Apostila Ingles

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APOSTILA DE INGLÊS UNIPALMARES 2006 1

Transcript of Apostila Ingles

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APOSTILA DE

INGLÊS

UNIPALMARES

2006

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TO BE (Present Tense) I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are Supply the correct form of the present tense of to be. 1 - He ……………………………a good student

2 - They…………………………old friends.

3 - I……………………………..a student.

4 - John…………………………absent from class today.

5 - We……………………………both students. 6 - The weather today…………..good

7 - The sky……………………….clear.

8 - Henry and John…………… brothers.

9 - She and I…………………….cousins

10 - Mr Smith…………………sick today. 11 - He……………………………a businessman 12 - Mr.Jones…………………….a lawyer. 13 - Today………………………..Wednesday.

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14 - She and John ………………both good students. 15 - The policeman on the corner………………..busy with the traffic. 16 - He and I,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,old friends.-

TO BE (NEGATIVE AND QUESTION FORMS). We form the negative of to be by placing not after the verb. I am a student. I am not a student We form questions with to be by placing the verb before the subject. She is absent from class today. Is she absent from class today? Why is she absent from class today? Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative 1 - They are in Europe now. 2 -John is angry with you. 3 - He and she are cousins. 4 - He is very studious. 5 - Both sisters are tall. 6 - She is a clever girl. 7 - They are members of the country club. 8 - He is a good tennis player. 9 - Mr. Smith is a pilot with American Airlines.

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10 - The sky is very cloudy today. 11 - The office of the principal is on the first floor2 - It is cold today. 13 - She is a tall, blonde girl. 14 - It is a good movie. 15 - The stamps are in my desk. 16 - He is in the office

TO BE (PAST TENSE) I WAS YOU WERE HE WAS SHE WAS IT WAS WE WERE YOU WERE THEY WERE

Supply the correct past tense form of to be in the following sentences:

1 - Helen ………………….absent from school yesterday. 2 - I……………….in the same class as William last year. 3 - We…………….good friends for many years. 4 - The door of the office………………….open. 5 - But both windows…………………….closed 6 - John…………………..not in school yesterday. 7 - He and his brother………………sick. 8 - I…………………busy all day yesterday.

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9 -We………………tired after our long walk. 10- I……………….hungry after so much exercise. 11- There……………….a lot of students absent from class today.

12- John……………….present, but I……………not.

13- The weather yesterday……………….very warm.

14- We…………………..pleased to receive your letter.

15- The teacher………………..not satisfied with my composition.

16 -The exercises in the last lesson……………………easy.

17-We…………………not able to get in touch with Mr. Reese yesterday. 18 -The wind last night ………………. very strong.

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PLURAL NOUNS We form the plural of most nouns by adding S door doors book books We form the plural of names ending in s, z, ch , sh and x by adding es. church churches box boxes Some nouns have irregular plural forms. Singular Plural Singular Plural man men foot feet. woman women tooth teeth child children mouse mice Change the following sentences from singular to plural 1 - She is a good teacher.

2 - He is my cousin 3 - The pencil is on the desk. 4 - The glass is in the kitchen 5 - It is a new dish. 6 - He is a young man.

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7 - The bus is on the corner. 8 - She is a pretty woman. 9 - The salesman is in the office. 10 - The house is on the corner. 11 - She is a pretty woman. 12 - The salesman is in the office. 13 -The house is on the corner 14 - The child is in the garden. 15 - The clock is on the wall. 16 - The orange is on the table. 17 - He is a Frenchman. 18 - The watch is new. 19 - It is a good picture.

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PLURAL NOUNS If a noun ends in y preceded by a consonant, we change the y to I and add es city cities lady ladies If a noun ends in f or fe ,we change the f to v and add s or es. wife wives. Leaf leaves With a few nouns ending in o, like potato, tomato and hero, we add es. potato potatoes CHANGE THE SUBJECTS OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM SINGULAR TO PLURAL. 0- The child plays in the park every morning. (The children play in t he park every morning) 0- The knife is next to the plate. 0- The dish is on the table. 0- Helen’s new dress is very pretty. 0- The plane leaves from the airport. 0- The bus stops at this corner 0- The box is empty. 0- The church is near here. 0- The class begins at 9 o’clock.

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10 -The man knows his English well. 11 -He enjoys the work very well. 12 - She is not afraid of dogs. 13 - The boy does the work well. 14 - The woman is ill. 15 - The glass is broken.

16- The watch runs well.

17- The salesman is very polite.

18- The key is on the table. A/ AN

A changes to an before any word beginning with a vowel sound a book an apple a man an old man,

0- It is………………………lovely day. 0- It is,………………………old university. 0- He is ……………………..unusual man. 0- It is………………………..exception to the rule. 0- It is ……………………….long trip, but it is……………easy trip 0- It is……………………… large library. 0- It is………………………..orange. 0- It is ……………………… pear

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0- He is ………………………honest man. 10- She is …………………….old woman. 11- His car is…………………used car. 12- It is……………………… tall tree. 12- It is……………………….egg. 12- It is ………………………apple 12- It is ……………………….old bus. 12- It is ………………………..empty bottle. 12- It is …………………………hour till lunch. 12- It is ………………………….windy day. 12- It is…………………………..good idea

TO HAVE (Present Tense) I HAVE YOU HAVE SHE HAS HE HAS IT HAS WE HAVE YOU HAVE THEY HAVE Complete the following sentences with the correct form of to have

0- They …………………a new car. 0- She……………………one sister and two brothers. 0- He and I …………………many things in common. 0- John………………………..a new wristwatch. 0- We……………………many friends in New York. 0- Helen………………….a headache. 0- Grace …………………..a date with George tonight. 0- Mr. Gonzales……………..a strong foreign accent. 0- Both brothers…………….a red hair. 10- Harry’s dog,……………..a long tail. 11- Mr.Smith’s office …………………..three large windows.

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12- I……………..a charge account in Gimbel’s Department Store 13- Both children…………………bad colds. 13- Dr.Smith………………..many patients.

