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Transcript of API 682 Presentation
American Petroleum Institute
682 Standard2nd Edition
IntroductionPumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for
Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
EAA cust
API 2nd Edition – Description
Written by select committee of:End usersPump manufacturersSeal manufacturers
John Crane API 682 Committee MembersGordon BuckChris Fone
API 682 strives to promote:
Best practices in selection and operation of mechanical seals
Extend seal life to (3) years service minimum
Built upon growing acceptance of API 682 1st Edition
Technically equivalent to ISO Draft International Standard 21049
API 682 Publication Dates
1st Edition issued 19942nd Edition July 2002ISO 21049 target date is now late 2003
API 682 Mission Statement
“This standard is designed to default to the equipment types
most commonly supplied that have a high probability of meeting the
objective of at least three years of uninterrupted service while complying with emissions
regulations.”
..
API 682 Standard - Aims
Maximum reliability and availability of equipment
Meet emissions legislation
Lower costs - standardisation & reliability
Improved safety - tested & proven sealing systems
Consistent seal application based on accumulation of best practices
Seal interchangeability
Continued...Continued...
API 682 Summary
Only three arrangementssingledual unpressuriseddual pressurised
Testing on five fluid groups, Propane, water, caustic, cold oil, hot oil
Specifies materials of construction
Secondary containment on all single seals
Forced circulation on dual seals
Full interchangeability
..
API 682 Summary
Guidelines for seal and hardware design based upon
user experience
Tested designs
Qualification type testing
Individual component & seal integrity testing
Defined guidelines for auxiliary equipment, pipework
& instrumentation
API 682 Taskforce
1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only2nd Edition Taskforce
new chairman (Joe Thorp)3 members from 1st editionchemical plant representativesinput from PIP committeesEuropean representatives
John Crane representativesGordon BuckChris Fone (ESA)
API 676Positive Displacement
PumpsAPI 610
7th EditionPumps and Seals
API 6108th Edition
Mainly Pumps
API 6821st EditionSeals Only
Development of Seal & Pump Standards
API 6109th Edition/ISO 13709
Only Pumps
API 6822nd EditionSeals Only ISO 21049
Seals Only
Development of Seal & Pump Standards
ANSI Strategy is to drive US Standards into ISO
API 610 (7th) - issued 1989API 610 (8th) - issued 1995API 682 (1st) - issued 1994API 610 (9th) combined with ISO 13709 - DIS vote 2001-4, issued 2003-1?API 682 (2nd) positive vote Sept 2001 - issued 2002-3ISO 21049 - DIS vote 2002-2, issued 2003-3?API 682 (3rd) - issued 2003-3?
DIN24960
EN12756L1k/L1n
Seal dimensions
ISO3069Chamber dims
API 610 9thISO13709
API610 8th
API682Table 1
DIN + 5mmCartridge
API682 Cat 2/3
ISO3069H
DIN24960chambers
ISO3069 S ISO3069C
API682 Cat 1ASME B73 (Big Bore)
Replaces the long-standing mechanical seals specification found in API 610 Pump Standard Replaces and expands the scope of API 682 1st Edition:
Adds new seal typesAdds new piping plansEstablishes (3) seal categoriesAdds seals for chemical plants (ANSI & ISO chemical duty pumps)Adds qualification tests for new seal typesAdds pass/fail criteria for qualification testsTo be ISO Standard 21049
What’s New in 2nd Edition
API 2nd Edition – Description
Specification now includes:
Dry-running secondary containment seals
Non-contacting wet seals
Gas lubricated seals
New piping arrangements for secondary containment and non-contacting seals
API 2nd Edition – Benefits
Consistency of approach
Proven practices
Qualification tested
International in scope
Results
Reliability
Low leakage
Long life
Cost effective
API-682 1st Ed. Significance?
1st Edition released in 1994.
Few US customers have specified seals as pure 682 1st Ed. compliant.
API-682 1st Ed. sales growing slowly primarily through international projects.
Still generally limited understanding and use of the specification.
Market unwilling to accept cost impact associated with technical requirements of the specification.
Why Expect 2nd Ed. Significance?
2nd Ed. is broad based in scope versus 1st Ed. which was a very narrow high end specification.
As a stand alone seal standard, 682 2nd Ed. is being coordinated with the elimination of seal specification criteria within API–610.
Much less restrictive, allowing consistency with current practices and ultimately less costly arrangement alternatives.
API 682 Specification
Strongly encourage your customers to buy an official copy of thespecification or where appropriate offer a complimentary copy.
Pumps – Shaft Sealing Systems for
Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20005 USA
Global Engineering Documents at (800) 854-7179
Product No. C682202
API 682Product Line
EAA int
API 682 Seal Categories
Category 1Chemical & Petrochemical Industry Pumps.
Heavy duty seals designed for ANSI and ISO enlarged bore seal chambers.
Category 2Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.Handles services previously defined
as API-610 Applications.Same qualification tested
components as Cat. III Seals.
Category 3Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.Premium seals meeting highest
specification of API 682.Require full qualification test
reports.
API 6822nd Edition
Standard Seal Types & ArrangementsSeal Types
Type A: Rotating pusher seal using O-rings & multiple springs.
Type B: Rotating metal bellows using O-rings.
Type C: Stationary metal bellows using flexible graphite gaskets. Only applies to Cat. II & III for high temperature service.
