Appendicular Skeleton
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Transcript of Appendicular Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton• Bones of limbs.– Thoracic limbs (front leg)
• Scapula• Humerus• Radius• Ulna• Carpal bones• Metacarpal bones• Phalanges
– Pelvic Limbs (back leg)• Pelvis
– Ilium– Ischium– pubis
• Femur• Tibia• Fibula• Tarsal bones• Metatarsal bones• Phalanges
Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton (limb bones)(limb bones)
Thoracic Limb• ScapulaScapula• HumerusHumerus• RadiusRadius• UlnaUlna• Carpal bones (carpus)Carpal bones (carpus)• Metacarpal bonesMetacarpal bones
• PhalangesPhalanges
Scapula
• Most proximal bone of the thoracic limb.• Flat and triangular.• Has prominent ridge on lateral surface referred to as the
_____________.• The distal end forms portion of ball and socket shoulder joint called
the ______________ cavity.
Humerus
• Long bone of upper arm/brachium
• Articulates with the _________ proximally and the _______ and _______ distally
• Has head at proximal end with a large greater tubercle for muscle attachment.
• Condyle at distal end is composed of trochlea (medial/ulna), capitulum (lateral, radius), medial and lateral epicondyles (medial and lateral/ no articulations)
• _____________ fossa is proximal to the condyles on the caudal surface of the humerus
• Is not the “funny bone”
• One of two bones that form the antebrachium.• Proximally, forms major portion of elbow joint with distal end of the
____________.• Articulates distally with the ________ (except in the horse).• Point of the elbow = olecranon process
• Trochlear _________: concave articular surface that makes elbow secure.– Proximal end of trochlear notch forms a beak-shaped ______________ process.
• tucks into the olecranon process of the humerus– Distal end of trochlear notch forms the two ________________ processes.
• Styloid process forms the distal end of the ulna.
Radius
• Main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium.• Articulates with _________ and ulna proximally, and the
_______ distally.– ___________process articulates with carpus.
Carpal Bones• Carpus has _______ rows of bones.• Is the “_______” of the most animals, knee
of horses• Proximal row bones have names
– radial carpal bone, intermediate carpal (if present) ulnar carpal bone, accessory carpal bone
• Distal row bones numbered medial to lateral:– (1st carpal, 2nd carpal, etc)
Metacarpal Bones
• Articulate proximally with the carpal bones and distally with the phalanges of the digits.
• Numbered from _________ to _________ (dewclaw being number 1 in dogs and cats).
• Horses have one large metacarpal III bone (__________ bone) and two non-weight bearing metacarpal II & IV bones (___________ bones).
• Cattle have fused metacarpal bones (III & IV) with a groove dividing them
EQUINE
Phalanges (singular = phalanx)
• Each digit is made up of two or three______________ (proximal, middle, distal)
• In horses phalanges are also called the long and short pastern bones and coffin bone.
• Horses and cattle have proximal and distal sesamoid bones. – Distal sesamoid in horse = navicular
bone
• Horses have one weight-bearing digit (III) and cattle have two (III & IV)
• Dogs and cats have an _____________ crest that surrounds the claw.
EQUINE PHALANGES
LONG PASTERN
SHORT PASTERN
COFFIN BONE