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APISTEEL American Petroleum Institute
02
API Steel
API steel
POSCO established the API Steel Application Center at Pohang, Korea. Major facility investments and ongoing R&D activities have
enabled the company to produce steel for petroleum-related structures that exhibit outstanding performance under extreme conditions.
Contents
Pohang & Gwangyang Steelworks
Quality Management System
Inspection Flow of Steel Plate
R&D System
API Steel Overview
Production Processes
Special Features
Testing and Evaluation Methods
Forming & Testing Facilities
Steel Solutions
Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties
Future Challenges
API Pipe Production Processes
Available Size
Packing & Marking
Available Linepipe & OCTG Steels
Main Supply Records
Global Network
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API Steel
API Steel
PohangGwangyang
china
japan
koreaSeoul
The POSCO QualityUltra-High Quality Products Which Touch the Customer’s Soul
● Customer Inside : We create the best value for customers by keeping their needs foremost.
● Basic Inside : We focus on fundamentals and principles, eliminating deviation and waste.
● Synergy Inside : We seek to grow alongside our supplier chain through trust and communications.
POSCO is undertaking challenges to lead itself towards a new dream.
POSCO has created greatness from nothing through its challenging spirit and power
to take action over the past 50 years to overcome limits, while leading Korea's steel
industry to this day. However, POSCO is not ceasing to go to beyond. POSCO declared
a new grand vision called 'POSCO the Great' including a strong will for future growth.
POSCO will evolve into a company that is respected by all citizen of the world by
promoting new growth engines based on permanent new material, steel and an ongoing
commitment to upholding new values. Under the vision of 'POSCO the Great', POSCO
will move ahead to contribute to the coexistence and prosperity of human society by
creating value beyond mere profits based on exemplary products and service.
For Six Consecutive YearsPOSCO has ranked first in the world’s Most Competitive Steelmaker
RANK COMPANY SCORE
1 POSCO(Korea) 7.91
2 Nucor(USA) 7.55
3 NSSMC(Japan) 7.49
4 Gerdau(Brazil) 7.34
5 Severstal(Russia) 7.31
6 JSW Steel(India) 7.20
7 NLMK(Russia) 7.14
8 JFE(Japan) 7.10
9 Hyundai(Korea) 7.05
10 Erdemir(Turkey) 7.03
Source: WSD in 2015
Pohang works
Pohang Works was the first integrated steel mill ever built in Korea. This grandiose
project by Yeongil Bay started with Phase 1 being commissioned in 1973, and spanned
three more phases until its completion in February 1981. It currently runs carbon steel
and stainless steel processes and has played a pivotal role in promoting POSCO’s global
competitiveness with the establishment of the world’s first commercialized Finex process
in May 2007
Major products Hot- and cold-rolled steel, plates, wire rods, electrical steel, stainless steel, API
steel, etc.
Crude steel production 16.23 million tons (as of 2015) | Site Area 9,390,223㎡
Gwangyang works
Gwangyang Works is the largest unit steel plant in the world. With its optimum
factory allocation, it operates carbon steel and high mill processes for strategic,
high value-added products including automotive steel, high-strength hot-rolled steel,
high-grade API steel, and plates. Our goal is to position Gwangyang Works as the
single-source supplier of choice for automakers around the world.
Major products Hot- and cold-rolled steel, automotive steel, API steel, plates, etc.
Crude steel production 21.74 million tons (as of 2015) | Site Area 17,586,856㎡
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API Steel
API Steel
Finishing Mill
Shipping Finishing / Inspection & Warehousing
Dividing ShearCrop Shear Double Side Shear
Roughing Mill
Accelerated CoolingHot LevelerCooling Bed
Cold Leveler
Ultrasonic Test
Slab Inpectionthickness · width · length · weight
Plate Thickness Measure
Surface Inspectionscale · roll mark Plate Temperature Measure
Size, Surface, Shape Inspection Internal Defect Inspection
Heat Treatment
Internal Inspection
Reheating Furnace
Certifications of compliance of the quality system with ISO 9001, 14001Certifications of Quality Management System
Application Product Institute Renewal
ISO9001 Flat Product LRQA(UK) Every year Regular Inspection
Every 3 years, Certificate renewal
ISO14001 Environmental LRQA(UK) Every year Regular Inspection
Management System Every 3 years, Certificate renewal
POSCO guarantees quality products under its well-organized production system
Quality Management System Inspection Flow of Steel Plate
POSCO has the automated quality assurance system. Automated monitoring and concurrent feedback using a computer-based information
system make POSCO best quality assurance company.
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API Steel
API Steel
POSCO increased investment in the field of R&D during the period of economic downturn with the goal of strengthening the competitiveness of its key products in embracing the global market recovery.
