Appendix A Addresses of UK organizations

involved in aiding export development

Advertising Association 15 Wilton Road London SW1 V 1NJ

Association of British Chambers ofCommerce Sovereign House 212a Shaftesbury Avenue London WC2H 8EW

Association of International Courier and Express Services PO Box 10 Leatherhead Surrey KT22 OHT

Baltic Exchange St Mary Axe LondonEC3A

British Exporters Associations 16 Dartmouth Street London SW1H 9BL

British lmporters Confederation 3rd Floor KempHouse 152-160 City Road London EC1 V 2ND

Telephone: 071 828 2771

071 240 5831

0372 284 2953

071 623 5501

071 222 5419

071 490 7262

416 I LI ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ A __________________ ~

British International Freight Association Redfern House Browells Lane Feltharn, Middlesex

British Standards Institution (BSI) Linford Wood Milton Keynes MK146LE

Central Office of Information (COI) Hercules Road Westminister Bridge Road London SEI 7DU

Charnber of Shipping 2-5 Minories London EC3N lBJ

Chartered Institute of Marketing MoorHall Cookharn Maidenhead Berkshire

Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Centre Point 103 New Oxford Street London WClA lDU

Cotecna International Ltd Hounslow House 730 London Road Hounslow, Middlesex

Department of Trade and Industry -Export Central Licensing Organization Kingsgate House 66-74 Victoria Street London SWlE 6SW

Department of Trade and Industry -Fairs and Promotions Branch Dean Bradley House 52 Horseferry Road London SWlP 2AG

081 844 2266

0908 226888

071 928 2345

071 702 1100

0628 524922

071 379 7400

081 577 6000

071 215 8070

071 276 2414

L_ ___________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ A ____________________ ~I I 417

Department of Trade and Industry - Market Desk Kingsgate House 66-74 Victoria Street London SWlH 6SW

Exportmaster Ltd 33 St Peter's Street South Croydon CR2 7DG

Exports Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD) 2 Exchange Tower PO Box 2200 Harbour Exchange London E14 9GS

Freight Transport Association Ltd Hermes House Queens Avenue Clifton Bristol

Formecon Services Ltd Gateway Crewe Cheshire CWl lYN

HM Customs and Excise New Kings Beam House 22 Upper Ground London SE 1 9PJ

Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers 25 Bury Street London EC3A 5BA

Institute of Export Export House 64 Clifton Street London EC2A 4HB

International Maritime Organization (IMO) 4 Albert Embankment London SEI 7SR

London Chamber of Commerce and Industry 69 Cannon Street London EC4N 5AB

071 215 5336

081 6671816

071 512 7000

0272 731187

0270 500800

071 865 4711

071 283 1361

071 247 9812

071 735 7611

071 248 4444

418 I LI ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ A __________________ ~

P. & 0. Containers Ltd Beagle House Braham Street London E 1 8EP

Pira International Rawdalls Road Leatherhead Surrey KT27 7RU

Price W aterhouse Milton Gate 1 MoorLane London EC2V 9PB

Royal Mail International 52 Grosvenor Gardeos London SW1 W OAA

Simpler Trade, Procedures Board (SITPRO) Venture House 29 Glasshouse Street London WIR SRG

Technical Help for Exporters (The) British Standards Institution Linford Wood Milton Keynes MK14 6LE

Trade Indemnity 12-34 Great Eastern Street London EC2A 3A W

071 488 1313

0372 376161

071 939 3000

071 245 7938

071 287 3525

0908 220022

071 739 4311

Appendix B Publications for the UK

ABC -Air Cargo Guide. BOTB Annual Report. ECGD Annual Report. The Economist. European Focus (KPMG).

exporter

Exporters' Guide Comhined Transport, Bills of Lading and Documentary Credits (P. & 0. Containers). Exporting Today (Institute of Export Journal). Export Times. Freight Management. Freight News. Handy Shipping Guide. Hints to Exporters. Visitor' s Guide- Country Profile (DTI). lmporting Today. International Chamber of Commerce (reports/publications). International Freighting Weekly. Kellys Export Services. Lloyd' s List and Shipping Gazette. Merchant' s Guide (P. & 0. Containers). Overseas Trade (DTI). Overseas Trade Services- Guide to Export Services (DTI). Royal Mai/International Business Travel Guide. Setting up in Business in Overseas Market (DTI).

SITPRO Annual Report.

Various publications and handbooks on export practice and export finance are available (usually free) from the majorinternational banks, Lloyd's, Barclay's, National Westminister, Midland, Bank of Scotland etc.

Appendix C Export documents

Readers may wish to study documentation in greater depth, in which case they are recommended to read the companion volume Import/Export Documentation.

Forwarding Agent (Name and Address)

Marksand Nwnbers:

Wooden crates, cases

llrrl... Wooden pallets, Dunnage .. Packing: straw, rice hulis

and/or similar

Wooden contents excl. ltrrrr... Packing material

.. Alternative Packing Material

Port of Loading

Destination Containerbase

Number and type of pac:kqea including pacltina: groups, correct technical name EMS MFAG No's and description of goods (please Iist different commodities separatdy)

Total Number of Packages =

Nwnber of Containers =

DTI/IMO Commodity Code aa..

U.N. No. Flash Point

•(c) or Refrig. Temp.

Ouantity 2

Procedure Code

SIGNATURE:

Gross Weight (ltg)

Net Weight (kg)

ExtNo . or Dept.

Cube (M~)

FOB Value (C)

*SEE NOTES ON GOODS ARE ACCEPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION ON TliE TERMS OF CARRIER'S TARII:F RULES AND CONDITIONS. UK271A(li/H7) REVERSE OF SHIPPERS COPY OTHF.R SERVICES ARE KENDERF..D SUBJECT TO P&OCL(UK)'S APPUCABLE TRADrNG CONDITIONS.

Figure Cl Export cargo shipping instructions, general cargo (reproduced by permission of P. & 0. Containers)

~

~

~

~

~

~

L_4_2_2~~ ~~ _____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ c ____________________ ~ Bill of l.adiDJ for Combincd Treapan l.bipmtal or Port lo Part ahiptn!nl

js.i ... , B{L No. ......... ."., l!ipPH"• ttcr. :

Vcud ud \''"'· No.

''"' of Dl ........

Frrlf:kl ud CbrfH. (1Ddlcti1c- •bc-tkt prc-paW ot colkn):

Oo'tllai ............ OI.wt& .• ''' ••••••

Ortcllt,._... ~*-'"'Oo-." -.... -·-~ T---...~~.mn Q.rp ...

P&O Containers

ra.cc .r Rccd.P"t ~----~~- •• ~..-.-.-'11 ..... )

P~aec .r Dcu.n-, '-----·--·~..__ ... .....,

~"'lM~f~dlotSIII~bt.~ .... -*r ... ~iti.a(...._......_..IC ..... Mrn.) tM ..al....._.- ...-itJ el c:...Ia.n- .cMr ~-..lbl..aial~ ill Üll .... -..s-i•• ~ ---r.ca~ N..., ~ f'IICdtH.,. d.e: c.arrw"' ,., Carrlaf:t ......_ c. .u tl. tnWM Milli CM!Ik._. knotl (IN'CLUDING 1HB TEUIS AKD COSDmo. OS ntl! J.:EYEaSE HEHOf AXD 'nfE 1"EUlS AliD COmtn'IO!'\S Of THB CAIJUH'S A1PUC.U.U TAIUFF) ,,.. t..ltot Plarc flll ~pl • tll.l PWt .t u.;u.._ ~ Y ...,.tlullk. m t~. r..., ~-.._ ..._."' Dunouy. ~ • ~ a.&n u.Carriu arrucu tklhouy.ta.rC....- wtpa.l Bw., ~4iaJJ~tM111M ~.,. tk Mnd!IMI10 U.. Catrict M • Pwl el Dl.cMrp., u .... 4Ckt t.c.dM ~ l4 \lw Car~Wf_ Üec-ctp(Üiil tkliiW.tW'-a:tJI.t~~_,a-apu~~e..nib ~....._ ~ ..... ~~Mor ,n.tm. ... pn- ~-_._._--,...&a&.~.I..t: lM­UpiJit: .I tlW BW flll LM!.t Irr t..t. Mudi&M.

r.~=--~~=~-w-of~bow---------------------

l,"i•"f'noiU.SfiL!liof:~llottda~dlol...a-el~

...... .".....!R .... ~~-"'-wc.~--~

----------------------------------------------------1 lill Milltf(t) MIN ....._

080045

Figure C2 Bill of lading for combined Iransport in port-to-port shipment (reproduced by permission ofP. & 0. Containers)

L_ ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ c ____________________ ~\\ L __ 42_3~

I

MAERSK LI NE t J!lN N~.(iO rtAßL( SEI\ WAYDILL

- ~ ·,,·

CC'o•h•"" lf .. .... "..,.. Sldtl

......,,~.._....- .... ..._l - ... ._..._ c........-..-- ........... ---

,...,._..,.,.,..

kol),_,........,_ .......... , o.-.w ....,....,_ ...,.._

-~-

_., - : """-' ...... o.-.. .... ,....

