APES Day 104APES Day 104February 16February 16

Please check over your results on the energy exam. Please check over your results on the energy exam. Note the areas of concern.Note the areas of concern.

If a question asks from an explanation you need to If a question asks from an explanation you need to identify the environmental cost THEN explain how it identify the environmental cost THEN explain how it

costs the environment, ie: Windmills reduce the costs the environment, ie: Windmills reduce the burning of coal which decreases sulfur from being burning of coal which decreases sulfur from being

released which reduces acid rain. Acid rain decreases released which reduces acid rain. Acid rain decreases the biodiversity of intolerant organisms.the biodiversity of intolerant organisms.

Unit Seven ConceptsUnit Seven Concepts The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere Composition; structure; weather and climate; atmospheric Composition; structure; weather and climate; atmospheric

circulation and the Coriolis Effect; atmospheric-ocean interactions; circulation and the Coriolis Effect; atmospheric-ocean interactions; ENSO, ocean circulation, solar intensity and latitudeENSO, ocean circulation, solar intensity and latitude

Stratospheric ozoneStratospheric ozone Formation of stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, causes of Formation of stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, causes of

ozone depletion, effects of ozone depletion, strategies for reducing ozone depletion, effects of ozone depletion, strategies for reducing ozone depletion, relevant laws and treatiesozone depletion, relevant laws and treaties

Global warmingGlobal warming Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect, impacts and Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect, impacts and

consequences of global warming, reducing climate change, ice age, consequences of global warming, reducing climate change, ice age, relevant laws and treatiesrelevant laws and treaties

Pollution typesPollution types 1. air pollution-sources-primary and secondary, major air pollutants, 1. air pollution-sources-primary and secondary, major air pollutants,

standards, measurement units, smog, troposphere ozone, acid standards, measurement units, smog, troposphere ozone, acid deposition, cause and effects, heat issues, temperature inversions, deposition, cause and effects, heat issues, temperature inversions, indoor air pollution, remediation and reduction strategies, Clean Air indoor air pollution, remediation and reduction strategies, Clean Air Act and other relevant lawsAct and other relevant laws

2. Noise pollution2. Noise pollution Sources, effects, control measuresSources, effects, control measures

How is the atmosphere like an How is the atmosphere like an onion?onion?

Is the atmosphere constant?Is the atmosphere constant?

Spaceship Earth ConceptSpaceship Earth Concept

TroposphereTroposphere

The layer that we exist inThe layer that we exist in78-79% Nitrogen78-79% Nitrogen20-21% Oxygen20-21% Oxygen .9% Argon.9% Argon385 ppm carbon dioxide and rising385 ppm carbon dioxide and risingThicker at the equator than the polesThicker at the equator than the polesAmbient Air is the air that surrounds usAmbient Air is the air that surrounds us

What happens to the energy from What happens to the energy from the photons of the sun?the photons of the sun?

AlbedoAlbedo

Relative reflectivity of a surfaceRelative reflectivity of a surfaceLight surfaces have a high albedo and Light surfaces have a high albedo and

dark surfaces have a low albedodark surfaces have a low albedo

AerosolsAerosols

Small particles and liquid droplets in the Small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphereatmosphere

Volcanoes release manyVolcanoes release manySalt crystalsSalt crystalsCan act as condensation nuclei for Can act as condensation nuclei for

precipitationprecipitationMan-made CFC’s and other aerosols act Man-made CFC’s and other aerosols act

to break ozone in stratosphereto break ozone in stratosphere

StratosphereStratosphere

Direct relationship between temperature Direct relationship between temperature and altitudeand altitude

Ozone is found here. Absorbs UV rays of Ozone is found here. Absorbs UV rays of the sun.the sun.

MesosphereMesosphere

Coldest zoneColdest zoneGases continue to thinGases continue to thin

ThermosphereThermosphere

Thinning gases absorb UV and x-ray Thinning gases absorb UV and x-ray radiation from the sun making it extremely radiation from the sun making it extremely hot, but the molecules are so far from one hot, but the molecules are so far from one another it would feel cold to you.another it would feel cold to you.

Ionosphere is located here and affects Ionosphere is located here and affects radiowavesradiowaves

Northern lights occur here (Aurora Northern lights occur here (Aurora borealis)borealis)

ExosphereExosphere

Extends into spaceExtends into space

Prelab: Specific HeatPrelab: Specific Heat

Please read the entire lab and be Please read the entire lab and be prepared to start when you come in prepared to start when you come in tomorrow.tomorrow.

Also read pages 322-326…note the Also read pages 322-326…note the vocabulary that relates to the lab.vocabulary that relates to the lab.