Goal : Joint research and nurturing of outstanding researchers based on industry-university-institute collaboration
Organization
R&D System API Steel Overview
What the Specifications Mean The number after API is the minimum yield strength value required by the particular specification.
Unit conversion : 1ksi = 6.8947MPa = 0.70307 kgf/mm2
API stands for American Petroleum Institute, and the specifications applied by API steel for petroleum-related structures are globally in common use.
Joint Rese
arch
Joint ResearchManpower Exchange
Joint Research
Researcher Supply
* RIST Research Institute of Industrial Science &
Technology (established in 1987)
Next Generation Technology Research
Advanced Materials,Furture Energy,Eco-friendly Technology
www.rist.re.kr
* POSTECH Pohang University of Science & Technology
(established in 1986)
www.postech.ac.kr
Major Specifications
General service
Sour service
Arctic service
General service
Sour service
High strength
Pipelines API-5L
Oilwell pipe casing & tubing API-5CT
Offshore structuresAPI-2W, API-2H
Main Specifications Purpose RemarksApplication
B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60,
X65, X70, X80
J55, K55, N80, R95
L80, C90, T95, C110
P110, Q125
• TMCP: 2W-42, 50, 50T, 60
• Normalized: 2H-42, 50
Transport (crude oil, natural gas)
from oilfield through refinery
to end-user
Transport crude oil or natural
gas from deep in the earth
to the surface
Steel for resource recovery
facilities in or above the sea
API-X70 means a minimum yield strength of 70 (70ksi = a minimum yield strength of 485MPa)
The strength of API steel is the required physical property value after the pipe has been welded and heat treated. Oilwell pipe : Obtain the required strength through post-production heat treatment
Family R&D Collaboration
Seed Research & Education
GIFT : Graduate Institute of Ferrous TechnologyGEM : Graduate School of Engineering Mastership
POSLAB Steel ResearchProcess / ProductDevelopment
Product Applications
* POSLAB POSCO Technical Research Laboratories
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API Steel
API Steel
Production Processes
Plate Production
Reheating FurnaceSlabs transferred from the continuous casting mill are reheated uniformly in all directions (width, breadth and depth) to the optimum rolling temperature (1000~1300°C).
Roughing MillThe vertical scale breaker and high-pressure descaler remove the scales from the slab surface. The slabs are also shaped to the proper thickness, width and shape for rolling in the finishing mill.
Finishing MillThe steel sheet is rolled to the dimensions required by individual customers.
Accelerated cooling LineThe steel sheet is cooled to the aimed temperature. The cooling speed is controlled to satisfy mechanical requirements by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water.
Hot LevelerThe flatness of the steel sheet is controlled in the hot leveling process.
Reheating furnace
Roughing mill
VSB (HSE) Descaler (FSB)
Finishing millAccelerated cooling line
Hot leveler Cooling bed
Hot-rolling
Reheating furnace Primary roughing mill
Finishing mill Run Out Table Laminar Flow
Edger roll
Edge heater
Descaler(FSB)Pinch Roll
Coiling Line
R1 R2
VSB(vertical scale breaker)
Reheating FurnaceSlabs transferred from the continuous casting mills are uniformly reheated to the ideal temperature for hot rolling.
Roughing MillThe vertical scale breaker and high-pressure descaler are used to remove scales from the slab surface. The slabs are also shaped to the proper thickness, width and shape for rolling in the finishing mill.
Finishing MillThe strip is rolled to the dimensions required by the specific customer applications. The pair-cross mill and online roll grinder control the shape and crown of the strip, improving quality and productivity.
Cooling and CoilingThe strip is cooled to the aimedtemperature. The cooling speedand cooling water spray patternare adjusted to control mechanicalproperties.