13- Mr. Jones, the lawyer,………………may clients. 13- We…………………a large library at school. 13- The secretary………………a new computer. 13- The building ……………….two entrances. 13- I………………brown eyes. 13- You………………green eyes

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS CONJUGATED AS FOLLOWS: I WORK YOU WORK HE WORKS SHE WORKS IT WORKS WE WORK YOU WORK THEY WORK We use the Simple Present Tense to describe an action which goes on every day or all the time. Give the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses. 1 -We (read) the newspaper in class every day. 2 -He (come) to school by bus. 3 -I always (walk) to school. 4 -The children (play) in the park every afternoon. 5 -I (eat ) lunch in the cafeteria every day.

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6 -Helen ( work) very hard. 7 -I (like) to sit in the sun. 8 -The dog (chase) the cat around the house. 9 -Mrs.Smith (work) for eastern Airlines. 10 -We always (play) tennis on Saturday 11 -They (eat) lunch together every day. 12 -We always (play) tennis on Saturdays. 13 - He always ( prepare) his homework carefully. 14 -They (eat) lunch together every day. 15 - Some girls (use) too much make-up. 16 - They (take) a lot of trips together. 17 - We always ( travel) by car. 18 - They (attend) church every Sunday. 19 - He ( speak) several foreign languages. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

(Third Person Singular)

In the Simple Present Tense of some verbs, we add es instead of s in the third person singular a-If a verb ends in y preceded by a consonant, we change the y to i and add es.

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I study he studies b- If a verb ends in o, we add es. I go he goes. c- If a verb ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z we add es I reach he reaches. Give the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses. 1- John ( go) there twice a week

2- Helen (do) the work of two people. 3- I always (try) to arrive everywhere on time. 4- George always (try) to do the same thing. 5- The teacher (wish) to speak with you. 6- Mr. Walker (teach) English and Mathematics. 7- They (go) to the movies twice a week. 8- We (watch) television every night. 9- Mary (play) the piano very well. 10- He (study) in the same class as I. 11-The nurse (watch) the child in the park. 12- The mother (kiss) both boys good-bye every morning. 13- I (catch) cold very often. 14- Helen also (catch) cold very often. 15- He (do) everything that she asks.

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16 - He (carry) the books in a briefcase.

THERE IS- THERE ARE We use There is with singular nouns; we use there are with plural nouns. There is a book on the table. There are books on the table There is one man in the room. There are several men in the room. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THERE IS OR THERE ARE. 1 -……………………………………a new moon tonight. 2 -……………………………….someone at the door. 3 -………………………………….a lot of the students absent today. 4 -…………………………………….a mailbox in the corner. 5 -…………………………………… three lamps in the room. 6 -……………………………………two large windows in the room. 7 -……………………………………but only one door. 8 -…………………………………….a lot of English classes in our school. 9 -…………………………………….nobody in the room now. 10-……………………………………a letter on the table for you. 11-…………………………………….several beautiful parks in this city. 12- …………………………………….twelve months in a year. 13-……………………………………. only one cloud in the sky.

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14- …………………………..no one at home. 15…………………………- dishes but no silverware on the table. 16…………………………..no stores in this section of town.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

We form the present continuous tense by placing the appropriate form of to be before the present participle ( ing form) of the main verb. I am working You are working He is working She is working It is working We are working You are working They are working. The Present Continuous Tense describes an action that is going on at the present moment. He is talking with her. It is raining. Complete the following sentences with the present continuous form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 - They …………………..(wait) for us on the corner now. 2 - The bus……………… ( stop) for us now. 3 - Listen! I think the telephone …………………( ring) 4 - I see that you …………..( wear) your new suit today. 5 - Look1 It…………………( begin) to rain. 6 - Listen! Someone ………………( knock) the door. 7 - Please be quiet! The baby……………………(sleep) 8 - Look! The cat …………………( try) to climb that tall tree. 9 - Helen……………..( make) good progress in her studies at present.

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10-The leaves………….( begin) to fall from the trees. 11-John ………………( have) lunch in the cafeteria now. 12- Listen! That’s Mary who …………….(play) the piano. 13- At present they……………..(travel) in South America. 14- For the time being, Mr. Smith………………(act) as manager of this department. 15- Be careful! He teacher……………….(watch) you. 16- They……………..(have) sales in all the big stores now.

PRESENT CONTINUOS TENSE (CONTINUED) The present continuous tense describes an action which goes on now or at the present tense. He is talking with her now. The telephone is ringing. The simple present tense describes an action that occurs every day or all the time. He talks with her every day. The telephone rings all the time. Supply the simple present tense or the present continuous tense form of the verbs in parentheses. 1 - Mr. Jones often……………………….(go) out of town on business trips. 2 - Our class………………………………...( meet) three times every week 3- Mr. Smith ……………………..(teach) us at present. He…………… (substitute) for Mr. Reese, who is your regular teacher. 4-At nine-thirty every morning our school bell ………………..(ring).

Listen! I believe it…………………………..(ring) now. .

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5-John……………….(take) his English lesson now. I believe that he always………….. (take) it at this hour. 6-Listen! Someone…………….(knock) at the door. 7-John never (come) to class on time. 8-At present they……………..(build) many new highways in New York State. 9-The wind always…………..(blow) hard in this section.

10-For the time being, while Mr. Jones is away, Mr.Smith

…………….(act) as manager of our department.

11 -They…………….(have) a big sale on shoes at Macy’s today.

12 -John seems to be very busy. I guess he…………….(prepare) his

English lesson. 13- I………………….get up at seven o’ clock every morning. 14 -John usually……………………( stay) in a hotel when he……………….( come) to town, but tonight he……………( stay) with us.

15 - The sun always……………….( rise) in the east. Look!

It……………..( rise) now.

16 - Mr. And Mrs Smith…………….(build) a new home on First Avenue.

