APPENDIX A-l Automatic Machine Installations · surface (coating' of blasted object iron oxide...
52
APPENDIX A-l Automatic Machine Installations
Transcript of APPENDIX A-l Automatic Machine Installations · surface (coating' of blasted object iron oxide...
APPENDIX A-l
Automatic Machine Installations
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(CA
STIN
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ND
ON
LY)
-------------
-------------
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SC
HE
MA
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(TO
PV
IEW
)
--------
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ot
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erat
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(20
)
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er90
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nt
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or.
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(20
)9
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0)
GE
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RA
LN
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ES
AN
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ME
NT
S:
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ersh
opso
urc
esp
red
om
inat
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ata
at
1ft
.are
pro
bab
lyin
vali
dals
o.
APPENDIX A-2
Portable Machine Installations
SwingDoor
18'
(Front View)
III
10'
II
Operator's Controls
81
Dust Bags forCollector
MagneticSeparator
I~"---- 15'---~·I
II
Collection Bins
(Side View)
SCHEMATIC OF INSTALLATION A-4AUTOMATIC SWING TABLE MACHINE
A-12
DU
ST
DA
TA
FA
CIL
ITY
PORT
ABL
EB
LAST
ING
MA
CHIN
E,IN
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LLA
TIO
NP
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A-52
APPENDIX A-3
Cabinet Machine Installations
DU
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LA
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APPENDIX A-4
Blasting Room Installations
DU
ST
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AIR FLOW RATE DATA
3. Air flow determined by average velocity through ceiling airinlet cones (18 total):
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Average AirFlow
10,080 CFM
Average AirFlow
10,200 CFM17 Sq Ft
Enclosure CrossSectional Area
Estimated InletArea
(12' x 12' = 144 Sq Ft)
x
x
x
x70 LFM
Average InletVelocity
600 LFM
Average DownflowVelocity
2. Air flow determined by average velocity through side exhaustplenums :
Average Exhaust Velocity xPlenum Open Average Air
(Seven Data Points Each) Flow Area Flow
Right 2100 LFM x (3.75"x6'-8" 2.1 Sq Ft) 4410 CFM
Left 2740 LFM x (3.50"x7'-4" 2.1 Sq Ft) 5750 CFM
TOTAL 10.160 CFM
1. Air flow determined by average downflow velocity within enclosureat 3 feet above floor:
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AIR FLOW RATE DATA
1. Air flow determined by average dawnflaw velocity within enclosure
at 3 feet above floor:
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Average AirFlow
2700 CFM
Average AirFlow
Average AirFlow
2590 CFM
Roof InletArea (Five Ports)
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Enclosure CrossSectional Area
x
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0.785 Sq Ft
Duct Crossx Sectional Area
(10' x 15' = 150 Sq Ft)
x
x
x
x
3300 LFM
18 LFM
Average Exhaust Velocity(Five Data Points)
0.9 is an averaging factor for centerline velocity measurements togive ~n approximate overall average velocity.
*
Average Inlet CenterlineVelocity (Five Data Points)
*286 LFM x 0.9
3. Air flow determined by average velocity through ceiling air inlet
ports (five total):
2. Air flow determined by average velocity through exhaust duct
(12" diameter):
Average Downflow Velocity(Eight Data Points)
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INSTALLATION R-7
1. Air flow determined by average velocity through exhaust vent:
AIR FLOW RATE DATA
2. Air flow determined by average velocity through exhaust duct(downstream of blower):
3. Air flow determined by average velocity through inlet slots:
Average Inlet Velocity(Four Data Points Each)
Right Wall 550 LFM
Righ t Door 500 LFM
Left Door 287 LFM
Left Wall 487 LFM
Ceiling Cones 350 LFM(Estimated)
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APPENDIX B
Test Equipment and Procedure
1. DUST EXPOSURE
a. Equipment Descriptiop
The first stage cyclone precollector is designed to separate inaccordance with estimated particle sizes that actually pass into smallerportions of the human respiratory tract (to small bronchioles and alveolarsacs). Separation is in accordance with the following lrofile as determinedby the AEC and recommended by the U. S. Bureau of Mines.