Special Features
Quality Features of Hot-rolled API Steel
Note) DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test), HIC (Hydrogen Induced Crack), SSCC (Sulfide Stress Corrosion Crack), FPBT (Four Point Bending Test)
CLT (Constant Loading Test), CVN (Charpy V-Notch Test)
Main Quality RequirementsDivision Detailed Quality Features
• Low YR
• Higher yield strength than usual specs
• Toughness (CVN, DWTT)
• Shape quality (telescope, camber)
• Low YR
• Higher yield strength than usual specs
• Toughness (CVN, DWTT)
• Diagonal-oriented yield strength
• Shape quality (telescope, camber)
• HIC resistance (CLR≤15% in very high acidity)
• SSCC resistance (85% in FPBT and CLT SMYS)
• Low YR
• Toughness (CVN and DWTT)
• Shape quality (telescope, camber)
• Excellent crack propagation resistance
• Excellent cold crack resistance
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
• Excellent crack propagation resistance
• Can endure repeated vertical load from ground surface freezing and
thawing in cold climate
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
• Comparatively higher yield strength for each grade guaranteed
• Excellent resistance to hydrogen craking and crack propagation
• Comparatively higher yield strength for each grade guaranteed
• Excellent resistance to cold crack
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
Regular toughness
Low-temperature toughness
Sour-resistant
Quality Features of API Plate
Note) DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test), HIC (Hydrogen Induced Crack), SSCC (Sulfide Stress Corrosion Crack), FPBT (Four Point Bending Test)
CLT (Constant Loading Test), CVN (Charpy V-Notch Test)
Main Quality RequirementsDivision Detailed Quality Features
• Low YR
• Higher yield strength than usual specs
• Toughness (CVN, DWTT)
• Flatness
• Low YR
• Higher yield strength than usual specs
• Toughness (CVN, DWTT)
• Longitudinal-oriented yield strength
• Uniform elongation
• Flatness
• HIC resistance (CLR≤15% in very high acidity)
• SSCC resistance (85% in FPBT and CLT SMYS)
• Low YR
• Toughness (CVN and DWTT)
• Flatness
• Excellent crack propagation resistance
• Excellent cold crack resistance
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
• Comparatively higher yield strength for each grade guaranteed
• Excellent crack propagation resistance
• Can endure repeated vertical load from ground surface freezing and
thawing in cold climate; Longitudinal-oriented yield strength and
uniform elongation both excellent
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
• Comparatively higher yield strength for each grade guaranteed
• Excellent resistance to hydrogen craking and crack propagation
• Comparatively higher yield strength for each grade guaranteed
• Excellent resistance to cold cracking
• Good formability, shape, external appearance, internal quality
Regular toughness
Low-temperature toughness
Sour-resistant
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API Steel
API Steel
Testing and Evaluation Methods • DWTT
Drop Weight Tear Test (DWTT)
This test assesses the resistance to fracture propagation.
Test Features
- Test the resistance to brittle fracture propagation with the same specimen thickness as pipe
- The low DWTT transition temperature is needed for the pipe lines under cold climates and deep sea
Test Methods
- Specimen preparation (cutting, polishing and notching) → cooling → testing (breakage after one impact)
- Specimen dimensions 304.8mm (long) × 76.2mm (wide) × thickness of specific material
- A hammer is dropped to break the specimen : Unbroken specimens are discarded as invalid
DWTT Equipment
Test Equipment Specifications
Test the resistance to brittle fracture propagation with
the same specimen thickness as pipe
Capacity • Impact energy: 10,000J~100,000J
• Load cell: 1,500kN
Temperature Control • Cooling media: Gaseous / Liquid nitrogen
• Temperature range: -100°C~100°C
Specimen Loading • Weight capacity of robot: 90kgf
• Specimen thickness: 6mm~50mm
DWTT Test Results
Displacement (mm)
Force (kN) Energy (J)
0
100
200
300
400
500 25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Load-Displacement : Fracture energy
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Crack PropationCrack Initiation
Testing and Evaluation Methods • Sour Resistance
HIC / Full Ring Test System
Test Equipment Specifications
Test Method (Standard) • NACE TM0284 or EFC16
Capacity • Vessel: 15 liter × 20ea
• 20 specimens/vessel
Test Solution • H2S saturated acidic solution
Others • Temperature control : ±1°C
immersed for 96 hours at 25°c
Specimen
Solution Saturated with h2S
Sour Resistance (Resistance to HIC and SSCC)
- A way to evaluate resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
- Cracks occur in line pipe steels used in sour gas environment, without any applied loading.
Quality Assessment Method: NACE TM 0284
Solution A (strong acid) 5% NaC1 + 0.5% CH3COOH → The pH is 2.7 at first and 4.0 or lower by the end.
Solution B (weak acid) synthetic seawater → The pH is 8.2 at first and 4.8~5.4 by the end.
• Crack length ratio (CLR) =
• Crack thickness ratio (CTR) =
• Crack sensitivity ratio (CSR) =
Specimen
Observable surface(n)
Full ring Test System
hydrogen induced cracking Test System
Test Vessel(96hours) h2S removal Tank
H2S H2S Removal Tank
Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD)
Test Features
Test measures the resistance of a material to the propagation of a crack. It is used on materials that can show some plastic deformation
before failure occurs causing the tip to stretch opening.
Model: DWTT-100 (iMaTek, Uk)
instrumented cToD Tester
Actuator
Specimen
COD Gage
Roller
Quality assessment Method : aSTM e1290, BS7448
Machined Notch
Fatigue Precrack
Fracture Surface
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API Steel
API Steel
Testing and Evaluation Methods • Sour Resistance
Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSCC)
Quality Assessment Method: NACE TM 0177
- Test for 720 hours at 25°C: static load and bending deformation are typical methods.