Seal ArrangementsArrangement 1: Single seal
Arrangement 2: Unpressurised dual seal (Tandem)
Arrangement 3: Pressurised dual (Double)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
°F
psig
Category 1, 2, & 3 Operating Ranges
Cat. 1 Seals
Cat. 2 & 3 Seals
API 682 1st edition limits
260°C 400°C
20 bar g
41 bar g
34.5 bar g
API 682 (2nd Edition)Seal Categories
FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3
Seal chamber size ISO 3069, ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2 ISO 13709 / API 610 ISO 13709 / API 610
Temperature range –40 °C (–40 °F) to 260 °C (500 °F)
–40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C (750 °F)
–40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C (750 °F)
Pressure range 22 bar (315 psi). 42 bar (615 psi). 42 bar (615 psi).
API 682 (2nd Edition)Seal Categories
FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3
Face materials Premium blister resistant carbon vs. self sintered silicon
carbide
Premium blister resistant carbon vs.
reaction bonded silicon carbide.
Premium blister resistant carbon vs.
reaction bonded silicon carbide.
Distributed inlet flush requirements, Arrangements 1 and
2 with rotating flexible elements
When required for vapor margin or when specified.
When required for vapor margin or when specified.
Required.
Gland plate metal to metal contact requirement
RequiredRequired inside and outside of the bolt circle diameter.
Required inside and outside of the bolt circle diameter.
API 682 (2nd Edition)Seal Categories
FEATURE CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3
Cartridge seal sleeve size
increments required.None 10 mm increments 10 mm increments
Throttle bushing design requirement for Arrangement 1
seals
Fixed carbon. Floating carbon
option.
Fixed, non-sparking metal. Floating carbon option
Floating carbon
Dual seal circulation device head flow curve provided.
Not applicable When specified Required.
Scope of vendor qualification test
Test as Category 1 unless faces
interchangeable with Category 3
Test as Category 2 unless faces
interchangeable with Category 3
Test as Category 3, entire seal assembly
as a unit
API 2nd Edition – Category 1
Description
API version of our existing 5600Adds secondary containment to the Type 5600
Product Definition
A heavy duty “ANSI” seal that fits ISO seal chambers Large bore seal chambers (ISO 3069-C, ANSI/ASME B73.1, B73.2)Temperatures from –40°F to +500°F (-40°C to 260°C)Pressures to 300 psig (20 bar g)Sizes to 4.5 (120 mm)Mean face velocities less than 25 m/s (5000 feet/min.)
API 2nd Edition – Category 1 Product Line
Arrangement 1 5610Q-1 5615Q-1 Contacting wet
Type A Description
Arrangement 2 5620P-1 5625P-1 Dual liquid buffer/barrier
Arrangement 2 5620D-1 Engineered
ECSContacting dry secondary containment
Arrangement 3 5620P-1 5625P-1 Liquid barrier fluid
face-to-back
Arrangement 3 2800 2800MB
Gas barrier(0-300 psig)
Type C
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Type B
Carbon bushings standard on single sealsStationary inner seal option available
API 2nd Edition – Category 2
DescriptionSame as Category III but with “softer” seal design options
Example: single-point flush with fixed bushingIncludes dry-sliding secondary containmentIncludes non-contacting sealsSlightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and less documentation
• Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards
Product DefinitionTemperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
API 2nd Edition – Category 2 Product Line
Arrangement 1 1648-2 1670-2
Contacting wet single
RREL option
Type A Description
2648-2 2670-2 Liquid buffer
2648-2C 2670-2C Contacting dry secondary containment
3648-2 3670-2 Liquid barrier fluid
2800 2800MBGas barrier(0-300 psig)
Type C
1604-2
2609-2
2609-2C
3609-2
N/A
2648-2N 2670-2N Non-contacting secondary containment
2609-2N
2800HP N/AGas barrier(300 – 600 psig)N/A
Type B
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 3
Arrangement 3
Arrangement 3
Carbon bushing standard on single seals (JC EAA).
API 2nd Edition – Category 3Description• Same as current API 682 1st edition seals• Extensive documentation• Includes dry-sliding secondary containment• Includes non-contacting seals• Arrangement 1 design includes distributed flush with carbon floating
bushing standard• Sleeve hard coating optional, (standard on EAA designs)
Product Definition• Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)• Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)• Sizes to 1.5” to 4.5” / 30mm to 120mm
API 2nd Edition – Category 3 Product Line
Arrangement 1
1648-3 1670-3Contacting wet single
RREL Option
Type A Description
2648-3 2670-3 Liquid buffer
2648-3C 2670-3C Contacting dry secondary containment
3648-3 3670-3 Liquid barrier fluid
2800 2800MBGas barrier(0-300 psig)
Type C
1604-3
2609-3
2609-3C
3609-3
N/A
2648-3N 2670-3N Non-contacting secondary containment2609-3N
2800HP N/A Gas barrier(300 – 600 psig)
N/A
Type B
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 2
Arrangement 3
Arrangement 3
Arrangement 3
Cross Reference Chart
1st Edition seal type 2nd Edition seal type
1648
1648RS
2648
3648
1604
2609
3609
1670
1648-2, 1648-3
1648RS
2648-2, 2648-3
3648-2, 3648-3
1604-2, 1604-3
2609-2, 2609-3
3609-2, 3609-3
1670-2, 1670-3
1648O RREL/R
API 682 Category 1
Specific to ANSI/ASME B73.1 & B73.2 and ISO 3069 Type C
Enlarged bore chemical process pumps
Qualification tested
Based from 5600 Universal Cartridge Series
Special features include:
Cartridge design, with register fit gland
Arrangements 1,2, and 3
Type A & B designs
Common adaptive hardware between Type A & B versions
Dry secondary containment option
Available with both rotating or stationary inner seal
Category 1 Seal Types
5610Q-1
Type A
Arrangement 1
Registered fit with confined O-ring & metal-to-metal contact with pump seal chamber.