-~- -~--PARTICULARS FURNISHED BY SHIPPER. MAUSl LI NE U.S. CUSTOMS CONTAINER BOND NO. IIT ll

... ~ .... --

~u!=..~!.. -:.:-::..~~= ~ ~~ ~=..-- ..... DtPtry oi1N .,.._ ... -. ... aotlllcault;-orluJifollllllclt'iMjjl

::;:c-~~ .,":.:'.!~ :"c~)'~Pd -~~~a, wiliKM ...

THE MAERSK COMPANY LIMITED

., ____________________ ___

"'' Figure C3 New negotiable sea waybill (reproduced by permission of Maersk Line and P. & 0 . Containers)

L_4_2_4~1 IL_ ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ c ____________________ ~ Noo-N,..Yblt Wtylrilllor CombiDed Daupon deipmnt or Port ll 1\xs ehimpnt

Vt!ätlaall Vof. No.

Above

MO'I'OM.III

fm.Mud CiiM'Ps{lMicaw:wllnMr pnpiW.«coiii'C1)::

~ .......... a.. ~T- ........ '\.Q,.""""""Q-.

~00408

Figure C3 (cont.)

,._,t.iiNo..

-w., - ·.w.,

P&.O Containers

PlKcflllllcot.,. ~...,..__.._ __ •• ~T-•~

Ao Apal(o) oaly.

rfr0Cl..WI141tl ( S)

L_ ___________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ c ____________________ ~l LI _4_2_5~

COHINHtN

"'"'""' _..., C:UIIHCAJI ·--::::.::... -----.. ----· --.. _ --·

...... COW\mo.vc~ IIGIII:ORMMJ. CCIOT_,. ............ ........ .. _ ..,....,._ --

OAHCE"ROUS COOOS Olc;v.AA"nnH. SHIPPIHO HOTl J COHTAINEAIVt.HICl.e P\IQUNQ CE.Allf'ICATE DANGEROUS GOODS NOTE , ' SITPRO 1991 ·- ----------,u'""•'"'-~""-.....- -- - --- ---- --rr:_f

~--k-- ---D:j·~-------rr.,

_r--·-··· L!..

-----------r:-IL!., .--~~; ,;;,;,~ --_ _: - --=-=-~ ---rJ ~~ _ · r_ .. ~~-=L- ~-- ~ .. ~ .... NU$1~~ ;

L!..~

~

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~ -~,~.~=~~------T7.~u+.:::~~~~~~~~~a~~~~~-~~~~~-:~-~--.-~--.-~-=:s--~------~

T4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~

!...!!. ~='c!!..~~ .. ...... -__, :-'~...... ltiWOMol ii!OOOt ·~ .._.._., ... __ _...,. ............ ,......_ , .......... ........... -·-----~--"'"'~---........... - ............... _............ I ,_ ___ ... .,__-.,_..,... ___ _ -~- .. --................. ......,_~ _ ___ ...,._ ___ ,__, ___ 1 ____ ""'

~-- ..... --..... ........ ---~- ... =-=:-::-~;:,-.~~ I _ ...... ~--er.-..·o- .. -..:. . .-. ___ .... __ __.,. ...... _,._., ."........,.. .......... ............. .,.

,.... _____ '"' "''"~ ", ..... =-=::,.:7'"""---'-=.::::;1r.:,..::T.::,e..:::_:::::::;;;:"." ... ~ .. :=..:;,:;:_::::----,~-:::,.:t:::..."'-"'::o=.:,:-~~-r:...,::+.::-=:."'':"=--,~r.::..,::-~

CI(IIC'IC.fJ CtliMIN-'I,.Mt;[ lll' f 1111< ......... ._--"1 ·~~""""•_....giMIIIII ........ ~"*K ... iiiiiiOft M ctiWIO AUl tiiOII'II'r 111(~

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CWW[""I$1GMAI~ .. ]_:1\M~~-=---- s,g,.u,_....,.". I tta ~ol....,lloo.on • • wo,.atot .. ......_... !;l'f.,.~~OO::-:=:-------------'.-;;;;;;öo"iiwsiii_iO_iiiO~=--.----------;,...;ru;,.,

Figure C4 Dangerous goods note (reproduced by permission of SITPRO)

426 I LI _____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ c ____________________ ~

Figure C5 Speedbird consignment note (reproduced by permission of British Airways)

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Appendix D Glossary of shipping and

international trade terms and abbreviations

AAA A/C Accepting house

ACL Act ofGod

Action plan

ADR

Ad valorem freight

Affreightment

Agent

Air waybill Aligned Export Documentation System

Association of Average Adjusters. Account current. Financial house, often a merchant banker, special­izing in financing foreign trade. Atlantic Container Line Agencies (UK) Ltd. Any fortuitous act which could not have been pre­vented by any amount of human care and fore­thought. A plan to identify each participant in a co­ordinated activity. European agreement on the international carriage of dangerous goods by road. Freight rate based on percentage value of goods shipped. A contract for the carriage of goods by sea for shipment expressed in charter party or bill of lading. One who represents a principal, or buys or sells for another. Air freight consignment note. Method whereby as much information as possible is entered in a 'master document' so that all or part of this information can be reproduced mechanically into individual forms of a similar design.

APPENDIXD 1 1 429 L-------------------------------------------------------~

AMT

ANF

Arbitration

ATAcamet

Athens Convention

Average bond

Average deposit

Back freight

BAF

Balance of trade

BIFA Bilateralism Bill of exchange

Bill of lading

Bill of sight

BIMCO

Air mail transfer - a remittance purchased by the debtor from his banker in international trade. Arrival notification form - advice to consignee of goods coming forward. Method of settling disputes which is usually bind­ing on the parties concerned. Admission temporaire. International Customs docu­ment to cover the temporary export of certain goods (comrnercial samples and exhibits for international trade fairs abroad and professional equipment) to countfies which are parties to the AT A Convention. Also covers the reimportation of such goods. International Convention governing carrier's liab­ility for passengers and their baggage by air. Bond in which cargo owners agree to pay their share in the general average losses, each contribu­tion being determined by the average adjuster. Cash security deposited by the consignee pending assessment of general average contribution. Freight (additional) incurred through cargo being returned from destination port, usually because its acceptance was refused. Bunker adjustment factor. Freight adjustment factor to reflect current cost of bunkers. Financial statement of balance of a country's vis­ible trade exports and imports. British International Freight Association. Trade between two countries. Written request from a creditor to a debtor ordering the debtor to pay a specified sum to a specified person or bearer at a certain date. Receipt for goods shipped on board a ship signed by the person (or his agent) who contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods are carried. Customs import form, used when importer cannot make Customs entry complete owing to insufficient information from the shipper. Baltic and International Maritime Council. A Copenhagen-based organization to which many shipowners belong that represents their interests and assists by preparing standard charter parties and other shipping documents and providing other advisory services.

430 I IL_ ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~

B/Lton

Blue Book

Bond

Bonded warehause

BOTB Box B/P Break-bulk cargo

Broken stowage

Bulk licence

Bulk unitization

CABAF

CAD CAF

CAP Cargo manifest Carrfwd CB ccc CCLN C&D CENSA

CFR

CFS

CHIEF

Bill of lading ton. The greater weight or measure­ment of goods where I ton is eilher 1000 kilos or 1 cubic metre. Also called Freight ton. Carriage of Dangerous Goods in Ships. The De­partment of Trade's requirements for dangeraus goods aboard British vessels or any vessels in British ports (largely refers to IMDG Code). Guarantee to Customs of specified amount of duty tobe paid. A place of security approved by HMC&E for the deposit, keeping and securing of goods liable to excise duty without payment of duty. British Overseas Trade Board. Colloquial name for a container. Bills payable. Goods shipped loose in the vessel's hold and not in a container. Space wasted in a ship' s hold or container by stowage of uneven cargo, that is, irregularly shaped consignments. Licence issued to manufacturers and exporters to cover their requirements for certain bulk quantity or period. Means to consolidate multiple packages or items into a single-load-device. Currency and bunker adjustment factor- a com­bination of CAF and BAF. Cash against documents. Currency adjustment factor - freight adjustment factor to retlect currency exchange tluctuations. Common Agricultural Policy. lnventory of cargo shipped. Carriage forward. Container base. Customs clearance certificate. Consignment note controllabel number. Collected and delivered. Council of European and Japanese National Ship­owners' Association. Cost and freight. A conventional/port-to-port Inco­term term of sale. Container freight station. Place for packing and unpacking LCL consignments. Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight.