- Sudden fracture occurs when subjected to tensile stress in a corrosive environment that contains H2S
SSCC Test System
Test Equipment Specifications
Static load method: proof ring type
Static load method: dead weight type
Specimen before testing Fractured specimen after testing
Solution Steel
Crack
Toughness
Testing equipment Schematic
Test Solution
Specimen
H2S Gas Out
H2S Gas In
aSTM G39 (Four point Bending Test)
Specimen
- Solution Saturated with H2S
- Immersion for 720 hours at 25°C
- Many customers require this method for determining SSCC resistance.
Method (Standard) • NACE TM0177 or EFC16
Characteristic • Loading type: dead weight
• Maximum applied load: 3tons
• 44 testers
Test Solution • H2S saturated acidic solution
Others • Temperature control: ±1°C
Forming & Testing Facilities
api Steel application center at pohang
Uoe Simulator Large Tensile Test Machine Welding Simulator
Forming Facilities
Edge Milling Machine → Plane & Edge Milling for Welding
Pipe Seam Welding System → Seam Welding for Pipe Manufacturing
Pipe Girth Welding System → Girth Welding for Pipeline Construction
CTOD Tester (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) → Evaluation of Crack Initiation Resistance
UOE Simulator → Integrated Simulator for C-U-O Forming + Expanding
Fixer & Tack Welder → Fixing and Tack Welding for O Formed Pipe
Programable Gas Cutting Machine → Precise Plate & Pipe Cutting for Test Specimen
Testing Facilities
Charpy Impact Tester → Evaluation of Brittle Crack Initiation Resistance
Drop Weight Tear Tester → Evaluation of Brittle Crack Propagation Resistance
Large Tensile Test Machine → Large Scale Tension or Compression Test
Dynamic Tear Tester → Evaluation on Fracture Resistance of High Strength Steel
Automatic Macro Etching System → Evaluation of Internal Defects of Cast Products
High Temp. High Pressure Corrosion Test System → Qualifying of CO2 or H2S Corrosion Properties of Linepipe Steel under HT/ HP
Full Ring Test System → Evaluation of HIC and SSCC Properties of Pipe Ring
Hydrogen Induced Delayed Fracture Test System → Evaluation of the Hydrogen Induced Delayed Fracture Resistance on Bolt and Wire
Ultrasonic Test System → Non-destructive Detection of Defects and Flaws in Metal
Hydrogen Induced Cracking Test System → Evaluation of the Hydrogen Induced Cracking Resistance of Plate/Hot Coil/Pipe
Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Test System → Evaluation of the Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Plate/Hot Coil/Pipe
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API Steel
API Steel
Prediction of material properties and quality improvement for API pipes
Numerical analysis for simulating the forming process of API pipes
- Prediction of material properties for API pipes manufactured by UOE, JCO and ERW.
- Identifying the yield stress difference between plates/coils and pipes
- prediction of pipe qualities before manufacturing pipes from steels
Improving API pipe qualities by predicting the difference of material properties
between plates and pipes and supplying the optimized coils and plates to customers
Steel Solutions
crimping U-forming o-forming expanding
roll forming analysis for erW pipes
Flattening & Tension
Numerical analysis for evaluating compressive strain capacity of spiral pipes
Full scale tests for evaluating structural performance of API pipes
Evaluation of material and structural performance of API X80/X100 pipes for strain-based design
- Evaluation of tensile strain capacity of girth welded pipes (SENB/SENT/CWPT)
- Full scale 4 points bending test and numerical analysis for evaluating compressive strain capacity
Verification of material and structural performance required in strain-based design
Full scale 4 point bending test compression-bending test cWpT and SenT test
prediction of the collapse strength using numerical analysis
Prediction and improvement of collapse strength for OCTG
Prediction of the collapse strength by using numerical simulation
- D/t, stress-strain curve, ovality, eccentricity and residual stress are taken into consideration.
- Steel properties and heat treatment are optimized for achieving the target collapse strength.
Improvement of the collapse strength for ERW pipes
- Manufacturing process parameters are optimized by roll forming analysis.
