APEIS-IEM in Asia-Pacific Region

IEM Sub-project•　National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan•　Chinese Academy of Sciences, China•　Ministry of Water Resources, China•　Singapore University, Singapore•　CSIRO Earth Observation Center, Australia

Degradation and Disaster Detection

Proposals for SD• Soil erosion protection• Water quality improvement• Organic matter cycle • Land use plan, etc.

GISGround observationsystem

Agri. / ForestProduction

Satellite monitor ingnetwork

Water/Organic matter/Carbon/Nitrogen Cycle

Integrated Environmental Monitor ing (IEM)

Integrated Management Model

Land Use Policy- Cultivated land to grass,

forest or wet land

Global Warming Strategy- CO2 emission reduce

Agr i. Production Policy-Irrigation rate increase

-Plant system improvement

- Opt. economic development- Mini. pressures to environment

Research Framework of APEIS-IEM

Case Study Area　‐Yangtze/Yellow River 　‐Mekong River‐Mongolia Grassland ‐etc.

Progresses in FY2004　　

• Validation of MODIS derived indices of environmental changes, such as Land Surface Temperature (MOD11), Land Cover (MOD12), Land Surface Water Deficit Index (MOD16), Leaf Area Index (MOD15) and Vegetation Net Primary Production (NPP)

• Ecosystem Services, such as agricultural water use, carbon flux and nitrogen budget have been simulated by modified ecosystem models.

• Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategy (APEIS) 3rd Integrated Environmental Monitoring (IEM) Workshop was hold on 9 - 11 December 2004, Singapore

New Approach for Land Cover Classification (MOD12)

(International J. of Remote Sensing, 2005)

Land Use/Cover Changes by MODIS

Monitoring of Flooded Area and Water-Volumein Large Lake

Wat

er V

olum

e(×

108 m

3 )Month

A case study of Tongting Lake, 2002(Geographica Sinica, 59 (1): 88-94)

Dongting Lake

ShanghaiWuhan

Changqing

Evaluation of Vulnerable Land Based on GIS & Remote Sensing Data

　WDI < 0.25

Slope >20 °

Water body, Urban area Protected forest etc.

Temp. restrictions

Water restrictions

yes

noyes

no yes

no

yes

no

≧10 ℃ Accumulated Temperature　 <1000 ℃

Landform restrictions

Land use restriction

Suitable Land

Soil Types Suitable for Cultivation

Soil restrictionsyes

no

(Wang, 2002, JGEE, Vol.8, pp. 67-78)

N budget change in Changjiangriver basin from 1980 to 1990

Change in N transport to water bodies from 1980 to 1990

1980

1990 Future2000

Nitrogen Budget in Agricultural Area of Changjiang River Basin(Submitted to Science of the Total Environment)

Crop Animal Human

CultivatedLand

Input:?Output:?

Budget:?

ChemicalFertilizer

Fertilizer

Rain

Discharge toAtmosphere /Water / Soil

Import

Export

Irrigation

N Fixation

EnvironmentVulnerability

Environ.CarryingCapacity

Land Use Change

Grid level Catchment levelCounty level

1980

1992

change during 1980-1992

N in harvested crops

N in applied chemical fertilizer

1980

1992

change during 1980-1992

Fertilizer efficiency

1980

1992

change during 1980-1992

-1000

100200300400500600700800

Rn (W

m-2)

-100.0

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

H (W

m-2)

-100.0

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

LE

(Wm-2

)

-100.0

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

G (

Wm-2

)

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

25-M

ar

1-A

pr

9-A

pr

16-A

pr

24-A

pr

1-M

ay

9-M

ay

16-M

ay

24-M

ay

31-M

ay

8-Ju

n

15-J

un

23-J

un

30-J

un

8-Ju

l

15-J

ul

23-J

ul

30-J

ul

7-Au

g

14-A

ug

22-A

ug

29-A

ug

6-Se

p

13-S

ep

21-S

ep

28-S

ep

6-O

ct

13-O

ct

21-O

ct

CO2 (

umol

m-2)

Meteorological Data

Soil Data

1.Respiration2.Temperature3.Water content4.SOM

Field LAI

DEM

Water, Heat and CO2 Fluxes, NPP, Crop Yield

APEIS-MODISNetwork

NDVI

APIES-FLUX Network

Remote-sensingmodels

Meteorological models1. Radiation transfer 2. Energy balance3. Eddy covariance4. Vapor pressure deficit

C,N-Cycle sub-model(Biome-BGC)

Land-surface Process sub-model(SiB2)

Planting, Harvesting, Irrigation, Fertilizer Application, Residue Placement

Crop-growth sub-model (DSSAT)

0 2 4 6 8 10

LAI

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

NDVI

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

LST，℃

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

FPAR

Ecosystem Model

Agriculture Ecosystem: Wheat(Agri. & Forest Meteor., 2005)

GPP(0.645)

Rm(0.062)

Rh(0.115)

NPP(0.449)

NEP(0.334)

Rg(0.135)

(kg C/m2/gr)

GPP(0.959)

Rm(0.127)

Rh(0.255)

NPP(0.640)

NEP(0.385)

Agriculture Ecosystem: Corn(Agri. & Forest Meteor., 2005)

Carbon Budget during Corn Growth (Yucheng Site in 2003)

00.20.40.60.8

1

NPP NEP GPP Rm Rg Rh

(kg

C m

-2)

DisturbedUndisturbed

0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.00

8-Ju

l

16-J

ul

24-J

ul

1-A

ug

9-A

ug

17-A

ug

25-A

ug

2-Se

p

10-S

ep

18-S

ep

26-S

ep

4-O

ct

ET (

mm

)

ET_obs ET_simu

ET_simu=1.0231ET_obs-0.001R2 =0.7632

-0.004

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.012

0.016

8-Ju

l

16-J

ul

24-J

ul

1-A

ug

9-A

ug

17-A

ug

25-A

ug

2-Se

p

10-S

ep

18-S

ep

26-S

ep

4-O

ct

NEE

(kgC

/m2 /d

)

NEE_obs NEE_simu

NEE_simu= 1.0588NEE_obs+ 0.001R2 =0.7431

0123456

8-Ju

l

16-J

ul

24-J

ul

1-A

ug

9-A

ug

17-A

ug

25-A

ug

2-Se

p

10-S

ep

18-S

ep

26-S

ep

4-O

ct

LAI

(m2 /m

2 )

LAI_simu LAI_obs

Rg(0.192)

PREDICTED MEASUREDYIELD (kg/ha) 　7821 　 8002BIOMASS (kg/ha) 15954 　 15582

(kg C/m2/gr)