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(Negative and Question Forms) We form negatives with the present continuous tense by placing not after to be. She is studying English. She is not studying English We form questions with the present continuous tense by placing to be before the subject. They are working Are they working CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE. 1 - The telephone is ringing

2 - It is beginning to rain. 3 - The sky is getting dark. 4 - He is working on the fourth floor at present. 5 - The maid is cleaning the room now. 6 - They are taking a walk in the park. 7 - They are having lunch outside. 8 - John is doing well in his studies at present. 9 - They are laughing at what you said. 10 - They are traveling in Europe at present. 11 - Helen is taking dancing lessons at the Country Club. 12 - The leaves are beginning to fall from the trees.

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13 - All the birds are flying south.

14 - Mr. Evans is writing a series of articles on the economic situation. 15 - They are planning to leave for Mexico soon.

16 - He is looking for the book which he lost

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PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE We form the past continuous tense with the past tense of to be and the present participle of the main verb. I was working You were working He was working She was working It was working We were working You were working They were working. The past continuous tense describes a past action which was going on when another action take place. I was sleeping when you called. They were eating dinner when we arrived. Supply the correct past continuous tense form of the verbs in parentheses. 1. They …………………(eat) in the restaurant on the corner when I saw them. 2. It …………………….(rain) when I left home. 3. When You telephoned, I…………………( have) dinner. 4. They ………………..( travel) in Europe when the war broke out. 5. The baby…………….(sleep) soundly when I went to wake him. 6. He…………….just……………..( order) breakfast when I went to his hotel room. 7. I got sick while we…………………….. (drive) to Mexico.

8. He………………..( work) in California when his father died. 9. I…………….just…………….( take) a nap when you called.

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10. She ………………….(talk) with Mr. Smith when I saw her in the hall. 11. The accident happened while they………………….. (travel) in Mexico. 12. She fell as she......................................(get) into a taxi. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (CONTINUED) In the following sentences give either the past tense or the past continuous tense form of the verb indicated. (study) 1-………………………..very hard last night 2………………………….last night when you called me on the phone.. (go) 3. While I……………………home last night, I saw a dreadful accident 4- I……………………………home last night by bus. (drive) 5- We _……………………….to Philadelphia last Sunday. 6- We…………………………..at about forty miles an hour when the accident happened. (have)- 7- We……………………………our dinner when you phoned. 8- We……………………………our dinner in Child’s restaurant last night. (come) 9- While I……………………..to work this morning. I met an old friend. 10- I………………to work on the bus this morning. (blow) 11. The wind …………………hard when I came to work this morning.

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12- The wind…………………hard this morning. (rain) 13- It…………………………hard when I left office at five o‘clock. 14- It …………………………hard last night. (shine) 15- The sun ………………….brightly when I got up this morning. 16- The sun…………………brightly this morning. (read) 17- At seven o’ clock , when you telephoned, I……………………. The newspaper. 18- I………………….two books last week. (sleep) 19-I………………soundly when the phone rang . 20- I……………….soundly last night . (play) 21- Mary…………..the piano when I arrived. 22- Mary…………..the piano for the guests . ( take) 23- While John……………his English lesson, his friend arrived. 24- John………………….his English lesson yesterday. 25- I………………… up this morning at six o’clock. 26- Helen fell just as she………………..off the bus. PAST TENSE (Negative Form) WE FORM THE NEGATIVE OF THE PAST TENSE BY PLACING DID NOT

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BEFORE THE VERB AND CHANGING THE VERB TO ITS SIMPLE FORM. HE WENT HE DID NOT GO. I DID NOT WORK YOU DID NOT WORK HE DID NOT WORK SHE DID NOT WORK IT DID NOT WORK. WE DID NOT WORK YOU DID NOT WORK THEY DID NOT WORK THE CONTRACTED FORM DIDN’T IS GENERALLY USED. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE. USE THE CONTRACTED FORM. 1 - He prepared the his lesson well. (He didn’t prepare his lesson well) 2 - They told us about it. 3 - He puts the books on the desk. 4 - They stayed in Mexico City for two weeks. 5 - I saw Helen yesterday. 6 - He planned his work well. 7 - The meeting lasted a long time. 8 - The book cost two dollars. 9 - The woman fainted in the street. 10- I knew him very well.

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11- They sold their home. 12- I spoke with George about the matter. 13- She came to the meeting alone. 14-We sat together at the concert last night. 15- They went to Caracas by boat. 16- I gave her your message.

IRREGULAR VERBS The past tense of irregular verbs must be memorized. get- got go- went tell told see saw give gave hear heard find found feel- felt begin-- began be was sell - sold send- sent sit- sat speak spoke give gave know knew read read have- had come- came speak- spoke

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drink- drank. put put - cost cost write- wrote get- got bring brought lend lent tell told take took Irregular verbs, like regular verbs, have the same form in all persons of the past tense. I ate You ate He ate She ate It ate We ate You ate They ate PLACE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN THE SIMPLE PAST. 1 - She ………………….(bring) a magazine to him. 2 - You ………………….( lend) many dollars to me. 3 - She ………………….( show) her a new hat. 4 - Robert……………….(send) many flowers to me. 5 - Mr. Miller …………(give) ten dollars to his wife. 6 - He……………………(take) the tickets to his brother. 7- He……………………( tell) a story to the guests. 8 -Virginia …………….( ask) a question to Mr. Miller.

9 - We………………….(have) our coffee after dinner.

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10 - I………………(be) all afternoon downtown.

11 - He……………(find) the number in the telephone book.

12 - She…………..(go) at the university on Monday.

13 - She ………….( see) her friends yesterday. FUTURE WITH WILL We form the with future with will ad the simple form of the verb. I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go. Te contracted form I’ll, He’ll, She’ll, It’ll, We’ll, and They’ll are generally used. Complete the following sentences with the will future form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the contracted forms only. 1- He…………………….(call) you tomorrow. ( He’ll call you tomorrow) 2 -They………………….( see) us in the morning.

3 - I …………………(give) you that money tomorrow. 4 - She ………………(help) you with that work. 5 - Mary……………..( clean) off the table right away.