Support of developing the non-heat treated or heat treated high collapse OCTG for customers
collapse of pipes by external pressure
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API Steel
API Steel
Chemical Composition & Mechanical Properties
Line Pipe
Future Challenges
OCTG
Future Challenges
Challenging issue for linepipe High strength for sour service / High toughness at low temperature / High strain capacity
Challenging issue for OCTG High strength / High collapse resistance / High fatigue resistance / High expandability
DivisionDivision
PSL 1
Caing &
Tubing
PSL 2
Coiled tubing
GradeGrade
C MaxC Max
Si MaxSi Max
Mn MaxMn Max
P MaxP Max
S MaxS Max
V, Nb, Ti MaxOther
Other YS Min (Mpa)
YS Max (Mpa)
TS Min (Mpa)
A 0.22 - 0.9 0.03 0.03 -
B 0.26 - 1.2 0.03 0.03 Nb+V≤0.06,Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X42 0.26 - 1.3 0.03 0.03 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X46,X52,X56 0.26 - 1.4 0.03 0.03 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X60 0.26 - 1.4 0.03 0.03 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X65 0.26 - 1.45 0.03 0.03 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X70 0.26 - 1.65 0.03 0.03 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
B 0.22 0.45 1.2 0.025 0.015 Nb≤0.05, V≤0.05, Ti≤0.04
X42, X46 0.22 0.45 1.3 0.025 0.015 Nb≤0.05, V≤0.05, Ti≤0.04
X52, X56 0.22 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X60, X65 0.12 0.45 1.6 0.025 0.015 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X70 0.12 0.45 1.7 0.025 0.015 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X80 0.12 0.45 1.85 0.025 0.015 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
X100 0.10 0.55 2.10 0.020 0.010 Nb+V+Ti≤0.15
J55 - - - 0.02 0.01 - 379 552 517
K55 - - - 0.02 0.01 - 379 552 655
N80 - - - 0.02 0.01 - 552 758 689
L80 0.43 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 Cu≤0.25, Ni≤0.35 552 655 655
N80-X 0.20 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 - 552 - 621
N90-X 0.20 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 - 621 - 689
N100-X 0.20 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 - 689 - 758
R95 0.45 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 - 655 758 724
P110 - - - 0.02 0.01 - 758 965 862
P110-X 0.20 0.45 1.9 0.02 0.01 - 758 - 827
Q125 0.35 - 1.35 0.02 0.01 Mo≤0.85, Cr≤1.5, Ni≤0.99 862 1034 931
CT100 0.16 0.5 1.65 0.025 0.005 - 689 - 758
■ Chemical Composition by Grade ■ Chemical Composition & Strength by Grade
Note) Based on API-5L, 45th edition(Effective date: July 1, 2013)
Note) Based on API-5CT(9th edition) & API-5ST(1st edition)
Unit: % Unit: %
PSL 1
PSL 2
Grade
psi psi psi psiMpa Mpa Mpa Mpa
YS Min YS Max TS Min TS Max
B 35,500 245 - - 60,200 415 - -
X42 42,100 290 - - 60,200 415 - -
X46 46,400 320 - - 63,100 435 - -
X52 52,200 360 - - 66,700 460 - -
X56 56,600 390 - - 71,100 490 - -
X60 60,200 415 - - 75,400 520 - -
X65 65,300 450 - - 77,600 535 - -
X70 70,300 485 - - 82,700 570 - -
B 35,500 245 65,300 450 60,200 415 95,000 655
X42 42,100 290 71,800 495 60,200 415 95,000 655
X46 46,400 320 76,100 525 63,100 435 95,000 655
X52 52,200 360 76,900 530 66,700 460 110,200 760
X56 56,600 390 79,000 545 71,100 490 110,200 760
X60 60,200 415 81,900 565 75,400 520 110,200 760
X65 65,300 450 87,000 600 77,600 535 110,200 760
X70 70,300 485 92,100 635 82,700 570 110,200 760
X80 80,500 555 102,300 705 90,600 625 119,700 825
X100 100,100 690 121,800 840 110,200 760 143,600 990
■ Strength by Grade
(All kid of PSL1)
Cu≤0.5,
Ni≤0.5,
Cr≤0.5,
Mo≤0.15,
B≤0.001
Cu≤0.5,Ni≤0.3,Cr≤0.3,Mo≤0.15,B≤0.001
Cu≤0.5,Ni≤0.5,Cr≤0.5,Mo≤0.5,B≤0.001
Cu≤0.5,Ni≤1,Cr≤0.5,Mo≤0.5,B≤0.001
Cu≤0.5,Ni≤1,Cr≤0.5,Mo≤0.5,B≤0.004
Note) Non-Heat treatment : POSCO Proprietary grade
■ R&D status at POSCO
Coil ● 22.2 ● 22.2 ●23.7 ● 15.3 ● 14 ● 16 - ● 12 ● 9.1 ● 7 ● 8
Plate ● 41 ● 41 ● 41 ● 19
Coil ● 20.6 ● 19 ● 12 - - ● 12.7 - - - - -
Plate ● 39 ● 37 ● 32 -
Coil - - - - - - 8.9
- - - -
Plate - ● 41 - - - - - - - - -
General
Sour Service
Offshore
High Collapse
Specification
API 5L API 5CTAPI 5ST
(coiled tubing)ExpandableNon-Heat Treatment
(high toughness & high collapse)
X65 X80 k55 n80-X cT100X70 X100 k55j55, n80, L80, r95,
p110, Q125
(Hardness~230HV)
(YS 52ksi)
n90-Xn100-Xp110-X
Commercial Supply Developed Developing Unit: mm
(3740psi~@D/t=24.5)
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API Steel
API Steel
API Pipe Production Processes
Production Features
• Heat is generated at the interface of the parts to be joined by passing an electrical current through electrical resistance.
