioaccumulative PNEC Predicted no-effect concentration REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006

concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Repr. Reproduction toxicity SCL Specific Concentration Limit SCOEL Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits STOT RE Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Repeated Exposure STOT SE Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure TTCA 2-thiotiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid TWA Eight-hour-time-weighted- average 16.3 Key literature references and sources for data REACH Chemical Safety Report: Potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate dated 11.04.2013.

All referenced studies within this safety data sheet can be found from the original Chemical Safety Report. 16.4 Classification procedure The self-classification of the substance is done by using experimental data on the substance and using data from the

analogue substances. 16.5 List of relevant R phrases, hazard statements, safety phrases and/or precautionary statements R11 Highly flammable R22 Harmful if swallowed. R24 Toxic in contact with skin. R35 Causes severe burns. R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact. R51/53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 16.6 Emergency telephone number Europe-wide emergency number: 112 Contact a poison control centre. List of

Telephone Numbers: AUSTRIA (Vienna Wien) +43 1 406 43 43; BELGIUM (Brussels Bruxelles) +32 70 245 245; BULGARIA (Sofia) +359 2 9154 409; CZECH REPUBLIC (Prague Praha) +420 224 919 293; DENMARK (Copenhagen) 82 12 12 12; ESTONIA (Tallinn) 112; FINLAND (Helsinki) +358 9 471 977; FRANCE (Paris) +33 1 40 0548 48; GERMANY (Berlin) +49 30 19240; GREECE (Athens Athinai) +30 10 779 3777; HUNGARY (Budapest) 06 80 20 11 99; ICELAND (Reykjavik) +354 525 111, +354 543 2222; IRELAND (Dublin) +353 1 8379964; ITALY (Rome) +3906 305 4343; LATVIA (Riga) +371 704 2468; LITHUANIA (Vilnius) +370 5 236 20 52 or +370 687 53378; MALTA (Valletta) 2425 0000; NETHERLANDS (Bilthoven) +31 30 274 88 88; NORWAY (Oslo) 22 591300; POLAND (Gdansk) +48 58301 65 16 or +48 58 349 2831; PORTUGAL (Lisbon Lisboa) 808 250 143; ROMANIA (Bucharest) +40 21 3183606; SLOVAKIA (Bratislava) +421 2 54 77 4166; SLOVENIA (Ljubljana) + 386 41 650500; SPAIN (Barcelona) +34 93 227 98 33 or +34 93 227 54 00 bleep 190; SWEDEN (Stockholm) 112 or +46 833 12 31 (mon-fri 9.00-17.00); UNITED KINGDOM (London) 112 or 0845 4647 (NHS Direct).

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Conforms to Annex II of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) ANNEX TO EXTENDED SAFETY DATA SHEET Potassium Isoamyl Xanthate 90%

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Date: 17th May 2013 Version 1.0 Previous date: -

ES 1: Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent 1. Title of Exposure scenario

Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent

Description of process(es) covered in the Exposure Scenario:

Environment: Industrial use in mining industry ERC 4 = Industrial use of processing aids in processes and products, not becoming part of articles

ERC 4

Worker: Industrial use in mining industry (SU 3)

Charging PROC 8b

Mixing PROC 3

Storage of solution PROC 1

Flotation PROC 2

Froth drying - elevated temperature PROC 22

Froth drying - ambient temperature PROC 26

Description of activities covered in the Exposure Scenario:

Potassium isoamyl xanthate is marketed and handled in pellet form in the EU to avoid formation of dust. The substance is used typically as a 20 % water solution in mining industry as a flotation agent. After discharge and dissolution of pellets into an aqueous solution in the mixing phase, the substance is used in flotation process for the recovery of metal sulphides from ore slurries. The following process steps and activities are covered in the worker exposure scenario; 1) charging, 2) mixing, 3) storage of the water solution, 4) flotation, and 5) froth drying. The use application includes maintenance, cleaning and waste management activities. These are not assessed as a separate process step with a specific PROC but are considered to be included in the assessment with applicable PROCs for other process steps (PROC8b). In addition, sampling is considered to be covered with PROC 8b. Therefore the assessment focuses on PROC8b and PROC3.A quantitative assessment was carried out for systemic long term hazards via inhalation focusing on the potential exposure of workers to CS2 emissions arising because of substance decompose in water. Available monitoring data and calculated estimates with ECETOC TRA v.3 model were both used in the assessment. Environmental exposure scenario focuses on tailings pond to where the effluents containing potassium isoamyl xanthate residues after flotation and drying steps are discharged and treated. Measured data on the effluent concentrations in the tailings ponds and measured concentrations of runoff waters were used for calculations of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of the substance in the surface waters (freshwater and marine water). The recommended Tier 1 model (EUSES) was not considered applicable for the exposure assessment of the identified use and the waste water treatment method. Qualitative risk characterization was conducted for the environmental fate and distribution of the decomposition products of potassium isoamyl xanthate formed during the tailings pond treatment.

2. Conditions of use affecting exposure

2.1 Control of environmental exposure: Industrial use in mining industry (ERC 4)

Product characteristics

Physical state of substance at ambient temperature (25 ºC): solid pellets Volatility at ambient temperature (25 ºC):non-volatile solid

Amounts used

Annual use at a site: <=1000 tonnes/year Daily use at a site: Not relevant information for the assessment. The amount of xanthate used in mining process is dependent on the quantity of treated ore, being approximately 10 - 200 g /1 tonne of ore. Percentage of tonnage used at regional scale: regional emission estimation is not applicable. Fate and distribution is conducted qualitatively and covers the regional scale.

Frequency and duration of use

Frequency and duration of use: This information has not been used for the assessment. Processes are batch processes.

Environment factors not influenced by risk management

Process type: Process optimized for highly efficient use of raw materials (very minimal environmental release). Effective recycling of process waters.

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Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure

Discharge rate of tailings pond effluent: (model default value >= 2000 m3/d is not applicable). Discharge to the surrounding surface water is avoided by effective recycling of process waters. Occasional discharge of tailings pond effluents is needed because of seasonal variation in water balance. The discharge rate is dependent on the seasonal variation in the flow rates of receiving surface waters and rainfall. The discharge rate is regulated by controlling the dilution ratio between the effluent discharge flow rate and the surface water flow rate. Information on the discharge rates from industrial downstream users applied in the assessment: Lowest discharge rate (low-water period): ≥ 2592 m3/d (0.03 m3/s) Highest discharge rate (flood period): ≥ 10 368 m3/d (0.12 m3/s)

Receiving surface water flow rate: (model default value >= 18 000 m3/d), not applicable. Based on the environmental permits of the mining companies, the receiving water flow rate should be high enough to enhance proper mixing and dilution of the effluent discharge in receiving surface water. In most of the European countries, the dilution ratio between the flow rates of discharge water compared to the flow rates of receiving surface water is regulated by environmental permits and varies depending on the location of the site. Data on the average flow rates of surface waters from two mine companies applied in the assessment: Receiving water: river Receiving surface water flow rate (minimum flow, low-water period): 432 000 m3/d (5 m3/s) Receiving surface water flow rate (maximum flow, flood period): 1296000 m3/d (15 m3/s) Dilution factors: Calculation A: based on the observed concentrations of the substance in tailings pond: Freshwater: 35 Marine water: 100 Dilution factor in freshwater estimated based on dilution of observed concentrations in tailings pond versus observed concentrations in run-off waters Calculation B:based on observed concentrations in runoff waters: Freshwater: 166 (low-flow) Marine water: 1000 Dilution factor in freshwater are calculated based on discharge and receiving water flow rates (ECHA guidance R16)

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release and technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil

Processes optimized for effective recycling of process water to minimize the runoff water discharge to surface waters. Monitoring of pH in the tailings pond and the pH level of runoff waters. Keeping the retention time in the tailings pond long. Use of additional treatment method such as soil infiltration when applicable before runoff waters are discharged to the surrounding environment. Monitoring of waste water quality and monitoring of the environmental impacts of runoff water discharge to the surrounding surface waters. Acting according to the regulations set by the environmental permits.

Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping. Waste water treatment: Any discharge of the substance to sewer needs to be avoided. Treatment of waste waters using the best available techniques before discharge into drains or the aquatic environment. Use tailings pond of appropriate size. Air purification: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Waste: Any residues, including spills and contaminants on the floor, are to be collected as hazardous waste in enclosed sinks/basins or appropriate containers and shall be treated as hazardous waste via licensed waste contractors. Any discharge to the environment shall be prevented.

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Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

Environmental, health and safety guidelines or written instructions on the standard operating procedure (SOP) are utilized. Environment, health and safety (EHS) responsibilities are defined and assigned in writing. Emergency action plans (Rescue training for accidental emissions) are created. Personnel are trained in environment, health and safety issues, i.e. in safe handling of chemicals and good housekeeping. Good hygiene measures practiced. It is assumed that a comprehensive PPE program is implemented including selection, fit testing, training in use, maintenance and recording, as appropriate. Exposure should be controlled primarily by avoidance of contact with the substance, for instance by limiting duration of activity, minimization of manual phases and by minimization of staff exposed. General good hygiene and housekeeping. Substance is combustible and might evolve highly flammable, hazardous carbon disulphide vapours. Carbon disulphide is very volatile and poses a fire hazard because of its low auto ignition point and high flammability. The xanthate itself is not classified as self-igniting or flammable in contact with water. Conditions which are conducive to carbon disulphide formation and its flammability such as moisture and heat should be avoided by proper handling and storage of the substance. Because of fire hazard any discharge to sewer shall be avoided. In handling and storage the following practices minimize the risks of fire:

- storage of solid xanthate in a cool, dry place - prohibition of all sources of ignition - good personal hygiene practices

Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant

Municipal STP or onsite biological treatment plant: No [Effectiveness Water: 0%]. Waste water is treated in tailings ponds. Any discharge to sewer shall be avoided.

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Suitable waste codes: 15 01 10* Packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances 16 03 05* off-specification batches and unused products; organic wastes containing dangerous substances 15 02 02 * absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances 01 03 06 tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05 (tailings with low sulphur content) 01 03 04* acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore (tailings with high sulphur content) Suitable disposal: Tailings should be treated according to the directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. Other waste containing residues of the substance or its hazardous degradation products should be disposed of as hazardous waste to authorized hazardous waste incineration plants, operated according to Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste and Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration as described in the respective BREF of August 2006. Contaminated packaging: Contaminated packaging should be emptied as far as possible and disposed of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration in accordance with Directive 2000/76/EC. Clean packaging material should be recycled prior to disposal when appropriate according to local waste management regulations.

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

No recovery of the substance should be performed.

2.2 Control of workers exposure for charging (PROC 8b) and mixing (PROC 3)

Product characteristic

Properties of xanthate: Substance in preparation: Yes Concentration of substance in product: 10- 25%, typically 20 % water solution Physical form: solid pellets Dustiness: low (not relevant for assessment). The assessment focuses on the most hazardous degradation product carbon disulphide (CAS no 75-15-0) which is released from the water solutions because of decomposition of the substance. Properties of carbon disulphide: Vapour pressure of the degradation product (carbon disulphide): 47 kPa at 25 ˚C Molecular weight (carbon disulphide): 76.14 g/mol Concentration of substance in product: ≤ 1 % in aqueous solution (maximum CS2 formation in water solution, assumed based on decomposition

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rate of the substance). The loss of carbon disulphide from 10 to 25 % water solutions per day (values obtained from literature) : 0.016 to 0.036 % at 20 ˚C 0.083 to 0.247 % at 40 ˚C

Frequency and duration of use/exposure

Duration of activity: 15 min to 1 hour (Charging PROC 8b) Duration of activity: 1 – 4 hours (Mixing PROC 3)

Other operational conditions affecting workers exposure for charging and mixing (PROC 8b and PROC 3)

Place of use: Indoor Process temperature (for solid): Ambient (default) <= 40 oC (room temperature)

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

Level of containment: Semi-closed process with occasional controlled exposure (PROC 8b) Level of containment: Closed batch process with occasional controlled exposure (PROC 3) Enclosure and automation of mixing process as far as possible and contain area around mixing tank to ensure that exposure level is at acceptable level (PROC8b, PROC3) Monitoring of CS2 emissions from the mixing area and during cleaning and maintenance are recommended when applicable

Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker

Charging step (PROC 8b): Local exhaust ventilation: No [Effectiveness Inhal: 0%] General ventilation: Good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Advanced Mixing step (PROC 3): General ventilation: Good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) Local exhaust ventilation: Yes [Effectiveness Inhal: 90%] Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Advanced

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation for charging (PROC 8b) and mixing (PROC 3)

Since this substance is classified as skin sensitizer (Skin Sens. 1) and as skin corrosive causing serous eye damage (Skin Corr.1A) the possibility of exposure via dermal route and via eye contact is minimized with operational conditions and with the use of personal protective equipment. Short-term and long-term dermal exposure and exposure via eye contact were considered negligible when appropriate PPEs are in use. Safe use of the substance is ensured if the following personal protection equipment are in use: Respiratory Protection: Yes [Effectiveness Inhalation: 90%] Eye/face protection: goggles or safety glasses with side shields – Chemical resistant Hand protection: Protective gloves – Chemical resistant Body protection: Protective clothing –Chemical resistant Body protection: Boots – Chemical resistant Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping

3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source

The recommended model (ECETOC TRA v.3) was used to estimate the exposure of workers via inhalation route. In addition, available measured exposure levels were used to support the calculated exposure estimates. Dermal exposure of workers was assessed qualitatively. Environmental exposure assessment was conducted semi-quantitatively because the recommended model (EUSES 2.1) was not applicable for the assessment. As waste water containing the substance residues is discharged and treated in tailings ponds, the treatment differs significantly from the assumptions of the model, in which the exposure to environment concentrates on the sewage treatment in municipal or industrial biological treatment plants. Therefore, a semi-quantitative assessment for the environment was conducted using all available data on the measured concentrations of the substance in tailings pond and runoff waters taken into account the dilution factors (ECHA guidance R16) in freshwater and marine water. The environmental fate and distribution at local and regional scale (tailings ponds) was assessed qualitatively based on the information on potassium isoamyl xanthate and its degradation products. Information on other xanthates used for similar purposes was also used in the assessment.

Environment

Release route Release factor %/release rate (kg/d) Release estimation method

Water Release factor after on site risk management not relevant Local release rate (kg/day):

Release rate is based on the onsite specific information. Minimum and maximum release rate during low-water period and flood period were used in the semi-quantitative assessment. The release rates were calculated by

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Low-water period = 1.3 – 5.4 kg/d Flood period = 5.4 – 21.8 kg/d

using average observed concentrations of the substance in tailings water (min =0.52 and max=2.1 mg/l) and the discharge flow rates presented in section 2.1 of this Annex. In addition water releases were calculated by using observed concentrations in the discharge waters (min = 0.004 mg/L and max= 0.155 mg/l).

Air Release factor after on site risk management: not relevant Local release rate (kg/day): 0% , negligible

Release rate is based on the onsite specific information and qualitative assessment.

Soil Initial release factor: 0 % No release to soil. No assessment was needed.

Protection target Exposure estimate PNEC Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)

Low flow rate (min and max concentrations in tailings pond)

Minimum surface water and minimum effluent flow rate

Minimum surface water and maximum effluent flow rate



Freshwater (pelagic)

Clocal min = 0.09 µg/l Clocal max = 0.36 µg/l

Clocal min = 0.36 µg/l Clocal max = 1 µg/l

3.67 µg/l RCR = 0.02 RCR = 0.10

RCR = 0.10 RCR = 0.39

Freshwater (pelagic) – based on observed discharge concentrations

Clocal min =0.03 µg/l Clocal max = 0.93 µg/l

- RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.25

-

Flood period (min and max concentrations in tailings pond)

Maximum surface water and minimum effluent flow rate

Maximum surface water and maximum effluent flow rate






3.67 µg/l RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.03

RCR = 0.03 RCR = 0.13






Marine water (pelagic)


Clocal min = 0.13 µg/l

0.367 µg/l RCR = 0.08 RCR = 0.34

RCR = 0.34

Marine water (pelagic) – based on observed discharge concentrations


RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.42








Clocal min = 0.04 µg/l Clocal max = 0.17 µg/

0.367 µg/l RCR= 0.03 RCR = 0.11

RCR = 0.11 RCR = 0.46

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Freshwater (sediment) Marine water (sediment)

not applicable not applicable not applicable There is low potential for adverse effects to sediments as potassium isoamyl xanthate is known to degrade by hydrolysis in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions mainly to alcohols, carbonates and dithiocarbonates. In addition, no partition to sediments is assumed based on the low log Kow (-0.76) and Koc (24.21) of the substance, estimated by using EPISUITE (EPA 2013). As a result the overall exposure to sediments is expected to be insignificant based on the low concentrations entering to surface water, the decomposition of the substance, and the partitioning behaviour of the substance.