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6 - The stores ………….( close) early today. 7 - I………………..( leave) the tip. 8 - Helen…………..(find) the book which you need. 9 - John …………….(do) well that job.

10-You………………( spend) a lot of money there. 11 - The wind ………………(blow) that sign down.

12 - We ……………………..(meet) you in grand Central Station. 13 - I…………………………(pay) the bill. 14 - You………………………(learn) a great deal in the course 15 - We……………………….(remain) in Mexico about a month.

NEGATIVE FORM OF FUTURE WITH WILL (Won’t) Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative. Use the contracted form. 1 - They will arrive at three o’clock.

(They won’t arrive at three o’clock)

2 - We will tell John about it. 3 - I will be back in an hour. 4 -The weather will be cool tomorrow,

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5 - He will be able to meet us later. 6 -These exercises will be easy for you. 7 - We will eat in the same restaurant again. 8 - You will get tired of that work. 9 - We will be there before Wednesday. 10 – He will do well in that job. 11-They will sign the contract tomorrow.

12-They will finish the work in April. 13- The meeting will last an hour. 14-The stores will close at noon today.

15-It will cost a lot of money to remodel that house.

16-We will be ready to leave in an hour.

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IMMEDIATE FUTURE (TO BE + INFINITIVE)

Affirm: The clerk IS GOING TO PUNCH the cards. Inter: Is the clerk GOING TO PUNCH the cards. Neg: The clerk IS NOT GOING TO PUNCH the card.. Rewrite the sentences using the GOING TO future. ) The operator will connect it to the computer. ) That businessman will not travel to U.S.A. next month. ) I will apply for the position of analyst the day after tomorrow. ) The IBM 3800 will accept continuous forms. ) Will Jack measure any pieces of metal. ) The operator won’t be absent tomorrow.

) Those supervisors will visit that company.

) We will convert them into digits.

) The peripherals will fail.

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE We form the present perfect tense with have ( has) and the past participle of the main verb. I have worked You have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked. The present perfect tense describes an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past. I have read that book. They have moved to Los Angeles. The present perfect tense also describes an action that was repeated several times in the past. I have read that book several times. He has studied this lesson over and over. Supply the present perfect tense form of the verbs in parentheses. 0- 1- ………………..(speak) to him about it several times. 0- We……………….(finish) all our homework. 0- He………………..(visit) us many times. 0- She……………….(return) my book at last. 0- I am afraid that I……………(lose) my car keys. 0- We……………….(be) in Mexico many times. 0- I………………….( study) this same exercise before. 0- We……………….( learn) many new words in this course. 0- I…………………..( tell) John what you said. 10-I…………………..( hear) that story before. 11-We………………..( lend) money to them several times. 12- Mr. Smith …………( go) to South America to work. 13- He………………..( make) that same mistake several times. 14- She………………( see) that movie three times.

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (continued) We also use the present perfect tense to describe an action that began in the past and has continued up to the present. He has worked here for two years. (He is still working here). They have lived here since June. (They are still living here). Note the difference in meaning between the following sentences: He has worked here for two years. (He is still working here.) He worked here for two years. (…but he doesn’t work here anymore.) Supply the correct tense, simple past tense or present perfect tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1- We are now living on 72nd Street where we……………(live) for two years. 1- We……………..(live) in Washington from 1950 to 1955. 1- Before he came to the United States, John……………….(work) as a carpenter. 1- Since coming here, however, he……………….(work) as a clerk. 1- My former teacher was Miss Smith. I ……………(study) with her for one year. 1- My present teacher is Mr. Jones. I………………( study) with him for six months. 1- It is natural that Mary speaks English well because she………….(speak) English all her life. 1- John ………….(work) hard all his life. (He is dead.) 1- John…………..(work) hard all his life. (He is alive.) 10- Mr. Smith……………..( leave) New York last month and ……………(work) in Pittsburg since then. 11-John, who is now in the fourth grade,…………………( study) English for two years. 12- I myself……………..(study) English steadily since 1956. 13- Henry, who is now in the hospital, ………………..( be) there. 14- when I saw him, John…………………(feel) very well. 15- We………………(buy) this car two years ago and…………. (drive)

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16- Up to the present time, I …………………never (be)………….further west than Chicago.

PREPOSITIONS Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition.

9- The car is……………………. the door. 2- The book…………………… the desk. 3- We walked…………………… the room. 4- He looked…………………… the window. 5- I put the letter………………… his hands.

6- The ship is now five miles…… the port. 7- The Hudson River lies west……New York City. 8- Heat changes ice…………………water. 9- Sit…………………………. that chair. 10-Do you usually have dinner…………home or….. a restaurant?

11-He arrived……………New York……….five o’ clock. 12-Our office is six blocks ……………..the station. 13- I hear it……………the radio. 14- We stopped overnight ………………Pittsburgh. 15- Wait for us……………the corner…………36th Street. 16- I’ll meet you…………..front………………the building. 23- She sat here……………me. 23- He arrived……………five o’clock …………..the Queen

Elizabeth. 23- The wind blew the paper…………….the window. 23- The dog jumped………………the fence. 24- I saw him……………..the corner……………Broadway and 42nd

Street. 24- The ball rolled………………the table. 24- He walked quickly……………the door. 24- He sat down…………….the table and began to write…………his

notebook. 24- We walked…………….Broadway and looked ……………all the

shop windows. 25- Every morning I get……………….the subway at 116th Street

and get………………at 34th Street. 25- Generally he goes……………..a walk………………..the park …………………..the afternoon.

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28. The thief climbed………………….the house………….an open window.

Complete the following sentences with the correct preposition. 9- I will be back ………………ten minutes.

9- Everyone had finished dinner……………….ten o’clock.

9- Will you lend me your pen ………….few minutes?

9- It has been raining steadily……………..yesterday.

9- I have known Mr.Smith……………many years.

9- France has been a Republic ……………1871.

9- I will wait here for him …………………three o’clock.

9- The game lasted……………..three hours.