L_ ___________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_~ __ D ____________________ ~I I 431

CI CIF CIM

CIP

Clean bill of lading

Closing date

CMI

CMR

C/N C/0 COGSA

COI Collector's office

Conference

Consignee

Consignor

Consul

COT

cou

C/P CPT

Consular invoice. Cost, insurance and freight. Convention international concernant le transport des marchandise par chemin de fer. International Convention on carriage of goods by rail. Carriage and insurance paid to. A combined trans­poft Incoterrn. A bill of lading which has no superimposed clause( s) expressly declaring a defective condition of the packaging or goods. Latest date cargo accepted for shipment by (liner)shipowner for specified sailing. Comite Maritime International - an international committee of maritime lawyers. Convention relative au contrat de transport inter­national des marchandise par route. International Convention on carriage of goods by road. Consignment note. Certificate of origin or cash with order. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act. In the UK the 1924 version (Hague Rules) now superseded by 1971 version of the Hague-Visby Rules. Central Office of Information. Customs accommodation where declaration(s) (entries) are scrutinized and amounts payable collected. Organization whereby number of shipowners often of different nationality offer their services on a given sea route on conditions agreed by members. Name of agent, company or person receiving consignment. Name of agent, company or person sending con signment (the shipper). Commercial representative of one country residing officially in another whose duties are to facilitate business and represent the merchants of bis nation. Customer's own transport. Customer collects frorn/delivers to CFS/CY or other specified point. Clip on unit portable refrigeration units, or Central operating unit - body set up to co-ordinate consor­tium operations in a trade. Charter party. Carriage paid to. A combined transport Incoterrn.

432 I LI _____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~

CRN

csc CT

CTD CTL CTO

Customs clearance

CWE

DIA DAF

DDA DDP

DDU

Dead freight

Deferred rebate

Dei credere

Delivery order

Dernurrage

DEQ

DES

Detention

Customs registered number. A number allocated by Customs and Excise to an exporter or agent (freight forwarder) for use when exports are to be enteredunder SCP. Container Safety Convention. Combined transport. Carriage by more than one mode of transpoft against one contract of carriage. Combined transpoft document. Constructive totalloss. Combined transport operator. A carrier who con­tracts as a principal to perform a CT operation. Process of clearing import/export cargo through Customs examination. Cleared without examination. Cleared customs without inspection. Deposit account. Delivery at frontier. An Incoterm applicable to all modes of transport. Duty (Customs) deferment account. Delivered duty paid. An Incoterm applicable to all modes of transport. Delivered duty unpaid. An Incoterm applicable to all modes of transport. Space hooked by shipper or charterer on a vessel but not used. System whereby shippers are granted a rebate on freight for consistent exclusive patronage over a given period. Agent/broker guarantee to principal for solvency of person to whom he sells goods. A document authorizing delivery to a nominated party of goods in the care of a third party. It can be issued by a carrier on surrender of a bill of lading and then used by merchant to transfer tittle by endorsement. Charge raised for detaining cargo/FCL container/ trailer/ship for Ionger period than prescribed. Delivered ex-quay. A conventional port-to-port lncoterm of sale. Delivered ex-ship. A conventional port-to-port Incoterm of sale. Charge raised for detaining container/trailer at customer's premises for Ionger period than pre­cribed in the tariff.

~--------------------A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~I I 433

DGN Dis Discount market

D/N D/0 Doc credit

DIP DTI

Dunnage

Dutiable cargo

DWT EC ECE

ECGD ECSI

ECU

EDI

EDIFACT

EDISHIP

EDP EEA

EFfA EHA

EIS

Dangerous goods note. Discount. Process of selling and buying bills of exchange and Treasury bills and providing a market for short­bonds. Debit note. Delivery order. Documentary credit. The basis of international trade by means of which payment is made against surrender of specified documents. Documents against payment. Direct trader imput. Procedure for Customs entry clearance. Wood, mats, etc. used to facilitate stowage of cargo. Cargo which attracts some form of duty, that is, Customs and Excise, or V AT. Dead-weight tonnage. European Community. Economic Commission for Europe - a UN eco­nomic body. Export Credits Guarantee Department. Export Cargo Shipping Instruction - shipping instructions from shipper to carrier. European Currency Unit. A financial unit used for EC accounting. Electronic data interchange. The transfer of struc­ured data from one computer system to another. EDI for Administration, Commerce and Transport. Organization responsible to UNECE for the devel­opment of standard EDI messages for administra­tion, commerce and transport. An organization for exchanging data between car­riers and merchants by electronic means. Electronic data processing. European Economic Area. Combination of EC/ EFfA. European Free Trade Area. Equipment handover agreement. Agreement ac­knowledging condition signed when taking over carriers' equipment and returning it, which incor­porates terms of contract under which equipment is taken over. Export lntelligence Service.

434 I IL_ ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~

EPU

ESC ETA ETC

ETD Exchange rate Export house

Export licence

Exporter's acceptance credit

EXW

Factoring

PAK

PAS

FCA

FCL FC&S

Feeder vessel

FFI FlO

Entry Processing Unit. Customs office that pro­cesses Customs entries. European National Shippers' Councils. Estimated time of arrival. Electronic trade credits. An idea being developed by the EDI banking interest section to facilitate an EDI alternative to Doc credits. Estimated time of departure. Price of one currency in terms of another. An export merchant responsible for buying goods outright and selling them on their own account; acting as an export department or agent on behalf of a client; or acting for an overseas buyer. Government-issued document authorizing export of restricted goods. Credit opened by an exporter with bis own bank which entitles the exporter to draw bills on bis own banker. An Incoterm whereby the seller (exporter) under­takes to make the goods available at the specified premises, i.e. factory/warehouse. The buyer (im­porter) bears the full cost and risk of the goods from the point of acceptance at the specified pre­mises until they reach their destination thereby par­ticularly embracing insurance and freight charges. Company which administers the sales ledger and collects payments on behalf of an exporter once the goods have been shipped. Freight all kinds. Term used to show that the freight rate charged is not based on the individual com­modity, but freight all kinds. Free alongside ship. A conventional/port-to-port only Incoterm of sale. Free carrier (named points). Combined transport lncoterm. Full container load. Free of capture and seizure - insurers are not res­ponsible if the ship or goods are seized by a foreign power. A short sea vessel used to fetch and carry goods and containers to and from deep-sea vessels opera­ting on basis of hub and spoke concept. For further instructions. Free in and out. Cargo is loaded and discharged at no cost to the shipowner.

~----------------AP_P_END __ ~ __ D ______________ ~I I 435

FlO & stowed

Fixture

Floating exchange rates Floating policy

FOB

Forwarder's bill of lading Forwarder's certificate ofshipment

Forwarder's delivery order

Forwarder's receipt

FPA

Freight

Freight ton FSR

G!A GATT

GCA Graupage

Graupage agent

GV Heterogeneaus cargo

Free in and out. Cargo is loaded as a charge to the shipper including stowage, and discharging ex­pense borne by the receiver. Conclusion of shipbroker's negotiations to charter a ship. Currency rate which varies according to world trade distortions and not subject to exchange control. Cargo policy which underwrites series of consign­ments declared. Free on board. A conventional/port-to-port only Incoterm. A bill of lading issued by a freight forwarder.

A document issued by a freight forwarder certifying that the goods have been shipped on a named ves­sel or service. A document issued by a freight forwarder author­izing the entitled party to deliver the goods to a party other than the consignee shown on the consignment note. A document issued by a freight forwarder which provides evidence of receipt of the goods. Free of particular average - insurers not respons­ible for partial loss claims with certain exceptions. Amount payable for the carriage of goods or a description of the goods conveyed. Tonnage on which freight is charged. Free of strikes and riots - marine insurance policy clause. General average. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. An international multilateral agreement embodying a code of practice for fair trading in international commerce. Gold clause agreement. Consolidation of several consignments into one overall consignment by air, road or sea usually under freight forwarder's sponsorship. One who consolidates, for exarnple, LCL consign­ments to offer a carrier as an FCL. Also applicable to air and road transport. Grande vitesse - fast rail merchandise service. Variety of cargoes.

436 I IL_ ___________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_Ix __ o __________________ ~

High stowage factor H/L HagueRules

Hague-Visby Rules Harnburg Rules HMC HMC&E IATA IBAP ICAO ICB ICD IMDGCode

IMO INCOTERMS

lndemnity Individuallicence

Inherent vice

Inland clearance depot Invisible exports

IRU

ISO

Jus disponendi (Latin) LASH

Cargo which has a high bulk to low weight relation­ship, e.g. hay. Heavy lift. 1924 International Convention of Carriage of Goods by Sea. 1968 Revision of Hague Rules. 1978 UNCT AD Revision of Hague Rules. Her Majesty's Customs. Her Majesty's Customs and Excise. International Air Transport Association. Intervention Board Agricultural Produce. International Civil A viation Organization. International Container Bureau. Inland clearance depot. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. The IMO recommendation for the carriage of dan­gerous goods by sea. International Maritime Organization. International Rules for the interpretation of trade terms. A list of 13 standard trade terms for foreign trade contracts compiled by ICC. Compensation for loss/damage or injury. Licence issued for one particular import/export consignment. A defect or inherent quality of the goods or their packing which of itself may contribute to their de­terioration, injury, wastage and final destruction, without any negligence or other contributing causes. Customs cargo clearance depot.