100755025a
% PASSINGSELECTOR
22.53.55.0
10.0
AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER (~m)
(UNIT DENSITY SPHERE)
Dust is collected by sampling air at 2 liters per minute (a ratethat is factory set but adjustable; a test rotameter is available forperiodic confirmation of this flow rate) through a two-stage collectionsystem. Total airborne dust is accumulated without the first stage of thecollection system by impaction directly on a "vaseline" coated, circularplastic (polyester) disc. Collected particles are approximately 50 ~m
(spheres of unit density) in diameter and smaller. Respirable airbornedust is collected using both a cyclone precollector first stage and thecoated disc second stage. The cyclone's function is to remove all nonrespirable particles larger than 10 ~m in diameter (spheres of unit density),to allow passage of all particles smaller than 2 ~m in diameter, and to allowpassage of selected percentages of particle sizes between these two limits.
As GCA's manual states: "The Model RDM-lOl Respirable Dust Monitor(Figure B-1) is an advanced instrument designed for on-the-spot measurementsof mass concentrations of the respirable fraction or the total mass loadingof dust particles. It is a portable and fully self-contained monitor withautomatic and direct digital readout of the mass concentration of airbornedust."
This commercially available, 10-mm diameter, nylon cyclone isaccepted as a standard in most industrial hygiene uses (U.S. Bureau ofMines and U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, per GCA).
1 "Sampling and Evaluating Respirable Coal Mine Dust: A Training Manual,"Bureau of Mines Information Circular, February 1971.
B-1
B-3
Automatic operation of the Respirable Dust Moni t or provides f ora one-minute total sample period (40 se conds e ffe ctive sample collection,10 seconds each for i~itial [no sample ] and final [collected s amp le] mas sdeterminations by B-energy mass absorption) . Air s amp l es with l owrespirable dust concentrations of~en are below s i gni f icant sensitivity« 10 mg/M3) of the instrument in its automat ic s ampling time; t hereforea manual override for increased sampl i ng t ime i s provide d . Thi s , however,requires a correction factor to give the true respir able dus t concent ration.This factor is determined by the fo l l owing f ormula and c orrection factors arepresented in Table B-1.
B-2
a: DIGITAL CORRECTION CORRECT RESPIRA '3LE0
X~
z READOUT FACTOR DUST CONCENTRATION0:E~II)
:::::l TABLE B-1cw..J CORRECTION FACTORSa3«a:l:\.II)w EFFECTIVE
~a:
- 3 Z SAMPLING TIME2 .-~ 0 (Total less 20 sec. CONCENTRATION- i=,.,
rl - • TOTAL SAMPLING required for mass CORRECTION RANGE- ! «" a: TIME Measurements) FACTOR (mg/M3)~ N-: ~ 0
i Q.-- ; a:t' - J 0< 0- u
« 1 minute 40 sec. 1.0 1-5 0u 1 min. , 40 80 0.5 0.5-30e,:, sec.
2 min. 100 0.4 0 .4-2 5.... 3 min. 160 0.25 0 . 25 - 20Ia3 3 min. , 40 sec. 200 0 . 20 0 .20- 12wa: 4 min. 220 0.182 0 .18-10:::::l 5 min. 280 0 . 143 0 . 14-8e,:,u. 6 min. 340 0 . 118 0 . 12-8
7 min. 400 0.100 0.10-6~ 8 min. 460 0 . 087 0 . 09-6
10 min. 580 0 . 069 0 . 0 7-513 min. , 40 sec. 800 0 . 050 0.05- 3
b. Equipment Calibration
Three samplers were used concurrently:
3. A GCA Respirable Dust Monitor RDM-lOl.
General Radio l55l-CH. H. Scott 420-AGeneral Radio 1560-P40General Radio 1560-9575'General Radio 1552-BGeneral Radio 1307-A'General Radio 1560-9521
Equipment Calibration
Equipment List
Sound Level MeterOctave AnalyzerPreamplifierPower SupplyCalibratorOscillatorWindscreen
AIR FLOW VELOCITY
a. Equipment Description
b.
This device was factory calibrated at the outset of the program.
SOUND LEVEL EXPOSURE
a.
b. Equipment Calibration
2.
B-5
3.
A Datametrics' Series 800-VTP Airflow Multimeter (Figure B-2)was used to directly record air velocities at abrasive blast cleaninginstallations. This device is a hot wire anemometer requiring directprobe insertion into the airflow path. Direct velocity readout wasavailable to 5000 LFM.