• Consumables, such as brazing materials, solder, or welding rods are not needed.
• Weldability and dimensional precision are excellent : the method is suitable for sheet and pipe with a diameter of 24” or smaller.
• This process is commonly used in Korea for making API pipe because of low production cost and high productivity.
UOE Steel Pipe
Production Features
• After milling the press is used to shape the plate into U’s and O’s. Then the expansion process is performed.
• The initial investment expense is high, but productivity is high as well.
• The expansion process results in deviation from roundness, so the flatness of the initial plate is not an issue.
• This method is usually used for large diameter (e.g. 56” with 23mm thickness) pipe.
► ► ► ►
Hydraulic test Ultrasonic & eddy current tests
Marking & packing
Hot dip galvanizing, threading, coating
Annealing
Visual & dimensional evaluation
Inspection
Electric Resistance Welded(ERW) Pipe
► ►▲
Leveling Forming Welding Sizing Cutting DeburringOnline non-destructive test
Skelp (hot-rolled coil) Inner/outer bead removal Seam annealing Air cooling
Water cooling
Flattening test
► ► ► ► ►
Plate Edge milling Edge crimping U-ing O-ing Expansion
High-load Low-load
Press Capacity
High-load
Production Features
• Roll bending is a time-consuming process for making pipe. Productivity is low, but the facility investment is also relatively low.
Diverse sizes can be produced.
• JCO lags behind UOE in terms of productivity, but changing the pipe size is easier when using the JCO method.
Roll Bending & JCO Pipe
► ► ► ◄ ◄ ◄ ◄
Plate PlateEdge crimping
Roll Bending Pipe JCO Pipe
Roll bending Welding O-ing C-ing J-ing
Production Features
• The seam is a spiral, and an arc generated between the base metal and the seam is used to perform the welding.
• The feed angle depends on strip width and final outside diameter.
• This is the method employed at many overseas (Chinese, Turkish, Pakistani and other) customers for hot-rolled API steel.
• Hot-rolled plate is used to make large-diameter (e.g. 56” with 20mm thickness) pipe.
Spiral(Submerged-Arc Welded) Steel Pipe
Skelp (hot-rolled coil)
Skelp connection weld
Outer layer weld
Inner layer weld
Forming Cutting Deburring
Hydraulic test
Side trimming
► ► ►
Shot blast on inner & outer surfaces
Protective coating
PE coating
Epoxy coating
Rod attachment
Hot dip galvanizing
►Visual &
dimensional evaluation
Inspection
Marking & packing
Marking & packing
Shipping Shipping
▼ ▼
▼ ▼
►
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API Steel
API Steel
Marking (Plate)
Marking
Rolling DirectionSide Label
Packing & Marking
Binding Types
Type 3 Type 6Type 4 Type 7Type 5 Type 8
“L” Bindings
This category is commonly used to bind the coil in the longitudinal direction.
“C” Bindings
This category binds the coil crosswise and is divided into six types (from 3 to 8 strands).
Customers are requested to specify the type they want when placing the order.
Band
Buckle
Packing Types
Coil DA Exposed Package
Product Domestic
Types codecode Types
Export
EA Exposed Package (Regular)
EA 1 Exposed Package (Extra Bands)
Available Size
Hot Rolled
Sweet Service• Sweet Service : grade guarantee and impact / DWTT -10°C
and higher (as coil)
• Toughness conditions : required or not required
• Please inquire separately for API-X80, products scheduled
for future production and R&D scope.
Plate
Sweet Service• Sweet Service : grade guarantee and impact / DWTT -20°C
and higher (as plate)
• Toughness conditions: required or not required
• Please inquire separately for API-X80, products scheduled
for future production and R&D scope.
■ API-X70 ■ API-X70
■ API-X65 ■ API-X65
■ API-X80 ■ API-X80
■ API-X70 ■ API-X70
Sour Service• Solution A: initial ph of 2.6~2.8
• Solution B: initial pH of 8.1-8.3 (HIC) / initial pH of 3.4-3.6 (SSCC)
Sour Service• Sour-resistant API-X70: initial products under development
25 37
32.525.423
20 26.418 23.8
17501950 4400
4400
4400
44003700
2734
333125.4
22.2
29002500
2500
4300
1600
1930
18501600
22
22
21
21
18.5
TT
TT
TT
TT
W W
W W
W W
W W
Currently in production Planned for production Under development
Unit: mm / T: Thickness / W: Width
22 23
API Steel
API Steel
Non-sour Service Material(TMCP Delivery)
Note) T : Thickness, W : Width / API project should be discussed before ordering.