Income from exports embracing tourism, net ship­ping and air receipts, foreign investments, banking and insurance. International Road Transport Union. Based in Geneva, its role is to develop national and inter­national transport. International Standards Organization. International organization of national standards bodies respons­ible, inter alia, for setting standards for container construction. Law of disposal.

Lighter aboard ship.

L_ ____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~I I 437

L/C

LCL

LEC

Letter of hypothecation

Letter of indemnity

LIC

Liner

Linerterms

LLMC

LNG LO/LO

Loading broker

Low stowage factor

Lump sum freight

Manifest Marketrate

Mate' s receipt

MCD

Letter of credit - document in which the terms of a documentary credit transaction is set out. Less than container Ioad - a parcel of goods too small to fill a container which is grouped by the carrier at the CFS with other compatible goods for the same destination. Local export control - a system of clearing goods/ containers/trucks at exporter's premises. Banker's document outlining conditions under which international transactions will be executed on exporter's behalf, the latter having given certain pledges to bis banker. A document indemnifying the shipowner or agent from any consequences, risk or claims which may arise through 'clean' bills of lading being irregu­larly issued. Local import control - a system of clearing goods/ containers/trucks at importers' premises. Vessel plying a regular trade/defined route against a published sailing schedule. Freight includes the cost of loading into and dis­charging from the vessel. International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims- a 19761imitation convention enacted in the UK by the Merchant Shipping Act 1979. Liquefied natural gas - type of vessel. Lift on/lift off. A container ship onto which and from which containers are lifted by crane. Person who acts on behalf of Iiner company at a port. Cargo which has low bulk to high weight relation­ship, e.g. steel rails. Remuneration paid to shipowner for charter of a ship, or portion of it, irrespective of quantity of cargo loaded. List of goods/passengers on a vessel/aircraft/truck. Rate charged by brokers, discount houses, joint stock banks and other market members for discount­ing first-class bills. Document issued to the shipper for ship's cargo loaded from lighterage and later exchanged for bill oflading. Miscellaneous cash deposit.

438 I LI _____________________ A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~

M'dise Measurement ton MMO MT

Negotiable bill of lading Notify Party NSSN NVOC NVOCC

OBO 0/C OECD

0/H

Opencover

OOG

Overvalued currency

0/W

P & I Club

Per pro PIRA (International)

P!L POA

POD

Merchandise. A cubic metre. Multi-modal operater. Mail transfer - a remittance purchased by the debtor from his banker in international trade, or an empty container. One capable of being negotiated by transfer or endorsement. Party to whom arrival notification form is sent. National Standard Shipping Note. Non-vessel-owning/operating carrier. Non-vessel-owning/operating common carrier. A carrier issuing bills of lading for carriage of goods on vessels which he neither owns nor operates. Oil bulk ore carriers - multi-purpose bulk carriers. Overcharge. Organization for European Co-operation and Development. Overheight. A container or trailer with goods pro­truding above the unit profile. A cargo insurance agreement covering all ship­ments of the assured for a period of time, subject to a cancellation clause and a Iimit to the amount insured in any one ship. Other conditions include a classification clause. Out of gauge. Goods whose dimensions exceed those of the truck or container in which they are stowed. Currency whose rate of exchange is persistently below the parity rate. Overwidth. A container or truck with goods pro­truding beyond the sides of truck/container/flat rack onto which they are stowed. Protection and Indemnity Association. Carrier's mutualliability insurer. On behalf of. Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries. Partial loss. Place of acceptance- where the goods are received for transit and carrier's liability commences. Place of delivery where the goods are delivered and carrier's liability ceases, or proof of delivery­a signed receipt acknowledging delivery.

~-------------------A_P_P_E_N_D_IX __ D ____________________ ~I I 439

Poincare Franc

POR

Pre-entered

Principal carrier

PtoP Rebate Receiving date

Reefer Removal note RN

Ro/Ro SAD SCP

SDR

Shipper Shipping invoice Shut out

Sine die (Latin) SITC

SITPRO Slot

Fictitious gold franc originally used, amongst other things, to assess carrier's liability in an inflation­proofed manner in Hague-Visby Rules. Now largely replaced by SDRs. Place of receipt- where the goods are received for transit and carrier's liability commences. Process of Iodging with Customs appropriate docu­mentation for scrutiny prior to cargo Customs clearance and shipment. The carrier issuing a combined transport document regardless of whether or not goods are carried on bis own, a third party's or a consortium member's vessel. Port to port. An allowance made as discount on an account/rate. Date from which cargo is accepted for shipment for specified sailing. Refrigerated. Confirms goods clear of customs. Releasenote- receipt signed by customer acknowl­edging delivery of goods. Roll-on/roll-off- a vehicular ferry service. Single administrative document. Simplified clearance procedure, under which ex­porters of goods not requiring special control may submit an abbreviated Customs pre-entry or an approved commercial document at the · time of export and provide the full statistical information after the goods are exported. Special drawing rights. The mean of a basket of currencies designed to lessen currency exchange fluctuations in international valuations. Currently used to express Iimitation in the Hague-Visby Rules and MSA Limitation Convention. The person tendering the goods for carriage. Document giving details of merchandise shipped. Cargo refused shipment because it arrived after closing date. Indefinitely - without a day being appointed. Standard International Trade Classification -method of classifying all types of goods used in tariff. Simpler Trade Procedures Board. Space on board a vessel occupied by a container.

440 I I SOB

SR&CC

SSN Stale bill of lading

Straight bill of lading

Stuffing/stripping Subrogation

TAN Tariff terms TCM TEU

THE

TIR

T/L Tramp

Transferable credit

Transshipment entry

Trucking

TT

TTO

UCP

ULCC ULD

APPENDIXD

Shipped on board - endorsement on bill of lading confirming loading of goods on vessel. Risks of wars, strikes, riots and civil commotions. A clause found in marine insurance. Standard Shipping Note. In banking practice, a bill of lading presented so late that consignee could be involved in difficulties. An American term for a non-negotiable bill of lad­ing, i.e. waybill governed by the US Pomerene Act. The action of packing/unpacking a container. Process of substituting one person for another in marine insurance matters in which the latter inherits the former's rights and liabilities. Transit advice note. Conditions and scale of charges. Draft convention on combined transport. Twenty ft equivalent unit- container measurement, i.e. 1 x 40ft = 2 TEU; 1 x 20ft = 1 TEU. Technical Help to Exporters- service of the Brit­ish Standards Institution. Transport International Routier. Bond conditions under which containerized/vehicular merchandise is conveyed internationally under the Convention. Totalloss. Vessel engaged in bulk cargo or time chartering business, i.e. not a Iiner vessel. One which may be transferred by the first beneficiary. Customs entry for cargo imported for immediate re-exportation. Movement of containers, trucks between terminals and CFSs/CY s. Telegraphie transfer. A remittance purchased by the debtor from bis banker in international trade. Through transport operator. A carrier who con­tracts to carry goods ( only part of which carriage he undertakes himself) on the basis that he is a principal whilst the goods are in bis personal care, and as agent only whilst they are not. Uniform Customs and Practice of Documentary Credits. Ultra large crude carrier. Unit Ioad device.

~----------------AP_P_EN_D_~ __ D ______________ ~I I M1

UN UNCITRAL

UNCON

UNCTAD

UNCTADMMO. Undervalued currency

Unit Ioads Vienna Convention

VLCC WA Warranty

Waybill

WPA York Antwerp

United Nations. United Nations Commission on International Trade andLaw. Uncontainerable goods. Cargo which because of their dimensions cannot be containerized and which are therefore carried other than in a container. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCT AD Multi-modal Transport Convention. Currency whose rate of exchange is persistently above the parity. Containerized or palletized traffic. A 1980 United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of Goods which came into force on 1 January 1988. Very large crude carrier. With average. An implied condition, express guarantee or nego­tiation contained in marine insurance policy. A receipt for the goods and evidence of the con­tract of carriage but not a document of title. With particular average. Rules relating to the adjustrnent of general average.

NB: Readers are also recommended to study the Dictionary of Shipping: International Trade Termsand Abbreviations (3rd edn), 1986 (9000 entries) (see further reading.)

Further reading

Branch, A.E. (1984). Dictionary ofCommercial Termsand Abbreviations (6000 entries), Witherby, London.