Fixed carbon bushing
Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types
5620P-1
Type A
Arrangement 2
Pumping ring
Reverse pressure balanced
Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types
5620D-1
Type A
Arrangement 2
Secondary containment seal
Stationary inner seal option
Self-sintered Silicon Carbide
Category 1 Seal Types
5615Q-1
Type B
Arrangement 1
Alloy C-276 Sealol edge-welded metal bellows
Stationary inner seal option
Fixedcarbonbushing
Category 1 Seal Types5625P-1
Type B
Arrangement 2
Dual seals have radial inlet and tangential outletbuffer/barrier fluid connections
Pumpingring
Stationary inner seal option
Self-sintered Silicon Carbide
API 2nd Edition – Category 2
DescriptionSpecific to API boxesSame as Category III but with “softer” seal design options
Example: single-point flush and lower bushing requirementsIncludes dry-sliding secondary containment & non-contacting sealsIncludes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3Slightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and less documentation
• Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards
Product DefinitionTemperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
Category 2 Seal Types1648-2 Type A, Arrangement 1
Based on successful Type 48 design
Standard bushing: FixedStandard flush: Single pointOptional bushing: Segmented or floatingOptional flush: Distributed
Distributed flush Pumping ring(API Plan 23)
Floating bushing Segmentedbushing (JC option)(sleeve hard coating
optional)
316 SS Metal PartsHastelloy™ C Springs
Fluoroelastomer Secondary Seals
Primary FaceCarbon - standardTungsten Carbide - optional
Reaction- bonded Silicon CarbideHydraulically Retained Mating Ring
Category 2 Seal Types2648-2
Type A, Arrangement 2API flush plan 52Same as Cat. III
316 SSMetal Parts
Hastelloy™ C Springs
Primary FaceCarbon - standardTungsten Carbide -optional
Double-balanced to withstand pressure reversal
Category 2 Seal Types
3648-2 Type A, Arrangement 3 API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III
Category 2 Seal Types1670-2 Type B, Arrangement 1
Pumping ring(API Plan 23)
Floating bushing Segmentedbushing (JC option)(sleeve hard coating
optional)
Distributed flush
Sealol C-276 edge-weldedmetal bellows
Standard bushing: FixedStandard flush: Single pointOptional bushing: Segmented or floatingOptional flush: Distributed
Floating Bushing Shown
Category 2 Seal Types2670-2 Type B, Arrangement 2
3670-2 Type B, Arrangement 3Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring
2670 uses API flush plan 523670 uses API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III
Category 2 Seal Types1604-2 Type C, Arrangement 1
Flexible graphite secondary seals
Steam deflector
Inconel stationary bellows
Floating bushing
Segmentedbushing
(sleeve hard coatingoptional)
Category 2 Seal Types2609-2 Type C Arrangement 2
3609-2 Type C Arrangement 3
Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring & flow guide
High temperaturerotating Inconel bellows
2609 uses API flush plan 523609 uses API flush plan 53 or 54Same as Cat. III
Category 2 & 3 SecondaryContainment Seals
2648-2C
Type A
Arrangement 2
Type 48SC
Isolation Bushing
Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals2670-2C
Type B, Arrangement 2
ECS™Low-Temperature
Isolation Bushing
Low-temperatureType 670 seal head
Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals2609-2C,
Type C, Arrangement 2
High-TemperatureECS™
Isolation Bushing
High-temperature Type 609
Category 2 & 3 Non-contactingSecondary Containment Seals2648-2N
Type A, Arrangement 2
28LD
Isolation Bushing
Type 48LP
API 2nd Edition – Category 3
DescriptionSpecific to API boxesSame as 1st edition but with additional seal design options
Includes dry-sliding secondary containment Includes non-contacting seals
Includes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3Uses premium design options, distributed flush, floating bushes
• Extensive documentation must be supplied
Product DefinitionTemperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C)Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g)Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
Category 3 Seal Types1648-3 Type A, Arrangement 1
Provided with appropriate documentation inaccordance with the API 682 Specification
Floatingbushing
Distributedflush
Sleeve hardcoating
(optional)
316 SSMetal parts
Hastelloy™ C Springs
Fluoroelastomer secondary seals
Reaction bonded Silicon CarbideMating Ring
Floating bushing as standard
Sleeve hard coating (optional on API 682 seals)
Bushing retained by bolted follower plate
Distributed flush
Primary Face Carbon - standardTungsten Carbide - optional
Category 3 Seal Types1648-3Type A, Arrangement 1
Category 3 Seal Types1670-3
Type B
Arrangement 1
• Provided with appropriate documentation inaccordance with the API 682 Specification
• Distributed flush standard• Segmented bushing standard• Sleeve hard coating optional
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals
2800 Type A, Arrangement 3
Patentedspiral grooveDual mating ring design meets
API 682 design specifications
0 to 300 psig / 21 bar g
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals2800HP Type A, Arrangement 3
Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements
300 psig / 21 bar g to 600 psig / 41 bar g
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contactingGas-lubricated Seals
2800MB Type B, Arrangement 3
Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements
Patentedspiral groove
Sealol edge-welded metal bellows
0 to 230 psig / 16 bar g
API 682, 2nd Edition
Design Requirements
API 682 Overview
A summary of API 682 was presented previouslyType A, B, CArrangements 1, 2, 3Categories 1, 2, 3
JC Products for API 682 were presented previouslyType 48 variationsType 670, 604, 609 variationsType 5600 variationsType 2800’s
This presentation is about design details
Design Requirementsfor
All CategoriesAll Types
All Arrangements
General and Default Requirements
Cartridge seals (6.1.1.1)Studs are the default (6.1.2.12.2)
Bolt Holes, not slots(6.1.2.8.1)
O-Rings
Rigid Setting Clips
One piece sleeve
8 Set Screws (Maximum)
Register Fit. Concentric to shaft & 0.125 mm (.005”) TIR Maximum(6.1.2.8.2)
Bushing (single seals)(floating or fixed)
General and Default Materials
Viton O-Rings 316SS Sleeve
316SS Gland Plate “Premium Grade” Carbon
Hastelloy C Springs
Silicon Carbide
Setscrews harder than shaft
Rotating / Stationary Requirements
Type A & B default to rotating seals (6.1.1.2)
Type C defaults to stationary seal (6.1.1.3)
All stationary if speed >23 m/s (4,500 ft/min) (6.1.1.5)
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP)
Applies to “pressure casing” (6.1.1.6)Pressure casing includes
GlandPipingReservoirsHeat exchangers
Does not apply to seal componentsEqual to pump MAWP (6.1.2.8)
Glands shall have a corrosion allowance of 3 mm (1/8”)
Axial Movement
Capable of handling axial movement (6.1.1.8)NormalTransientThermal growthThrust positioning (vertical pumps)Where to get info?
Not on datasheetPump OEM
Sleeve Requirements
2.5 mm
(0.100”) min
See Table 32.5 to 5 mm
(0.100 to 0.200”)
Locating shoulder Optional Coating
Relief Relief
O-ring on process end
Sleeve Requirements
One piece sleeveMust have a shoulder to locate rotating elementsMinimum 2.5 mm (0.100”) thicknessThickness under set screws per Table 3
Shafts < 57 mm (2.25”) 2.5 mm (0.100”)Shafts 57 to 80 mm (2.25 to 3.25”) 3.8 mm (0.150”)Shafts > 80 mm (3.25”) 5 mm (0.200”)
Setting plate that does not put load on seal faces during installation or removal of cartridge (6.1.1.4)
Sealing requirements for sleeves
Normally uses O-rings to seal sleeve to shaftO-ring close to impeller end of sleeve
Can use flexible graphite on OB end of sleeveCaptured between sleeve and shaft
Sleeve ClearanceIntent is to minimise sleeve runoutF7/h6 clearance per ISO 286-2
Minimum of 0.02 mm (0.0008”) for small shaftsMaximum of 0.09 mm (0.0037”) for large shafts
Relieved along the bore with fits at or near each endBore and OD concentric within 0.025 mm (0.001”) TIR
F7/h6 Fit F7/h6 Fit
Set Screws for Drive Collar
Maximum of eight (6.1.3.12)Harder than shaft (6.1.3.11)Spot drilling the shaft is acceptable but not recommendedCan use split ring instead of drive collar for thrust (6.1.3.13)Set screws shall not pass through sleeve unless sleeve bore is relieved [to avoid damage during removal] (6.1.3.10)
Gland Plate Requirements
Minimum radial clearance is 3 mm (1/8”) (6.1.2.6) except pumping rings can be 1.5 mm (1/16”) (8.6.2.3)Glands machined from single piece wrought material or bar stock DO NOT require hydrostatic testing (10.3.2.1)
3.0 1.5
Gland Plate Requirements:Clearances
Isolation bushing for containment seals (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1) has 1.5 mm (1/16”) radial clearance
Isolation Bushing
1.5 mm (1/16)
3 mm (1/8)
More Gland Plate Requirements
3 mm (1/8”) Shoulder(6.1.2.8.3)
Drill throughs at least 5 mm (3/16”) diameter (6.1.2.21)
Confined gaskets (6.2.1.2.2; 6.2.2.2.2)
Connections plugged with solid plug (6.1.2.18)
Flush is not same size as quench, vent, drain
(6.1.2.17)
Gland Plate Connections
Mark with symbols from Table 1 (6.1.2.17)Locate per Table 1Sizes per Table 1Some flexibility within Table 1
Small pumpsLimited space
Gland Plate Connections for Single Seals
1/20Flush Out (Plan 23 only)FO
1/2180Flush In (Plan 23 only)FI
3/890QuenchQ
3/8180DrainD
1/20FlushF
Size *LocationConnectionSymbol
Location:Horizontal Pumps: 0 degrees = Top Dead CentreVertical Pumps: “F” defines 0 degrees
* All sizes are NPT taper thread connections
Table 1
Gland Plate Connections for Dual Seals
1/40Gas Barrier InGBI
1/2180Gas Barrier OutGBO
1/2180Containment Seal DrainCSD
1/20Containment Seal VentCSV
1/20Liquid Buffer/Barrier OutLBO
1/2180Liquid Buffer/Barrier InLBI
SizeLocationConnectionSymbol
* All sizes are NPT taper thread connections
Table 1
Bushing Diametrical Clearances
Fixed bushings (6.1.2.22)0.635 mm (0.025”) max. up to 50 mm (2”) shaft sizeAdd 0.127 mm (0.005”) for each additional 25 mm
Floating bushings (6.1.2.23, Table 2)Up to 50 mm (2”) 0.18 mm (0.007”) clearance51 to 80 mm (2 to 3”) 0.225 mm (0.009”)81 to 120 mm (3 to 4.75”) 0.28 mm (0.011”)
Segmented bushings per JC standards
Pumping Rings
Systems relying on thermosiphoning shall not be used (8.2.2)Systems with pumping rings – inlet at bottom & outlet at top (8.2.3)Pumping rings shall properly align with connections (8.6.2.4)Radial clearance between pumping ring and stationary component shall be 1.5 mm (1/16”) or greater (8.6.2.3)
O-Ring Requirements
Grooves sized for perfluoroelastomer (6.1.1.10) (use JC Standards for Kalrez, Isolast, etc.)Surface finish (6.1.1.9)
1.6 µm (63 µin) Ra for static o-rings0.8 µm (32 µin) Ra for dynamic o-rings
Runout and Tolerances
Wording is different but intent the same“seals must be designed for ….”