A secondary mylar calibration disc is provided to check adherence ofthe instrument to the original calibration. This provides an indicationof deviation from the originally set point under field use conditions andadjustment of a potentiometer will reset the instrument if necessary.
Also GCA literature depicts a rather good agreement between RDM-101and gravimetric techniques in sampling air streams ladened with coal dust.
The following sound level monitoring equipment (Figure B-3) wasused to measure the acoustic levels:
The assembled equipment was calibrated before and aftermeasurements were made at each facility. For all of the measurements,a 5-mil polyethylene sleeve was placed over the microphone to preventthe intrusion of grit particles. A laboratory check was made of theeffect of such a shield on the acoustic response of the equipment. Itwas determined that the acoustic calibration could not be made with thesleeve due to dimensioned interference with the calibrator and high leveleffects, but measurements could be made satisfactorily with an acceptableone to two dB error in the two highest octave bands (2400-4800 and4800-9600 Hz).
PARTICLE SIZE WI. %
0-5 J-l 39 + 2
5-10 18 + 3
10-20 16 + 3
20-40 18 + 3
40-80 9 + 3
B-4
Test Arizona road dust is of the folloWing specifications:
Federal Register, Vol. 36, No. 157, 13, August 1971.
2. A Bausch and Lomb Light-Scattering Particle CounterModel 40-1 (used only to keep watch on uniformity ofparticle size).
1. A filter sampler using a Gelman Metrical (0.45 ~m
pore size) Filter @1 CFM.
2
The ROM-lOl is calibrated at the manufacturer's facilities againsta gravimetric reference filter sample from a test flow tunnel withcontinuous dust feeding.
The GCA dust monitor is calibrated to agree with the gravimetricsample. This primary calibration was done at the outset of our programand again half way through our sampling efforts.
Measureable concentration ranges of airborne dust are also given 3in the above table. The maximum limitation of the instrument is 50 mg/Mwhich is significantly higher than the recommended maximum concentrationof nonsilica respirable dust of 5 mg/M3. 2 The GCA monitor thereforeadequately covers the spectrum of dust levels required in collection ofNIOSH data.
Arizona road dust is fed into an 8-inch diameter test tunnel andsampled isokinetically 20 diameters from the linlet.
ttl I 0\
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FIGURE B-4 MICROPHONE POSITION RELATIVE TO BLAST OPERATOR'SEAR FOR INSIDE HELMET MEASUREMENT
The microphone (one-inch ceramic) and preamplifier were hung asan assembly around the neck of a helmeted worker so that the microphoneopening was placed just below the lobe of the right ear (Figure B-4).This allowed the preamplifier to nestle in the hollow area of the neckbelow the worker's jaw and ear. Thus, there was no physical contact withthe hard surfaces of the helmet and no interference with the worker'sphysical movements. A 100-foot cable was led from the worker to theremaining equipment. A preliminary set of measurements was made at ADLusing rented abrasive blasting equipment in order to work out and establishthis procedure.
It was observed that breathing air to the helmet could causesubjectively high level noise. A measurement of this noise was made (inone instance) first, with the microphone positioned as described aboveand second, with the foam polyurethane windscreen in position over themicrophone. Readings taken with the A, B, or C-weighting scales or themeter in the flat (20 c) response mode indicate no difference in soundlevel between the two cases. Thus, the noise generated by supplyingbreathing air to the helmet is caused by jet turbulence at the air exitholes in the helmet and not by the wind-generated noise at the microphonesurface. Because of this, measurements were made without the windscreenunder the worker's helmet thus easing the equipment set up. Reported inthe data are those sound levels with breathing air only; that is, withouton-going blasting. Where appropirate, the windscreen was used when takingmeasurements at outdoor blasting facilities.
In the case of a nonhelmeted worker or cabinet type blasting operation,the microphone and preamplifier were hand held three to six inches fromthe operator's ear or just at the operator's station if appropriate.
In appropriate instances, sound level readings were made at locationsof other nearby workers, helpers, or observers to the blasting operation.
Background ambient readings also were made to insure that the levelsmeasured were due only to the blasting or to identify the source of thehigh noise level if the blasting was not the primary source.
B-8 -(::( u. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1974-657- 597/5516 Region No.5-II rl-9
