Appendix A Contents new manual(1).docx

7/27/2019 Appendix A Contents new manual(1).docx

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Maternal and Childhealth Advocacy International and the Advanced Life Support Group

INTERNATIONAL MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTHCARE: A PRACTICAL

TEXTBOOK FOR HOSPITALS WORLDWIDE

Editors:

Contents

INTRODUCTION How to use this textbook

SECTION 1: Essential systems of health care within the hospital

1. Hospital Management2. Ethical systems within the hospital3. Prevention of hospital acquired infection4. Basic nursing needs of patients

nursing sick children nursing pregnant women and girls

5. Morale, motivation, responsibilities and communication for hospital staff6. Continuing medical education for healthcare professionals7. Essential imaging facilities X-ray and ultrasound8. Essential operating theatre resources9. Essential drugs and equipment and their management10.Drug and fluid administration11.Safe blood transfusion practice12.Essential laboratory services13.Record keeping, history taking and examination of patients14.Basic and Advanced Life Support15.Principles of triage and the structured approach to the management of emergencies16.The structured approach to the seriously ill or injured pregnant women/girls, babies

and children

17.Intensive/high dependency care of the critically ill and injured18.Non-invasive respiratory support19.Pain control, including the management of opioid drugs20.Palliative care for the dying child21.Hospital issues regarding immunisation22.Recognition of the abuse of pregnant women/girls and children and the prevention of

further injury23.Facilities for children with special needs and learning difficulties24.Transport of ill patients

SECTION 2 Essential antenatal care for the hospital practitioner

SECTION 3: System or organ dysfunction in pregnancy


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The pregnant girl or woman presenting with a disorder of the airway or breathingo Heart failure

Rheumatic heart diseaseo Asthmao Lower respiratory tract infectiono Anaphylaxiso Pulmonary emboluso Amniotic fluid embolus

The pregnant girl or woman presenting with a disorder of the circulationo Severe anaemiao Shocko Severe dehydration

Severe gastroenteritis

The pregnant girl or woman presenting with diabetes mellitus

The pregnant girl or woman presenting with acute renal failure

The pregnant girl or woman presenting withneurological symptomsMeningitis or encephalitisTetanus

The pregnant girl or woman with a sexually transmitted disease

The pregnant girl or woman with HIV infection

The pregnant girl or woman subject to violence within the family

The pregnant girl or woman with malaria

The pregnant girl or woman with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia

SECTION 4: The pregnant girl or woman presenting with a complication of pregnancy

Presenting with abdominal pain

Early pregnancy

Obstetric and gynaecology related

Ovari an cyst Ruptu red ectopic pregnancyCoincidental

Acute appendiciti s Cystitis Acute pyelonephr iti s Peritonitis

Late pregnancy

Preterm labour Normal labour Placental abruption


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Ruptur ed uterus Chorio-amnionitis Pelvic abscess

Presenting with vaginal bleeding

Early pregnancy

Miscarriage

Threatened Silent Bl ighted ovum Incomplete Complete Inevitable

Molar pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

Vulvo-vaginal or cervical causes

Late pregnancy

Placental abruption Placenta praevia Ruptured uterus Vasa praevia

Presenting with fever during pregnancy

Gynaecological or obstetric related

Septic abortion Chorio-amnionitis Pelvic abscess

Coincidental

Cystitis Acute pyelonephritis Pneumonia Malaria Typhoid Hepatitis

SECTION 5: Normal labour and delivery and its management

SECTION 6: Complications of labour and delivery

Before birthObstructed labourShoulder dystocia


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Multiple pregnancy

Mal-presentations and mal-positions

Prolapsed cord

After birth

Inverted uterusPost partum haemorrhageRuptured uterus

SECTION 7: The pregnant girl or woman presenting with a complication of the post

delivery periodPuerperal sepsis

Endometritis

Breast infectionPost natal depressive illness

SECTION 8: Anaesthesia in pregnancy

SECTION 9: Resuscitation of the Newborn

Recognising at risk babies: environment or family

Preparation for birthManagement of delivery

Stabilising the term baby after birth

ABCDEF of resuscitation of the newbornAirway management

Trachea blocked

Breathing

Mask inflationMouth to mouth/nose

Preterm

CirculationDrugs

Acute blood loss

Umbilical venous catheterEnvironment

Family

Poor response to resuscitation

Decision to stop resuscitationDocumentation

SECTION 10: Clinical problems in the infant in the first month of life

General issues of healthcare for the newborn infantPreterm and low birth weight problems