Seal chamber face runout of 0.5 µm/mm (0.0005 in/inch) of bore (6.1.2.13)
Primary Rings
Normally rotatingCan be pusher or non-pusherDefault is multiple spring (6.1.5.1)
Can be single springCan be bellows
No lapped joints (6.1.5.2)
Mating Rings
Normally stationaryNot clamped-in (6.1.4.1)Anti-rotation pin is required (6.1.4.1)Mounting to enhance heat transfer (6.1.4.2)One mating ring for each primary ring(7.3.1.3) (no common mating rings without purchaser approval)
Material for Sleeve and Gland Plate
Equal or better than pump case material316SS minimum (6.1.6.3; 6.1.6.7)
Material for Springs
Hastelloy C for (small) multiple springs (6.1.6.4)316SS for single springs (6.1.6.4)
Material for Bellows
Type B bellows is Hastelloy C (6.1.6.6)(Types 1670, 5615-1, etc.)
Type C bellows is Alloy 718 (6.1.6.6)(Type 1604, 2609, 3609 for hot services)
Material for Primary Rings
Default is carbon“premium grade, blister-resistant”Must be tested in qualification tests
We useAntimony filled for Type 48 family (8270)Resin filled for Type 670 familyResin filled for Type 609 family Resin filled for Type 5600 family
Optional MaterialsResin filled for Type 48 family (if acids or caustic)Antimony filled for 5610/5620 is optional and testedDefault for hard faces is SiC vs SiC (WC optional)
Material for Mating Rings
Defaults to SiCCategory 1 uses sintered SiC
Is usually for chemical duty seals
Category 2 and 3 use reaction bonded SiCIs usually for refinery seals
Material for O-Rings
Default is Viton (6.1.6.5.1)Perfluoroelastomer is optional (6.1.6.5.2)Flexible graphite is used for Type C bellows sealTemperature limits are (Annex C.3)
Viton (hydrocarbon) -7 to 175 C (20 to 350 F)Viton (water) -7 to 120 C (20 to 250 F)Perfluoroelastomer -7 to 290 C (20 to 550 F)Nitrile -40 to 120 C (-40 to 250 F)Flexible graphite -240 to 480 C (-400 to 900 F)
Design Requirements for
Category 1 Seals
Materials for Primary Rings(Category 1)
Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use resin filled carbon for Type 5600 family Alternative for 5610 & 5620 on flashing hydrocarbon services is Antimony filled carbon
Material for Mating Rings(Category 1)
Default is self-sintered silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)Because of chemical resistance
Customer can specify the use of reaction bonded silicon carbide
Gland Plate(Category 1)
Default is single point injectionDistributed flush is optional (6.2.1.2.1; 6.1.2.14)6.1.2.14 states “Seal chamber pressure shall not be less than a 30% margin to maximum VP or a 20 C (36 F) product temperature margin at maximum process temperature”Remember
Register fitBolt holes, not slotsConfined gasket with metal-to-metal contact [gland to pump] (6.2.1.2.2)
Design Requirements for
Category 2 Seals
Materials for Primary Rings(Category 2)
Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use
Antimony filled carbon for Type x648 familyResin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & causticsResin filled carbon for Type x670 familyResin filled carbon for Type x609 family
Material for Mating Rings(Category 2)
Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)
Preferred by many refineriesBetter toughness than self sintered SiC
Gland Plate(Category 2)
Default is single point injectionDistributed flush is optional (6.2.2.2.1; 6.1.2.14)
Design Requirements for
Category 3 Seals
Category 3 Seals
Same as API 682, 1st Edition
Materials for Primary Rings(Category 3)
Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2)We use
antimony filled carbon for Type x648 familyResin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & caustics Resin filled carbon for Type x670 familyResin filled carbon for Type x609 family
Material for Mating Rings(Category 3)
Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3)
Preferred by many refineriesBetter toughness than self sintered SiC
Gland Plate(Category 3)
Default is distributed flush for single, rotating seals (6.2.3.2.1)
Design Requirements for
Arrangement 1 Seals
Throttle Bushings(Arrangement 1)
Throttle bushing required (7.1.2.1)Category 1 uses fixed, carbon bushingCategory 2 uses fixed, non-sparking metal bushingCategory 3 uses floating, carbon bushingCategory 1 & 2 can be specified [by customer] to be a floating bushing (7.1.2.2)