Air not applicable not applicable not applicable Air emissions from the process steps (charging and mixing) are expected to be low as the process operates in a contained system. The indirect air emissions from waste water treatment are related to the decomposition products as xanthate is hydrolytically unstable and non-volatile. Carbon disulphide (CS2) is the most critical decomposition product which is expected to volatilize to atmosphere. If released to surface water CS2 is expected to move rapidly to the atmosphere (estimated evaporation half-life from a saturated solution 11 min). If released to atmosphere from tailings pond, the half-life of CS2 through reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 5.5-15 days and through photolysis, the atmospheric half-life is estimated to be about 11 d. Overall, the emissions of CS2 from tailings pond to air are considered insignificant based on the monitoring data from the tailings area and the mining processes.

STP not applicable not applicable not applicable No connection to municipal waste water treatment plant. Waste waters are treated in tailings pond.

Agricultural soil not applicable not applicable not applicable No direct releases to soil. No indirect releases as no spreading of waste water treatment sludge as fertilizer to soil.

Risk characterisation for man via the environment

Exposure assessment and risk characterization is not required. This substance is not a PBT or vPvB substance.

Worker exposure

Long-term, systemic effects

Contributing scenario Inhalation Dermal DNEL Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)

Exposure estimation Method

Charging (PROC 8b) Exposure: estimated: 0.666mg/m3 measured: 7.8 to 9.11 mg/m3

Not applicable. Classified as a skin sensitizer and as corrosive to the skin. PPE are in use and no dermal exposure is expected.

DNEL - inhalation route: 0.012 mg/m³ DNEL –dermal route: not derived

ECETOC estimate RCR 0.044 Measured: 0.52 to 0.61

Inhalation: ECETOC TRA v.3 estimation tool (respiratory PPE assumed) Dermal: qualitative Conditions of use (OC/RMM)

Mixing (PROC 3) Exposure: estimated: 0.0666mg/m3 measured: 7.8 to 9.11 mg/m3


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Combined (PROC 8b and PROC 3) ECETOC estimate RCR = 0.05

via inhalation to CS2 vapours formed during preparation and use of xanthate waters solutions

Acute local and systemic effects

Since no high peak exposure is identified in the processes, exposure assessment and risk characterisation is not required. The hazard level is assigned based on the classification of the substance. The assignment rules are described in section E.3.4.4 of part E of the Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment. Substance is classified as corrosive to the skin (Skin Corr. 1A; R35) and sensitizer to skin (Skin Sens. 1; R43). According to ECHA Guidance Part E this substance is categorized to the high hazard category. For different hazard levels recommendations for general risk management measures, operational conditions and personal protective equipment are given (ECHA Guidance part E; Table E.3-1). In the uses of this substance the relevant recommendations given to high hazard substance are applied.

Long-term local effects via inhalation route

Workers are protected from the exposure with operational conditions and the use of personal protective equipment (see section 2.2 and 2.3).

Long-term local effects via dermal route and eye

Due to the operational conditions and the use of personal protective equipment local effects by dermal exposure and to eye are not expected (see section 2.2 and 2.3).

4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES

This exposure scenario does not address consumers or professional workers. The exposure assessment and risk characterization for inhalation exposure of workers conducted by using Tier 1 ECETOC TRA v.3 model indicates safe use when the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see sections 2.1 and 2.2). Based on the modelling results of industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent (ES1), the respiratory protection is required for safe use to prevent exposure via inhalation. Since this substance is classified as skin sensitizer (Skin Sens. 1) and as skin corrosive (Skin Corr.1A) the possibility of exposure via dermal route is minimized with operational conditions and with the use of personal protective equipment. The dermal exposure of workers is controlled to a safe level if the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see section 2.1 and 2.2 and section 8.2 of SDS). Environmental exposure scenario is conducted by using the observed concentrations of xanthate either in tailings pond waters or in discharge waters. The scenario indicates safe use when the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see section 2.1). Scaling of worker exposure can be done by using ECETOC TRA v.3 model by modifying the concentration (i.e. using observed monitoring data on carbon disulphide emissions if available) and the exposure time of charging or mixing steps. The compliance can also be verified by monitoring of CS2 emissions from the mixing area and during cleaning and maintenance, and by comparing the monitored level with the DNEL value (section 3). Scaling of environmental exposure scenario can be done by comparing the monitoring data on xanthate concentrations in runoff waters with the PNECs (section 3). The use is considered safe if the measured emissions divided by the DNEL or PNEC –values is resulting a risk characterisation ratio (RCR) less than 1.

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IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


Attachment 3 Sodium Ethyl Xanthate SDS

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Algol Chemicals Oy

Page 1 / 19 Sodium ethyl xanthate Version 1.0 Date: 22nd May 2013 Previous date: -

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING

1.1 Product identifier Commercial Product Name: Sodium ethyl xanthate Chemical name: Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate EC number: 205-440-9 CAS number: 140-90-9 REACH registration number: 01-2119962193-37-0001 Trade codes: SEX-90-DR and SEX-90-BX 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Recommended use Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent Most common technical function of

substance: Flotation agent

Uses Advised Against: Only the uses covered by the exposure scenarios are recommended (see Annex).

1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Supplier: Algol Chemicals Oy Street address: Karapellontie 6

PL13 Postcode and post office: 02610 Espoo Country: FINLAND Telephone: +358(0) 9 50991 Telefax: +358(0) 9 595006 Email: [email protected] 1.4 Emergency telephone number Telephone number, name and address: See section 16.6 for the list of telephone numbers of poison centres in the

European Economic Area. Poison Centre, Tukholmankatu 17, PL 790, 00029 HUS (Helsinki), (24h)/+358 (0)9 4711, direct number +358 (0)9 471977

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

This substance is classified as hazardous in accordance with the CLP regulation 1272/2008 and the Directive

67/548/EEC. This substance is harmful if swallowed and toxic in contact with skin. It causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage, and may cause an allergic skin reaction. It is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture 1272/2008 (CLP): Flam. Solid 2 H228 Acute Tox. 4 H302 Acute Tox. 3 H311 Skin Sens. 1 H317 Skin Corr. 1A H314 Aquatic Acute 1 H400 M-Factor: 1 Aquatic Chronic 1 H410 M-Factor: 1 67/548/EEC (DSD): F;R11 Xn;R22 T;R24 C;R35 R43 N;R50/53

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mailto:[email protected]�


Algol Chemicals Oy


2.2 Label elements 1272/2008 (CLP) GHS02 GHS06 GHS05 GHS09

Signal word: Danger Hazard Statements: H228 Flammable solid. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H311 Toxic in contact with skin. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary Statements: P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/... /hot

surfaces.... No smoking. P232 Protect from moisture. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye

protection/face protection. P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all

contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P402 Store in a dry place P501 Dispose of contents/container (as hazardous waste

according to local waste management regulations.) 2.3 Other hazards The criteria for PBT and vPvB are not met and this substance is not hazardous to ozone layer.

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

3.1 Substances Mono-constituent substance EC number: CAS number: Chemical name of the substance: Concentration: Classification: 205-440-9 140-90-9 Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate > 98.5 - 100 % (w/w) EC 1272/2008 (CLP):

Flam. Solid 2; H228 Acute Tox. 4; H302 Acute Tox. 3; H311 Skin Sens. 1; H317 Skin Corr. 1A; H314 Aquatic Acute 1; H400 Aquatic Chronic 1; H410 67/548/EEC (DSD) F;R11 Xn; R22 T; R24 C;R35 R43 N;R50/R53

Unknown impurities 0-< 1.5 % (w/w)

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Algol Chemicals Oy


3.3 Other information This substance is considered as mono-constituent because the concentration of the main constituent is always > 80 %

(w/w). The unidentified impurities are a result of decomposition of the substance in contact with water (most likely alcohol).

This product reacts with moisture and water releasing carbon disulphide (CAS no 75–15–0) which has harmonised classification in the Annex VI of CLP 1272/2008 as follows:

Flam. Liq. 2; H225 Skin Irrit. 2; H315 Eye Irrit. 2; H319 Repr. 2; H361fd STOT RE 1; H372

Specific concentration limits (SCL): Repr. 2; H361fd: C ≥ 1% STOT RE 1; H372: C ≥ 1% STOT RE 2; H373: 0.2 % ≤ C < 1%

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

4.1 Description of first aid measures Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Call a poison centre or physician. If breathing is irregular

or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. If conscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately.

Skin contact: Avoid skin contact. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes without delay. Get medical attention immediately. Wash with plenty of soap and water. Call a poison centre or physician. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. In the event of any complaints or symptoms, avoid further exposure. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

Eye contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 10 minutes. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: If swallowed get medical attention immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Causes serious eye damage and skin corrosion. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Toxic in contact with skin and

harmful if swallowed. 4.3 Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. Treat symptomatically.

SECTION 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

5.1 Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media: Use a protein based foam (alcohol resistant), carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

Extinguishing media which must

not be used for safety reasons: Do not use water jet or water spray.

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Hazards from the substance: Flammable or combustible material. Solid xanthate is stable when kept cool

and dry. Exposure to heat and moisture can cause decomposition to flammable vapour of carbon disulphide. Since xanthate decomposes in water solution, even at room temperature, fire and explosion hazards can develop with aging.

Hazardous combustion products: Carbon disulphide, sulphur oxides.

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Algol Chemicals Oy


5.3 Advice for fire-fighters Special precautions for fire-fighters: Evacuate area and fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion. Water

spray should be used to cool containers. Do not approach containers until completely cool and atmosphere has been checked.

Special protective equipment for fire-fighters:

A self contained breathing apparatus and suitable protective clothing should be worn in fire conditions.

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures For non-emergency personnel: No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable

training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not breathe vapour or mist. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid skin and eye contact.

For emergency responders: If specialised clothing is required to deal with the spillage, take note of any information in Section 8 on suitable and unsuitable materials. Use non-sparking tools.

6.2 Environmental precautions Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil and watercourse. Do not allow to enter drains and

sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has entered a sewer or watercourse. Water polluting material. Harmful to the environment if released in large quantities. Collect spillage.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Prevent entry into sewer and watercourse. Contain and collect spillage. Absorb with an inert dry material and place in

an appropriate waste disposal container. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazard as the spilt product. All wastes containing the substance shall be disposed of as hazardous waste according to local waste management regulations. See also section 13.

6.4 Reference to other sections See also sections 8 and 13.

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

7.1 Precautions for safe handling Protective measures: Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Avoid substance contact with

water. Avoid inhalation of vapours. Avoid generation of dust. Follow the principles of good occupational hygiene to control personal exposures. Remove or make safe all sources of ignition. The vapour is heavier than air and spreads along ground. Ground/bond containers and receiving equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Do not use equipment made from brass or other copper alloys. Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment. Keep away from: acids and oxidising agents.

Advice on general occupational hygiene:

Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Keep containers tightly closed. Store in a contained area, dry and in a cool well ventilated place. Protect from

moisture and direct sunlight. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Keep away from copper alloys, acids and oxidising agents. Do not expose sealed containers to temperatures exceeding 40 ̊ C. Maximum time of storage: 6 months.

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7.3 Specific end use(s) Only for industrial use as a flotation agent. See exposure scenario ES1 in Annex. List of Exposure Scenarios: ES 1: Industrial Use of Xanthate in Mining Industry as Flotation Agent

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

8.1 Control parameters The substance decomposes in contact with water releasing hazardous and volatile carbon disulphide CS2. Occupational exposure limits (OEL): Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA), further notation: skin (SCOEL 2008) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA); further notation: skin (Finland) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 16 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) Sweden Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 16 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) Germany (DFG MAK-Kommission) Carbon disulphide: 10 ppm; 32 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) United Kingdom (HSE) Carbon disulphide: 5 ppm; 15 mg/m3 (8-hour TWA) European Union (IOELV) Biological Limit values (BLV): Carbon disulphide: 1.5 mg TTCA in urine/g creatinine (SCOEL 2008) DNELs: The critical DNELs for workers:

Inhalation Systemic effects - Long-term: 15 mg/m3. DNEL is derived for the most hazardous decomposition product carbon disulphide released from the substance when in contact with water. The lowest occupational exposure limit (OEL 8-hour TWA) has been chosen as DNEL.

Inhalation Local and Systemic effects – Acute: no DNEL is derived as the long-term DNEL is sufficient to ensure that these effects do not occur.

Dermal Local and Systemic effects – Acute and Long-term: DNELs have not been derived as dermal route is not likely route of human exposure since appropriate RMMs to protect skin contact are worn. High hazard is assigned as the substance is classified for skin corrosive category 1A and skin sensitisation category 1 (see section 8.2 and Annex).

Eyes Local effects: High hazard is assigned as the substance is classified for skin corrosive causing serious eye damage category 1A. The appropriate RMMs to protect eye contact are worn (see section 8.2 and Annex).

PNECs: PNEC fresh water: 4.7 µg/L based on the lowest NOEC value of 0.047 mg/l

(21-d Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 10. PNEC marine water: 0.47 µg/L based on the lowest NOEC value of 0.047

mg/l (21-d Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 100. PNEC intermittent releases: 0.0035 µg/l based on the lowest EC50 value of

0.35 mg/l (24-h Daphnia magna). Assessment factor: 100. PNEC soil: 1.6 µg/kg soil dw based on partitioning method by using PNEC

fresh water and estimated Koc value of 4. PNEC sediment (fresh water): 4.1 µg/kg sediment dw based on partitioning

method by using PNEC fresh water and estimated Koc value of 4. PNEC sediment (marine water): 0.41 µg/kg sediment dw based on

partitioning method by using PNEC marine water and estimated Koc value of 4.

8.2 Exposure controls Technical conditions and measures:

Containment: Contain area around mixing tank and use automation as far as possible to ensure that exposure level is at acceptable level. Local exhaust ventilation: Provide local exhaust ventilation in mixing step regarding the exposure to carbon disulphide via inhalation route to ensure

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that the occupational exposure limit is not exceeded. General ventilation: good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) in other process steps is sufficient to keep the exposure via inhalation at acceptable level. Monitoring: Monitor exposure to carbon disulphide around high risk areas such as mixing or cleaning operations.

Individual protection measures: Respiratory protection Wear a suitable mask with filter type A or AX (EN141 or EN405). Use self-

contained breathing apparatus (EN 137) if engineering controls are not fitted or inadequate.

Hand protection Use chemical resistant plastic or rubber gloves (EN374)

Eye/face protection Wear suitable goggles or safety glasses with side shields. Minimum standard

EN166. Skin protection For body protection use apron or other light protective clothing and boots.

Environmental exposure controls: Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping.

Waste water treatment: Processes should be optimized for effective recycling of process water to minimize the runoff water discharge to surface waters. Any discharge of the substance to sewer needs to be avoided. Treat using the best available techniques before discharge into drains or the aquatic environment. Use tailings dams of appropriate size. Monitor the pH and quality of runoff waters and/or tailings water. Air purification: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Waste: Any residues, including spills and contaminants on the floor, are to be collected as hazardous waste in enclosed sinks/basins or appropriate containers and shall be treated as hazardous waste via licensed waste contractors. Prevent any discharge to the environment.