Branch, A.E. (1986). Dictionary of Shippingllnternational Trade Termsand Abbreviations (9000 entries). Witherby, London.

Branch, A.E. (1986). Elements of Port Operation and Management (1st edn). Chapman & Hall, London.

Branch, A.E. (1988). Economics of Shipping Practice and Management (2nd edn). Chapman & Hall, London.

Branch, A.E. (1988). Dictionary of English-Arabic Shippingllnternational Tradel Commercial Termsand Abbreviations (4400 entries). Witherby, London.

Branch, A.E. (1989). Elements of Shipping (6th edn). Chapman & Hall, London (also available in Spanish).

Branch, A.E. (1989)./mport/Export Documentation. Chapman & Hall, London. Branch, A.E. (1990). Dictionary of Multi-lingual Commercial/lnternational Tradel

Shipping Terms in English - French - German - Spanish (over 10000 entries). Witherby, London.

Branch, A.E. (1990). Elements of Export Marketing and Management (2nd edn). Chapman & Hall, London.

Branch, A.E. (1990). Elements oflmport Practice. Chapman & Hall, London. Schmitthof, C.M. (1990). The Export Trade (9th edn). Sweet and Maxwell, London. Watson, A. (1992). Finance of International Trade (3rd edn). Chartered Institute of

Bankers, London.

Index

Abbreviated entry-customs 171 Acceptance credits 218 ACP 17, 90, 162 Actualloss (cargo insurance) 183 ADR 105,148 Advotorem rates l 05 Advantages

containerization 53-5 currency options 239-41 international air transport 34-6 international trade 2,3 Liner Conferences 364

Advising Bank 324 AFC 169 Aftersales service 255, 370 Agency agreement 372-4 Agents and distributors 368-74 Airfreight

consolidation 34, 96-8, 263 dangerous cargo classification 140, 141 dangerous cargo trade 131, 132 market division 33-4 market forecast 37-8, 38-9 rates 9I-8, I03-6

Air freighters 36-7 Airstream packets (RMI) I 07 Airstream services (RMI) I 07 Airtransport (international) 33-9

disadvantages 39-42 Air waybilli42-7, 216, 26I-4 ALAD 12 Albania 11 Aligned export documentation procedure

367 All risk 187-91,215,216 Aluminiumtransport/storagecontainers II8

Analysis of Air Freight Consolidation 96-8 dangerous cargo classification I40, 141 dangerous cargo trade 131, 132 Incoterms I990 299,300

Antiques, rates 105 Arab British Chamber of Commerce 280 ASEAN I, 6, 14, 76 Asian Pacific Region 2, 6-9, 76 ATA carnets 167 ATR documents 162 Audit

of carrier 406 offreight forwarder 406

Aval, trade finance 227

Back to back credits 217 BAF88 Bags 117 Balanceoftrade and balance of payments 4,

5,248 Baling 117 Baltic Exchange 96, 103,282,352, 353 Bangkok, port of32, 35 Bank presentation of export documents,

check Iist 321-6 Banker's draft 211 Banking operations 229 Bar codes 264 Bare boat charter party 280, 281 Barratry 183 BarreH Landler fork Iift truck 128 Barrels 1I7 Barter or compensation trade 221 Basket ofcurrencies 235 Benefits EDI 340, 341

~ IL_ ________________________ ~ ___ E_x_

Benefits of computerized export depart-ment. 327, 328

Berne Union 207 BIFA 380, 381 BIFFEX 353-5 BIFFEX index 354--5 Bill ofExchange 212, 216, 218, 227, 264,

265 Act 1882 204

Bill ofLading 214,215,265-78 Act 1855 265

BIMC0282 Bloodstock rates 105 Blue book 135 Boeing 737 50

200C 244 combi 362 freighter 3 7

Bond deposits and guarantees 156--9 Boom fork Iift truck 128 BOTB 355, 356, 360 Box pallet 75 Boxrate 105 Boxes 117, 118 Breakbulk 130, 270 British Importers Confederation 355 British Railways 44--51 British Shippers Council 356--8 British Standards Institution, Technical

Help to Exporters 358, 359 Broken stowage 121, 249 Brussels Protocol267 BS 5750 359, 380-2, 395 BSI library 359 Bulgaria ll Bulk

air mail l 06--l 0 licence 287 liquid bag 118 liquid container 118

Bunker surcharge 88 Bureau Veritas 290 Bureau Veritas Quality International382 Business Portfolio Club (RMI) 109, 110 Buyback 221 Buyer's market 407 Buyer's portfolio 406

CAA 140 Cabotage 94 CACM 12 CAF 86, 89, 231

Calculating the SDR 232-4 Cambodia 7, 8 Canals/inland waterways 30-3

freight rates 98, 99 CAP 168, 169 Car transporter wagons l 00 Carboys 118 Cargo

claims 251 dangerous 130-50 dues 88 fallout 127 fragility 114 fundamentals l 7 6--81 handling equipment 120-9 insurance 172-96,215,216,251

factors determining premiums 185, 186

Iiners 73, 74 manifest 131 marking 116 packing lll-27

factors influencing types of 111-27 policy and certificate 278, 279 policy form and clauses 182-5 premiums 87 principles 176--81 rating 185-91 size/weight packaging strategy 114, 115 stowage 112, 121-9

factors to consider 121-9 symbols (international) 116 wagon 45-7, 100

Cargolux Airlines Intemational37 CARICOM 12 Camets ATA 167 Camets TIR 69, 121, 145 Carriage of Goods

by Air Act 1962 199,262 by Road Act 1965 196 by Sea Act 1924 265-9 by Sea Act 1971 265-7 by Sea Act 1992 265-7, 2 77

Carriage oflivestock 93, 106 Cartons 118 Case study

currency surcharge 89, 90 districentres 112, 400,401 EDI ship sea land 350, 351 EDI Singapore 340, 341 freight rate 86, 10 l, 102 freight rates strategy 257-9

INDEX

global freight EDI 34S-SO logistics 2S9, 260 TDA2S6,267

Cash flow 218,219,239 Cash on delivery 283 Categories ofnon-containerable cargo 66-9 CBM 102, 103 CCT S procedure 170 CDV 279,280 CEFICIEDI 344 Central and Eastem Europe 9-12 Certificate of origin 279 Certificate of shipment 280 CFA 13 CFR 21 S, 302, 30S CFS 77,247 Chamber of Shipping 27S, 282, 360 Chambers of Commerce 286 Channe1Tunnel43-Sl, 100 Characteristics of international transport

modes29-78 Charges forward 9S Charterparty 280-3, 3S2, 3S3 Chartered shipbrokers 374, 37S Chartering 8S, 250 Check Iist

presentation of documents to the bank 321-6

receipt of export order 314-18 Checkpointsexportorder acceptance 315,

316 CHIEF 1S3, 171 Cheque debtors 211 CIF 177-9,214, 30S, 306 CIM note 161, 21S, 288 CIP 248,301,311,312 CIS 10, 12 CITOS 77 Claims 122, 190-4 Claims prevention 122, 194-6 Classification rates 92 Claused bill oflading 270 Clean bill 213 Clean bill oflading 270 Clean report offindings 290-3 Closing date 317, 319 Clubs, export 376,377 Cluster market, distribution 402 CMR 196-8, 283, 284

consignment note 21 S convention 196-8 liability 196-8, 283, 284

Coasters 33 COD9S Collecting bank 212 Collection/delivery charge 87, 88 Collector 2S8 Colombo Plan 12 Combi carrier 73 Combined transport

Bill ofLading 271 documents 271 operation 36

COMECON 10, 14,43 Commentary on Inco terms 1990 300-12 Commercial

invoice 28S, 286 risk export credit insurance 200 samples 167

Commission (freight forwarders) 87 Commission (insurance agents) 178 Commodities (air freight) requiring special

packaging (dangerous) 147, 148 Commodity box rate lOS Commodity rates 92, 1 OS Common

customs tariff 17S short form

bill oflading 218,219,274-8 sea waybi11274-8

Commonwealth 12, 13 Community transit 1S2-4, 1S8, 1S9, 169,

170 Company resources 396 Company strategy IPD 39S-407 Compensation and harter trade 221 Competition and state subsirlies 391, 392 Composition ofECU 234, 23S Computerization 327-S2 Computerized export department 327-38 Concessionaires 37S Confirmed irrevocable letters of credit 214 Confirming houses 37S, 376 Confederation ofBritish lndustry 360 Consignment stocks 370 Consignment trade 228 Consolidation air freight 86, 40 1 Conso1idation air freight analysis 96-8 Consortia 376 Constituents

of export/import processing 397, 340 of the freight rate 8S-90 ofthe single market 386, 387

Constructive tota1loss 183

~ l~ ________________ mn __ Ex ________________ ~ Consular fees 323 Consular invoice 286 Container

ports 53 rates (maritime) 101-6 specifications 56--60 stowage 122-6 types 59-62, 100