Design Requirements for
Arrangement 2 Seals
General Requirementsfor Arrangement 2 Seals
Inner (process) seal rated for 2.75 bar (40 psi) reverse (ID to OD) pressure (7.2.1.1)Outer seal can be a contacting liquid seal or a contacting or non-contacting containment sealThe inboard seal can incorporate an auxiliary sleeve under the seal utilising a locating step and dog point set screws and not violate the one piece sleeve requirement (7.2.2.1)
Throttle Bushings(Arrangement 2)
Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.2.3.1)Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.2.3.1)
Design Requirements for
Arrangement 3 Seals
General Requirementsfor Arrangement 3 Seals
Inner seal must have full reverse pressure rating (7.3.1.2)Cartridge shall utilise two primary rings and two mating rings (7.3.1.3)Contacting Wet Seals
Standard configuration is Face-to-BackOptional configurations are Face-to-Face or Back-to-Back
Gas Barrier SealsStandard configuration is Back-to-BackOptional configurations are Face-to-Face or Face-to-Back
Throttle Bushings(Arrangement 3)
Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.3.3.1)Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.3.3.1)
Design Requirements for
Containment Seals
Containment Seal Specifics
Containment seals are Arrangement 2Can be contacting or non-contactingBuffer gas (purge) is optionalUses Plan 7x series flush plansIsolation bushing between containment seal and vent/drain port (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1))
API 682, 2nd Edition
Testing Requirements
Testing Requirements
Fluids Sizes Steady state /Cyclic Seal types Seal arrangements
Testing
Type testing
Qualification
Individual seal testing
Component integrity
Seal integrity
Hydrostatic testing - Seal chambers - Gland plates - Reservoirs- Heat exchangers
Air test - Single - Dual (each chamber)
Pump performance
test
OEM
Pump Performance Test Logic
If Leak
Job Seal
(Standard)
Modified Seal
(Optional)
Seal Operated
(Standard)
Seal Not Operated
(Optional)
Perform Pump Performance Test with Shop SealPump Performance Test
Perform Pump PerformanceTest with Modified
Seal Faces
Replace Modified SealFaces with Job Seal Faces
Air Pressure Test
Repair, retest with airShip Pump with Job Seal
Install Job Seal andair pressure test
Repair
Repair
If Leak If Leak
IF OK
If LeakIF OK
OptionStandard
(OR)
IF OK
IF OK
IF OK
If LeakShip Pump with
Job Seal
Ship Pump withJob Seal Installed
Ship Pump withJob Seal Separate
Ship Pump withJob Seal Installed
Typical Integrity Test Rig
Technology Testing Center
Test Cell Specifications
Most fluids (except extreme explosives)Pressures to 103.5 barg (1500 psig)Temperatures to >316ºC (>600°F)Sizes to 150 mm (6”) (speed dependent for larger sizes)Speeds to 4500 rpmComputerised controls and data acquisition
View Inside a Test Cell
TTC Operations Area
Qualification Test Summary
Dynamic 3600 rpmBase point pressure and temperatureSteady state for 100 hours minimum
Static 4 hours minimum
Cyclic 5 simulated upset cycles
Pressure, temperature swingsStart/stopLoss of flush
Approx 8 hoursFinal Static Test
Wet Seals Qualification Test
Gas Barrier Cyclic Test
"
Containment Seals Test
Typical TTC Testing Arrangement
Inboard (Rig) Side – Single Seal Outboard Side – Single or Dual Seal
Results of Qualification Tests
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsDynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsCyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsCyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test ResultsCyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
Qualification Test Summary
Certification of Test
API 682 Test Certificate
Seal Tested: John Crane Sealol 1604 API Type: Type C - Arrangem ent I API C ode: C / 11 - 62 / S / 200 Face Materials : Carbon vs S ilicon C arbide Test Fluid: Non-Flashing H ydrocarbon Base Pressure: 100 psig (7 bar g) Base Tem perature: 500 °F (260 °C) Speed: 3600 rpm This is to certify that the seal noted above has been tested in accordance with API 682 requirements.