9- Yesterday I bought a new hat………………Macy’s.

10-The same time I bought a new shirt. 1I-I have been working on this…………..an hour. 12- I get up………………..seven o’clock every morning and go to bed…………………………twelve. 13- I told him I would be there………………an hour. 14- I am usually quite tired……………..the end…………the day. 15- His health is improving day…………..day. 16- I see him………………..time………… time. 14- Once……………….a while I walk………..work.

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14- His office hours are……………9…………..5.

14- Did anyone call me……………my absence?

14- The train will leave…………….five minutes.

14- He didn’t arrive until late……………the afternoon.

14- I get up………………..6 o’clock and have my

breakfast……………..7.

14- I have not been there…………….last summer.

14- He will be back…………………an hour or two.

14- I will be back……………………..4 o’clock.

14- He has been studying English…………….two years.

VERBOS MODAIS Can-( poder) é usado para dizer que alguém tem habilidade para fazer algo. They can build a house in one week. She can learn Spanish if she wants to. I can’t ( cannot) go home now. Can the students be here tomorrow? Could- ( poder) passado e condicional do can. Everybody could attend that course last year. I think he could help you with your work

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. They could have done this before. She couldn’t come back before eleven o’clock May e Might- ( poder) é usado como permissão ou possibilidade de algo acontecer. I may go with you if you want. May we take some pictures here? You may not leave before noon She asked if she might open the window. It might rain this afternoon. He might have gone shopping. Must- (dever) é usado para dizer que: temos certeza que algo é verdadeiro; * é necessário fazer algo. *You’ve been traveling all day. You must be tired. *Carol knows a lot about films. She must like to go to the movies. TEXTO: RESEARCH USING THE INTERNET. Erindale College University of Toronto at Mississauga. More and more students are turning to Internet when doing research for their assignments, and more and more instructors are requiring such research when setting topics. However, research on the Net is very different from traditional library research, and the differences may cause problems. The Net is a tremendous resource, but it must be used carefully and critically. The printed resources you find in the library have almost always been thoroughly evaluated by experts before they are published. This process of “peer review” is the difference between, for example, an article in Time magazine and one in a journal such as the University of Toronto Quarterly. Furthermore, when books and other materials

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come into the University library system, they are painstakingly and systematically catalogued and cross- referenced using procedures followed by research libraries the world over. This process is the basis for the way materials are organized in the Library, and it makes possible the various search functions of UTCAT. On the Internet, on the other hand, “ anything goes”. Anyone can put anything they want on a Web site, there is no review or screening process, and there are no agreed-upon standard ways of identifying subjects and creating cross- references. This is both the girl and the weakness of the Net- it’s either freedom or chaos, depending on your point of view, and it means that you should pay close attention when doing research on- line. There are a great many solid academic resources available on the Net, including hundreds of on-line journals and sites set up by universities and scholarly or scientific organizations. The University of Toronto Library’s Electronic Resources page is one such academic source, and we have listed others. Using material from sources is no problem; it’s just like going to the Library, only on- line. It’s all the other stuff on The Net that you have to be cautious about. (Adapted from:http:// www.erin,utoronto.cal/ ~w3lib/ pub/ evaluate/ webvalu.htm). Glossário Assignement- tarefa To set - marcar, determinar Thoroughly - completamente To peer - olhar com atenção Quarterly - publicação trimestral Furthermore- além disso Painstakingly – cuidadosamente Screening - seleção Available- -conselho

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Scholarly- -especializada A- Responda as seguintes questões.

7- Qual a função dos verbos modais destacados no texto? ) May...................................................................................... ) Must..................................................................................... ) Can...................................................................................... ) Should................................................................................ 2- Qual é o conselho dado em relação ao uso da Internet no primeiro parágrafo? ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 3-Qual é a diferença entre um artigo da Time e o jornal da UTCAT? .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... 4- Porque ao se fazer uma pesquisa na Net é necessário uma atenção

redobrada nos materiais pesquisados? .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................

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5-- Que tipo de material é seguro na Internet?

.................................................................................................................... 6- Na sua opinião, qual a vantagem de se pesquisar na Internet? ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................ B) Retire do texto:

1- Dois verbos no presente perfeito 2-Três verbos diferentes no presente simples. ( exceto verbo “ to be’’) ................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................ 3-Um adjetivo com o sufixo –ED. ..................................................................................................................

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TEXTO: SMOKING. Smoking is permissible in most places unless is a “ No Smoking’’ sign, or unless you are in a school, auditorium, etc. Before you light a cigarette, always make sure to look for any signs regarding smoking. If you are in a house or in a public building, and cannot find and use an ashtray, do not smoke. Never put out a cigarette on the floor. A man should always light a cigarette for a woman before he lights his own. Smoking is correct during meals if all the others are doing it and if there are ashtrays on the table. Never substitute a plate for an ashtray. Although it is usually permissible to smoke, as a courtesy to your hostess, always ask permission before lighting your cigarette. If you smoke always carry your own cigarettes, and accept only if they are offered to you. De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa correta: 1- a) É permitido fumar em todos os lugares, inclusive em igrejas e auditórios públicos. b-Só não é permitido fumar em escolas e igrejas. c- Permite-se fumar na maioria dos lugares. d-Em quase todos os lugares encontramos o aviso: “ É proibido fumar” e- Na maioria dos auditórios não se encontra o aviso: “É proibido fumar” 2- a) Se você tem o vício de fumar, pode fumar em todos os prédios que entrar. b)Quando estiver no interior de um prédio, caso não encontre um cinzeiro, não fume. c) Quando estiver no interir de um edifício, procure um cinzeiro, mas não fume. d) Depois de entrar num prédio, se encontrar um cinzeiro, não saia sem fumar. e)Procure um cinzeiro para fumar antes de entrar no prédio. 3-

a) É correto fumar às refeições quando as outras pessoas também estiverem fumando.