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

9.1 Important Health Safety and Environmental Information Appearance: Yellow coloured solid pellets Odour: Offensive odour. Like rotten-egg Odour threshold: No data available pH: 12.2 of 25% water solution (SFS 3021) Melting point/freezing point: 145.6 ˚C (Decomposition of sodium ethyl xanthate begins at 145.6 ˚C) Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not applicable decomposes before boiling Flash point: Not applicable as solid. -30 ˚C (decomposition product; carbon disulphide) Evaporation rate: Not known. Emits carbon disulphide Flammability (solid, gas): Flammable solid Explosive properties: Non-explosive. Limits for decomposition product Lower explosion limit: 1.3 % (carbon disulphide) Upper explosion limit: 50 % (carbon disulphide) Vapour pressure: Non-volatile solid. 47 kPa at 25 ˚C (carbon disulphide) Vapour density: Not known

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Relative density: 0.82 at 20 ˚C (bulk-density) Solubility(ies): Water solubility: 505 g/L at 20 °C Fat solubility (solvent - oil

to be specified) soluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Log Kow: -2.48 at 20 °C (KOWWIN v1.68 in EPISuite™ v 4.10. US EPA 2013) Auto-ignition temperature: Not self-igniting. 90 °C (carbon disulphide) Decomposition temperature: Decomposition begins at 145.6 °C Viscosity: Not applicable as solid Explosive properties: Non explosive Oxidising properties: Not oxidizing 9.2 Other information: Adsorption coefficient (Koc): 4.00 (KOCWIN v.2.0 in EPISuite™ v 4.10. US EPA 2012)

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

10.1 Reactivity Flammable solid. Decomposes when in contact with water releasing highly flammable liquids and vapours. 10.2 Chemical stability Stable under normal conditions. Unstable in presence of moisture. 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions None if stored and used according to the instructions. 10.4 Conditions to avoid Avoid moisture during storage. 10.5 Incompatible materials Strong oxidising agents. Acids, copper and its alloys. Avoid contact with water. Attacks some rubber and plastics. 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products In contact with water releases carbon disulphide and ethanol. The formation of other decomposition products is

dependent on the pH, such as evolution of hydrogen disulphide (H2S) gas.

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

11.1 Information on toxicological effects Basic toxicokinetics: There is no experimental data available on toxicokinetics and the assessment

has been made qualitatively on the basis of the physical and chemical properties and the available information from the most hazardous degradation product, carbon disulphide.

Absorption: Carbon disulphide readily absorbed via inhalation and dermal routes. Distribution: Widely throughout the body. Metabolism: Carbon disulphide (CS2) is mainly metabolized (70-90 %), 1 % excreted

unchanged and remainder exhaled. The metabolic products of CS2 are sulphur compounds and CO2, which are excreted in urine and exhaled.

Acute toxicity: Oral LD50: 730 mg/kg bw (mouse) Dermal LD50: < 1 000 mg/kg bw (rat, 18 h exposure) Inhalation: No valid data are available on acute inhalation toxicity.

Not relevant information as the product is marketed and used in pellet form.

Irritation and corrosion: The substance is corrosive to skin, since the pH of 25 % water solution is 12.2. Thus, the risk of severe eye damage is considered implicit.

Sensitisation: May cause an allergic skin reaction (LLNA mice, analogue substance (potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate), OECD 429).

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Subacute, subchronic and prolonged toxicity:

The intrinsic properties of the substance are related to the most hazardous degradation product; carbon disulphide. Based on the estimated exposures and the measured exposures in mining processes, the CS2 emissions are low and don’t trigger xanthate to be classified as having sub-chronic or prolonged toxicity or toxicity to reproduction.

Carbon disulphide as the major degradation product has the harmonized classification for Repr. 2: C ≥ 1 %.

Carcinogenicity: No data available. Genotoxicity: Not mutagenic based on three in vitro studies:

Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay; negative (analogue substance potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate, OECD 471) In vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test; negative (analogue substance potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate, OECD 473) In vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test; negative (analogue substance potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate, OECD 476).

STOT-single exposure: Substance has not been classified for STOT SE. STOT-repeated exposure: Substance has not been classified for STOT RE. This substance forms carbon

disulphide in contact with heat and moisture. Carbon disulphide has the harmonized classification STOT RE 2: 0.2 % ≤ concentration < 1 % and STOT RE 1: concentration ≥ 1%

Aspiration hazard: Not relevant information as the product is marketed and used in pellet form. Other information: No other adverse effects known.

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

12.1 Toxicity Aquatic toxicity: This substance is classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to

hazard classes Aquatic Acute 1; H400 and Aquatic Chronic 1; H410. Short-term

toxicity: Fish (mortality), Oncorhynchus mykiss, reported as Salmo gairdneri, LC50 (96 h): 0.12 mg/l.

Aquatic invertebrates (immobilisation), Daphnia magna, EC50 (24 h): 0.35 mg/l (OECD 202).

Algae (Growth rate), Desmodesmus subspicatus, EC50 (72 h): 10.51 mg/l (analogue substance potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate, OECD Guideline 201).

Long-term Toxicity:

Algae (Growth rate), Desmodesmus subspicatus, NOEC (72 h): 1 mg/l (analogue substance potassium isopentyl dithiocarbonate, OECD Guideline 201).

Fish (reproduction); Oncorhynchus mykiss, reported as Salmo gairdneri; NOEC (28-d) < 0.03 mg/l.

Aquatic invertebrates (reproduction), Daphnia magna, NOEC (21 -d): 0.047 mg/l (OECD 211).

Toxicity to other organisms: No inhibitory effects to tailings lagoon microbes (Pseudomonas putida and P. stutzeri ) up to 20 mg/l (biodegradation studies at 30 ˚C and at pH 9)

12.2 Persistence and degradability Biodegradation: Inherently biodegradable. Decomposes in water releasing toxic

decomposition products. Chemical degradation: Hydrolytically unstable. Decomposition rate and the formation of different

decomposition products are dependent on several factors such as temperature, pH and concentration of the solution. Acidic conditions: The main degradation products are alcohol and carbon disulphide, and possibly hydrogen disulphide (H2S) - pH 6: half-life = 1.6 d (25 ˚C) - pH 5.5: half-life = 7 – 14 d (15 ˚C)

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Neutral: The main degradation products are alcohol and carbon disulphide, carbonate and trithiocarbonate ions. -pH 7: half-life = 11 d (25 ˚C) -pH 7.5: half-life = 47 d (17 ˚C) -pH 7.5: half-life = 58 - 67 d (15 ˚C) Alkaline: The main degradation products are alcohol, carbon disulphide, carbonate and trithiocarbonate ions. - pH 9 = 24 d (25 ˚C) Strong alkaline: The main degradation products are alcohol, carbonate and sulphide (S2-) anions. Hydrogen sulphide may be liberated.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential Low potential for bioaccumulation (estimated log Kow = -2.48). The substance is hydrolytically unstable, and

laboratory studies on biodegradation also present the substance to be inherently biodegradable. When the substance comes into contact with water or moisture, hydrolysis will take place, carbon disulphide and ethanol being the most critical degradation products. These decomposition products have a low bioaccumulation potential (log Kow values < 4).

12.4 Mobility in soil Based on the estimated Koc (4.00), this substance does not have strong adsorption potential to solid particles. Based

on the water solubility it is expected to be mobile in soil but as hydrolytically unstable decomposes in water. 12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Persistent:

Not persistent or very persistent as the substance is inherently biodegradable. This substance is also hydrolytically unstable with half-life of 47 days under pH 7.5 at 17 deg. C. Based on the knowledge of the degradation reactions and the half-lives at the relevant environmental conditions the most critical degradation products are (1) carbon disulphide and (2) ethanol. Alcohol is readily biodegradable and possesses low toxicity to aquatic organisms. Carbon disulphide is biodegradable in the aqueous environment. Due to its volatility it is expected to evaporate to air, where it degrades having half-life of one week.

Bioaccumulation: Not bioaccumulative or very bioaccumulative as log Kow -2.48 is not above the limit of 4.5 (REACH Annex XIII).

Toxic: Not toxic as the chronic and sub-chronic NOEC values (0.1 to 1 mg/l) are not below the limit of 0.01 mg/l (REACH Annex XIII) and this substance is not classified as mutagenic, reproduction toxic or toxic to target organs after repeated exposure.

The criteria set for classification of the substance to PBT or vPvB is not fulfilled.

12.6 Other adverse effects The substance has no potential for stratospheric ozone depletion for structural reasons. No reason for any hazard

classification under CLP or DSD for atmospheric environment (the ozone layer).

SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

13.1 Waste treatment methods Waste should only be disposed of via a licensed waste contractor. The European Waste Catalogue (EWC) is a

harmonized list of wastes. Waste materials should be classified prior to final disposal with EWC-codes. Wastes and empty containers should be treated based on their classification and properties referring to local and national waste management regulations. Waste management options: Dispose of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration. Tailings should be treated according to the directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC.

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Packaging: Methods of disposal: The generation of waste should be avoided or minimised wherever possible. Contaminated packaging should be emptied as far as possible and disposed of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration in accordance with Directive 2000/76/EC. Clean packaging material should be recycled prior to disposal when appropriate according to local waste management regulations.

Special precautions: This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Care should be taken when handling emptied containers that have not been cleaned or rinsed out. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers.

Waste from residues / unused products:

Waste codes in accordance with the list of European Waste Catalogue (EWC) should be assigned by the user prior to final disposal. Dispose of product and product residue in accordance with the instructions of the person responsible for waste disposal. Refer to local and national waste management regulations and dispose of in accordance with the waste classification.

Suitable waste codes: 16 03 05*: off-specification batches and unused products; organic wastes

containing dangerous substances 15 02 02*: absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise

specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances

15 01 10*: packing containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances

01 03 06 tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05 (tailings with low sulphur content)

01 03 04* acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore (tailings with high sulphur content)

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

ADR/RID ADN/ADNR IMDG IATA 14.1 UN number 3342 3342 3342 3342 14.2 UN proper shipping name XANTHATES XANTHATES XANTHATES XANTHATES 14.3 Transport hazard class(es) 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 14.4 Packing group III III III III 14.5 Environmental hazards Yes.

Classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to hazard classes aquatic acute 1 and aquatic chronic 1.

Yes. Classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment to hazard classes aquatic acute 1 and aquatic chronic 1.



14.6 Special precautions for users Not available Not available Not available Not available Additional information: - Emergency

schedules (EmS) F-A, S-J

14.7 Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code Not available.

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SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture EU Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006

(REACH) Annex XIV - List of substances subject to authorization substances of very high concern:

None of the components are listed.

15.2 Chemical safety assessment In accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) Article 14, a Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried

out for this substance.

SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION

16.1 Additions, Deletions, Revisions Version 1.0 This safety data sheet is drawn up to comply with the requirements Annex II of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006

(REACH), as amended by Annex I to Commission Regulation (EU) No. 453/2010 of 20 May 2010. 16.2 Key or legend to abbreviations and acronyms CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on

classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

DFG MAK DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation); MAK - Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen (Maximum Allowable Concentrations)

DNEL Derived no-effect level DSD Council Directive 67/548/EEC (Dangerous Substances Directive) ECETOC TRA Human health exposure model EC50 Concentration of the substance that causes 50 % reduction of a certain effect on test organisms ES Exposure scenario EPISUITE Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite EWC European Waste Catalogue IOELV Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Koc Soil adsorption coefficient Kow Partition coefficient LC50 Concentration of the substance that causes 50 % mortality of the test population LD50 Lethal dose of the substance that causes 50 % mortality of the test population LLNA The Mouse Local Lymph Node Assay NOEC No observed effect concentration OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEL Occupational exposure limit PBT/vPvB Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic/ very persistent and very bioaccumulative PNEC Predicted no-effect concentration REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006

concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals Repr. Reproduction toxicity SCL Specific Concentration Limit SCOEL Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits STOT RE Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Repeated Exposure STOT SE Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure TTCA 2-thiotiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid TWA Eight-hour-time-weighted- average

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16.3 Key literature references and sources for data REACH Chemical Safety Report: sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate dated 13.5.2013.

All referenced studies within this safety data sheet can be found from the original Chemical Safety Report. 16.4 Classification procedure The self-classification of the substance is done by using experimental data on the substance and using data from the

analogue substances. 16.5 List of relevant R phrases, hazard statements, safety phrases and/or precautionary statements R11 Highly flammable R22 Harmful if swallowed. R24 Toxic in contact with skin. R35 Causes severe burns. R43 May cause sensitization by skin contact. R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment 16.6 Emergency telephone number Europe-wide emergency number: 112 Contact a poison control centre. List of

Telephone Numbers: AUSTRIA (Vienna Wien) +43 1 406 43 43; BELGIUM (Brussels Bruxelles) +32 70 245 245; BULGARIA (Sofia) +359 2 9154 409; CZECH REPUBLIC (Prague Praha) +420 224 919 293; DENMARK (Copenhagen) 82 12 12 12; ESTONIA (Tallinn) 112; FINLAND (Helsinki) +358 9 471 977; FRANCE (Paris) +33 1 40 0548 48; GERMANY (Berlin) +49 30 19240; GREECE (Athens Athinai) +30 10 779 3777; HUNGARY (Budapest) 06 80 20 11 99; ICELAND (Reykjavik) +354 525 111, +354 543 2222; IRELAND (Dublin) +353 1 8379964; ITALY (Rome) +3906 305 4343; LATVIA (Riga) +371 704 2468; LITHUANIA (Vilnius) +370 5 236 20 52 or +370 687 53378; MALTA (Valletta) 2425 0000; NETHERLANDS (Bilthoven) +31 30 274 88 88; NORWAY (Oslo) 22 591300; POLAND (Gdansk) +48 58301 65 16 or +48 58 349 2831; PORTUGAL (Lisbon Lisboa) 808 250 143; ROMANIA (Bucharest) +40 21 3183606; SLOVAKIA (Bratislava) +421 2 54 77 4166; SLOVENIA (Ljubljana) + 386 41 650500; SPAIN (Barcelona) +34 93 227 98 33 or +34 93 227 54 00 bleep 190; SWEDEN (Stockholm) 112 or +46 833 12 31 (mon-fri 9.00-17.00); UNITED KINGDOM (London) 112 or 0845 4647 (NHS Direct).

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Conforms to Annex II of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH) ANNEX TO EXTENDED SAFETY DATA SHEET Sodium ethyl xanthate


Date: 22nd May 2013 Version 1.0 Previous date: -

ES 1: Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent 1. Title of Exposure scenario

Industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent

Description of process(es) covered in the Exposure Scenario:

Environment: Industrial use in mining industry ERC 4 = Industrial use of processing aids in processes and products, not becoming part of articles

ERC 4

Worker: Industrial use in mining industry (SU 3)

Charging PROC 8b

Mixing PROC 3

Storage of solution PROC 1

Flotation PROC 2

Froth drying - elevated temperature PROC 22

Froth drying - ambient temperature PROC 26

Description of activities covered in the Exposure Scenario:

Sodium ethyl xanthate is marketed and handled in pellet form in the EU to avoid formation of dust. The substance is used typically as a 20 % water solution in mining industry as a flotation agent. After discharge and dissolution of pellets into an aqueous solution in the mixing phase, the substance is used in flotation process for the recovery of metal sulphides from ore slurries. The following process steps and activities are covered in the worker exposure scenario; 1) charging, 2) mixing, 3) storage of the water solution, 4) flotation, and 5) froth drying. The use application includes maintenance, cleaning and waste management activities. These are not assessed as a separate process step with a specific PROC but are considered to be included in the assessment with applicable PROCs for other process steps (PROC8b). In addition, sampling is considered to be covered with PROC 8b. Therefore the assessment focuses on PROC8b and PROC3.A quantitative assessment was carried out for systemic long term hazards via inhalation focusing on the potential exposure of workers to CS2 emissions arising because of substance decompose in water. Available monitoring data and calculated estimates with ECETOC TRA v.3 model were both used in the assessment. Environmental exposure scenario focuses on tailings pond to where the effluents containing sodium ethyl xanthate residues after flotation and drying steps are discharged and treated. Measured data on the effluent concentrations in the tailings ponds and measured concentrations of runoff waters were used for calculations of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of the substance in the surface waters (freshwater and marine water). The recommended Tier 1 model (EUSES) was not considered applicable for the exposure assessment of the identified use and the waste water treatment method. Qualitative risk characterization was conducted for the environmental fate and distribution of the decomposition products of sodium ethyl xanthate formed during the tailings pond treatment.

2. Conditions of use affecting exposure

2.1 Control of environmental exposure: Industrial use in mining industry (ERC 4)


Physical state of substance at ambient temperature (25 ºC): solid pellets Volatility at ambient temperature (25 ºC):non-volatile solid

Amounts used

Annual use at a site: <=1000 tonnes/year Daily use at a site: Not relevant information for the assessment. The amount of xanthate used in mining process is dependent on the quantity of treated ore, being approximately 10 - 200 g /1 tonne of ore. Percentage of tonnage used at regional scale: regional emission estimation is not applicable. Fate and distribution is conducted qualitatively and covers the regional scale.


Frequency and duration of use: This information has not been used for the assessment. Processes are batch processes.


Process type: Process optimized for highly efficient use of raw materials (very minimal environmental release). Effective recycling of process waters.