D avid Casucci ___________________________________ David Casucci – Engineering Manager - Sealol Bellows Products
API 2nd Edition – Testing
•2nd Edition Testing Completed :•Type 5610-1 in Propane•Type 5620P-1 in Propane (Arrangement 2)•Type 48LP/S48SC•Type 2800 & Type 2800HP•Type 48LP/ECS
•Containment Seals to be Tested:• Type S28LD -- SBOP – Type 5620D-1
API 682, 2nd Edition
Seal Codes
EAA cust
Annex J: Codes
InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610Different from “Seal Configurations”
Example 2CW-CS (Arrangement 2 with Contacting Wet Inboard Seal with a Containment Seal)
API 682 (2nd Edition)
Annex J (Seal Codes)New coding structure
First letter = Categorysecond letter = ArrangementThird letter = Seal TypeFourth letter(s) = Flush arrangement
Example is C3A2C1152 is Category 3 Type C seal in an arrangement 2 using Plans 11 and 52
Annex J: Codes
InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610
C1 A1 A 11
Annex J: Codes
InformativeFour segment codeDifferent from 1st EditionDifferent from API 610
C1 A1 A 11category
arrangement flush
type
API 682 (2nd Edition)Arrangement 1, Single Seals
One seal per cartridge assembly
1CW-FX Contacting single wet seal with a fixed throttle bushing
1CW-FL Contacting single wet seal with a floating throttle bushing
API 682 (2nd Edition) Arrangement 2, Dual Non-pressurized
Two seals per cartridge assembly with a containment seal chamber which is at a pressure less than the seal chamber pressure
2CW-CW Dual contacting wet seals with a liquid buffer fluid
2CW-CS Contacting wet inner seal with a dry-running containment seal
2NC-CS Non-contacting inner seal with a dry-running containment seal
API 682 (2nd Edition)Arrangement 3, Dual Pressurized
Two seals per cartridge assembly that utilizes an externally supplied barrier fluid
3CW-FB Dual contacting wet, face-to-back 3CW-BB Dual contacting wet, back-to-back 3CW-FF Dual contacting wet, face-to-face
3NC-BB Dual non-contacting, back-to-back 3NC-FF Dual non-contacting, face-to-face 3NC-FB Dual non-contacting, face-to-back
API 682 (2nd Edition)- Summary of Seal Arrangements
API 682 Second EditionPiping Plans
29
3
API 682 Second Edition
Changes to Existing Plans
4
Heat exchangers (8.5.3)
0.50” x 0.065” wall tubing for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.3.1.5)
0.75” x 0.095” wall tubing for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.3.1.5)
5
Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4)
12 litre (3 gal) capacity for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.4.3.1)
20 litre (5 gal) capacity for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.4.3.1)
6
12 litre reservoir design
DN 150 (NPS 6) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 a)
316L construction (8.5.4.4.6)
12 mm (0.50” NPT) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 a)Seamless tubing is the default
Sch. 80 pipe is optional
12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling coil (8.5.4.5.3)
7
12 Litre Reservoir
8
20 litre reservoir design
DN 200 (NPS 8) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 b)
316L construction (8.5.4.4.6)
18 mm (0.75”) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 b)
Seamless tubing is the default
Sch. 80 pipe is optional
12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling coil (8.5.4.5.3)
9
20 Litre Reservoir
10
Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4)
Pressure gauge and switch required (8.5.4.2.7)
Low level switch required (8.5.4.2.8)
High level switch optional (8.5.4.2.8)
Hermetically sealed switches not required (9.1)
11
API 682 Second Edition
New Piping Plans
12
New Piping Plans
Plan 53’s - Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals53a – traditional configuration53b – bladder accumulator53c – piston pot/ accumulator
Plan 72 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)Plan 74 – Arrangement 3, Non-Contacting (NC) SealsPlan 75 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS) Plan 76 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)
13
Plan 53a (A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure
Limits the maximum pressure due to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquid
14
Plan 53b (A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilizes bladder accumulator for pressure
15
Plan 53b (A.4.12)
Bladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidAllows for higher pressure applications Configuration Includes:
AccumulatorPressure IndicatorPressure SwitchHeat Exchanger
16
Plan 53b (A.4.12)
17
Plan 53c (A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) SealsDual Pressurised (Double) SealsUtilises piston pot for pressure
18
Plan 53c (A.4.12)
Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquidAllows for higher pressure applications Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1)Configuration includes:
Piston potPressure indicatorPressure switchHeat exchangerLevel switch
19
Plan 53c (A.4.12)
20
Plan 72 (A.4.16)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS)Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals
Dry-running secondary
Low pressure nitrogen sweep Sweeps primary leakage to collection systemDilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels
Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76
21
Plan 72 (A.4.16)
22
Plan 74 (A.4.17)
Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC)Dual Pressurised (Double) SealsNitrogen barrier
1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressureZero emissions
Essentially a T2800 panel
23
Plan 74 (A.4.17)
24
Plan 75 (A.4.18)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS)Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals
Dry-running secondary
Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2)Used when primary seal leakage may condense
May be used in conjunction with Plan 72
25
Plan 75 (A.4.18)
26
Plan 75 (A.4.18)
27
Plan 76 (A.4.19)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS)Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals
Dry-running secondary
Primary leakage routed to flare or ventUsed when primary seal leakage will not condenseEssentially a 48SC panel
May be used in conjunction with Plan 72
28
Plan 76 (A.4.19)
API 682 2nd Edition
Questions and Answers
EAA cust
What is API 682?
Seal standard issued by: American Petroleum InstituteScope includes: Seals for centrifugal and rotary pumps
API 610API 670
1st edition 19942nd edition May, 2002
How do 2nd Edition & 1st Edition differ?
CategoriesCategory1 is for chemical dutyCategory 2 is for refinery duty
Old “682 Light”Traditional “API 610” seals
Category 3 is same as 1st edition API 682Gas barrier sealsContainment seals
Who wrote API 682?
An industry Task Force comprising of:End Users
Chemical plantsRefineries
Pump OEMSeal OEM
API Committees
Who must use API 682?
No one is required to use API 682 but many industries adopt the standard in full or as part of their operating specification in an editit format (Shell PI for instance)Refineries will be the biggest usersChemical plants are now covered in the standard
When does API 682 Take Effect?
After publication (July, 2002)Or when invoked by the customer or contractor
What are the advantages of using API 682?
Consistency of approach to seal selection and applicationQualification testingAir integrity test prior to shipmentProvides high degree of probability in providing (3) years of uninterrupted service while complying with emission regulations
What are the disadvantages of using API 682?
“Heavy Duty”Cost: Some features specified may result in a higher expense to the purchaser than seals and systems previously used.Require more radial and axial space
Paper work
Is API 682 a metric standard?
Yes though imperial is the default unitsImperial units are typical in USA
Can the purchaser modify or make additions to API 682?
YesStrong set of defaults in API 682Allows for user choicesUsers will write their own exceptions and clarifications to API 682
How are Materials Specified?