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b) Não é correto fumar às refeições quando os outros estiverem com o cigarro no cinzeiro. c) Quando houver cinzeiros na mesa, fica-se obrigado a fumar durante as refeições. d)Se não houver cinzeiro na mesa, os outros não devem fumar. e)Se não houver cinzeiro na mesa, use um dos pratos vazios.

1- a)- Você deve sempre levar cigarros para agradar sua anfitriã. b)- É melhor ganhar cigarro dos outros do que usar os seus. c)-Para ser cortês, você deve oferecer cigarro à anfitriã. d) A verdadeira anfitriã não permite que o seu convidado fume. e)O hóspede deve pedir licença à anfitriã para fumar.

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TEXTO: “IN THIS WORLD NOTHING IS CERTAIN BUT DEATH AND TAXES’’ Benjamin Franklin, 1789. At the end of 19th century, the question was how to tax commerce via the telegraph. At the end of the 20th century, the question is how to tax commerce via Internet. It’s not an idle question. Recent estimates suggest that business-to- business e commerce will reach$1.3 trillion by the year 2003. Needless to say, governments are concerned to make sure anonymity and boundary less nature of the Internet doesn’t lead to a reduction in their tax income. Responda de acordo com o texto: 1- The introductory quotation by Benjamin Franklin points out that death and taxes: a) show that there is nothing certain in the world. b) are the only certainties in this world. c) may be the only certainties in this world. d) prove the uncertainty of life in this world. e) represent uncertainties in our present life. 2-According to the text, a major concern at the moment is how to: ) increase taxation imposed on commerce via telegraph. ) exempt companies from paying taxes derived from e- commerce ) audit those companies which sell via the telegraph. ) impose levies on commercial transactions made through the

Internet ) finance e- commerce via The Internet until it reaches $1.3 trillion 3-A reduction in government’s tax collection: a) has been studied and negotiated through the Internet. b) would stabilize the commerce via the Internet. c) could be caused by the basic characteristics of the Internet.

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d) would generate severe sanctions on e-commerce. e) will represent a source of concern by the year 2003.

4- Which of the statements below does not reflected the content of text? a) int the 19th century, levies had not been created yet a) $1,3 trillion is a possible figure concerning e-commerce in the future a) anonymity is one of the features of the Internet a) governments are worried about a decrease in tax-collection a) the absence of frontiers is a reality in the Internet 5 – Taxing e-commerce is: ) an irrelevant worry ) disregarded by governments ) avoidable in the long-term ) a future tax exemption ) a cause of present concern

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TEXTO: STRESS RELIEF

When you are stressed, your blood pressure rises, your heart rate increases, and a host of stress hormones are dumped into your blood, says Susan Johnson, director of continuing education at the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas. Chronic stress can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to any thing from the common cold to cancer. Walking causes your brain to produce mood- elevating beta- endorphins, and may help prevent you from becoming depressed or anxious. 9- Sobre o que é o texto? 2- O que acontece quando você está com stress? 3- O que o stress crônico pode causar? 4- O que é bom fazer para combater o stress? Por quê?

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TEXTO: THE MICROCHIP REVOLUTION The microchip revolution is based on the size and cost. Microchips give us cheap computing power in a tiny space. As the cost of microchips continues to fall, it becomes economically worthwhile to use them in more and more ways. We have to accept the microchip, or face the alternative of opting out of the free world market. Accepting the microchip brings benefits and problems. The benefits include greater efficiency in finding and using information; the possibility of higher living standards through increased productivity ; greater control over pollution and the use of natural resources; help for the sick and disabled; and a whole range of “smart’’machines to inform, entertain and serve us. We can guard against some of the problems. We can, for example, be alive to the danger of the misuse of information help on the computer files. There is the problem of alienation: people who cannot find a place in the technological world of future. To guard against this problem, we need education and training schemes, and machines which are easy to use. Finally , there’s the problem of people whose skills are made redundant by machines. Again, there’s a need for education and retraining . The wealth needed to pay schemes like these is more likely to appear if we use the microchip. 0- What are the main ideas of the text?

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Responda de acordo com o texto:

0- According to paragraph I, the economic aspect of the microchip revolution:

) is one of its two main advantages ) is not relevant to all

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) shows the constant increase in the cost of microchips ) is a disadvantage in financial terms ) reflects its inconsistency 2 – According to paragraph 2, those who do NOT accept the microchip revolution will: ) be able to participate in the free world market in a more

advantageous way ) certainly guarantee their presence in the free world market ) be naturally excluded from the free world market ) be naturally incorpored into the free world market ) face a wider and more effective participation in the free world market 3 – According to paragraph 4, we might have to face: ) the lack of consistency in the information stored on the computer

files ) the periodical updating of data on files ) the incorrect manipulation on microchips ) the improper use of data contained on the computer files ) the meticulous manipulation of data help on the computer files 4 – Cite pelo menos 4 benefícios que os microchips proporcionam às pessoas. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 – O que fazer em relação às pessoas que não se adequarem à tecnologia ? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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6 – E o que fazer em relação à mão-de-obra humana que se tornar desnecessária devido as máquinas ? ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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TEXTO: A DRUG HE DISCOVERED FOR TRANSPLANT PATIENTS IS NOW HELPING MILLIONS FIGHT AIDS.

“ Some of the most deadly infections come from fungi in the air we breathe,’’ says Ken Richardson, a pharmaceutical company researcher. “ When you have a healthy immune system, it’s not a problem.” Richardson and his team discovered a lifesaving drug in the early 1980s o treat fungal infections in cancer and transplant patients. When AIDS patients began turning up with fungal infections, they thought their new medicine might help. I’ll never forget the first time we tried it in an AIDS patient. She was hallucinating from a fungal infection that was damaging her brain. The doctor gave her our drug and the next day the hallucinations were gone. Two weeks later she left the hospital.” Today, the drug Richardson discovered for his company helps millions of people around the world. For me a drug saves more than a life. It can save a family.” Pharmaceutical company researches have 122 HIV/ AIDS drugs in development. For our free booklet on HIV/ AIDS call 800-862-5110 or visit us on the internet at www.phrmg.org.