Container base 62, 63 Containerization 52-75,79--83, 113 Containerization (non) cargo 64-9 Contingent interest 177 Contract of affreightment, terms of delivery

295-312 Controls, export 160 Convention on the contract for international

carriage of goods by road 283, 284 Cooperation Council for the Arab States of

the Gulf13 Corporation ofLloyds 173-5 Correspondents bank 212 Cost of capital tied up (in transit) 252, 257 Cost of transport and importance of speed,

frequency, reliability and quality of service 243-8

Cost oftransport service 243-8 COTIF/CIM 198, 199 Counter purchase 220, 221 Counter trade 220--4

markets 222-4 types 220--4

Courier rates 94, 95 Courier service 33-4, 35, 94 Cover ECGD 205--7 Covernote 215,216, 278,279 Crane jib, fork Iift truck 129 Crates 118 Credit

acceptance 218 back to back 217 clubs international 383 deferred payment 219 documentary 213-16 finance supplier 207 insurance 200-7 red clause 217 revolving 217 stand by, letters of credit 219, 220 transferable 216,217

CRN 163-5 Currency

advantages 239-41 case study 89, 90 options 239-41 surcharge 89,90

Customs barriers, elimination EC 387 broker 378 clearance 87, 96

agent378 charges 96

duty 87, 159, 169 invoice 286 planning 400,412-14 practice 151-72 pre-entry 128 reliefs 166, 167 tariffs 169 VAT 152-6,254,337 warehousing 167

DAF 308-10 Dangerous air freight commodities requir­

ing special packaging 147, 148 Dangerous cargo 105, 130-50,250,409

air acceptance check Iist 96, 143-7 by air 94, 138-48 by raill49, 150 by road 148, 149 by sea 133-9 rate 105

Dangerous goods acceptance (air freight) check Iist 143-7 classification by international road

transport 149 note 142-7, 161

Danzas 259, 260 DDU 310 Dead freight 105 Decision making process IPM strategy 407-9 Decline ofliner conferences 366 Defeasible interest 177 Deferred payment credits 219 Dei credere agent 371 Delivery, cöllection charge 87, 88 Delors report 238 Demise charter party 280-3 Dernurrage 88 Deposits, bonds and guarantees 156--9 Deposits SDR 233 DEQ 307,308 DES 306,307

INDEX

Developing countries 223 Development ofmultimodalism 80, 81 DHL 3--4 Direct marketing 406 Disbursements 87,95 Discrepancies in bills oflading 273, 274 Discrepancies relating to processing in-

voices under L/Cs 287 Distant markets 398 Distribution case study 280-3 Distributioncentres 75,401,402 Distributors and agents 369-74 Districentres 82, 112,400,401

case sturlies 112,400, 401 Distripark 75, 80, 247, 399 Dock receipt 284 Documentary credits 213-16, 219 Documentation

delays in processing 326, 327 export 363-96 and procedure for export 297-338

Documents against payments 212, 213 Double decker wagons 50 Double stacked container trailers 76 Double stacked container trains 49, 86 Down time 91 DDP 310 Drum handler fork Iift truck 129 Drums 117 Dryport 49, 69, 70 Dubai, seaport 36, 37, 77, 86 Dunnage 122 Duty preference and origin 167, 168

EAN - COM 344, 345 East European markets 223 Eastem and Central European markets 9-12 EC 76, 266, 385-94 EC certificate of origin 280 EC sales Iist 337 EC strategy 385, 393, 394 ECI 163-5 ECGD205-7

cover205-7 credit insurance 205-7 facilities at a glance 205

ECOWAS 13 ECU 234--42

basket of currencies 234, 236 financing currency 237 hedging currency 237, 238 investrnent currency 237

roles 237,238 trading currency 237

EDI 71, 80,245,277, 311, 327-37, 339-51 benefits 340, 341 Board, Western Europe 341, 342 case study

global freight 345-51 Singapore 340, 341 strategy 339, 340, 407

fact 363 UN standards, development and main­

tenance 341--45 EDIS 345 EDISHIP, case study 349, 350 EEA 168, 393, 394 EFTA 6, 168 Electronic mail 349 Empathy, strategy 407 EMS 235--42 Entry processing unit 380 Essentials and roJe of transport system 29-30 Euro brand product 386-8 Euro pallet 112 European

Central Bank 238 channel tunnel freight schedules 51 currency unit 234--42 monetary system 235--42 rail network 44-51 rail transporter 4 7 standards 387, 388 trailer network 40--43

Euro-terminals (rail) 45-8 Euro tunnel43-51, 100, 250 Evaluating suitability oftransport modes of

an international consignment 248-52

Evergreen (shipping line) 244, 245 Evidence accounts, counter trade 222 Exchange permit 285 Exchange rate

mechanism 241, 242 speculation 229 stabilization 230

Exchange risk 41 0 Export

Buying Offices Association 384 cargo shipping instructions 285, 422 clubs 376, 377 contract 312-14 controls 160 cost schedule 297-338

~ IL___~_ INDEX

Export ( continued) credit insurance 200-7

cornmercial risk 200 indernnity 202 policy conditions 203 political risk 200-l rationale 202, 202 recoveries/suhrogation 202 short term 203, 204 types of policy 204--6

customs practice 151-72 declarations 87, 96 department, computerized 327-38 documentation 261-94

procedure and functions 160-5, 348,349

facilitation organizations 350-66 finance 208-42 freight agent 378 houses 377, 378 import payments 209, 211-13 import prices 209-11 institute, of382, 383 invoice 285, 286 invoicing 285-7 licensing 287, 288 management agency 3 71 manager 19-24 market research 26, 27 marketing manager 20-6 master

export software 333-8 operators flow chart 332 transaction cycle 331

merchant 219, 377 office 19-26

order

computer unit, data hase and operational modules 347

organization and structure 19-26 roleof18, 19

processing thereof20, 22, 297-338

receipt thereof 3 14--18 policy and records 26--8 quotation module 328 sales contract 248, 312-14 sales manager 20 sales office 19, 20 shipping mark 129 specialist roJe 369-84

Expressair freight services 33, 34--5, 105

Express handling units 94 Ex works 310

Factoring 218,219,224,225 Faith, good 179 FAK rate 105 FAS 300 Fast moving market 395 FCA 248,311 FC&S clause 184 FCL 50, 60, 70, 79, 101, 112, 274 FCR280 FCT 281 FEDEX33 Feeder sea ports 115, 399 Feederservices 31 Feeder vessel435 FIATA272 FIAT A hill oflading 271, 272 Finance export 208-42 Financing currency ECU 237 Fire (insurance) 182 FIO charter 281, 282 Fixture rate 87, 105 Flag discrimination 29 Flow chart 23, 332, 401 Foam ruhher 122 FOB 178, 303, 304 Foreign currency 231 Forfeiting 218, 219, 225-7 Food Hygiene (Amendment) Regulations

1990 113 Food Hygiene Regulations 288 Form C88 163 Form C 196 166 Form C 1142 159 Form C 1145 158 Form C 1147 158 Forms of counter trade 220-4 Forward contract

fixed 230 option 230

Forwarddollar/sterling rate 230 Forwardexchange market 230 Forwarders local export control380 Forwarders Jocal import control380 Forwarding agents 378-82 Foul hill oflading 271,272 FPA 187 Frankfurtair cargo centre 38, 39, 86 Freight

cost 253

INDEX

forwarders 346, 378-382 comrnission 87

paid 272 payable at destination 272 rates 84-110

case study 86 constituents 85-90 formulation 90,91 strategy, case study 257-9 types 105, 106

Transport Association 360, 361 villages 45-8

FT2 76, 80, 153, 155, 167, 200-7, 252, 399 Fuel surcharge 88 Function

bill oflading 265, 272, 273 Lloyds agent 175, 176 ofintemational trade 2-5 procedures of export documentation

318,319 Future 414,415

GATT 4, 14-17, 209,414 Generalaverage 183, 193 General cargo rates 93 Global

deep sea container services 244 freight EDI case study 345-51 transport operators 112

Globa1ization 81, 82 Goldfranc 197, 198 Good faith 179 Grid-decision making process IPM 407, 408 Gross form charter 281 Groupage 100

bill oflading 270 manifest 350 rate 96-8, 105

Guarantee trade finance 227, 228 Guarantees, deposits and bonds 151-60

Haggling ofthe market 84 Hague rules 266, 267, 278 Hague-Visby ru1es 266, 267, 278 Harnburg rules 268 Handling cost 88 Harmonized system

customs 159 of tariff classification and commodity

coding (HS) 413 HAWB96,97 Health certificate 288, 294

Heavy duty trailers 66 Redging BIFFEX 352 Redging currency ECU 237,238 High capacity containers 409 High vo1ume commodities 253 HM Customs & Excise Department 151-4 Hogsheads 117 Hong Kong 8, 398 Horizontal organization, export marketing

manager 23, 24 House air waybill 263 House bill oflading 270 Household effects rates 1 05 Hovercraft 73 Human remains, rate 92 Hungary 11 Hydrofoi1 73