Specified through detailed codingDefault materials are completely specifiedLimited optional materials available that complyMaterials have not changed from 1st edition, but codes used will not match old API 610 material codes
Are there substitutes for face materials?
No, must be a tested materialRules for “tested material” relaxed somewhatJohn Crane will have additional tested materials, ie, materials that have been tested and meet the test requirements of API, even though they may not be defined options in the standard
What Testing is Required?
QualificationSpecific liquidsNominal 2” and 4” sealsPublication of results, with pass or fail criteria
HydrotestGlands not required to be hydrotested unless cast (previously all glands needed testing)
Integrity (air test) on assembly25 psig
Must a seal be tested on all fluids?
Seals should be tested on the fluids they are expected to work on5 test fluids
WaterPropaneCausticHot OilCold oil
Qualification testing on representative fluid
How do we retrofit seals into older pumps?
It is expected that there will sometimes dimensional problems, due to ‘minimum’ specification:
1/8” (3.175mm) minimum sleeve thickness1/8” (3.175mm) general radial clearances1/16” (1.587mm) radial clearance for pumping rings
Old pumps, or equipment with minimum space may have to take design exceptions
What is the equivalent code for BSTFL?
There is no exact equivalent in 682New set of codes for API 682 2nd edition
2nd edition codes not same as 1st edition682 codes not same as 610 codes
If customer references an old 610 codeProbably wants a Category II seal as this is the closest definition of a historical 610 sealThere is no direct cross reference possible
How are ANSI / ISO (DIN) Pumps catered for?
Category I seals are designed for ANSI / ISO (DIN) large boreSpecial features include
Register fitThrottle bushingDrilled bolt holes in gland
Does API 682 include Rotary Pumps?
Yes but:Seal chamber specified for rotary pumps / PD pumps do not match those in API682 (API676)
Can a customer purchase dry gas seals per API 682?
Yes, where it is a dry gas seal for pumps not compressors, it falls into the following categories:Gas barrier sealsContainment sealsNew piping plans cover these arrangements
71, 72, 75, 76 for containment seals74 for gas barrier seals
What arrangement are dry running containment seals and dry gas seals?
Gas barrier seals are Arrangement 3Containment seals are Arrangement 2
Must barrier pressure for dual pressurized seals be constantly controlled versus seal chamber pressure?
Barrier pressure does not have to track process pressurePlan 53C is an option that tracks process pressure
What reference is there in API 610 for Seals?
Whilst API 610, 8th Ed. edition did include limited seal information, 9th Ed. will not have seal specs; instead refers to API 682If API 610 is referenced, you must now assume 9th Ed. unless otherwise another edition is specified
Must Data Sheets be Completed?
Too comply with the requirements of 2nd Ed Yes seal data sheets must be filled out2nd Edition uses a two page datasheet
1st Edition was five pagesBut smaller print in 2nd Edition
Data sheet is initiated by purchaser, not JC, and is different between category 1 & 2, and category 3
Who Completes the Data Sheet?
Data sheet is initiated by purchaser OSeal vendor info added to info by purchaser Some items by either vendor or purchaserDefaults marked with shadingThe seal vendor cannot begin with a blank data sheet!John Crane CSelect682 will complete the application part of the data sheet automatically, and will allow you to complete the rest electronically.
What is an Engineered Seal?
Seal Types are really just A, B, CPart of “Totally Engineered Sealing System”Outside the scope of API 682
Temperature, pressure, speed, fluids, etc.Optional testing per Clause 10.3.1.1.2
Design featuresConceivably anythingProbably based on API 682
API 682 2nd EditionCSelect 682
Seal selection software for API 682 Applications
17
2
Annex A: Selection
InformativeSummaries of
Categories 1, 2, 3Arrangements 1, 2, 3Seal types A, B, C
Seal selectionTutorialTablesLogic diagrams
Piping PlansTutorialLogic diagrams
3
Seal Selection Procedure
Select category (1, 2, 3)Select fluid groupType A, B, CArrangement 1, 2, 3Piping plan
4
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesYes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Is product hazardous
by regulation
or other local criteria?
Start
Does product have high
H2S content by
national/local criteria?
Is product under
regulated emission rate
for hydrocarbons?
Arrangement 1
Go to Sheets
7, 8, or 9
Do project/national/local standards
permit a restricted vapor leakage
under all operating conditions?
Will a single seal with special
features mitigate the hazard,
emission, or other difficulties?
Is pumping
temperature
<260°C (500°F)?
Is pumping
temperature
<150°C (300°F)?
Is pumped
fluid dirty?
Arrangement 3
Go to Sheets
7, 8, or 9
Arrangement 2
Go to Sheets
7, 8, or 9
Select Arrangement
Expanded from 1st EditionAn interview based on
LeakageSafety
5
CSelect682
John Crane computer programCan be given to customersShould be used internally for defining preferencesAvailable April, 2003
6
Opening Screen
Change language
Set program for SI or Imperial units
Help
7
Start a New Project
Project name
Project item
8
Select an Existing Project
Add new items
Modify selections
9
Existing Selection Routine
View
or
Modify
10
Select a Seal - Fluid Properties
Selection data summarised at bottom of screen
11
Selection in Progress
12
Selection Complete
Preferred selection highlighted
Option to select alternative seal
13
Flush Plans and Materials
Selections can be changed or locked where no change allowed
14
Seal and Piping Plan
15
Create Report
16
View Data Sheet
17
Product Literature
Available to view or download from Internet