(Reader’s Digest, April 1997, p.03) A-Responda às seguintes questões de acordo com o texto:

1- Do que o texto trata?

__________________________________________________________

0- De onde vem a maioria das infecções mortais?

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0- Quem é Ken Richardson? 0- O que Richardson e sua equipe descobriram? Quando?

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

0- O que aconteceu a uma paciente com AIDS após duas semanas

usando a droga? 0- Quantos tipos de drogas para AIDS há em desenvolvimento? 0- Dê a tradução das seguintes palavras no contexto lido: 1-fight___________________________________________________ 0- researcher_____________________________________________ 0- breathe________________________________________________ 0- lifesaving_______________________________________________ 0- medicine_______________________________________________ 0- tried___________________________________________________ 0- were gone______________________________________________ 0- around the world________________________________________

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TEXTO: THE CIVIL WAR. The conflicts worsened , and in 1861, the Southern States states seceded, or separated, from the Union and formed a new nation: The Confederate States of America.The Northern states refused to accept this. President Lincoln had not wanted war, but war became inevitable. The American Civil War lasted four years. More Americans died in his war than in all others wars combined. Before the war, there had been great advances in weapons but few advances n medicine. Soldiers who weren’t killed outright often did of their wounds. Many regiments lost over half of their men in a single battle. The North had certain great advantages over the South. It had a larger population and most of the country’s factories and banks. But it had the more difficult task- conquest rather than defense. Also, many of the nation’s top military leaders were from Southern states and joined The Southern cause. Effects of the War When the war finally ended in 1865, the South had been devasted. The state of Virginia alone hab been the scene of 26 major battles and over 400 smaller fights. The most important long-term effect of the war was the end of slavery. Black Americans were made citizens and were given the right to vote. The Civil War helped transform the nation’s economy and way of life. The war effort required more factories and better transportation systems. The north became much more industrialized than before. One Northerner commented after the war “It does not seem to me as if I were living in the country in which I was born.”

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Glossário To worsen - piorar To secede – abandonar, separar Weapon – arma Outright – logo, imediatamente Wound – ferimento Task – tarefa, serviço Rather than – ao invés de Long-term – longa duração Slavery – escravidão Citizen – cidadão A) Responda as seguintes questões de acordo com o texto: 1. Por que houve tantas mortes na Guerra Civil Americana ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Quais vantagens o Norte teve em relação ao Sul ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Quais foram alguns dos efeitos da Guerra Civil ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Quais os benefícios da Guerra Civil ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Qual foi o período da Guerra Civil Americana ? ____________________________________________________________ 6. Qual foi um dos motivos da Guerra ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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B) Retire do texto: 1. Três verbos do Passado Perfeito ________________ ___________________ __________________ 2. Um verbo no Presente Simples e um no Passado Contínuo. ____________________________________________________________ 3. Quatro verbos irregulares no Passado Simples. Escreva o Presente Simples de cada um. ______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________

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FALSOS COGNATOS Falsos cognatos, também chamados de falsos amigos, são palavras normalmente derivadas do latim, portanto têm a mesma origem e aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que com o decorrer dos anos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes. INGLÊS- PORTUGUÊS PORTUGUÊS- INGLÊS 1- Actually (adv) – na verdade... 1 – Atualmente – nowadays, today o fato é que...

2-Agenda (n) – pauta do dia, pauta 2 – Agenda – appointment book; agenda para discussões 3-Amass(v) – acumular, juntar 3-Amassar – crush 4-Anticipate (v) – prever; aguardar 4 –Antecipar – to do or take in advance ficar na expectativa 5-Application (n) – incrição, registro, 5-Aplicação (financeira) - investment uso 6-Appointment (n) – hora marcadora 6-Apontamento – note 7-Apreciation (n) – gratidão, 7-Apreciação - judgement reconhecimento 8-Argument (n) – discussão, 8-Argumento – reasoning, point bate-boca 9-Assist (v) – ajudar, dar suporte 9-Assistir – to attend, to watch 10-Assume (v) – presumir, aceitar 10-Assumir – to take over como verdadeiro 11-Attend (v) – assistir, participar de 11-Atender – to help; to answer; to see; to examine 12-Audience (n) – platéia, público 12-Audiência – court appearance;

interview 13-Balcony (n) – sacada 13-Balcão – counter 14-Baton (n) – batuta (música) 14-Batom - lipstick cacetete 15-Beef (n) – carne de gado 15 – Bife – steak

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16-Cafeteria (n) – refeitório 16-Cafeteira (bule de café) - cofeepot tipo universitário ou industrial 17-Carton (n) – caixa de papelão, 17-Cartão - card pacote de cigarros (200) 18-Casuaity (n) – baixas (mortes 18-Casualidade - chance ocorridas em acidente ou guerra) 19-Cigar (n) – charuto 19-Cigarro – cigarrete 20-Collar (n) – gola, colarinho, 20-Colar - necklace coleira 21-College (n) – faculdade, ensino 21-Colégio (2º grau) – high school de 3º grau 22-Commodity (n) – artigo, 22-Comodidade - comfort mercadoria 23-Competition (n) – concorrência 23-Competição – contest 24-Comprehensive (adj) – abrangente, 24-Compreensivo - understandable amplo, extenso 25-Compromise (v) – entrar em acordo, 25-Compromisso – appointment, date fazer concessão 26-Contest (n) – competição, concurso 26-Contexto – context 27-Convenient (adj) – prático 27-Conveniente – appropriate 28-Costume (n) – fantasia (roupa) 28-Costume – custom, habit 29-Data (n) – dados (números, 29-Data - date informações) 30-Deception (n) – logro, fraude, o 30-Decepção - disappointment ato de enganar 31-Defendant (n) – réu, acusado 31-Advogado de defesa – defense

attorney 32-Design (v,n) – projetar, criar; 32-Designar - to appoint projeto, estilo 33-Editor (n) – redator 33-Editor – Publisher

