AP European History Mr. Blackmon

APEH Essays Rearranged by FrellerChapter 13 The Challenges of Modern Europe 1850-1914

Mass Society

1. Describe the physical transformation of European cities in the second half of thenineteenth century and analyze the social consequences of this transformation. AP 1996

2. Discuss the decline of the aristocracy in Western Europe. When did the decline occur,what forms did it take, and what factors caused it? AP 1977

3. Discuss the ways in which European Jews were affected by and responded to liberalism,nationalism, and anti-Semitism in the nineteenth century. AP 1995

4. Historians speak of the rise of mass politics in the period from 1880 to 1914. Define thisphenomenon and analyze its effects on European politics in this period. (AP 2005)

Mass Politics

Modern Ideas (Physics, Psychology, Philosophy, Religion, Avant-Garde in the Arts

Road to World War I

5. Analyze what the differences in leisure activities shown in the two paintings on thepreceding page, reflect about the social life of peasants in the sixteenth century and urbandwellers in the nineteenth century. AP 1990

6. “By 1900 the artist had either to be a critic of the times or to develop art for its ownsake.” Discuss. AP 1978

7. “Every age projects its own image of man into its art.” Assess the validity of thisstatement with reference to two representative twentieth-century European works in eitherthe visual or literary arts. AP 1977

8. Evaluate how the ideas of Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud challenged Enlightenmentassumptions about human behavior and the role of reason. AP 2000

9. How did new theories in physics and psychology in the period from 1900 to 1939challenge existing ideas about the individual and society? AP 2001

10. Compare and contrast the relationship between artists and society in the Baroque era andin the twentieth century. Illustrate your essay with references to at least TWO examplesfor each period. (AP 2003 B)

11. These two pictures suggest technological and urban transformations characteristic ofmodern Europe. Using the pictures as a starting point, describe the extent of thesechanges and their effects on working and middle-class Europeans in the second half ofthe nineteenth century. AP 1987

12. Man for the field and Woman for the hearth:Man for the sword and for the needle she:

Man with the head and women from the heart:Man to command woman to obey:

How accurately do the lines of poetry above reflect gender roles for European men andwomen in the late nineteenth century? AP 2000

13. Analyze how and why western European attitudes toward children and child-rearingchanged in the period from 1750 to 1900. AP 2001

14. Discuss the impact of industrialization and urbanization on working-class families from1750 to 1900. (AP 2005 B)

15. From 1830 to 1933 the lower classes have used direct action protest ranging from strikesand riots to revolution as a means of effecting social and political change. Using specificexamples from France and Germany, write an essay in which you explain theeffectiveness of such means in bringing about social and political change. AP 1976

16. What political and social changes in Western and Central Europe account for the virtualdisappearance of revolutionary outbreaks in the half-century following 1848? AP 1979

17. Describe the steps take between 1832 and 1918 to extend the suffrage in England. Whatgroups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote? AP 1984

18. Evaluate the effectiveness of collective responses by workers to industrialization inWestern Europe during the course of the nineteenth century. AP 1986

19. Analyze how economic and social developments affected women in England in theperiod from 1700 to 1850. (AP 2005 A)

Question 7 appears on page 11.

ErichLessingtArt Resource, NY Courtesy of the Board of Trustees of the Victoria and AlbertMuseum/Art Resource, NY. Photograph by Joseph Paxton

The Arch of Triumph, Paris, 1806-1836 The Crystal Palace, London, 1850-1851

20. Discuss how the two structures shown above reflect the societies and cultures thatproduced them. (AP 2006 B)

21. Discuss the impact of industrialization and urbanization on working-class families from1750 to 1900. (AP 2005 B)

22. Analyze the problems and opportunities associated with the rapid urbanization of westernEurope in the nineteenth century. (AP 2007 A)

23. Historians speak of the rise of mass politics in the period from 1880 to 1914. Define thisphenomenon and analyze its effects on European politics in this period. (AP 2005 A)

24. To what extent did the structure of Russian government and society affect its economicdevelopment in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

25. Analyze the ways in which TWO of the following groups challenged British liberalism between1880 and 1914.

FeministsIrish nationalistsSocialists (AP 2008 B)

26. In the period 1815-1900, political liberalization progressed much further in western Europe thanin Russia. Analyze the social and economic reasons for this difference. (AP 2006 A)

27. European women’s lives changed in the course of the nineteenth century politically,economically, and socially. Identify and explain the reasons for those changes. (AP 2008 A)

28. "In the second half of the nineteenth century, most European governments were conservative."

To what extent is the quotation above an accurate statement? Use specific examples from atleast TWO countries.

29. Compare and contrast the relationship between the artist and society in theRenaissance/Reformation period to the relationship between the artist and society in the latenineteenth century. (AP 2006 A)

30. Analyze anti-Semitism in Europe from the Dreyfus affair in the 1890's to 1939. (AP 2006B)

31. Analyze the major factors responsible for the rise of anti-Semitism in nineteenth- centuryEurope. (AP 2008 A)