API ® Tech Data Book, 9 th Edition For the Improved Design and Operation of Petroleum Refineries.

API® Tech Data Book, 9th Edition

For the Improved Design and Operation of Petroleum Refineries

API® Tech Data Book 9

Technical Overview

An API Standard - Developed/Maintained under API Funding for over 50+ years. Mission Statement: provide a critically reviewed compilation of the physical and

thermodynamic data and correlations that are of most interest to petroleum refiners for process evaluation and equipment design

Provides the technical expert’s recommendations on what data and methods should be employed to accurately predict the phase equilibrium and thermo-physical properties of chemical and refining streams.

This information is necessary for the cost effective design of and for the safe and efficient operation of process units.

Stewardship/Critical Review – API Technical Data Committee Over 10,000 copies of the printed Data Book have been sold in the US and

abroad Unmatched accuracy for key technical data used in the design and operation

of chemical and refining facilities in the 9th Edition: Hydrocarbon – Water Solubilities Physical Properties of Sulfur Containing Components Petroleum Fraction Characterization

An educational tool in thermodynamics for the practicing Chemical Engineer


Product History

1966 - First edition released 1970 to 1997 – Five new editions based on twelve interim revisions 1996 – Technical Data Committee decides to develop an electronic Data

Book counterpart – RFP process completed in 1997 and contract awarded to EPCON International

1998 – First electronic version was introduced as the API Tech Database – 40% coverage of the Tech Data Book topics

1999 – 13th revision package - the last update to the printed version 2001 – Version 2 electronic – 70% coverage of the Tech Data Book topics 2002 – Version 3 electronic – 100% coverage of the Tech Data Book topics

(distribution of the printed 6th Edition is discontinued) 2005 – The 7th Edition marks the completion of the re-mastering process of

the Data Book into searchable text format and the 4th version of the software interface (first new, printed Data Book available since 1999).

2007 – The 8th Edition released as the 40th Anniversary Edition 2009 – Version 8.1 with all data book updates released. 2013 – Version 9 with all new software components will be released

API® Tech Data Book 9Current API Technical Data

Committee Membership

Cal Spencer, Chair (KBR) David Bluck (Invensys) Joel Glassett (BP) Jack Heidman (ExxonMobil) Homy Maerefat (CBI/Lummus) Patrick Malone (Shell Global Solutions) Paul Mathias (Fluor) Henry Ren (Chevron) Greg Cantley (Marathon Petroleum) Howard Wilson (Phillips 66) Todd Willman (EPCON International, ex-officio) Duane Brown (API Staff Support)


Technical Coverage

Volume I - General Properties and CharacterizationChapter 1 - General DataChapter 2 - Characterization of HydrocarbonsChapter 3 - Petroleum Fraction Distillation InterconversionsChapter 4 - Critical PropertiesChapter 5 - Vapor PressureChapter 6 – Density

Volume II - Thermal Properties and Phase EquilibriaChapter 7 - Thermal PropertiesChapter 8 - Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-ValuesChapter 9 - Phase Equilibria in Systems Containing Water

Volume III - Surface & Transport Properties and CombustionChapter 10 - Surface and Interfacial TensionChapter 11 - ViscosityChapter 12 - Thermal ConductivityChapter 13 - DiffusivityChapter 14 - CombustionChapter 15 - Adsorption EquilibriaChapter 16 – Software Applications


API Funded Data Book Development

1959 to 1999 Conducted at Pennsylvania State University Principal Investigators: Fenske, Braun, Daubert, Danner Total API funding of $3.5MM

2000 to 2013 Total API funding of $900K+ Core research of $50K-$75K each year Development/Maintenance revision handled by

• EPCON International – oversees all software and data revisions• Sr. Consultant: Costa Tsonopoulos (Exxon, 20 year Technical Data

Committee member, Chairman 1999-2000)• Membership in DIPPR

Over $4MM in Direct Research & Development Funded by API


API Funded Related Research

1989 to 1995 Phase equilibrium on Oxygenates (MTBE, TAME, ETBE) in Hydrocarbons and prototype

Gasolines $315K

1989 to 1994 VLE of prototype systems at Hydroprocessing conditions (H2, NH3, H2S, H2O in

Hydrocarbons/Oils) $250K

1989 to 1998 Crude Oil Characterization Study $750K

1996 to 1997 Reid Vapor Pressure data on prototype petroleum products and crude oils $50K

2000 to 2005 Phase equilibrium of sulfur compounds in gasoline/diesel $175K


API Funded Related Research (2)

2011 to 2013 Phase equilibrium of Mercury - Light Naphtha systems $20K

2012 to 2013 Improved correlation for viscosity of Heavy Oils (+1000 ºF NBP) $150K