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34-Educated (adj) – instruído, 34-Educado – with com alto grau de escolaridade well-mannered, polite 35-Emission (n) – descarga (de 35-Emissão – issuing (of a document, gases, etc.) etc.) 36-Enroll (v) – inscrever-se, 36-Enrolar - to roll; to Wind; to curl alistar-se, registrar-se 37-Eventually (adv) – 37-Eventualmente - occasionally finalmente 38-Excitting (adj) – empolgante 38-Excitante – thrilling 39-Exit (n,v) – saída, sair 39-Êxito – success 40-Expert (n) – especialista, 40-Esperto – smart, clever perito 41-Exquisite (adj) – refinado 41-Esquisito – strange 42-Fabric (n) – tecido 42-Fábrica – plant, factory 43-Genial (adj) – afável, aprazível 43-Genial – brilliant 44-Graduate program (n) – Curso 44-Curso de Graduação - undergraduate de Pós-Graduação program 45-Cold – frio 45-Gripe – cold, flu, influenza 46-Hazard – risco 46-Azar – bad luck 47-Ingenuity – engenhosidade 47-Ingenuidade – naiveté / naivety 48-Injury – ferimento 48-Injúria – insult 49-Inscripition – inscrição 49-Inscrição – registration, application 50-Intoxication – intoxicação 50-Intoxicação - poisoning

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DOUBLE SENSE WORDS

Mike is not married. He is a bachelor. He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in biology. You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters. The character of this film had a bad character. She is very cruel and rude. We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This directory is in the directory of the school. Debbie is very content because she had time to study all the content for the exam. The principal of the school tell us that the violence in schools is the principal preocupation.

EXERCISES Put an (x) in the correct signification of the double sense words, in this sentences: 1-I need to cancel your documents.

rimbar.

2-She is the principal of the school. principal

3-The operator (a) give me the wrong number of the plant(b) ( ) operador ( ) telefonista

( ) fábrica.

4-His mark was terrible. ( ) mark ( nota).

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9- We are lost. We need a compass now. 9- He is the most famous bachelor of the party

( ) bacharel ( ) solteirão .

9- Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)? a- ( ) capital ( ) principal b- ( ) porcelana ( ) China

EXERCISES Write in English

1-Eu não fui capaz de entender este assunto porque ele era muito abrangente.

2-Ela pretendeu sair, mas em vez disso ela teve que assistir a uma palestra.

3-Ele se tornou tão assustado com a violência diária que conseqüentemente ele se trancou em casa. 4-O prefeito estava interessado em evitar um risco para a população. 5- Eu tinha notado que ele tinha fingido conhecer aquele assunto real 6-Ele pretende dar assistência aos cidadãos idosos e aos programas

de bem estar. 7-Eu serei capaz de notar os meus erros. 8-Haverá uma melhoria na organização da minha empresa.

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9-Há uma revolução acontecendo no mundo financeiro através da América Latina.

10-Como um resultado, o sistema bancário não desenvolveu muito. 11-O foco da Internet tem sido nos computadores, realidade virtual e

vídeo games. 12- A maioria das universidades mundiais e Institutos de pesquisas estão

na Internet. 13 -Ele foi o diretor da escola desde Fevereiro. 14- O professor nos ensinou tanto Inglês quanto Matemática. 15- Nós temos notado esta publicação desde Janeiro. 16- Eu tenho entrado em contato com aqueles usuários desde Maio. 17- Seria interessante realizar uma pesquisa similar na América Latina. 18- Os cientistas não tem sido capazes de solucionar todos os mistérios do

cérebro.

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TEXTO: A STAR TURN FOR PRESIDENT? It’s no joke and liberals aren’t laughing: actor Warren Beatty is considering running for the democratic Party’s presidential nomination. Sources say he is making and taking calls in a world of politics he knows very well; he is been close to Democratic campaigns going back to Robert F.Kennedy in 1968. With no full- throated liberals in the race, Activists say they are telling Beatty to run. He’s planning to take a month or so to decide. At first, friends say Beatty worried about whether he would be taken seriously. But they say he had been pleasantly surprised by the early reaction. There were fewer jokes than expected. Sources close to the actor say that his wife, actress Annette Bening, is Enthusiastic, and, she, I like her husband, had practiced the role. He played the eponymous protest candidate in “ Bulworth”; in “ The American President”she fell in love with the commander in chief.

- Traduza:

1-running for- 2-full throated liberals. 3-She has practiced the role. B)- Answer the following questions: 1-Who is thinking about running for the presidential nomination? 2-Who is encouraging him to run? 3-How long does he need to decide? 4-What was Beatty worried about? 5-What had he been surprised with? 6-Do you agree a star turns for President?

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PRINCIPAL PARTS OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS Present Past Past Participle Tradução Arise Arose Arisen Surgir, aparecer Awake Awoke Awakened Acordar Bear Bore Borne Carregar, suportar Beat Beat Beaten Bater, vencer Become Became Become Tornar-se Begin Began Begun Começar Bend Bent Bent Inclinar-se,dobrar Bet Bet Bet Apostar Bind Bound Bound Ligar, juntar Bite Bit Bitten Morder Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar Blow Blew Blown Soprar, ventar Bring Brought Brought Trazer Build Built Built Construir Burst Burst Burst Estourar,explodir Cast Cast Cast Lançar, perder Catch Caught Caught Pegar Choose Chose Choosen Escolher

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BIBLIOGRAFIA GUANDALINI, Otávio Eiter- Técnicas de Leitura em Inglês 1ª edição.Editora Textonovo-2003, vol.1. DIXSON, RobertJ. Dixson- Graded Exercises in English. 20 edição . Editora Ao livro Técnico- 2001

SWEENEY, Simon- Communicating in Business-20 edição. Cambridge University Press- 2001. CRUZ, Décio Torres- Alba Valéria- Marta Valéria- 10 edição. Disal Editora-2001

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MURPHY, Raymond with Roann Altman- Grammar in Use- Reference and practice for intermediate students of English

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