IATA 85, 105,247, 352-66 air waybill 34 cargo agent 96-8, 142,263 code 252

ffiRS 109 ICAO 361, 383 ICD69 IDM 108, 109 IL04 IMDG

classification code 132-3 code 131-8

packaging recommendations 132 IMF 233,234 IMO 105, 130-8, 350

dangerous goods Iabel 139 IMOIILO guidelines for packing cargo in

containers 131 Importance ofspeed, frequency, quality ser­

vice, reliability and cost of transport 243-8,397

Import and export payments 209,211-13 prices 209-11

Import freight agent 378 Importers portfo1io 406 INCO TERMS 1990 251,297-312

factors determining choice of301, 302 introduction 297-301

lndemnity 179-81, 202 lndigenous

capital398 1abour force 398

Indirect marketing 406

INDEX I

ludivisible Ioads 88, 105, 115,410 Iudustrial transplant 83, 398 Industty specific EDI organizations 342, 343 Inflatable bags 122 Infrastructure 407 Inland waterways and canals 30-3

freight rates 98, 199 Institute air cargo clauses ( all risk) 185 Institute cargo clauses 184-91, 305

A 187-91 B 187-91 c 197-91

Institute ofExport 382, 383 Institute ofLondon Underwriters 182-5 Institute strike clauses ( cargo) 190 Institute war clauses ( cargo) 190 Insulated containers 60, 62 Insurable interest 176-9 Insurance

Brokers Registration Act 1977 17 4 cargo 172-96

policy form and clauses 182-91 claims cargo 193-6 export credit 200-7

Insurance broker 175, 176, 215, 216 Integrators 33, 34,409 Intellectual property, EC 392 Interest

contingent 1 77 defeasible 177 payments 229

Intergovernmental transfers 229 Intermodalism 50, 66, 100 International

airtransport 33-39, 199 advantages/disadvantages 34-9

business reply service 109 cargo marking symbols 116 consignment, evaluation of suitability

oftransport modes 248-52 convention

concerning the carriage of goods by rail 288, 289

for the unification of certain rules relative bills of lading 266

on Iimitation ofliability for maritime claims 268

credit clubs 383 direct mail108, 109 exchange rates 228-31 Federation oflnspection Agencies 291 organizations 361-3, 367, 368

_____ _j

physical distribution strategy and management 395--415 options 398--407

rail services rates I 00 rail transport 44-9, 198, 199 roadhaulagerates99, 100,103-6 road transport 40-3 standard ISO 9000 382 trade 1-17 train ferry rates 1 00 transport

conventions 196-9 modes29-82,248-52

INTRASTAT 159 module 332,337

Inventory cost 91,255 Investment currency ECU 23 7 Invoice 214

commercial285, 286 consular 286 customs 286

in ECUs 238 Inward processing relief 153, 166, 252, 414 Inwards investment 398 IPM decision-making process strategy

407-9 IPM problern areas and possible solutions

407-11 IPOM ICD 49, 70 lrrevocable letters of credit 213, 214, 216 ISO 54, 130 Issuing bank 214

Jacob, Suchard Tobler 259, 260 Japan 1, 8 Japan Air Lines 34 Jettison 183, 188 Jumbo angled stem ramp 69 Justin time 35, 75, 83, 245, 253, 255, 339,

340,399

Klang, port of 32, 55, 70, 259

Labels, IMDG code 138 Landbridge 49, 79, 315 Landing and shipping officers 151 Laos 8 LASH72, 99 Lashingof cargo 126 LCL 36, 53, 60, 70, 79, 112, 117, 274 LDCs 15, 16 Leads and lags 229

INDEX

League of Arab States 13 LEC 83, 151, 162, 250 Less common methods of trade 228 Letter

ofcredit 217, 226, 317 check Iist of documents 324 standby 219,220

ofhypothecation 289 of indemnity 289 ofundertaking 219

Liability CMR 196-8 Libera1ization within EC 386, 387 LIC 83, 151,250 Licensing 228 Licensing export 287,288 Liner

conference 85, 363-6 tariffs102-6 terms charter party 281

Live animals 93, 106 Livestock rates 106 Lloyds

Act 1982 174 agent, function 175, 176, 191 agents 175 176 coffee house 173 register Quality Assurance Ltd 382 signing office 182 syndicates 173, 175, 203 underwriters 173-5, 203

Loadability 91, 111 Loan payments 229 Locking of cargo 126 Logislies 3, 400

case study 259,260 strategy 411,412

Lome Convention 17 Long form bills of 1ading 219 Loss of specie 183 Low value cargo 246

Maastricht 236 Mafia trailers 66 Mail transfer 211 Malayan railways 70 Malaysia 8, 9, 257-9, 398 Management and international physical dis­

tribution strategy 395--415 Management of quality BS 5750 381,

382 Manifest 131 MARform 182

Marine insurance 172-99

Act 1906172, 176, 182 po1icy form 186-91

Maritime container rates 101-6 Markets, counter trade 222-4 Market operators 240, 241 Markingofcargo 116, 129,130

symbols 116, 129 Master air waybi11263 Materialshandling 117-29 MAWB96,97 MCD 157 Memorandum (SG form) 183, 187 Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and

Marine Pollutants Regulations 1990) 130, 131, 149

Metallined cases 117 Method of payment, strategy 209 MFA17 Middle East 2 Mixed cargo 95 Modes oftransport 29-82

suitability of an international consign-ment243-60

Module export quotation 328 Module order processing 328, 329 Mongolia 11 Multilateral Interline Traffic Agreement

lA TA passenger and cargo 362 Multi modalism 77,79-83

development 80, 81 features 81, 82 strategy 82, 395-415

NAFTA 1, 6, 43, 76,248 Near markets 398 Ned Lloyd flowmaster 400, 401 Negotiab1e AATA combined transport bill

oflading 271 Negotiab1e bill oflading 271 Net form charter 281 Newspaper rate 92 Non-c1assified hazardous materia1s 134-7 Non-containerizab1e cargo 64-9 Non-demise Charter Party 281, 282 Non-negotiable bill oflading 271 Non-negotiable report offmdings 291 Nordic Counci113 North Korea 9 NSSN 161, 274,278 NVOC 79, 81, 101,247

INDEX

NVOCC 63, 79, 81, 101, 247, 378 NVOC rates strategy, case study 101, 102

OAS 13, 14 OAU13 08072 Obso1escence 255 ODETTE343 OECD5, 365 Offset, counter trade 221 Oil exporters 223, 224 Oil tankers 74 On deck cargo 274, 323 One ctass one container 131 Onestop

ports 77, 115 shopping 400

Open account tenns 211-13 Open generat export Iicence 287,414 Open markets, infonnation and technology

communications EC 388-90 ORCillDS39 Order processing modute 328, 329 Organization

ofEC 385, 386 export and shipping office 19-26 export facilitation 352-68 international359-63, 367, 368 and workings ofHM Customs 151-4

Out turn, customs 157 Outward processing relief 166, 167, 252,

414 Overseas postat service tariffs 106--1 0

Packaging 95, 96 air freight dangerous cargo 141, 142 cost 111 techniques strategy 111, 112, 136

Packing 142, 146--8, 249 certificate 136, 137 Iist 289,290 types 117-21

P&I ctubs 192, 266 Pallet 56, 58 Pallet rates 106 Palletbox 106 Palletized consignments 35 Palletization 74, 76, 119, 127, 128,258,

259 Papertess trading 346 Parce1s post receipt 290 Partiattoss 183

Payments batance of 4, 5 for imports/exports 211-13

Perils ofthe sea 182 Perishabte cargo 95, 244 Phitippines 9 Physical barriers to trade, EC 392 Phytosanitary (Plant Heatth) Certificate 290 Piggyback 48, 406 PIRA, intemational120, 367,368 Planned distribution 255 Ptanning customs 412-14 Poland 111 Policies

cargo 278, 279 conditions, export credit insurance 203 supplier insurance 207 vatued 180

Political risk, export credit insurance 203 Pomerene Act, USA 271,278 Portof

Bangkok 32, 55 Dubai36,37, 77,86 Klang 32, 55, 70, 259 Rotterdam 31, 75 Seattle49 Singapore 36, 37, 75-7

Portal cranes 48 Ports

dry 49, 69, 70 sea 75-7

Postal services ( overseas) tariffs 106--110 Pre-booked cargo space (air freight) 97 Premium, cargo insurance 87 Presentation of documents to the bank,

check Iist 321-26 Preshipment 245

inspection certificate 290-3, 324 procedures 291-3, 324

Preventive duties 156 Prices exportlimport 209-11 Principtes of cargo insurance 176--81 Printflow (RMI) 107, 108 Problem areas and possible solutions IPM