Preventing infection

Temperature regulation-hypothermia and its preventionFeeding and Glucose management


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Fluid and electrolyte management

Oxygen treatment

Birth TraumaCommon congenital malformations

The baby born to the mother with diabetes

The baby born to the mother dependent on drugs and alcohol during pregnancy

Neonatal emergencies

Breathing problemsRespiratory distress syndrome

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn

Aspiration pneumonia

Bacterial pneumoniaPersistent fetal circulation

Pneumothorax

Congenital malformationsRecurrent apnoea

Neonatal infection

Diagnosis

Early v late onsetMeningitis

Antibiotic and other treatment

Skin, eye and mucous membrane infectionsSyphilis

HIV prevention

Neonatal bleedingJaundice

Causes and diagnosis

PhototherapyExchange transfusion

Late jaundice

AnaemiaFits, spasms and coma

Management of fits

Hypoglycaemia

MeningitisTetanus

Biochemical

Kernicterus

Inborn errors of metabolismBirth asphyxia

Drug related

Developmental disordersAnticonvulsant treatment


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Bowel emergencies

Oesophageal atresia

Trache-oesophageal fistulaNecrotising enterocolitis

SECTION 11: The child presenting with a system or organ dysfunction

11A The child presenting with an airway and/or breathing problem

Upper airway (difficulty breathing/stridor/cough)Croup

Epiglottitis

Diphtheria

AnaphylaxisForeign body in the upper airway-choking

Tonsillitis, otitis media and mastoiditis

Sleep related upper airway obstruction

Lower airway (difficulty breathing/cough)

Bronchiolitis

AsthmaPertussis

Foreign body in the bronchus

Lung (difficulty breathing/cough/fever)Very severe pneumonia

Severe pneumonia

Pneumonia (not severe)Cystic fibrosis

Congenital lung disorders

Pleural effusion and empyemaTB

Cardiac (difficulty breathing)

Heart failureCongenital heart disorders

Rheumatic heart disorders

Severe anaemia

Neurological (apnoea and hypoventilation)

11 B The child presenting with a circulatory problem C

Shock due to dehydration (diarrhea)

Shock due to infection

Bacterial sepsis

Dengue haemorrhagic feverSevere malaria


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Cardiogenic shockCongenital heart disorders

Cardiac arrhythmias

11 C The child presenting with a renal problem

Renal failureMedical Renal ProblemsVesico-Ureteric Reflux

11 D The child presenting with a liver problemAcute liver failure

Chronic Liver Disease

11 E The child presenting with an endocrine disorder

Diabetes mellitus

Adrenal insufficiencyHypoglycaemia

11 F The child presenting with a psychiatric disorderDepressionAcute psychosis

11 G The child presenting with a nutritional problemVitamin Deficiencies

Severe Malnutrition

11 H The child presenting with a hematological disorderAnaemia

Sickle Cell Disease

Haemolytic AnaemiasBlood Clotting Disorders

11 I The child presenting with a gastroenterological disorderAcute diarrhoea

Post-infectious persistent diarrhoea

Constipation

Inflammatory bowel diseaseGastrointestinal bleeding

Malabsorption and coeliac Disease

11 J The child presenting with an auto-immune disorderConnective Tissue Disorders

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

11 K The child with a malignancy


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11 L The child with an Eye Disorder Trachoma

11 M The child with a Neurological disorder

ComaEncephalitisEpilepsy-including status epilepticus

Neuropathies

Guillain-Barre SyndromeMuscular Dystrophies

Breath-Holding Spells

Migraine

Neurosurgical Disorders

11 N The child with an orthopaedic problem other than due to injury

11 O The child with a developmental disorders and/or learning difficulties

11 P The child with a skin disease

11 Q The child with a surgical disorder

SECTION 12: Infectious Diseases and individual infections affecting children

12 A BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Bacterial MeningitisSexually Transmitted Diseases

Botulism

BrucellosisBuruli ulcer

Campylobacter

ChlamydiaCholera

Diphtheria

Haemophilous Influenzae infections

LeprosyLeptospirosis

Meningococcal Disease

Pertussis

PlagueRelapsing fever (borrelia)