Over $2MM in Related Research Funded by API and its Members


API TDB Corporate Licensees

Corporate – Unlimited Use Bechtel (1999-2009)

BP (1998-2013)

Chevron (1999-2013)

Citgo (1999-2013)

ConocoPhillips (1998-2013)

Foster Wheeler (1999-2013)

KBR (1998-2013)

Marathon (1998-2013)

Phillips 66 (2008-2013)

Shell Oil (1998-2013)

Over $1MM in Software Development funded by EPCON using Licensing Fees


Common Uses for API Tech

Independent cross-check of process simulator results Research and development tool for conceptual design and feasibility studies User-friendly design tool for engineers who infrequently use simulation

software Can be used as a basis for guarantees, commodity transfer, etc. as a

commonly accepted industry standard Useful in companies without readily available/timely technical support

through a central engineering group Good estimation tool for refineries and operating facilities (allows

consistency with the central office) Education/Training tool for young engineers and undergraduates in chemical

engineering programs Low-cost alternative for the consulting engineer to provide highly accurate

flash and mixture properties of chemical and petroleum streams


Example Data Book Strength

1. Thermal Conductivity (API Crude Oil Characterization Study in 2000 – closest shown blue)

Sample:

San Joaquin

Valley Crude

Temp, F Experimental

Btu/hr-ft-F

API Tech 8

Btu/hr-ft-F

Simulator 1

Btu/hr-ft-F

Simulator 2

Btu/hr-ft-F

Simulator 3

Btu/hr-ft-F

SG=.9483

BP=696 F

104

212

302

.0694

.0658

.0626

.0729

.0684

.0670

.0627

.0587

.0552

.0975

.0912

.0858

.0602

.0564

.0531

SG=.9872

BP=926 F

104

212

302

.0747

.0704

.0665

.0768

.0721

.0681

.0585

.0554

.0527

.1019

.0964

.0916

.0556

.0527

.0501



2. Kinematic Viscosity (API Crude Oil Characterization Study in 2000 – closest shown blue)

Sample:

Composite Petroleum Cut

Temp, F Experimental

cS

API Tech 8 cS

Simulator 1

cS

Simulator 2

cS

Simulator 3

cS

SG=.973

BP=1127

212

302

81.4

14.8

70.5

14.8

470.0

115.4

76.0

21.1

444.6

95.8

SG=.9872

BP=926 F

158

212

302

46.0

16.8

5.4

30.8

13.3

5.1

1169.7

373.4

93.9

41.6

21.4

9.9

18554

4185

556



3. Hydrogen Solubility (comparison to experimental data from several sources)

System: Temp, F Pressure, psia

Experimental

Liq.mol.frac.

Predicted

Liq.mol.frac

% deviation

Hydrogen – n-Butane

10

40

75

822

2390

1130

.04

.111

.062

.0361

.110

.0648

-9.75

-.90

4.52

Hydrogen – n-Hexane

100

160

650

1000

.04

.064

.0373

.0684

-7.50

6.88

Hydrogen – n-Decane

372.7

372.7

726

1463.7

.0678

.131

.0648

.121

-4.42

-7.63

Hydrogen - Cyclohexane

137.9

211.7

211.7

348.1

390.2

636.7

.01247

.01785

.02951

.0117

.0168

.0276

-6.17

-5.88

-6.47

Hydrogen - Benzene

320

320

500

1500

.0175

.0592

.0185

.0604

5.72

3.43



4. Mutual Solubilities of Water-Hydrocarbon Systems Can be Calculated on 3 Platforms in the API Tech Data Book

Direct Solubility Equation (semi-empirical, temperature dependent correlation) NRTL (Flash/Mixture Calculations) SRK-Kabadi-Danner (Flash/Mixture Calculations)

The Solubility Equation provides the best fit of the experimental data (i.e. the correct answer)

NRTL parameters for 100+ hydrocarbons and water have been highly tuned to fit the experimental data and essentially provide the same results of the Solubility Equation plus extremely accurate solubility for: Mixtures versus pure components Pressures other than Atmospheric Temperatures other than Ambient

SRK-KD provides reasonable estimates for Water-Hydrocarbon when accurate NRTL parameters are not available


Water – Propane Solubilities

Data Type(140 Deg.F)

Water in Propane

(mole%)

Propane in Water

Experimental Data .184 .0202

API Solubility Equation .186 .0200

API-NRTL .186 .0200

API-SRK-KD .250 .0270

API ® Tech Data Book, 9 th Edition For the Improved Design and Operation of Petroleum Refineries.

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Transcript of API ® Tech Data Book, 9 th Edition For the Improved Design and Operation of Petroleum Refineries.