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Discharge rate of tailings pond effluent: (model default value >= 2000 m3/d is not applicable). Discharge to the surrounding surface water is avoided by effective recycling of process waters. Occasional discharge of tailings pond effluents is needed because of seasonal variation in water balance. The discharge rate is dependent on the seasonal variation in the flow rates of receiving surface waters and rainfall. The discharge rate is regulated by controlling the dilution ratio between the effluent discharge flow rate and the surface water flow rate. Information on the discharge rates from industrial downstream users applied in the assessment: Lowest discharge rate (low-water period): ≥ 2592 m3/d (0.03 m3/s) Highest discharge rate (flood period): ≥ 10 368 m3/d (0.12 m3/s)

Receiving surface water flow rate: (model default value >= 18 000 m3/d), not applicable. Based on the environmental permits of the mining companies, the receiving water flow rate should be high enough to enhance proper mixing and dilution of the effluent discharge in receiving surface water. In most of the European countries, the dilution ratio between the flow rates of discharge water compared to the flow rates of receiving surface water is regulated by environmental permits and varies depending on the location of the site. Data on the average flow rates of surface waters from two mine companies applied in the assessment: Receiving water: river Receiving surface water flow rate (minimum flow, low-water period): 432 000 m3/d (5 m3/s) Receiving surface water flow rate (maximum flow, flood period): 1296000 m3/d (15 m3/s) Dilution factors: Calculation A: based on the observed concentrations of the substance in tailings pond: Freshwater: 35 Marine water: 100 Dilution factor in freshwater estimated based on dilution of observed concentrations in tailings pond versus observed concentrations in run-off waters Calculation B:based on observed concentrations in runoff waters: Freshwater: 166 (low-flow) Marine water: 1000 Dilution factor in freshwater are calculated based on discharge and receiving water flow rates (ECHA guidance R16)

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release and technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil

Processes optimized for effective recycling of process water to minimize the runoff water discharge to surface waters. Monitoring of pH in the tailings pond and the pH level of runoff waters. Keeping the retention time in the tailings pond long. Use of additional treatment method such as soil infiltration when applicable before runoff waters are discharged to the surrounding environment. Monitoring of waste water quality and monitoring of the environmental impacts of runoff water discharge to the surrounding surface waters. Acting according to the regulations set by the environmental permits.

Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping. Waste water treatment: Any discharge of the substance to sewer needs to be avoided. Treatment of waste waters using the best available techniques before discharge into drains or the aquatic environment. Use tailings pond of appropriate size. Air purification: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Waste: Any residues, including spills and contaminants on the floor, are to be collected as hazardous waste in enclosed sinks/basins or appropriate containers and shall be treated as hazardous waste via licensed waste contractors. Any discharge to the environment shall be prevented.

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Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

Environmental, health and safety guidelines or written instructions on the standard operating procedure (SOP) are utilized. Environment, health and safety (EHS) responsibilities are defined and assigned in writing. Emergency action plans (Rescue training for accidental emissions) are created. Personnel are trained in environment, health and safety issues, i.e. in safe handling of chemicals and good housekeeping. Good hygiene measures practiced. It is assumed that a comprehensive PPE program is implemented including selection, fit testing, training in use, maintenance and recording, as appropriate. Exposure should be controlled primarily by avoidance of contact with the substance, for instance by limiting duration of activity, minimization of manual phases and by minimization of staff exposed. General good hygiene and housekeeping. Substance is combustible and might evolve highly flammable, hazardous carbon disulphide vapours. Carbon disulphide is very volatile and poses a fire hazard because of its low auto ignition point and high flammability. The xanthate itself is not classified as self-igniting or flammable in contact with water. Conditions which are conducive to carbon disulphide formation and its flammability such as moisture and heat should be avoided by proper handling and storage of the substance. Because of fire hazard any discharge to sewer shall be avoided. In handling and storage the following practices minimize the risks of fire:

- storage of solid xanthate in a cool, dry place - prohibition of all sources of ignition - good personal hygiene practices

Conditions and measures related to municipal sewage treatment plant

Municipal STP or onsite biological treatment plant: No [Effectiveness Water: 0%]. Waste water is treated in tailings ponds. Any discharge to sewer shall be avoided.


Suitable waste codes: 15 01 10* Packaging containing residues of or contaminated by dangerous substances 16 03 05* off-specification batches and unused products; organic wastes containing dangerous substances 15 02 02 * absorbents, filter materials (including oil filters not otherwise specified), wiping cloths, protective clothing contaminated by dangerous substances 01 03 06 tailings other than those mentioned in 01 03 04 and 01 03 05 (tailings with low sulphur content) 01 03 04* acid-generating tailings from processing of sulphide ore (tailings with high sulphur content) Suitable disposal: Tailings should be treated according to the directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. Other waste containing residues of the substance or its hazardous degradation products should be disposed of as hazardous waste to authorized hazardous waste incineration plants, operated according to Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste and Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration as described in the respective BREF of August 2006. Contaminated packaging: Contaminated packaging should be emptied as far as possible and disposed of as hazardous waste via hazardous waste incineration in accordance with Directive 2000/76/EC. Clean packaging material should be recycled prior to disposal when appropriate according to local waste management regulations.


No recovery of the substance should be performed.

2.2 Control of workers exposure for charging (PROC 8b) and mixing (PROC 3)

Product characteristic

Properties of xanthate: Substance in preparation: Yes Concentration of substance in product: 10- 25%, typically 20 % water solution Physical form: solid pellets Dustiness: low (not relevant for assessment). The assessment focuses on the most hazardous degradation product carbon disulphide (CAS no 75-15-0) which is released from the water solutions because of decomposition of the substance. Properties of carbon disulphide: Vapour pressure of the degradation product (carbon disulphide): 47 kPa at 25 ˚C Molecular weight (carbon disulphide): 76.14 g/mol Concentration of substance in product: ≤ 1 % in aqueous solution (maximum CS2 formation in water solution, assumed based on decomposition

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rate of the substance). The loss of carbon disulphide from 10 to 25 % water solutions per day (values obtained from literature) : 0.016 to 0.036 % at 20 ˚C 0.083 to 0.247 % at 40 ˚C

Frequency and duration of use/exposure

Duration of activity: 15 min to 1 hour (Charging PROC 8b) Duration of activity: 1 – 4 hours (Mixing PROC 3)

Other operational conditions affecting workers exposure for charging and mixing (PROC 8b and PROC 3)

Place of use: Indoor Process temperature (for solid): Ambient (default) <= 40 oC (room temperature)

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

Level of containment: Semi-closed process with occasional controlled exposure (PROC 8b) Level of containment: Closed batch process with occasional controlled exposure (PROC 3) Enclosure and automation of mixing process as far as possible and contain area around mixing tank to ensure that exposure level is at acceptable level (PROC8b, PROC3) Monitoring of CS2 emissions from the mixing area and during cleaning and maintenance are recommended when applicable


Charging step (PROC 8b): Local exhaust ventilation: No [Effectiveness Inhal: 0%] General ventilation: Good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Advanced Mixing step (PROC 3): General ventilation: Good general ventilation (3 – 5 air changes per hour) Local exhaust ventilation: Yes [Effectiveness Inhal: 90%] Occupational Health and Safety Management System: Advanced

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation for charging (PROC 8b) and mixing (PROC 3)

Since this substance is classified as skin sensitizer (Skin Sens. 1) and as skin corrosive causing serous eye damage (Skin Corr.1A) the possibility of exposure via dermal route and via eye contact is minimized with operational conditions and with the use of personal protective equipment. Short-term and long-term dermal exposure and exposure via eye contact were considered negligible when appropriate PPEs are in use. Safe use of the substance is ensured if the following personal protection equipment are in use: Respiratory Protection: Yes [Effectiveness Inhalation: 90%] Eye/face protection: goggles or safety glasses with side shields – Chemical resistant Hand protection: Protective gloves – Chemical resistant Body protection: Protective clothing –Chemical resistant Body protection: Boots – Chemical resistant Housekeeping: General good hygiene and housekeeping


The recommended model (ECETOC TRA v.3) was used to estimate the exposure of workers via inhalation route. In addition, available measured exposure levels were used to support the calculated exposure estimates. Dermal exposure of workers was assessed qualitatively. Environmental exposure assessment was conducted semi-quantitatively because the recommended model (EUSES 2.1) was not applicable for the assessment. As waste water containing the substance residues is discharged and treated in tailings ponds, the treatment differs significantly from the assumptions of the model, in which the exposure to environment concentrates on the sewage treatment in municipal or industrial biological treatment plants. Therefore, a semi-quantitative assessment for the environment was conducted using all available data on the measured concentrations of the substance in tailings pond and runoff waters taken into account the dilution factors (ECHA guidance R16) in freshwater and marine water. The environmental fate and distribution at local and regional scale (tailings ponds) was assessed qualitatively based on the information on sodium ethyl xanthate and its degradation products. Information on other xanthates used for similar purposes was also used in the assessment.

Environment

Release route Release factor %/release rate (kg/d) Release estimation method

Water Release factor after on site risk management not relevant Local release rate (kg/day):

Release rate is based on the onsite specific information. Minimum and maximum release rate during low-water period and flood period were used in the semi-quantitative assessment. The release rates were calculated by

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Low-water period = 1.3 – 5.4 kg/d Flood period = 5.4 – 21.8 kg/d

using average observed concentrations of the substance in tailings water (min =0.52 and max=2.1 mg/l) and the discharge flow rates presented in section 2.1 of this Annex. In addition water releases were calculated by using observed concentrations in the discharge waters (min = 0.004 mg/L and max= 0.155 mg/l).

Air Release factor after on site risk management: not relevant Local release rate (kg/day): 0% , negligible

Release rate is based on the onsite specific information and qualitative assessment.

Soil Initial release factor: 0 % No release to soil. No assessment was needed.

Protection target Exposure estimate PNEC Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)









4.7 µg/l RCR = 0.02 RCR = 0.08

RCR = 0.08 RCR = 0.31

Freshwater (pelagic) – based on observed discharge concentrations


- RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.20

-









4.7 µg/l RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.03

RCR = 0.03 RCR = 0.10








Clocal min = 0.13 µg/l

0.47 µg/l RCR = 0.06 RCR = 0.27

RCR = 0.27

Marine water (pelagic) – based on observed discharge concentrations


RCR = 0.01 RCR = 0.33








Clocal min = 0.04 µg/l Clocal max = 0.17 µg/

0.47 µg/l RCR= 0.02 RCR = 0.09

RCR = 0.09 RCR = 0.36

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Freshwater (sediment) Marine water (sediment)

not applicable not applicable not applicable There is low potential for adverse effects to sediments as sodium ethyl xanthate is known to degrade by hydrolysis in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions mainly to ethanol, carbonates and dithiocarbonates. In addition, no partition to sediments is assumed based on the low log Kow (-2.48) and Koc (4.00) of the substance, estimated by using EPISUITE (EPA 2013). As a result the overall exposure to sediments is expected to be insignificant based on the low concentrations entering to surface water, the decomposition of the substance, and the partitioning behaviour of the substance.

Air not applicable not applicable not applicable Air emissions from the process steps (charging and mixing) are expected to be low as the process operates in a contained system. The indirect air emissions from waste water treatment are related to the decomposition products as xanthate is hydrolytically unstable and non-volatile. Carbon disulphide (CS2) is the most critical decomposition product which is expected to volatilize to atmosphere. If released to surface water CS2 is expected to move rapidly to the atmosphere (estimated evaporation half-life from a saturated solution 11 min). If released to atmosphere from tailings pond, the half-life of CS2 through reaction with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 5.5-15 days and through photolysis, the atmospheric half-life is estimated to be about 11 d. Overall, the emissions of CS2 from tailings pond to air are considered insignificant based on the monitoring data from the tailings area and the mining processes.

STP not applicable not applicable not applicable No connection to municipal waste water treatment plant. Waste waters are treated in tailings pond.

Agricultural soil not applicable not applicable not applicable No direct releases to soil. No indirect releases as no spreading of waste water treatment sludge as fertilizer to soil.

Risk characterisation for man via the environment

Exposure assessment and risk characterization is not required. This substance is not a PBT or vPvB substance.

Worker exposure

Long-term, systemic effects

Contributing scenario Inhalation Dermal DNEL Risk characterisation ratio (RCR)

Exposure estimation Method

Charging (PROC 8b) Exposure: estimated: 0.666mg/m3 measured: 7.8 to 9.11 mg/m3

Not applicable. Classified as a skin sensitizer and as corrosive to the skin. PPE are in use and no dermal exposure is expected.

DNEL - inhalation route: 0.012 mg/m³ DNEL –dermal route: not derived


Inhalation: ECETOC TRA v.3 estimation tool (respiratory PPE assumed) Dermal: qualitative Conditions of use (OC/RMM)

Mixing (PROC 3) Exposure: estimated: 0.0666mg/m3 measured: 7.8 to 9.11 mg/m3


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Combined (PROC 8b and PROC 3) ECETOC estimate RCR = 0.05

via inhalation to CS2 vapours formed during preparation and use of xanthate waters solutions

Acute local and systemic effects

Since no high peak exposure is identified in the processes, exposure assessment and risk characterisation is not required. The hazard level is assigned based on the classification of the substance. The assignment rules are described in section E.3.4.4 of part E of the Guidance on Information Requirement and Chemical Safety Assessment. Substance is classified as corrosive to the skin (Skin Corr. 1A; R35) and sensitizer to skin (Skin Sens. 1; R43). According to ECHA Guidance Part E this substance is categorized to the high hazard category. For different hazard levels recommendations for general risk management measures, operational conditions and personal protective equipment are given (ECHA Guidance part E; Table E.3-1). In the uses of this substance the relevant recommendations given to high hazard substance are applied.

Long-term local effects via inhalation route

Workers are protected from the exposure with operational conditions and the use of personal protective equipment (see section 2.2 and 2.3).

Long-term local effects via dermal route and eye

Due to the operational conditions and the use of personal protective equipment local effects by dermal exposure and to eye are not expected (see section 2.2 and 2.3).

4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES

This exposure scenario does not address consumers or professional workers. The exposure assessment and risk characterization for inhalation exposure of workers conducted by using Tier 1 ECETOC TRA v.3 model indicates safe use when the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see sections 2.1 and 2.2). Based on the modelling results of industrial use of xanthate in mining industry as flotation agent (ES1), the respiratory protection is required for safe use to prevent exposure via inhalation. Since this substance is classified as skin sensitizer (Skin Sens. 1) and as skin corrosive (Skin Corr.1A) the possibility of exposure via dermal route is minimized with operational conditions and with the use of personal protective equipment. The dermal exposure of workers is controlled to a safe level if the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see section 2.1 and 2.2 and section 8.2 of SDS). Environmental exposure scenario is conducted by using the observed concentrations of xanthate either in tailings pond waters or in discharge waters. The scenario indicates safe use when the recommended operational conditions and risk management measures are in use (see section 2.1). Scaling of worker exposure can be done by using ECETOC TRA v.3 model by modifying the concentration (i.e. using observed monitoring data on carbon disulphide emissions if available) and the exposure time of charging or mixing steps. The compliance can also be verified by monitoring of CS2 emissions from the mixing area and during cleaning and maintenance, and by comparing the monitored level with the DNEL value (section 3). Scaling of environmental exposure scenario can be done by comparing the monitoring data on xanthate concentrations in runoff waters with the PNECs (section 3). The use is considered safe if the measured emissions divided by the DNEL or PNEC –values result a risk characterisation ratio (RCR) less than 1.

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IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


Attachment 4 Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthe

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Boric Chemicals Ltd

SAFETY DATA SHEET

Revision: 1 Sodium Iso-Propyl Xanthate Date:26 October 2010

Page: 1/11

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / PREPARATION AND OF THE

COMPANY/UNDERTAKING

Product Names:

Synonyms.

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

SIPX

Proxan-sodium

Sodium O-isopropyldithiocarbonate

Address/Phone No.

Telephone:

Fax

Email

Boric Chemicals Ltd

152-172 Tai Po Commercial Centre

Tai Po

New Territories

Hong Kong

+852 2650 9808

+852 2651 4209

[email protected]

Emergency Phone No.

+852 2650 9808

Use of Substance /

Preparation:

Mineral flotation collection agent,

Rubber vulcanization accelerator

2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Hazards summary

Adverse human health effects Irritating to skin.

Environmental effects Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse

effects in the aquatic environment.

Further hazards Reacts with heat and moisture to form toxic and extremely

flammable carbon disulphide gas.

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC

Xn Harmful N Dangerous for the environment.

Xi Irritant.

Risk Phrases R22: Harmful if swallowed.

R38: Irritating to skin.