409-11 Procedures export documentation 160-5,

318,319,348,349 Processing of cargo insurance 172-96 Processing the export order 261, 295-338 Professions, EC 391 Profonna invoice 286, 287, 316

INDEX

Progress of export order 312-27 Projects forwarding 381

rates 106 Promissory note 227 Property intellectual EC 90 Pro rata freight l 06 Protested, bill of exchange 212 Public purchasing EG 388 Purchase, counter 220, 221

Quality certificate 293 Quality oftransport service 243-8 Quarantine regulations 113

Radioactive materials 133 Rail (international) transport 44-9 Rail services, international rates l 00 Rate of exchange 228, 229 Rates

formulation, factors 85-91 freight 84--100 strategy, case studies 101, 102,257-9

Rationale of preshipment inspection facility 293

Realignment ERM 235-8 Rebate 88, l 06 Receipt of export order 314--18 Received bill oflading 269 Received for shipment bill of lading 269,

276,277 Recourse 214 Recoveries, export credit insurance 202 Red clause credits 217 Reefer containers 60, 62, 244 Refrigerated cargo market 244 Re-insurance 202 Relative importance of speed, quality, fre­

quency, reliability, service and costof transport 243-8

Reliability oftransport 243-8 Removals, customs 153 Resale value, packaging 113 Returned goods relief 167 Revolving credits 217 Rhine Main-Danube link canal32 RlD 105, 150 RM1106-10 Road

hauJage rates, international 99, 100 transport intemational40-3

RoJe and essentials of a transport system 29-31

RoJe ofBaltic Exchange 96 RoJe ofBOTB 355, 356, 360 RoJe ofECSD 205-7 RoJe of export office 19-26 RoJe of export specialists 369-84 Romania 12 Ro/ro 71-106

dangerous goods note 148, 149 Rotterdam, port of31, 75 Routing401 Ru! es

Hague 266, 267, 278 Hague-Visby 266, 267, 278 Hamburg268 Tokyo271 Rome 271 Visby 266,267,278 Warsaw 199

SAD 170 Sales(export)contract312-14 Sales ledger 314 Sales office organization 24--6 Salient points bill oflading 268, 269 Salient points common short form bill of

lading 274, 275 Salient points, see Waybill Salaried agent 370 Salvage charges 183 SCP 160, 161 SD 14,70 SDR 197, 232-42, 267

calculation 232-4 deposit233

Sea Air Bridge 36, 37-8, 77, 78, 399 Sea freight rates 102-6 Sea hand bridge 399 SEALAND EDISHIP 350, 351 Seaports 75-7 Sea transport 70-4 Sea waybill276-8, 424, 425 Segregation of cargo 122 Selangor Cement Company 257-9 Seller's market 407 Selling agent's agreement 369-74 Services conference IAT A 363 Set ofbills oflading 273 SG policy form 182-6 SGS290 Sharing ofcargo 126 Shipbrokers, chartered 374, 375 Ship management 245

INDEX

Ship survey cost 246 Ship types 70-4 Shipment date 316, 318 Shipped

bill oflading 269, 274 on board bill oflading 277

Shipper declaration 96 dangeraus cargo 96, 135-7, 143-7 Ietter ofinstruction 293

Shipping manager 21--6, 408 organization 20

Shipping office 18-26,248 Ship's delivery order 293, 294 Short form bills oflading 274--6 Short term export credit insurance 203, 204 Shrink wrapping 74, 119 Sight bills 212, 213 Simplified customs entry procedure 160,

161 Singapore, port of9, 30, 75-7, 340, 341, 398 Single market entity 385-94 Sinking fund 246 SITPRO 367, 368 SITPRO master document 275 Skeleton cases 118 South Korea 9 Specialist (export) role 369-74 Specific commodity rates 93 Speculation, exchange rate 229 Speed oftransport 243-8 Speedbird

consignment 34 note 34,427

courier 33, 34 rates 94,95

SPEX (SITPRO) 329-33 export software flow chart 336

Spotmarket240,241 Spotrates 229, 230 Squeeze clamps, fork Iift truck 129 SSN 161,274-8 Stale bills oflading 270 Standardexchangesystem 166, 167

and outward processing 166, 167,252, 414

Standby letters of credit 219, 220 State subsidies and competition 391, 392 Status message 349 Stock exchange operations 229 Stockist agencies 370 Storage cost 255

Stowage of containers 122--6 factors 121-9 p1ans 121, 130

Straightbill of lading 273 Strategy

EDI 339,340 of empathy 406 Eurobrand product 387, 388, 393 export credit insurance 20 1, 202 Inco terms 1990 301, 302 international physical distribution and

rnanagement 393--412 logistics 411,412 method of payment 209 of multimodalism 82 packaging techniques 111, 112 single market entity 385-94

Strikes, riots and civil commotions 184, 185 Strong currency 235 Structure and organization of export office

19-26 St Lawrence seaway 31 Stuffing containers 121 Subrogation 181, 182 Sue and 1abour charges 183 Suitability of transport modes of an interna­

tional consignment 243--60 Sum insured 180 Supp1ementary statistical declaration ( cus-

toms) 337, 338 Supplier credit finance 207 Supp1ier insurance po1icy 207 Survey of international trade 5-17 Suspension of customs duty 414 Swap body 47, 48, 79, 100, 260 Swap dea1s 221, 222 Swiftair (RMI) 1 08 Switch trading 221, 222 Switzerland 259, 260 Syndicates, Lloyds 173-7

Taiwan9 Tankers 14 Tariffs 86 TCM convention 271 TDA, case study 256, 257 TEDIS transport sector 345 Telegraphietransfer 211 Tenor265 Terms of de1ivery 315 Terms ofpayment 315

Termsoftrade 4, 5 THAI Airlines air freight network 39 THE358, 359 Theory of absolute advantage 3 Theory of comparative advantage 3 Theory of freight rates 84-110 Thieves (insurance) 182 Third countries 406 Third world countries 226 Through bills oflading 269, 270 Timhercarrier 74 Timecharter 281-3 TIR 69, 121, 145

carnets 170, 171 1NT33-4

express consignment note 428 Tokyo Rome Rules 271 Tokyo Rules 271 Tolerance invoice 214 To order bill oflading 273 Totallass 183 Total product concept 395 Trade

associations 406 balance of 4, 5 cycle 339, 340 finance 208-42 intemational1-17 physical barriers, EC 392 vehicle rates 1 06

Trading areas ofthe world 5-18 currency ECU 237

Traftic conferences lA TA 360 Trailer/truck 79 Trailers 41-3 Train ferry 73, 150

rates 100 Tramps73, 74,85,245 Transfer note 161 Transfer pricing 398 Transferable credits 216, 217 Transport

distribution analysis 243-60 modes 29, 82,248-52 sea 70--4 services, EC 390, 391 strategy (IPM) 395-416 system, its ro1e and essentials 29-30

Transshipment bill oflading 270 charge 88

INDEX

ports 77,78 Treaty ofRome 385 TREMCARD 126, 137, 148 Theory of freight rates 84-110 Tween deck vessels 70, 71, 73, 249 Typesof

agents 369-72 air freight markets 33, 34 bills of 1ading 269-72 containerization 57-62 counter trade 220--4 freight rates 105, 106 packing 117-21 policy, export credit insurance 204-6 vessels 70--4

Uberrima tides 179 ULDs56,97 ULD rates 93, 94 ULCC72 Unclean bill of lading 270 UNCTAD 182, 356 Underwriters 173-5 UN-EDIFACT standards development and

maintenance 341-45 Uniform customs and practice for documen­

tary credits, ICC publication No 500 271,275,277,298,312,323

Uniform rules for the collection of commer-cial paper 213

United Parcels Service 33 Universal air waybill 262 UN

Iayout key 262, 277, 367 Iiner conference code 40/40/20 365 number 135

Uruguay round GATT 16 USA3 US Pemerence Act 271,278

Valuable cargo 92 Valuation charge 93 Va1ue added benefit 35-6,91,395 Va1ue added network 35-6,341,345,346 Va1uedpolicy 180 VAT 152-6,254,337

distance selling arrangements 154 EC sales lists 154, 155

Vertical organization, export marketing manager 23, 24

Veterinary certificate 294 Vietnam9

~EX J c____ ______ _

Visby rules 266, 267, 278 VLCC72 Volumetrie rate 102-6 Voyage charter 87

WA187 Warehouse bonded 152, 155 Warehouse centre 75 Warehouse cost 255 W arsaw convention 262

Warsawrules 199 Water note 161 Waybill, sea 276--8 Weak currency 235 Wedging of cargo 126 Weight certificate 294 Weight rate 102-6 Western industria1 markets 222,223 Wharfage charge 88 W/M 86, 91, 92, 100--6