Grade \ Thickness 12.7 ≤ T < 15.9 15.9 ≤ T < 17.5 17.5 ≤ T < 25.4 25.4 ≤ T < 32.5 32.5 ≤ T < 41
BM W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X52M W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X56M W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X60M W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X65M W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X70M W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
X80M W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,800 W ≤ 4,500 W ≤ 4,000
Unit: mm
Sour Service Material(TMCP Delivery)
Note) T : Thickness should be discussed before ordering. / API project should be discussed before ordering.
Grade \ Thickness 14.3 ≤ T < 15.9 15.9 ≤ T < 17.5 17.5 ≤ T < 22.2 22.2 ≤ T < 25.4 25.4 ≤ T < 40
BMS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
X52MS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
X56MS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
X60MS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
X65MS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
X70MS W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,100 W ≤ 4,400 W ≤ 4,000 W ≤ 3,800
Unit: mm
Plate Products
Available Linepipe & OCTG Steels
HRC Products
Grade \ Thickness 6 ≤ T < 10 10 ≤ T < 18 18 ≤ T < 20
X70
ERW 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,945 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,945 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750
Spiral 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,600 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,800 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750
Note) T : Thickness, W : Width, *Please contact us regarding sizes not listed above.
Grade \ Thickness 9 ≤ T < 12 12 ≤ T < 15 15 ≤ T < 18.5
X80
ERW 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,600 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,930 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750
Spiral 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,500 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750
Grade \ Thickness 5 ≤ T < 6 6 ≤ T < 20 20 ≤ T < 25.4
BM ~ X65 (ERW, Spiral) 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,945 880 ≤ W ≤ 1,750
Unit: mmSweet Service Material
Grade Thickness Width
X52 7 ~ 20 880 ~ 1,930
X56~X65 9 ~ 14 880 ~ 1,600
■ Spiral Type Unit: mm
Grade Thickness Width
X52
4.8 ~ 7 880 ~ 1,500
7 ~ 20 880 ~ 1,930
X56~X65 6 ~ 21 880 ~ 1,930
■ ERW Type Unit: mm
Sour Service Material
OCTG Material
J55
K55
N80
Gradeover overLess Less
Thickness
2.5 3.5 840 1,300
3.5 6 840 1,500
6 14 840 1,750
9 12.7 880 1,600
6 12 880 1,600
Width
Unit: mm
Note) Non-Heat treatment : POSCO Proprietary grade
■ R&D status at POSCO
Coil ● 22.2 ● 22.2 ●23.7 ● 15.3 ● 14 ● 16 - ● 12 ● 9.1 ● 7 ● 8
Plate ● 41 ● 41 ● 41 ● 19
Coil ● 20.6 ● 19 ● 12 - - ● 12.7 - - - - -
Plate ● 39 ● 37 ● 32 -
Coil - - - - - - 8.9
- - - -
Plate - ● 41 - - - - - - - - -
General
Sour Service
Offshore
High Collapse
Specification
API 5L API 5CTAPI 5ST
(coiled tubing)ExpandableNon-Heat Treatment
(high toughness & high collapse)
X65 X80 k55 n80-X cT100X70 X100 k55j55, n80, L80, r95,
p110, Q125
(Hardness~230HV)
(YS 52ksi)
n90-Xn100-Xp110-X
Commercial Supply Developed Developing Unit: mm
(3740psi~@D/t=24.5)
24 25
API Steel
API Steel
Plate Products
■ Sweet Service
Spec Size(mm) Piping Type Quantity(ton) Period
X70M 26.4 x 4,338 JCO 20,000 2008
X80M 21.0 x 3,295 JCO 3,000 2008
X70M 19.8 x 4,382 JCO 58,000 2009~2010
X70M 26.4 x 4,332 JCO 9,000 2010
X65M 20.6~30.2 x 2,477 JCO 47,000 2010~2011