R51/53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term

adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Classification according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP)

Oral: Acute Tox. 4 Aquatic Chronic 2

Skin Irrit. 2

Signal word(s) Warning

Hazard statement(s) H302: Harmful if swallowed.

H315: Causes skin irritation.

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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Health effects

Acute :

Inhalation Product forms carbon disulphide in contact with heat and moisture. Exposure can

harm Central Nervous System. Effects and Symptoms : Headache, dizziness,

excitement,depression. Higher levels cause mood and personality disorders.

Continued exposure to high concentrations may be fatal.

Ingestion Moderately toxic. Unlikely route of exposure. Ingestion will cause irritation of the

gastrointestinal tract. Product forms carbon disulphide in body.

Effects and Symptoms : Tremors, exhaustion, Increased difficulty in breathing.

Skin Contact Irritant effect on skin. Repeated and/or prolonged contact may cause dermatitis.

Eye Contact Moderate irritant to the eye. Redness, Swelling, Tears

Chronic No known long term hazards are associated with the use of this material.

3. COMPOSITION/ INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

HAZARDOUS

INGREDIENT(S)

%W/W CAS No. EC No. Index No Risk / Hazard

Phrases

Sodium Iso-

Propyl Xanthate

Carbon

disulphide

(decomposition

product)

85 %

May be

present

140-93-2

75-15-0

205-443-5

200-843-6

006-024-00-8

006-003-00-3

R22-R38-

R51/53

H302-H315-

H411

R11-R62-R63

R48/23

R36/38

H225, H361f-d

H372, H319,

H315

For full text of R phrases see section 16.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Inhalation Obtain medical attention. Remove patient from exposure. Give

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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oxygen if breathing difficult. Apply artificial respiration if

necessary (do not employ mouth-to-mouth method). Use self-

contained respiratory apparatus for rescue.

Skin Contact Obtain medical attention. Remove contaminated clothing

immediately and wash affected skin with soap and water.

Continue to wash the affected area for at least 15 minutes.

Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact Obtain medical attention. If substance has got into the eyes,

immediately wash out with plenty of water for at least 15

minutes. Hold eyelids apart.

Ingestion Obtain medical attention. If swallowed, rinse mouth with water

(only if the person is conscious). Make victim drink plenty of

water. Do not induce vomiting.

5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES

Flammability

Extinguishing Media

Flammable or combustible material. Product decomposes with

heat and age to produce toxic and highly flammable carbon

disulphide.

Extinguish preferably with protein based foam (alcohol

resistant), carbon dioxide or dry chemical.

Unsuitable Extinguishing

Media

Do not use water jet or waterspray.

Fire Fighting Protective

Equipment

Fire Fighting Method

Hazardous Decomposition

Products

A self contained breathing apparatus and suitable protective

clothing should be worn in fire conditions.

Evacuate area and fight fire remotely due to the risk of

explosion. Water spray should be used to cool containers. Do

not approach containers until completely cool and atmosphere

has been checked.

Carbon disulphide, Sulphur oxides

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal Precautions Put on protective clothing. (SECTION 8)

Environmental Exposure

Controls

Sweep up spilled substance but avoid making dust.Use non-

sparking tools.Transfer to a closed container for recycling or

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disposal. To be disposed of as hazardous waste. Consult an

accredited waste disposal contractor or the local authority for

advice. (SECTION 13)

Other Do not allow to enter drains, sewers or watercourses. If

substance has entered a watercourse or sewer, IMMEDIATELY

advise police and water authority.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Avoid inhalation of

vapours. Avoid generation of dust. Follow the principles of good

occupational hygiene to control personal exposures.

Remove or make safe all sources of ignition. The vapour is

heavier than air and spreads along ground . Ground/bond

containers and receiving equipment. Use only non-sparking

tools. Do not use equipment made from brass or other copper

alloys. Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting

equipment. Keep away from: acids and oxidising agents.

STORAGE Keep container tightly closed, dry and in a cool well-ventilated

place. Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Keep

away from copper alloys, acids and oxidising agents.

Storage Temperature: Do not expose sealed containers to temperatures exceeding 40

degC.

Storage Life: Stable at ambient temperatures.

Specific use: Mineral flotation agent. Industrial use only.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

WEL: Workplace Exposure Limit (UK HSE EH40)

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate LTEL (8 hr TWA mg/m³) 5 mg/m3 (Respirable Dust)

Carbon Disulphide LTEL (8 hr TWA ppm) 10 ppm

DNEL Human

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate Worker 0.017mg/kg/day

Carbon Disulphide Worker 0.5 ppm

Carbon Disulphide Public 0.25 ppm

PNEC

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate 0.004 ppm (4 µg/litre)

Respirators

Wear a suitable mask with filter type A or AX (EN141 or

EN405). Use self-contained breathing apparatus (EN 137) if

engineering controls are not fitted or inadequate.

Eye Protection Safety spectacles or goggles. Minimum standard EN166.

Gloves Plastic or rubber gloves.(EN374)

Other Apron or other light protective clothing and boots. Provide

adequate general and local exhaust ventilation to ensure that

the occupational exposure limits are not exceeded.

Treat using the best available techniques before discharge into

drains or the aquatic environment. Use tailings dams of

appropriate size.

Monitor personal exposures to carbon disulphide vapour

around high risk areas such as mixing or cleaning operations.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Form Pellets

Colour Yellow

Odour Offensive odour. Like sulphur or “decaying cabbage”

pH (Value) Solution is alkaline

Melting Point (°C) 125 degC (1)

Flash Point (°C) -30 degC (Carbon disulphide) (1)

Flammable Limits (%v/v)

Auto Ignition Temperature (°C)

Lower = 1.3% Upper = 50% (Carbon disulphide) (1)

90 degC (Carbon disulphide) (1)

Explosive Properties Not explosive.

Oxidising Properties Not oxidising.

Vapour Pressure (20 degC) 297 mm Hg (Carbon disulphide) (2)

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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Density (g/ml) 0.7 (1)

Solubility (Water) Soluble (310 g/l at 20 degC) (1)

Partition Coefficient Not applicable.Dissociates in water.

Vapour Density (Air=1) 2.6 (Carbon disulphide)

Relative Evaporation Rate

(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Not applicable.

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Chemical Stability Stable under normal conditions.Unstable in presence of

moisture.

Hazardous Decomposition

Product(s)

Carbon disulphide, propanol

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidising agents. Acids, Copper and its alloys. Attacks

some rubber and plastics

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Acute Toxicity LD50 : 800 mg/kg ( Oral – rat ) (1)

LD50 > 1000 mg/kg (Dermal – rat) (1)

LC50 = 2800 ppm (Carbon disulphide – Mouse) (3)

Skin Contact

Eyes.

Respiratory system.

Sensitization

Irritating to skin.

Dust has irritant effect on eyes.

Product is unlikely to be hazardous by inhalation unless present

as a dust. Carbon disulphide decomposition product is toxic by

inhalation.

Not available. Carbon disulphide decomposition product may

cause sensitization (4)

Ingestion Unlikely route of exposure.

Repeated dose toxicity

(30 Days.)

Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity

Reproductive toxicity

Inhalation study : Potassium amyl xanthate at 250 mg/m3 had

adverse effects on liver in mice, rats, dogs; also CNS in mice

and kidney in rats. No adverse effects at 23 mg/m3 (5)

IARC (6), NTP (7), OSHA(2), ACGIH (8) do not list this product

as a known or suspected carcinogen.

Negative (calculated) (9)

No evidence of reproductive toxicity. Carbon disulphide is Repr.

Category 3 (DSD) or Category 2 (CLP).

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Acute Toxicity

(Fish) (96 hrs)

(Daphnia magna)(48 hrs)

Algae (72 hrs)

Bio-accumulation ?

Biodegradability.

Effect on Effluent Treatment

LC50 = 10 ppm Rainbow Trout (10)

LC50 = 0.3 – 5.6 ppm Fathead Minnow (11)

LC50 = 0.1 – 1 ppm (11)

EC50 = 175 mg/l (Selanastrum) (calculated) (9)

No potential for bioaccumulation. (calculated) (9)

Inherent Biodegradation: (calculated) (9)

Discharges will injure sewage treatment organisms.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Regulatory information Re-use/recycling of waste highly recommended. This material

must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Incinerate under

approved controlled conditions, using incinerators suitable for

the disposal of noxious chemical waste. Consult an accredited

waste disposal contractor or the local authority for advice

regarding final disposal.

Containers must not be punctured or destroyed by burning,

even when empty. Decontaminate empty drums by rinsing with

water before recycling. Dispose of water as waste product or in

process if possible. Vent empty container away from sources of

heat and ignition.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

Road/Rail (ADR/RID)

UN number UN3342 Proper Shipping Name : Xanthate

Classification code: 4.2 Spontaneously combustible

Packing Group : II

Sea Transport (IMDG)



Packing Group : II

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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Air Transport (IATA/ICAO)



Packing Group : II

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

EC1272/2008 Annex 6

Classification

Hazard Symbols

Not listed

(Directive 67/548/EEC )

Xn Xi N

Risk Phrases

Classification

Signal word(s)

Warning Phrases

Safety Phrases

R22-R38-R51/53

(Regulation EC1272/2008).

Acute Tox. 4

Skin Irrit. 2

Aquatic Chronic 2

Warning

H302: Harmful if swallowed.

H315: Causes skin irritation.

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

S2: Keep out of the reach of children.

S13: Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs.

S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/Safety

Data Sheets.

INTERNATIONAL INVENTORIES

EINECS (Europe) EINECS: Listed.

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SAFETY DATA SHEET


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16. OTHER INFORMATION

This Safety Data Sheet was prepared in accordance with Directive 2001/58/EC and EC

Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 as amended by Regulation 453/2010..

Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is believed to be

accurate and is given in good faith, but it is for the Users to satisfy themselves of the suitability of

the product for their own particular purpose. Boric Chemicals Ltd gives no warranty as to the

fitness of the product for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory

or otherwise) is excluded except to the extent that exclusion is prevented by law. Boric Chemicals

Ltd accepts no liability for loss or damage (other than that arising from death or personal injury

caused by defective product, if proved), resulting from reliance on this information. Freedom

under Patents, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed.

Risk Phrases

(Product) R22: Harmful if swallowed.

R38: Irritating to skin.

R51/53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term

adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Risk Phrases R11: Highly flammable.

(Carbon disulphide) R36/38: Irritating to eyes and skin.

R48/23: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged

exposure through inhalation.

R62: Possible risk of impaired fertility.

R63: Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1 Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Cheminfo 300, 2004

2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration – US Department of Labor

3 Chemical Summary for Carbon Disulphide (US Environmental Protection Agency)

4 Sodium Ethyl Xanthate Priority Existing Chemical No.5 (NICNAS report) Australian Govt.

5 Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, Cheminfo 202, 1994

6 International Agency for Research on Cancer

7 National Toxicology Program (US Department of Health)

8 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

9 Danish (Q)SAR Database (National Food Institute, Denmark)

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10 Mayer & Ellersieck, “Manual of Acute Toxicity Interpretation & Database”

(US Fish and Wildlife Services Resource, Publication 160)

11 Hawley, 1977 “The Use, Characteristics & Toxicity of Mine-Mill Reagents” (Ontario

Ministry of Environment, Canada)

Prepared by:

Paul Forsythe

Alemare Solutions Ltd, 5 London End, Irchester, Wellingborough, Northants, NN29 7BH

Tel: +44 (0)1933 356422 Email: [email protected]

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mailto:[email protected]


IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


Attachment 5 Zinc Sulphate SDS

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Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Monohydrate Boric Chemicals

Updated 14th

February 2014

BORIC CHEMICALS LTD

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

Boric Chemicals

152 – 172 Kwong Fuk Road

Tai Po, New Territories

Hong Kong

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS (FOR EMERGENCIES INVOLVING

CHEMICALS SPILLS OR RELEASE) Hong Kong: (+852) 2650 9808

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: Zinc Sulphate Anhydrous, Monohydrate, Solid.

Chemical Name: Sulphuric Acid, Zinc Salt.

Synonyms: Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate; Zinc Vitriol; White Copperas; Zinc Sulphate 98%

Monohydrate; Zinc Sulphate (Anhydrous); Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate; Zinc Sulphate.

Chemical Family: Inorganic salt.

Molecular Formula: ZnS04 (Anhydrous); ZnSO4 * H2O (Monohydrate).

Product Use: Electroplating. Pulp and paper industry. Feed supplement. Wood preservative.

Chemical intermediate.

2.COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS (Not Intended As

Specifications)

Formula: ZnSo4. H2O

Molecular weight: 179.47 g/mol

Appearance & Odour: Solid granular powder (fine), white in colour.

CAS-No 7446-19-7

EC-No 231-793-3

Classification Aquatic Acute 1; Aquatic Chronic 1; H302, H318, H410

3.HAZARDS INDENTIFICATION

Classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2088 (GHS-CLP)

Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1)

Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1)

According to European Directive 67/548/EEC as amended.

Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Risk of serious damage to eyes. Harmful if swallowed.

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GHS pictrogram:

Signal word: Danger

Hazard Statements:

H302 Harmful if swallowed

H318 Causes serious eye damage.

H410 Very toxic to acquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary Statements:

P273 Avoid release to the enviroment.

P305 +P351 +P338 If in eyes: Rinse cautionsly with water for several

minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to

do. Continue rinsing.

P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with

local/regional/national/international regulation.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES

FIRST AID PROCEDURES

Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air. Give artificial respiration ONLY if

breathing has stopped. Give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

if there is no breathing AND no pulse. Obtain medical attention

IMMEDIATELY.

Skin Contact: Flush skin with running water and wash affected areas thoroughly

with soap and water. Start flushing while removing contaminated

clothing. If irritation, redness or a burning sensation develops and

persists, obtain medical advice.

Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with running water for a minimum of

20minutes. Hold eyelids open during flushing. If irritation

persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention

IMMEDIATELY. See “Note to Physicians” below.

Ingestion: Do not attempt to give anything by mouth to an unconscious

person. If victim is alert and not convulsing, rinse mouth out and

give ½ to 1 glass of water to dilute material. IMMEDIATELY

contact local Poison Control Centre. Vomiting should only be

induced under the direction of a physician or a poison control

centre. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, have victim lean forward

with head down to avoid breathing in of vomitus, rinse mouth and

administer more water. IMMEDIATELY transport victim t an

emergency facility.

Note to Physicians: Treat symptomatically.

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For treatment of exposure to the eye, a neutral solution of 0.05

molar sodium edentate may prevent optical opacities. For

ingestion exposure, recommended antidote is 50 to 75 mg/Kg

calcium edentate. (3)

Medical conditions that may be aggravated by exposure to this

product include neurological and cardiovascular disorders, diseases

of the skin, eyes or respiratory tract, pre-existing liver and kidney

disorders.

5. FIRE-FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Flashpoint (C) Autolgnition Flammability Limits in Air (%):

Temperature (C) LEL UEL

Non-combustible (does not Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable

burn)

Flammability Class (WHMIS) Not regulated.

Hazardous Combustion

Products: Thermal decomposition products are toxic and may include oxides of

sulphur, zinc and irritating gases. .

Unusual Fire or Explosion

Hazards: Minimize air borne spreading of dust. Spilled material may cause

floors and contact surfaces to become slippery. Enforce NO

SMOKING rules in area of use . Monohydrate: Sealed containers

may rupture from the pressure of water vapours released from

crystals by intense heat.

Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: Not expected to be sensitive to mechanical impact.

Rate of Burning: Not available.

Explosive Power: Not available.

Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Not expected to be sensitive to static discharge.

Fire Extinguishing Media: Do not use water. Use media appropriate for surrounding fire and/or

materials.

FIRE FIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS

Instructions to the Fire Fighters: Isolate materials that are not involved in the fire and protect

personnel. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until

well after the fire is out. Spilled material may cause floors and

contact surfaces to become slippery

Fire Fighting Protective

Equipment: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Information in this section is for responding to spills, leaks or releases in order to prevent or minimize the

adverse effects on persons, property and the environment. There may be specific reporting requirements

associated with spills, leaks or releases, which change from region to region.

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Containment and Clean-Up

Procedures:

Eliminate all sources of ignition. Wear respirator, protective clothing

and gloves. Avoid dry sweeping. Do not use compressed air to

clean surfaces. Vacuuming is preferred. Return all material

possible to container for proper disposal. Clean up immediately to

eliminate slipping hazard. Do not allow to enter sewers or

watercourses. Ventilate enclosed spaces. Any recovered product can

be used for the usual purpose, depending on the extent and kind of

contamination. Notify applicable government authority if release is

reportable or could adversely affect the environment.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Handling Practices: Use normal “good” industrial hygiene and housekeeping practices.

