Aplikasi Prinsip Gc Pada Kad

8/11/2019 Aplikasi Prinsip Gc Pada Kad

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SUSTAINABILITY IN (Analytical)

CHEMISTRYGreen Chemical Analysis

Green of Analytical Chemistry

Application of the principles of green chemistryin analytical chemistry


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12 Principles of green chemistry

1. Pollution Prevention

2. Atom Economy

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

4. Designing Safer Chemicals

5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries 6. Design for Energy Efficiency

7. Use of Renewable Feed stocks

8. Reduce Derivatives

9. Catalysis

10. Design for Degradation

11. Real-time analysis for Pollution Prevention

12. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention


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Analytical Chemistry

The main role of analytical chemistry is to be a controlling tool orset of tools in chemistry.

As a tool, the analytical procedures give information about chemicalsubstances, their occurrence in organisms, and the environment.

It has supported the development of chemical engineering and

technology for production of chemicals. The product life-cycle analysis is impossible without the chemical

analysis of components and degradation products.

The development of the standards and specifications to be used inindustry and agriculture is strongly based on the evidence obtained

by analytical chemistry and controlled by chemical methods. Analytical chemistry is the only way to justify the environmental

friendliness of new methods, processes, and products.


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Green Chemical Analysis

The relationship between green chemistry and analyticalchemistry can be treated in two ways : Analytical chemistry is a subject to control and justify green

chemistry.

Kimia analitik berperan menjustify apakah produk kimia atauteknologi kimia hijau atau tidak

Analytical chemistry becomes an object of application of the principlesof green chemistry, and can be the target of a green chemistryapproach similarly to other areas of chemistry and chemicaltechnology.

On the other hand, chemical analysis methods need solvents,reagents, and energy, and they generate wastememenuhiprinsip green chemistry ?

Dalam aktivitas analisis kimia juga harus diterapkan prinsip-prinsipgreen chemistry


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Green Chemical Analysis

The principles of green chemistry, suggested by Anastas and

Warner [6], are directly related to analytical chemistry as well,

the most important of them being

prevention of waste generation (1)

safer solvents and auxiliaries (5)

design for energy efficiency (6) ; and

safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical

accidents (12).


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Green chemical analysis

What is green analytical chemistry?

The goal of green analytical chemistry is to use analyticalprocedures that generate less hazardous waste and thatare safer to use and more benign to the environment.

The main analytical result is related to an increase ofanalysis reliability, higher precision, and time saving, whichvery positively combineswith a substantial reduction ofwaste.


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Tahapan dalam Analisis Kimia

The general scheme of an analytical system.


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PREPARASI SAMPEL

Identifikasi ketidakgreenan

Greening(menghijaukan) prosedur analisis


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Identifikasi ketidakgreenan prosedur dalam

analisis kimia

Sample preparation and separation :

Bahan kimiaBahan kimia


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Preparation : wet destruction

Sample : Inorganic Solidfor metal determination

Sampel padatAsam anorganik

kuat-pekat (HNO3)

Larutan

Larutan siap analisis

Suhu tinggi

Pelarut

Prinsip 1 Prinsip 5 Prinsip 6 Prinsip 12

Prevention

of waste

generation

Safer

Solvents

and

Auxiliaries

Design for

Energy

Efficiency.

Safer

Chemistry

to minimize

accident

potential

x v x x

Gas NO2toksik


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Dry destruction

Sample organic solidfor metal determination

Prinsip 1 Prinsip 5 Prinsip 6 Prinsip 12

Prevention

of waste

generation

Safer

Solvents

and

Auxiliaries

Design for

Energy

Efficiency.

Safer

Chemistry

to minimize

accident

potential

X X X

Sampel padat

Ashing aid(MgO)

Pembakaran

T = 500-600oC

HCl


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Greening

Pengunaan microwave digester

Gelombang mikro

Tanpa asam/volume asam kecil

Microwave Digestion increases

reaction rates while decreases

digestion times for sample

preparation through the use of

sealed, high-pressure, high-

temperature vessels


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Additional energy saving is possible when a microwave

treatment or even just microwave heating is incorporated into

the process.

An ultrasonic irradiation may also have a strong effect on

several sample treatments.

The development of photochemical methods is a highly green

way in analytical chemistry as well.


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PENGUKURAN/ANALISIS

Metode yang digunakan :

Volumetri

Gravimetri

Spektrofotometri

Elektrometri


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Identifikasi ketidakgreenan

RingkasanMetode analisis Deskripsi Greenless identified Prinsip Green

Chemistry yang

dilanggar

Volumetri Didasarkan pada

reaksi-reaksi kimia

Digunakan zat-zat

kimia sebagai pereaksi

Pencegahan

terbentuknya limbah

Tidak sensitif Penggunaan volumezat kimia yang besar

Dihasilkan limbah

Gravimetri Didasarkan pada

pembentukan endapan

yang dikeringkan

melalui pemijaran

pada suhu 600oC

Diperlukan pereaksi

kimiadihasilkan

limbah

Pencegahan

terbentuknya limbah

Perlu energy listrik

yang besar

Aktivitas yang hemat

energiSpektrofotometri Sampel harus dalam

bentuk larutan

Diperlukan proses

preparasi dengan

asam-asam dengan

volum yang besar

Pencegahan

terbentuknya limbah

Diperlukan pereaksi

dan pelarut organic

ekstraksi

Digunakan pereaksi-

pereaksi kimia dan

pelarut organik

Kimia yang aman

Dihasilkan limbah


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Greening

modifying an old method to incorporate procedures that

either use less hazardous chemicals or use lesser amounts

of hazardous chemicals. developing new analytical methodologies

Use of direct techniques of analysis,

i.e. different laser-spectroscopic methods

or solventless processes of analysis instrumental methods in analysis is a decrease in sample

volume needed for analysis.


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Greening Signal Acquisiton

1. Spectroscopy

2. Electrochemistry 3. Bioanalytical chemistry


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Contoh developing an old method to incorporate procedures

that either use less hazardous chemicals or use lesser

amounts of hazardous chemicals.

Identifikasi kation : penggunaan berbagai pereaksi kimia)diganti

dengan metode AAS Analisis COD : digunakan K2Cr2O7merupakan oksidator, sebagai

larutan standar sebagai sumber oksigenCr(VI) bersifat toksik

diganti dengan oksidator lain yang tidak toksik, misal KMnO4

Penentuan konsentrasi ion logam dan semi logam (S, V) dengan AAS

dan spektrofotometri Visibelmemerlukan preparasi dan pereaksikimiadiganti dengan metode XRF atau AAN

Gravimetridiganti dengan Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)

Aplikasi Prinsip Gc Pada Kad

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