Shigellosis

Staphyloccocal infectionsStreptococcal Disease


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Tetanus

Tuberculosis

Typhoid and paratyphoid

12 B VIRAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND INFECTIONS

Chicken PoxDengueHepatitis

Herpes

HIV InfectionMeasles

Mumps

Poliomyelitis

Rabies Management and Prevention after Animal BitesViral Haemorrhagic Fevers

Yellow Fever

12 C INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PARASITES

Systemic protozoal infections

African Trypanosomiasis

LeishmaniasisMalaria

Toxoplasmosis

Intestinal Protozoal InfectionsAmoebiasis

Cryptosporidiosis

Giardiasis

Helminthic Protozoal Infections (worms)Cestodes (tapeworms)

Hydatid disease

Trematodes (flukes)Schistosmiasis

Nematodes (round worms)

AscariasisDracunculiasis (Guinea worm)

Enterobiasis (pin-worm)

Filiariasis (Elephantiasis)

HookwormLoa-Loa

Onchocerciasis

Trichionosis

Trichuriasis (whip worm)

Rickettsial DiseasesLyme diseaseScrub Typhus


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SECTION 13 Major injuries in pregnant women, pregnant girls and children

Accidents and their Prevention

Child Ill Treatment and Abuse

Domestic violenceFemale genital mutilationWounds and their management

Life-Threatening TraumaStructured approachPrimary survey ABCDE

Secondary surveyEmergency radiologyAnalgesia

Head InjuriesChest injuries

Tension pneumothorax

HaemothoraxAbdominal injuries

Electrocution

Fractures

Spinal Cord InjuriesLandmine Injuries

Gunshot Wounds

BurnsPoisoning

Envenoming

Drowning

Heat StrokeHypothermia

SECTION 14: Procedures

In both pregnant women and children

Hand washingPost operative Management

Basic nursing issues

Post operative complications

In childrenMeasuring nutritional status, growth and development in children

Restraining Children for Procedures

Giving InjectionsSampling Blood from Heel Pricks in Infants

Peripheral Venous Cannulation

Non-Invasive Ventilatory SupportInsertion of Oro/Nasogastric Tube


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Incision and Drainage of Abscess

Liver Biopsy

Abdominal ParacentesisLumbar Puncture

Central Venous Cannulation

Cut Down Venous CannulationUmbilical Vein CatheterisationExchange Transfusion

Physiotherapy for Respiratory Disorders

Intraosseous Needle InsertionIntraperitoneal Infusions

Emergency Thoracocentesis

Insertion of a Chest Drain

IntubationInsertion of an Emergency Surgical Airway

Defibrillation

Needle PericardiocentesisSupra-pubic Aspiration of Urine

Microscopy of the Urine

In pregnant women and girlsSafe urinary catheterization

Instrumental delivery:

VentouseForceps

Caesarean section

Episiotomy and its repair

Repair of cervical and vaginal tearsManual removal of placenta

Symphisiotomy

Destructive procedures

In major traumaChest drainCervical spine immobilisation

Log roll

15. APPENDIX

Fluid and electrolyte managementWHO Treatment Plan A for gastroenteritis:

Home therapy to prevent dehydration and malnutrition

Formulas and recipes for severely malnourished childrenExample of 24 hour food intake chart

Example of drug treatment chart for sick children

Example of care chart for sick children


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Example of monitoring chart

Example of care chart for neonatal unit

Example of treatment chart for neonatal unitMother's discharge advice card (WHO)

Estimating body surface area

WHO/NCHS reference weight for length and weight for height chartsExample of weight progress chart (WHO)Normal values for vital clinical signs and laboratory measurements

Clinical Tests for Brain Stem Death

Example of vital signs nursing chartExample of feeding and progress chart

Appendix A Contents new manual(1).docx

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