Ventilation Requirements: See Section 8, “Engineering Controls”.

Other Precautions: Use only with adequate ventilation and avoid breathing dusts. Avoid

contact with eyes ,skin or clothing. Wash contaminated clothing

thoroughly before re-use.

STORAGE

Storage Temperature (C) See below.

Ventilation Requirements: Genera exhaust is acceptable.

Storage Requirements: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat, sparks

and flames. Keep containers closed. Avoid moisture contamination.

Prolonged storage may result in lumping of caking. Hygroscopic.

Protect from direct sunlight. Protect against physical damage.

Special Materials to Used for

Packaging or Containers: Equipment for storage, handling or transportation should NOT be

made from the following material or where applicable its alloys:

aluminium, titanium, cast iron, bronze or nylon. Confirm suitability

or any material before using.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Recommendations listed in this section indicate the type of equipment, which will provide protection

against overexposure to this product. Conditions of use, adequacy or engineering or other control

measures, and actual exposures will dictate the need for specific protective devices at your work place.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Engineering Controls: Generals exhaust is acceptable. Local exhaust ventilation preferred.

Make up air should be supplied to balance air that is removed by

local or general exhaust ventilation. Ventilate low lying areas such

as sumps or pits where dense dust may collect.

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles when there is potential for eye contact. Contact

lenses should not be worn when working with this material.

Skin Protection: Gloves and protective clothing made from cotton, canvas rubber or plastic

should be imperious under conditions of use. Prior to use, user should

confirm impermeability. Discard contaminated gloves.

Respiratory Protection: No specific guidelines available. A NIOSH/MSHA approved dust mask for

concentrations of nuisance dust up to 100 mg/m3 particulate. An air-supplied

respirator if concentrations are higher or unknown.

If while wearing a respiratory protection, you can smell, taste or otherwise

detect anything unusual or in the case of a full facepiece respirator you

experience eye irritation, leave the area immediately. Check to make sure the

respirator to face seal is still good. If it is, replace the filter, cartridge or

canister. If the seal is no longer good, you may need a new respirator. (4)

Other Personal Protective

Equipment: Wear and impermeable apron and boots. Locate safety shower and eyewash

station close to chemical handling area. Take all precautions to avoid contact.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (Not intended as Specifications)

Physical State: Solid.

Appearance and Odour: Colourless transparent crystals or white powder.

Odour Threshold (ppm): Odourless.

Boiling Range (C): 500C. (4)

Melting /Freezing Point (C): 238C.

Vapour Pressure (mm Hg at 20C): Negligible.

Vapour Density (Air = 1.0): Not applicable.

Relative Density (g/cc): 3.28 (anhyd); 1.97 (monohydrate)

Bulk Density: 1 442 kg/m3.

Viscosity: Not applicable.

Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate=1.0): Not applicable.

Solubility: Soluble in Glycerol and Methanol. Not soluble in Ethyl

Alcohol. (4)

% Volatile by Volume: 0

pH: 4.5 (sat sol) – 5.0 (10% aq sol)

Coefficient of Water/Oil Distribution: Not available.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): Not applicable. .

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

CHEMICAL STABILITY

Under Normal Conditions: Stable.

Under Fire Conditions: Not flammable. .

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

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Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, sparks, open flames and all other sources of ignition.

Loses water of crystallization at 238C. Decomposition will occur above

500C. Minimize air borne spreading of dust. Clean up immediately to

eliminate slipping hazard. Avoid moisture contamination. Hygroscopic.

Materials to Avoid: Strong oxidizers. Strong bases. Aluminium and its alloys, cast bronze

and cast iron. Titanium. Nylon.

Decomposition or Combustion

Products: Thermal decomposition products are toxic and may include oxides of

sulphur, zinc and irritating gases.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

TOXICOLOGICAL DATA:

Meaningful toxicological test data could not be found for this product.

SUBSTANCE LD50 (Oral, Rat) LD50 (Dermal, Rabbit) LC50(Inhalation,Rat, 4h)

Zinc Sulphate (Anhydrous) 1710 -2 949 mg/kg (1,3) ------------- ------------

Carcinogenicity Data: The ingredient(s) of this product is (are) not classed as carcinogenic by

ACGIH, IARC, OSHA or NTP.

Reproductive Data: Zinc Sulphate may cause reproductive effects based on studies in

laboratory animals. It is our belief that, under conditions or normal

occupational exposure, this product should not pose such a hazard to the

worker. See “Other Health Effects” Section.

Mutagenicity Data: Zinc Sulphate may cause mutagenic effects based on studies in laboratory

animals, but only at high generally toxic doses. .

Teratogenicity Data: Zinc Sulphate may cause teratogenic/embryotoxic effects based on

studies in laboratory animals.

Respiratory/Skin Sensitization Data: None Known.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Ecotoxicity: Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate:

48 Hour LC50 (rainbow trout) = 4.76 mg/l (3)

96 Hour LC50 (rainbow trout) = 4.6 ppm (3)

Environmental Fate: Not available. Can be dangerous if allowed to enter drinking water

intakes. Do not contaminate domestic or irrigation water supplies, lakes,

streams, ponds or rivers.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Deactivating Chemicals: None required.

Waste Disposal Methods: This information applies to the material as manufactured. Re-evaluation

of the product may be required by the user at the time of disposal since

the product uses, transformations, mixtures and processes may influence

waste classification. Dispose of waste material at an approved

(hazardous) waste treatment/disposal facility in accordance with

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applicable local, provincial and federal regulations. Do not dispose of

waste with normal garbage, or to sewer systems.

Safe Handling of Residues: See “Waste Disposal Methods”.

Disposal of Packaging: Empty containers retain product residue and can be dangerous. Treat

package in the same manner as the product.

14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

ADR/RID

UN-Number: 3077 Class: 9 Packing group: III

Proper shipping name: ENVIROMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.

(Zinc Sulphate monohydrate)

IMDG

UN-Number: 3077 Class: 9 Packing group: III EMS-No: F-A, S-F

Proper shipping name: ENVIROMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S.

(Zinc Sulphate monohydrate)

ITA

Un-Number: 3077 Class: 9 Packing group: III

Proper shipping name: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. (Zinc Sulphate

monohydrate)

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 (GHS-CLP).

This Safety Data Sheet complies with EC regualation No 1907/2006/

16. OTHER INFORMATION

Text of H-Code(s) and R-phrase(s) mentioned in Section 3

Aquatic Acute Acute aquatic toxicity

Aquatic Chronic Chronic aquatic toxicity

H302 Harmful if swallowed

H318 Causes serious eye damage

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

N Dangerous for the environment

Xn Harmful

R22 Harmful if swallowed

R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes

R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment

Disclaimer:

The information contained herein is offered only as a guide to the handling of this specific material and has

been prepared in good faith by technically knowledgeable personnel. It is not intended to be all-inclusive and

the manner and conditions of use and handling may involve other and additional considerations. No warranty

of any kind is given or implied and Boric Chemicals will not be liable for any damages, losses, injuries or

consequential damages which may result from the use of or reliance on any information contained herein.

________________________________________________________________________________________

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IE0311731-22-RP-0004, Issue C 16/12/2016


Attachment 6 Sodium Cyanide SDS

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SAFETY DATA SHEET according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006

SODIUM CYANIDE

Version 4.0 Print Date 2012/05/24

Revision Date 2012/05/24 MSDS code: MSCY001

R50960 1/82 EN

1. Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking

1.1. Product identifier

Trade name : SODIUM CYANIDE Substance name : sodium cyanide Index-No. : 006-007-00-5 CAS-No. : 143-33-9 EC-No. : 205-599-4 Registration number : 01-2119480141-49-xxxx

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against

Use of the Substance/Mixture

: Identified use: See table in front of appendix for a complete overview of identified uses.

Uses advised against : At this moment we have not identified any uses advised

against

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Company : Brenntag UK & Ireland Albion House, Rawdon Park GB LS19 7XX Leeds Yeadon

Telephone : 0113 3879 200 Telefax : 0113 3879 280 E-mail address : [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Emergency telephone number

: Emergency only telephone number (open 24 hours): 01865 407333 (N.C.E.C. Culham)

2. Hazards identification

2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture

Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008

Hazard class Hazard category Target Organs Hazard

statements

Acute toxicity (Inhalation) Category 1 --- H330

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SODIUM CYANIDE



R50960 2/82 EN

Acute toxicity (Dermal) Category 1 --- H310

Acute toxicity (Oral) Category 1 --- H300

Acute aquatic toxicity Category 1 --- H400

Chronic aquatic toxicity Category 1 --- H410

Corrosive to metals Category 1 --- H290

Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Category 1 Heart, Brain,

Testes H370

Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure Category 1 thyroid H372

For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.

Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC

Directive 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC

Hazard symbol / Category of danger Risk phrases

R32

Very toxic (T+) R26/27/28

Dangerous for the environment (N) R50/53

Very toxic (T+) R39/26/27/28

Toxic (T) R48/23/24/25 For the full text of the R-phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.

Most important adverse effects

Human Health : See section 11 for toxicological information.

Physical and chemical hazards

: See section 9 for physicochemical information.

Potential environmental effects

: See section 12 for environmental information.

2.2. Label elements

Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

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SODIUM CYANIDE



R50960 3/82 EN

Hazard symbols :

Signal word : Danger

Hazard statements : H290 May be corrosive to metals.

H300 Fatal if swallowed. H310 Fatal in contact with skin. H330 Fatal if inhaled. H370 Causes damage to organs (Heart, Brain,

Testes). H372 Causes damage to organs (thyroid) through

prolonged or repeated exposure. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting

effects.

Precautionary statements

Prevention : P260 Do not breathe dust/ fume/ gas/ mist/

vapours/ spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated

area. P273 Avoid release to the environment.

Response : P304 + P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.

P308 IF exposed or concerned: P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or

doctor/ physician.

Additional Labelling:

EUH032 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. Hazardous components which must be listed on the label: • sodium cyanide

2.3. Other hazards

For Results of PBT and vPvB assessment see section 12.5.

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SODIUM CYANIDE



R50960 4/82 EN

3. Composition/information on ingredients

3.1. Substances

Classification (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008)

Hazardous components Amount [%] Hazard class /

Hazard category

Hazard

statements

Classification (67/548/EEC)

sodium cyanide

Index-No. : 006-007-00-5 CAS-No. : 143-33-9 EC-No. : 205-599-4 Registration : 01-2119480141-49-xxxx

<= 100

Acute Tox.1 Acute Tox.1 Acute Tox.1 Aquatic Acute1 Aquatic Chronic1 Met. Corr.1 STOT SE1 STOT RE1

H330 H310 H300 H400 H410 H290 H370 H372

T+; R26/27/28 R32 N; R50-R53 T+; R39/26/27/28 T; R48/23/24/25

For the full text of the R-phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16.

4. First aid measures

4.1. Description of first aid measures

General advice : First aider needs to protect himself. In case of bluish discoloration (lips, ear lobes, fingernails), give oxygen as quickly as possible. Remove from exposure, lie down. Wear respiratory protection. If breathing is irregular or stopped, administer artificial respiration. Victim to lie down in the recovery position, cover and keep him warm. Call a physician immediately. Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.

If inhaled : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen. No artificial respiration,

mouth-to-mouth or mouth to nose. Use suitable instruments/apparatus. Call a physician immediately.

In case of skin contact : Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water. Call a

physician immediately.

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R50960 5/82 EN

In case of eye contact : Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water, also under the eyelids. Call a physician immediately.

If swallowed : Call a physician immediately. Immediately give plenty of water

(if possible charcoal slurry). Induce vomiting, but only if victim is fully conscious.

4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

Symptoms : Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Coma

Effects : See Section 11 for more detailed information on health effects and symptoms.

4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Treatment : Treat symptomatically. No further information available.

5. Firefighting measures

5.1. Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media

: powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media

: Water, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Foam

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

Specific hazards during firefighting

: In case of fire hazardous decomposition products may be produced such as: Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid)

5.3. Advice for firefighters

Special protective equipment for firefighters

: In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.Wear appropriate body protection (full protective suit)

Further information : Fire residues and contaminated fire extinguishing water must be disposed of in accordance with local regulations.Collect contaminated fire extinguishing water separately. This must not be discharged into drains.

6. Accidental release measures

6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

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Personal precautions : Use personal protective equipment. Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak. Avoid dust formation. Provide adequate ventilation. For personal protection see section 8.

6.2. Environmental precautions

Environmental precautions

: Should not be released into the environment. If the product contaminates rivers and lakes or drains inform respective authorities. If material reaches soil inform authorities responsible for such cases.

6.3. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

: Use mechanical handling equipment. Avoid dust formation. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

Further information : Treat recovered material as described in the section "Disposal

considerations".

6.4. Reference to other sections

For personal protection see section 8.

7. Handling and storage

7.1. Precautions for safe handling

Advice on safe handling : Avoid dust formation. Avoid contact with the skin and the eyes. Provide for appropriate exhaust ventilation and dust collection at machinery. Keep locked up. Keep tightly closed in a dry and cool place. Handle and open container with care. Emergency eye wash fountains and emergency showers should be available in the immediate vicinity.

Hygiene measures

: Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs. Take off all contaminated clothing immediately. Wash contaminated clothing before re-use. Keep working clothes separately. Do not breathe dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with the skin and the eyes. Smoking, eating and drinking should be prohibited in the application area. Skin should be washed after contact. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. Separate rooms are required for washing, showering and changing clothes.

7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

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Requirements for storage areas and containers

: Unsuitable materials for containers: Aluminium; Mild steel; Store in original container.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion

: The product is not flammable. Heating or fire can release toxic gas.

Further information on storage conditions

: Keep container tightly closed. Keep in a dry place. Product is hygroscopic. Keep in a well-ventilated place. Store in a place accessible by authorized persons only.

Advice on common storage

: Do not store near acids. Keep away from food, drink and animal feedingstuffs. Incompatible with strong acids and oxidizing agents.

7.3. Specific end uses

Specific use(s) : Identified use: See table in front of appendix for a complete overview of identified uses.

8. Exposure controls/personal protection

8.1. Control parameters

Component: sodium cyanide CAS-No.

143-33-9

Derived No Effect Level (DNEL)

Workers, Long-term - systemic effects, Skin contact Acute toxicity, Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 3.03 mg/kg

Workers, Long-term - systemic effects, Skin contact Repeated dose toxicity, Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.1 mg/kg

Workers, Long-term - systemic effects, Inhalation Acute toxicity, Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 9.4 mg/m3

Workers, Long-term - systemic effects, Inhalation Repeated dose toxicity, Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.72 mg/m3

Population For professional users only., not applicable, Related to, Cyano group CN-

:

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Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)

Fresh water Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.001 mg/l

Marine water Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.001 mg/l

Water (temporarily release) Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.005 mg/l

Sediment (Fresh water) Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.004 mg/kg dwt

Marine sediment Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.004 mg/kg dwt

Soil Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.007 mg/kg dwt

Microorganisms Related to, Cyano group CN-

: 0.05 mg/l

Other Occupational Exposure Limit Values

EH40 WEL, Skin designation:, as CN Can be absorbed through the skin. EH40 WEL, Time Weighted Average (TWA):, as CN 5 mg/m3

8.2. Exposure controls

Appropriate engineering controls Refer to protective measures listed in sections 7 and 8.

Personal protective equipment

Respiratory protection

Advice : In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. Recommended Filter type: Combination filter:B-P3

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Hand protection Advice : Wear suitable gloves.

Selection of the glove material on consideration of the penetration times, rates of diffusion and the degradation. Take note of the information given by the producer concerning permeability and break through times, and of special workplace conditions (mechanical strain, duration of contact). Protective gloves should be replaced at first signs of wear.

Material : natural rubber Break through time : >= 8 h Glove thickness : 0.5 mm

Material : polychloroprene Break through time : >= 8 h Glove thickness : 0.5 mm

Material : Nitrile rubber Break through time : >= 8 h Glove thickness : 0.35 mm

Material : butyl-rubber Break through time : >= 8 h Glove thickness : 0.5 mm

Eye protection

Advice : Goggles

Skin and body protection

Advice : Complete suit protecting against chemicals

Avoid contact with clothing.

Environmental exposure controls

General advice : Should not be released into the environment. If the product contaminates rivers and lakes or drains inform respective authorities. If material reaches soil inform authorities responsible for such cases.