X80M 23.0 x 4,343 JCO 20,000 2011
X80M 22.2 x 1,361 UOE 7,000 2011
X60M 14.3 x 3,275 R/B 75,000 2011
X65MO 25.4 x 1,663 JCO 10,000 2012
X70MO 31 x 2,235 / 27.4 x 2,226 JCO 23,000 2013
X65MO 27.4 x 2,236 / 31.0 x 2235 JCO 22,000 2013
X70M 13.46 x 2,337 R/B 17,400 2013~2014
X65M 14.73 x 2,806 UOE 33,000 2014
X70M 25.71 x 4,340 JCO 20,000 2014
X70M 16.26 x 4,390 / 19.51 x 4,379 JCO 16,000 2015
X70M 15.24 x 3,273 / 18.29 x 3,263 UOE 150,000 2015~2016
■ Sour Service
Spec Size(mm) Piping Type Quantity(ton) Period
X65MS 22.2 x 4,369 R/B 5,000 2007
X65MS 25.4 x 2,305 JCO 6,000 2008
X65MS 19.1~24.03 x 3,775 JCO 34,000 2008
X60MS 15.9, 19.1 x 2,800 R/B 7,000 2008~2009
X52MS 14.3 x 1,860 R/B 41,000 2010
X60MS 11.4 x 2,024 UOE 3,000 2011
X65MS 14.3~22.2 x 2,145~2,753 JCO 59,000 2011
X65MS 23.8~28.5 x 2,845 UOE 3,000 2012
X65MS 11.13 x 1,546 JCO 18,000 2013
X60MS 23.02 × 1,513 / 22.23 x 1,833 UOE 7,000 2014
X65MS 17.5 × 1,997 / 20.6 x 1,988 JCO 27,000 2014
X60MS 17.5 x 1,997 JCO 13,000 2015
X60MS 17.5~25.4 / 1,972~1,997 JCO 15,000 2015
X60MS 22.23 x 1,826 JCO 6,000 2016
■ Sweet Service
Main Supply Records
HRC Products
Spec Size(mm) Piping Type Quantity(ton) Period
X80M 11/14.45 x 1,530 Spiral (42”) 13,000 2007
X70M 22.22 x 1,530 Spiral (42”) 10,000 2008
X70M 12.91~22.22 x 1,645 Spiral (48”) 47,000 2009~2010
X80M 17.5 x 1,500 Spiral (48”) 73,000 2010
X70M 14.1~19.7 x 1,500 Spiral (48”) 164,000 2011
X70M 13.08~19.56 x 1,800 Spiral (36”) 38,000 2011
X70M 10.0~14.4 x 1,800 Spiral (48") 29,000 2012
X70M 16.6 x 1800 / 22.2 x 1,600 Spiral (42") 37,000 2012
X70M 18.2 x 1,600 Spiral (42") 11,000 2013
X70M 8.7~12.5 x 1,150 Spiral (24") 31,000 2013
X65M 10.35 x 1,918 ERW (24") 10,000 2014
X70M 15.88 x 1,650 / 10.9 x 1,650 Spiral (24") 88,000 2014~2015
X70M 15.24 x 1,800 Spiral (42”) 47,000 2015
X70M 19.65 x 1,650 Spiral (48") 375,000 2015~2016
X70M 18.95 x 1,650 Spiral (42") 81,000 2015~2016
■ Sour Service
Spec Size(mm) Piping Type Quantity(ton) Period
X60MS 6.35~15.88 x 851~1,710 ERW 107,000 2006~2009
X52MS 7.1 x 1,595 ERW 21,000 2008~2009
X52MS 11.1~15.9 x 1,500 / 11.1 x 1,865 Spiral 70,000 2010
X60MS 17.5 x 1,210 LSAW 7,000 2010
X65MS 19.1 x 1,539 LSAW 2,000 2011
X60MS 17.5 x 1,214 / 20.6 x 1,519 LSAW 6,000 2011
X60MS 17.5 x 1,211 Spiral 8,000 2012
X60MS 14.3 x 1,868 Spiral 9,000 2012
X65MS 15.9 x 1,688 ERW 3,000 2014
X60MS 20.6 x 1,528 LSAW 6,600 2014
X65MS 17.50 x 1,380 LSAW 4,000 2015
X60MSO 19.10 x 1,377 / 19.10 x 1,536 LSAW 19,000 2015
X52MSO 14.27 x 1,859 LSAW 8,000 2015
X65MS 16.00 x 1,541 LSAW 9,300 2015
26 27
API Steel
API Steel
Global Network ● Asia
28 29
API Steel
API Steel
Global Network ● America Global Network ● Europe & Africa
Contact Us
POSCO Center 440, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
Global Technical Center
TEL 82-2-3457-6389FAX 82-2-3457-6000
Copyright Ⓒ 2016 by POSCOAll rights reserved
API STEEL
www.posco.com www.steel-n.comwww.posco.com www.steel-n.com
Published in March, 2016
Headquarters
6261, Donghaean-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si,
Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37859 Korea
TEL 82-54-220-0114
FAX 82-54-220-6000
Seoul Office
POSCO Center, 440, Teheran-ro,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06194 Korea
TEL 82-2-3457-0114
FAX 82-2-3457-6000
Pohang Works
6262, Donghaean-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si,
Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37859 Korea
TEL 82-54-220-0114
FAX 82-54-220-6000
Gwangyang Works
20-26, Pokposarang-gil, Gwangyang-si,
Jeollanam-do, 57807 Korea
TEL 82-61-790-0114
FAX 82-61-790-7000