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9. Physical and chemical properties

9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Form : powder

Colour : white

Odour : slight bitter almond

Odour Threshold : no data available

pH : 11 - 12 (20 g/l; 20 °C)

Melting point/range : 562 °C

Boiling point/boiling range : 1,497 °C

Flash point : not applicable

Evaporation rate : Negligible

Flammability (solid, gas) : does not ignite

Upper explosion limit : not applicable

Lower explosion limit : not applicable

Vapour pressure : 1 hPa (800 °C)

Relative vapour density : not applicable

Density : 1.60 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Water solubility : 370 g/l (20 °C)

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water : log Kow -0.44 (calculated)

Ignition temperature : not applicable

Thermal decomposition : no data available

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R50960 11/82 EN

Viscosity, dynamic : not applicable

Viscosity, kinematic : not applicable

Explosivity : Product is not explosive.

Oxidizing properties : no data available

9.2. Other information

Molecular Weight : 49.01 g/mol

10. Stability and reactivity

10.1. Reactivity

Advice : No information available.

10.2. Chemical stability

Advice : No decomposition if stored and applied as directed. No further information available.

10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions

Hazardous reactions : Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.

10.4. Conditions to avoid

Conditions to avoid : Protect from humidity and keep away from water.Product is hygroscopic.

Thermal decomposition : no data available

10.5. Incompatible materials

Materials to avoid : Acids

10.6. Hazardous decomposition products

Hazardous decomposition products

: Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid)

11. Toxicological information

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R50960 12/82 EN

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity

Oral

Fatal if swallowed.

Inhalation

Fatal if inhaled.

Dermal

Fatal in contact with skin.

Irritation

Skin

no data available

Eyes

Please find this information in the listing of the

component/components below in the MSDS.

Sensitisation

no data available

CMR effects

CMR Properties

Carcinogenicity

: no data available

Mutagenicity

: Please find this information in the listing of the component/components below in the MSDS.

Teratogenicity

: no data available

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Reproductive toxicity

: no data available

Specific Target Organ Toxicity

Single exposure

remark


Repeated exposure

remark


Other toxic properties


Please find this information in the listing of the

component/components below in the MSDS.

Aspiration toxicity

No information available.


143-33-9

Acute toxicity

Oral

LD50 : 5 mg/kg (rat)

Literature value

Inhalation

no data available

Dermal

LD50 : 11.8 mg/kg (rabbit, female)

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R50960 14/82 EN

Literature value

Irritation

Eyes

Irritating to eyes. (rabbit)

Sensitisation

no data available

CMR effects

Genotoxicity in vitro

negative (Ames test; Mutagenicity (Salmonella typhimurium -

reverse mutation assay)) (Literature)

negative (In vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells) (Literature)

Specific Target Organ Toxicity

Single exposure

Ingestion

: Target Organs: Testes, Heart, Brain Causes damage to organs.

Repeated exposure

Ingestion

: Target Organs: thyroid Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

Other toxic properties


NOEL : 75 mg/kg

(rat; Test substance: Potassium cyanide)

(Oral; 11.5 Months)

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Target Organs: thyroid, BrainChronic toxicity Feeding study

NOAEL : ca. 0.3 mg/kg

(rat; Test substance: Potassium cyanide) (Oral; 90 Days) Target Organs: Reproductive organsSubchronic toxicity Drinking water study

NOAEL : ca. 16.2 mg/kg

(mouse; Test substance: Potassium cyanide) (Oral) Target Organs: Reproductive organsSubchronic toxicity Drinking water study

Further information

Experience with human exposure

: Related to Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid) Inhalation of low concentrations (approx. 200 ppm HCN in air) or ingestion (approx. 200 - 300 mg KCN) can cause immediate coma and dead! Dangerous amounts can be absorbed through the skin. In some cases of long-term exposure (15 ppm) disorders of thyroid have been reported.

12. Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity


143-33-9

Acute toxicity

Fish

LC50

: 0.042 mg/l (Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout); 96 h; Test substance: Cyano group CN-) Literature value

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Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates

EC10

: 0.022 mg/l (Moinodaphnia spec.; 5 Days; Test substance: Cyano group CN-) (Reproduction Test)

algae

IC10

: 0.03 mg/l (Scenedesmus acuminatus; 8 Days; Test substance: Cyano group CN-) Literature value

Bacteria

EC10

: 0.001 mg/l (Pseudomonas putida; 16 h; Test substance: Cyano group CN-) Literature value

EC50

: (activated sludge; 0.5 h; Test substance: Cyano group CN-)

12.2. Persistence and degradability


143-33-9

Persistence and degradability

Persistence

Result

: decomposition by hydrolysis.

Biodegradability

Result

: Abiotic degradation Expected to be potential biodegradable.

12.3. Bioaccumulative potential


143-33-9

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Bioaccumulation

Result

: low

12.4. Mobility in soil


143-33-9

Mobility

Soil

: Adsorbs on soil.

12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment


143-33-9

Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

Result

: This substance is not considered to be persistent, bioaccumulating nor toxic (PBT)., This substance is not considered to be very persistent nor very bioaccumulating (vPvB).

12.6. Other adverse effects

Additional ecological information

Result

: Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system. Avoid subsoil penetration. Danger to drinking water if even extremely small quantities leak into soil. Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

13. Disposal considerations

13.1. Waste treatment methods

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Product

: Disposal together with normal waste is not allowed. Special disposal required according to local regulations. Do not let product enter drains.

Contaminated packaging

: Do not re-use empty containers. Must be incinerated in a suitable incineration plant holding a permit delivered by the competent authorities. Dispose of as unused product. Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

European Waste Catalogue Number

: No waste code according to the European Waste Catalogue can be assigned for this product, as the intended use dictates the assignment. The waste code is established in consultation with the regional waste disposer.

14. Transport information

14.1. UN number

1689

14.2. UN proper shipping name

ADR : SODIUM CYANIDE, SOLID RID : SODIUM CYANIDE, SOLID IMDG : SODIUM CYANIDE, SOLID

14.3. Transport hazard class(es)

6.1 ADR-Class (Labels; Classification Code; Hazard identification No; Tunnel restriction code)

:6.1; T5; 66; (C/E)

6.1 RID-Class (Labels; Classification Code; Hazard identification No)

:6.1; T5; 66

6.1 IMDG-Class (Labels; EmS)

:6.1; F-A, S-A

14.4. Packaging group

ADR : I RID : I IMDG : I

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14.5. Environmental hazards

Labeling according to 5.2.1.8 ADR : Fish and tree Labeling according to 5.2.1.8 RID : Fish and tree Labeling according to 5.2.1.6.3 IMDG : Fish and tree Classification as environmentally hazardous according to 2.9.3 IMDG

: yes

Classified as “P” according to 2.10 IMDG : yes

14.6. Special precautions for user

Not applicable.

14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code

IMDG : Not applicable.

15. Regulatory information

15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

UK ISR : sodium cyanide: Annual reporting level threshold: 50; kg

Notification status sodium cyanide:

Regulatory List Notification Notification number AICS YES DSL YES EINECS YES 205-599-4 ENCS (JP) YES (1)-158 INV (CN) YES ISHL (JP) YES (1)-158 KECI (KR) YES KE-31401 NZIOC YES HSR002740 PICCS (PH) YES TSCA YES

15.2. Chemical Safety Assessment

A Chemical Safety Assessment has been carried out for this substance.

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16. Other information

Full text of R-phrases referred to under sections 2 and 3.

R26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.

R39/26/27/28 Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R48/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

R53 May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Full text of H-Statements referred to under sections 2 and 3.

H290 May be corrosive to metals. H300 Fatal if swallowed. H310 Fatal in contact with skin. H330 Fatal if inhaled. H370 Causes damage to organs. H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Further information

Other information : Restricted to professional users. Attention - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.The information provided in this Safety Data Sheet is correct to our knowledge at the date of its revision. The information given only describes the products with regard to safety arrangements and is not to be considered as a warranty or quality specification and does not constitute a legal relationship. The information contained in this Safety Data Sheet relates only to the specific material designated and may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other material or in any process, unless specified in the text

|| Indicates updated section.

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No. Short title

Main User

Group (SU)

Sector of Use (SU)

Product Category

(PC)

Process Category (PROC)

Environmental

Release Category

(ERC)

Article Category

(AC) Specified

1 Use as an intermediate 3 1, 8, 9, 11 19 1, 2, 3,

8b, 15 6a NA ES1853

2

Formulation & (re)packing of

substances and mixtures

3 10 14, 15, 25

1, 2, 3, 8b, 9, 14,

15 2 NA ES1871

3 Use in Cleaning Agents 3 15, 16 14 3, 8b, 13,

15 6b NA ES1867

4 Extraction agent of precious metals 3 2a 40 3, 4, 8b,

15 6b NA ES1878

5 Use in metallurgy. 3 14, 15, 17 14 3, 8b, 15,

22 5 NA ES1895

6 Use for electroplating. 3 15, 16, 17 14, 15 3, 8b, 13,

15 6b NA ES1891

7 Depressing Agent 3 2a 14, 15 2, 3, 8b, 15 6b NA ES1874

8 Recycling of precious metals 3 14 40 1, 3, 8b,

9, 15 6b NA ES1887

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R50960 22/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 1: Use as an intermediate

Main User Groups SU 3: Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial sites

Sectors of end-use

SU1: Agriculture, forestry, fishery SU8: Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products) SU9: Manufacture of fine chemicals SU11: Manufacture of rubber products

Chemical product category PC19: Intermediate

Process categories

PROC1: Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure PROC2: Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent

Environmental Release Categories

ERC6a: Industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates)

2.1 Contributing scenario controlling environmental exposure for: ERC6a

Non-hydrophobic, Inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling criteria

Amount used Annual amount per site 1,860 ton(s)/year Daily amount per site 5.2 ton(s)/day


Flow rate of receiving surface water 18,000 m3/d


Continuous exposure Number of emission days per year 360

Emission or Release Factor: Air 5 .10-5

based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Emission or Release Factor: Water 2 .10-6

based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Emission or Release Factor: Soil 0

based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Temperature range 0 - 90 °C Closed system Control of pH value

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Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from the site

Air Exhaust ventilation equipped with scrubbers. Sodium hydroxide scrubber for neutralisation of acidic waste gases

Water

Treatment of water containing the substance via a detoxification process utilizing oxidation (Degradation effectiveness: 99.9 %)

Water

After detoxification discharge to site waste water treatment plant (WWTP) or STP (BREF, Specialty Inorganic Chemicals 2007; H2O2, 2003)

Soil Standard technical operating conditions and measures to prevent discharge directly to soil Sealing of all relevant soil surfaces in the facility

See chapter 6, 7 and 10 of the SDS

Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant

Type of Sewage Treatment Plant Onsite pre-treatment of waste water:

Degradation efficiency 90 % Type of Sewage Treatment Plant Municipal sewage treatment plant

Flow rate of sewage treatment plant effluent 2,000 m3/d

Degradation efficiency 70 %


Waste treatment External treatment and disposal of waste should comply with applicable local and/or national regulations.

Waste treatment Send back to the process, or, Send offsite to approved hazardous waste incinerator


Recovery Methods Metal drums sent to dedicated recovery facility (smelter)

2.2 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC1, PROC2, PROC3


Concentration of the Substance in Mixture/Article

Concentration of substance in product: 5% - 25%

Physical Form (at time of use) liquid

Amount used Amount per Application 5,200 kg/day

Frequency and duration of use Frequency of use 5 days/week

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Exposure duration 60 - 240 min

Other operational conditions affecting workers exposure

Indoor use.


Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %) Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure(PROC1) Detection of HCN gas concentration is required(PROC2, PROC3) Control of pH value(PROC2, PROC3)

Organisational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Provide basic employee training to prevent/minimize exposures

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

Wear chemically resistant gloves. See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)

2.3 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC8b


Physical Form (at time of use) solid, granular-like

Amount used Amount per Application 5,200 kg/day

Frequency and duration of use Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration 15 - 60 min


Indoor use.


Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %) Detection of HCN gas concentration is required




Wear chemically resistant gloves. Wear air purifying half mask APF10 (Efficiency: 90 %) See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)

2.4 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC15

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R50960 25/82 EN



Concentration of substance in product : 0% - 5%


Amount used Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day



Indoor use.


Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %) Detection of HCN gas concentration is required Control of pH value




Wear chemically resistant gloves. See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)


Environment

ECETOC TRA (May 2010) Tier 2 Contributing

Scenario Specific

conditions Compartment Value

Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC6a --- Fresh water PEC 0.209µg/L 0.20

ERC6a --- Fresh water sediment PEC 0.809µg/kg 0.20

ERC6a --- Marine water PEC 0.210µg/L 0.21 ERC6a --- Marine sediment PEC 0.080µg/kg 0.020 ERC6a --- Soil PEC 3.920µg/kg 0.56

ERC6a --- Sewage treatment plant (STP) PEC 1.060µg/L 0.021

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R50960 26/82 EN

Workers


Scenario Specific

conditions Exposure routes Level of Exposure RCR

PROC1 --- worker inhalation, long term - systemic 0.0039mg/m³ 0.0054

PROC1 --- worker dermal, long term - systemic 0.0019mg/kg bw/day 0.019

PROC1 --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, long term - systemic

--- 0.024

PROC1 --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 0.0761mg/m³ 0.0081

PROC1 --- worker dermal, acute - systemic 0.0576mg/kg bw/day 0.019

PROC1 --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, acute - systemic

--- 0.027




--- 0.17




--- 0.15




--- 0.32



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R50960 27/82 EN


--- 0.25

PROC8b --- worker inhalation, long term - systemic 0.0202µg/m³ 0.000028

PROC8b --- worker dermal, long term - systemic 0.007mg/kg bw/day 0.069

PROC8b --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, long term - systemic

--- 0.069

PROC8b --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 0.6486µg/m³ 0.000069

PROC8b --- worker dermal, acute - systemic 0.209mg/kg bw/day 0.069

PROC8b --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, acute - systemic

--- 0.069




--- 0.074

PROC15 --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 1,222mg/m³ 0.13



--- 0.15

4. Guidance to Downstream User to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the Exposure Scenario

If conditions differ from those listed in Section 2, downstream user (DU) should check whether they are still within the boundaries of the ES (i.e.,RCR < 1) The following equation may be used for scaling:

Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year)

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R50960 28/82 EN

fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 0.1643 (CN-) Release rate to wastewater (kg/day): 0.0065 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.0 Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor CFs = correction factor for scaling

Scaling for LEV: LEV efficiency in professional settings: PROC 24 = 75%; PROC 8b - volatiles; PROC 17, PROC 18 = 80%, all other PROCs = 80% LEV efficiency in industrial settings: PROC 12 - volatiles, PROC 24 - solids = 80%; PROC 8b - volatiles = 97%; PROC 7, PROC 8b - solids, PROC 17, PROC 18 = 95%, all other PROCs = 90% If the downstream user reduces the exposure duration for each activity/process to less than 8 hours, it may be necessary to consider summing exposure estimates if the same worker may be engaged in multiple tasks during the day

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R50960 29/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 2: Formulation & (re)packing of substances and mixtures


Sectors of end-use SU 10: Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/ or re-packaging (excluding alloys)

Chemical product category

PC14: Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products PC15: Non-metal-surface treatment products PC25: Metal working fluids

Process categories

PROC1: Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure PROC2: Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC9: Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing) PROC14: Production of preparations or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelettisation PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent


ERC2: Formulation of preparations

2.1 Contributing scenario controlling environmental exposure for: ERC2


Amount used Annual amount per site 10 ton(s)/year Daily amount per site 0.33 ton(s)/day




Number of emission days per year 30




based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Temperature range 0 - 80 °C

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R50960 30/82 EN

closed and open systems Control of pH value


Air Exhaust ventilation equipped with scrubbers. (Efficiency: 90 %)

Water


Water





Type of Sewage Treatment Plant Municipal sewage treatment plant








2.2 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC1, PROC2, PROC3, PROC9, PROC14, PROC15




Physical Form (at time of use) granules

Amount used Amount per Application 330 kg/day (PROC1, PROC2, PROC3, PROC9,

PROC14) Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day (PROC15)

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R50960 31/82 EN


Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration 60 - 240 min(PROC1, PROC2, PROC3, PROC14) Exposure duration 15 - 60 min(PROC15) Exposure duration > 240 min(PROC9)


Indoor use.


Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %) Materials of construction for storage: special plastic (resistant to cyanides) for containment of solid forms Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure(PROC1) Detection of HCN gas concentration is required(PROC2, PROC3, PROC9, PROC14, PROC15)


Provide basic employee training to prevent/minimize exposures Strict supervision regarding the use of personal protection equipment


Wear chemically resistant gloves. Wear air purifying half mask APF10 (Efficiency: 90 %)(PROC9, PROC15) All PPE including HCN masks is required for the opening of lines See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)




Amount used Amount per Application 330 kg/day (PROC8b)



Indoor use.


Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %) Materials of construction for storage: special plastic (resistant to cyanides) for containment of solid forms Detection of HCN gas concentration is required

Organisational measures to Provide basic employee training to prevent/minimize exposures

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R50960 32/82 EN

prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Strict supervision regarding the use of personal protection equipment


Wear chemically resistant gloves. Wear air purifying half mask APF10 (Efficiency: 90 %) All PPE including HCN masks is required for the opening of lines See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)


Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC2 --- Fresh water PEC 0.224µg/L 0.224

ERC2 --- Fresh water sediment PEC 0.867µg/kg 0.22

ERC2 --- Marine water PEC 0.048µg/L 0.048 ERC2 --- Marine sediment PEC 0.184µg/kg 0.046 ERC2 --- Soil PEC 0.210µg/kg 0.029

ERC2 --- Sewage treatment plant (STP) PEC 0.121µg/L 0.024

Workers


Scenario Specific


PROC1, PROC3 --- worker inhalation, long term - systemic 0.0012mg/m³ 0.0017

PROC1, PROC3 --- worker dermal, long term - systemic 0.0003mg/kg bw/day 0.0034

PROC1, PROC3 --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, long term - systemic

--- 0.0051

PROC1, PROC3 --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 0.0122mg/m³ 0.0013

PROC1, PROC3 --- worker dermal, acute - systemic 0.0103mg/kg bw/day 0.0034

PROC1, PROC3 --- worker combined dermal and inhalation, acute - systemic

--- 0.0047


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R50960 33/82 EN



--- 0.014




--- 0.014




--- 0.069




--- 0.069




--- 0.036




--- 0.036

PROC15 --- worker inhalation, long term - systemic 0.0396µg/m³ 0.000055

PROC15 --- worker dermal, long term - systemic 0.0347µg/kg bw/day 0.00034

PROC15 --- worker combined dermal --- 0.00035

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R50960 34/82 EN

and inhalation, long term - systemic

PROC15 --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 0.0012µg/m³ 0.00013



--- 0.0035




--- 0.069




--- 0.069



Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year) fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 0.434 (CN-) Release rate to wastewater (kg/day): 0.00742 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.0

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R50960 35/82 EN

Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor CFs = correction factor for scaling


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R50960 36/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 3: Use in Cleaning Agents


Sectors of end-use

SU15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment SU16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment

Chemical product category PC14: Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products

Process categories

PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent


ERC6b: Industrial use of reactive processing aids

2.1 Contributing scenario controlling environmental exposure for: ERC6b










based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Temperature range 15 - 50 °C closed and open systems Control of pH value

Technical conditions and measures at process level Air Exhaust ventilation equipped with scrubbers.

(Efficiency: 90 %)

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R50960 37/82 EN

(source) to prevent release Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from the site

Water


Water


















Amount used Amount per Application 125 kg/day



Indoor use.

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R50960 38/82 EN








Product characteristics Physical Form (at time of use) solid, granular-like




Indoor use.






Wear chemically resistant gloves. All PPE including HCN masks is required for the opening of lines See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)

2.4 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC13, PROC15



Concentration of substance in product : 0,1% - 1%


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R50960 39/82 EN

Amount used Amount per Application 125 kg/day (PROC13) Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day (PROC15)


Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration 60 - 240 min(PROC13) Exposure duration 15 - 60 min(PROC15)


Indoor use.








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC6b --- Fresh water PEC 0.157µg/L 0.157

ERC6b --- Fresh water sediment PEC 0.608µg/kg 0.152

ERC6b --- Marine water PEC 0.027µg/L 0.027 ERC6b --- Marine sediment PEC 0.104µg/kg 0.026 ERC6b --- Soil PEC 0.152µg/kg 0.022

ERC6b --- Sewage treatment plant (STP) PEC 0.538µg/L 0.011

Workers


Scenario Specific


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R50960 40/82 EN




--- 0.32




--- 0.25




--- 0.069




--- 0.069




--- 0.51




--- 0.37


PROC15 --- worker dermal, long term 0.0017mg/kg bw/day 0.017

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R50960 41/82 EN

- systemic


--- 0.046




--- 0.082



Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year) fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 0.00625 (CN-) Release rate to wastewater (kg/day): 0.0065 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.0 Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor CFs = correction factor for scaling

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R50960 42/82 EN


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R50960 43/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 4: Extraction agent of precious metals


Sectors of end-use SU2a: Mining (without offshore industries) Chemical product category PC40: Extraction agents

Process categories

PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC4: Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent









based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Emission or Release Factor: Soil 25 .10-5




Water Recirculation of water containing the substance to the processes (Degradation effectiveness: 90 %)

Water


Water After detoxification discharge to the tailing pond at a

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R50960 44/82 EN

rate not to exceed 10 ppm of CN WAD (BREF, Specialty Inorganic Chemicals 2007; H2O2, 2003; BREF, 2009)




Type of Sewage Treatment Plant none



Waste treatment Send back to the process




Activity Relevant for Dissolving








Indoor use.




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R50960 45/82 EN






Activity Relevant for Carbon Stripping








Indoor use.








Activity Relevant for Carbon Stripping (Northern Sites)



Concentration of substance in product: 0% - 0,5%



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R50960 46/82 EN

Frequency and duration of use Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration > 240 min


Indoor use.


Detection of HCN gas concentration is required Control of pH value






Activity Relevant for Leaching








Outdoor use.







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R50960 47/82 EN


Activity Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)








Indoor use.








Activity Relevant for Cleaning and Maintenance






Frequency and duration of use Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration > 240 min


Outdoor use.

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R50960 48/82 EN


Detection of HCN gas concentration is required Control of pH value Portable HCN monitor










Indoor use.












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R50960 49/82 EN




Indoor use.








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC6b --- Soil PEC 3.01µg/kg 0.43

Workers


Scenario Specific


PROC3 Relevant for Dissolving

worker inhalation, long term - systemic 0.223mg/m³ 0.31


worker dermal, long term - systemic 0.001mg/kg bw/day 0.017


worker combined dermal and inhalation, long term - systemic

--- 0.32


worker inhalation, acute - systemic 2.162mg/m³ 0.23

PROC3 Relevant for worker dermal, acute - 0.051mg/kg bw/day 0.017

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R50960 50/82 EN

Dissolving systemic


worker combined dermal and inhalation, acute - systemic

--- 0.25

PROC3 Relevant for Carbon Stripping






--- 0.068




worker dermal, acute - systemic 0.051mg/kg bw/day 0.017



--- 0.056

PROC3

Relevant for Carbon Stripping (Northern Sites)


PROC3



PROC3



--- 0.48

PROC3, PROC4

Relevant for Carbon Stripping (Northern Sites), Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)


PROC3, PROC4 Relevant for worker dermal, acute - 1.030mg/kg bw/day 0.34

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R50960 51/82 EN

Carbon Stripping (Northern Sites), Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)

systemic

PROC3, PROC4

Relevant for Carbon Stripping (Northern Sites), Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)


--- 0.41

PROC4 Relevant for Leaching






--- 0.40

PROC4

Relevant for Leaching, Relevant for Cleaning and Maintenance


PROC4



PROC4



--- 0.39

PROC4

Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)


PROC4

Relevant for Leaching (Northern Sites)


PROC4 Relevant for worker combined dermal --- 0.43

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R50960 52/82 EN

Leaching (Northern Sites)


PROC4 Relevant for Cleaning and Maintenance






--- 0.44




--- 0.069




--- 0.069

PROC15 --- worker inhalation, long term - systemic 38mg/m³ 0.028



--- 0.046




--- 0.082


If conditions differ from those listed in Section 2, downstream user (DU) should check whether they are still within the boundaries of the ES (i.e.,RCR < 1)

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R50960 53/82 EN

The following equation may be used for scaling:

Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year) fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 1.944 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.109 Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor CFs = correction factor for scaling

Scaling for LEV: LEV efficiency in professional settings: PROC 24 = 75%; PROC 8b - volatiles; PROC 17, PROC 18 = 80%, all other PROCs = 80% LEV efficiency in industrial settings: PROC 12 - volatiles, PROC 24 - solids = 80%; PROC 8b - volatiles = 97%; PROC 7, PROC 8b - solids, PROC 17, PROC 18 = 95%, all other PROCs = 90%

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R50960 54/82 EN

If the downstream user reduces the exposure duration for each activity/process to less than 8 hours, it may be necessary to consider summing exposure estimates if the same worker may be engaged in multiple tasks during the day

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R50960 55/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 5: Use in metallurgy.


Sectors of end-use

SU14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys SU15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment SU17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment

Chemical product category PC14: Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products

Process categories

PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent PROC22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature; industrial setting


ERC5: Industrial use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix

2.1 Contributing scenario controlling environmental exposure for: ERC5


Activity Relevant for metal hardening





based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Emission or Release Factor: Water 0



Technical conditions and measures at process level Air Collection of air emission via a scrubber with

routing to a CN detoxification process (BREF, 2007;

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R50960 56/82 EN

(source) to prevent release Technical onsite conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from the site

H2O2, 2003) (Efficiency: 99 %)

Water No release to water or STP







Waste treatment Detoxification, or, Send back to the process








Physical Form (at time of use) solid




Indoor use.




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R50960 57/82 EN












Indoor use.











Concentration of substance in product : 0% - 2%


Amount used Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day (PROC15)

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R50960 58/82 EN

Amount per Application 500 kg/day (PROC22)




Indoor use.








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC5 --- Fresh water PEC 0.103µg/L 0.10

ERC5 --- Fresh water sediment PEC 0.400µg/kg 0.1

ERC5 --- Marine water PEC 0.0105µg/L 0.011 ERC5 --- Marine sediment PEC 0.0406µg/kg 0.01 ERC5 --- Soil PEC 0.364µg/kg 0.052

Workers


Scenario Specific





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R50960 59/82 EN





--- 0.0047




--- 0.069




--- 0.069




--- 0.0062




--- 0.0098

PROC22 Medium fugacity (pt≈mp)




PROC22 Medium fugacity

worker combined dermal and inhalation, long term --- 0.13

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R50960 60/82 EN

(pt≈mp) - systemic







--- 0.12




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R50960 61/82 EN


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R50960 62/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 6: Use for electroplating.


Sectors of end-use

SU15: Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment SU16: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment SU17: General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment

Chemical product category PC14: Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products PC15: Non-metal-surface treatment products

Process categories

PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent














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R50960 63/82 EN



Water


Water



















Other operational conditions Indoor use.

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R50960 64/82 EN

affecting workers exposure












Indoor use.










Concentration of substance in product : 0,1% - 5%


Amount used Amount per Application 166 kg/day (PROC13)

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R50960 65/82 EN

Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day (PROC15)




Indoor use.








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR



ERC6b --- Marine water PEC 0.0319µg/L 0.032 ERC6b --- Marine sediment PEC 0.124µg/kg 0.031 ERC6b --- Soil PEC 0.259µg/kg 0.037


Workers


Scenario Specific



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R50960 66/82 EN



--- 0.32




--- 0.25




--- 0.069




--- 0.069




--- 0.68




--- 0.60




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R50960 67/82 EN





--- 0.15




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R50960 68/82 EN


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R50960 69/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 7: Depressing Agent


Sectors of end-use SU2a: Mining (without offshore industries)

Chemical product category PC14: Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products PC15: Non-metal-surface treatment products

Process categories

PROC2: Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent









based on initial default values with subsequent RMM Emission or Release Factor: Soil 25 .10-3




Water Recirculation of water containing the substance to the processes (Degradation effectiveness: 90 %)

Water


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R50960 70/82 EN

Water

After detoxification discharge to the tailing pond at a rate not to exceed 10 ppm of CN WAD (BREF, Specialty Inorganic Chemicals 2007; H2O2, 2003; BREF, 2009)







Waste treatment Send back to the process








Amount used Amount per Application 330 kg/day (PROC2) Amount per Application 0.1 kg/day (PROC15)




Indoor use.



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R50960 71/82 EN













Indoor use.









Physical Form (at time of use) solid, granular-like


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R50960 72/82 EN



Indoor use.








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR

ERC6b --- Soil PEC 1.12µg/kg 0.16

Workers


Scenario Specific





--- 0.086




--- 0.081

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R50960 73/82 EN




--- 0.046




--- 0.082




--- 0.32




--- 0.25




--- 0.069

PROC8b --- worker inhalation, acute - systemic 0.001mg/m³ 0.00012



--- 0.069


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R50960 74/82 EN


Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year) fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 0.79 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.0425 Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor CFs = correction factor for scaling

Scaling for LEV: LEV efficiency in professional settings: PROC 24 = 75%; PROC 8b - volatiles; PROC 17, PROC 18 = 80%, all other PROCs = 80%

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R50960 75/82 EN

LEV efficiency in industrial settings: PROC 12 - volatiles, PROC 24 - solids = 80%; PROC 8b - volatiles = 97%; PROC 7, PROC 8b - solids, PROC 17, PROC 18 = 95%, all other PROCs = 90% If the downstream user reduces the exposure duration for each activity/process to less than 8 hours, it may be necessary to consider summing exposure estimates if the same worker may be engaged in multiple tasks during the day

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R50960 76/82 EN

1. Short title of Exposure Scenario 8: Recycling of precious metals


Sectors of end-use SU14: Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys Chemical product category PC40: Extraction agents

Process categories

PROC1: Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure PROC3: Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation) PROC8b: Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities PROC9: Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing) PROC15: Use as laboratory reagent














Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release Technical onsite conditions and


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R50960 77/82 EN

measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and releases to soil Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from the site

Water


Water










Waste treatment Detoxification, or, Send back to the process



2.2 Contributing scenario controlling worker exposure for: PROC1, PROC3, PROC9







Frequency of use 5 days/week Exposure duration > 240 min(PROC1, PROC3) Exposure duration 60 - 240 min(PROC9)


Indoor use.

Technical conditions and Provide local exhaust ventilation (LEV). (Efficiency: 90 %)(except PROC3)

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R50960 78/82 EN

measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker

Detection of HCN gas concentration is required Control of pH value(except PROC1)




Wear chemically resistant gloves. Wear air purifying half mask APF10 (Efficiency: 90 %)(PROC3) All PPE including HCN masks is required for the opening of lines See chapter 8 of the safety data sheet (Personal protection equipment)






Indoor use.














Other operational conditions Indoor use.

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R50960 79/82 EN

affecting workers exposure








Environment


Scenario Specific


Level of Exposure

RCR



ERC6b --- Marine water PEC 0.0133µg/L 0.013 ERC6b --- Marine sediment PEC 517µg/kg 0.0129 ERC6b --- Soil PEC 0.147µg/kg 0.021


Workers


Scenario Specific





--- 0.023



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R50960 80/82 EN


--- 0.020




--- 0.19




--- 0.095




--- 0.51




--- 0.47




--- 0.069




--- 0.069

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R50960 81/82 EN




--- 0.074




--- 0.15



Where: RCR ES is the risk characterisation ratio (unitless) M ES is the quantity of substance processed or used per year per site (tonnes/year) Tem,ES is the duration of emission (days/year) fem,ES is the fraction of substance emitted from the process or use to air, water or soil (unitless) M Actual, Tem,Actual and fem,Actual are the corresponding actual parameters as known to the DU, and RCR Actual is the resulting scaled risk characterisation ratio. Instead of fem,ES, the actual release rates of substance emitted may be used and the following values were used in the assessment: Release rate to air (kg/day): 0.00116 (CN-) Release rate to wastewater (kg/day): 0.0005724 (CN-) Release rate to soil (kg/day): 0.00 Note: While scaling on conditions and RMMs related to the primary risk driving environmental compartment, be cautious not to exceed limitations set through the next limiting compartment (compare RCRs) Scaling information for worker assessments based on ECETOC TRA: RCRs = RCRo * CFs / CFo can be used for multiple determinants in series e.g. CF1, CF2, CF3 Where: RCRo = original exposure prediction RCRs = scaled exposure prediction CFo = original correction factor

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R50960 82/82 EN

CFs = correction factor for scaling


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Appendix B.10 SEVESO III Classification · 2017. 1. 6. · A 04/07/16 Khadija Mu’azzam Pat Swords...

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Transcript of Appendix B.10 SEVESO III Classification · 2017. 1. 6. · A 04/07/16 Khadija Mu’azzam Pat Swords...